TW201412317A - 神經肌肉阻斷劑之穩定化含水組合物 - Google Patents
神經肌肉阻斷劑之穩定化含水組合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201412317A TW201412317A TW102134492A TW102134492A TW201412317A TW 201412317 A TW201412317 A TW 201412317A TW 102134492 A TW102134492 A TW 102134492A TW 102134492 A TW102134492 A TW 102134492A TW 201412317 A TW201412317 A TW 201412317A
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- Prior art keywords
- quaternary ammonium
- aqueous composition
- lactone
- group
- excipient
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- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003637 steroidlike Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000365 steroidogenetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940033663 thimerosal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940035024 thioglycerol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004906 thiomersal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-L-hydroxy-proline Natural products ON1CCCC1C(O)=O FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003819 vecuronium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BGSZAXLLHYERSY-XQIGCQGXSA-N vecuronium Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C[C@@H]3CC[C@H]4[C@@H]5C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@]5(CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(C)C2)C)OC(=O)C)[N+]2(C)CCCCC2)CCCCC1 BGSZAXLLHYERSY-XQIGCQGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一含水組合物及其用途,該組合物包含:(i)四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑;以及(ii)賦形劑,選自式HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]n-COOH之多羥基酸(polyhydroxy acid)、該多羥基酸之分子內的內酯或其混合物,其中n為1至8之整數。一製造該含水組合物之方法,包含下列步驟:a)提供四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑,其中該四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑係視需要經冷凍-乾燥,b)提供賦形劑,選自式HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]n-COOH之多羥基酸、該多羥基酸之分子內的內酯及其混合物,其中n為1至8之整數,其中該賦形劑係視需要經凍乾,c)混合該步驟a)之四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑與該步驟b)之賦形劑於水中,以得到含水組合物。
Description
本發明係關於一包含四級銨阻斷劑以及以多羥基酸為主之賦形劑的含水組合物,以及一用於製造該組合物之方法。此外,本發明係關於一包含該含水組合物之液體醫藥組合物。本發明之組合物可更包含於一由玻璃或有機聚合物所製成之容器。另外,本發明係關於一包含該等本發明之組合物的醫藥套組。
麻醉典型被定義成病患某些身體功能的消除作用,使得能夠容忍診斷或手術程序。傳統上,麻醉包含疼痛緩解(止痛)、意識喪失(催眠)、營養功能喪失及肌肉鬆弛(麻痺)的成分。這些效果可以從單一藥物(其單獨提供正確組合的效果)或組合藥物(例如安眠藥、鎮定劑、麻痺劑及麻醉劑)而獲得,以達到非常具體組合的結果。
典型地,為了使骨骼肌肉能鬆弛而利用神經肌肉阻斷劑。快速發作和短時間作用行為是這些藥物成功的關鍵特點。例如,除了一般骨骼肌肉的鬆弛以排除在手術期間病患不受控制的運動以外,神經肌肉阻斷劑可被用來使聲帶麻痺得以進行氣管
的插管術或得以抑制自發性換氣。
有關最先進技術的神經肌肉阻斷劑之結構、構形及作用的評論文章可參閱C.Lee,Br.J.Anaesth. 2001,87(5),755-769。大多數目前可得的神經肌肉阻斷劑係具有四級銨結構。此結構能用於結合至突觸後菸鹼乙醯膽鹼(postsynaptical nicotinic acetylcholine)受體,從而抑制或干擾乙醯膽鹼至受體的結合最終導致肌肉鬆弛。
典型地,神經肌肉阻斷劑係以靜脈注射施用。這需要使含有活性成分之大多經凍乾的粉末與賦形劑溶解於含注射用水之溶劑及視需要的共溶劑中。最近,業經開發提供已溶解之即用(ready-to-use)產品的新穎劑型。然而這些包含該醫藥組合物的預-稀釋產品乃高度不穩定且需要冷鏈運輸和儲存。這是非常不方便和昂貴的。
過去已處理神經肌肉阻斷劑在溶液中的穩定性。例如,EP-B-0707853揭露一種醫藥組合物,含一有效量之神經肌肉阻斷劑及0.01至30%之至少一種兩性離子性物質作為穩定劑。該等穩定的兩性離子性物質之實例包括具有等電點不高於7的胺基酸,特別是,甘胺酸、絲胺酸、甲硫胺酸、丙胺酸、異白胺酸、白胺酸、苯丙胺酸、脯胺酸、羥基脯胺酸、色胺酸、酪胺酸、纈胺酸和半胱胺酸。
EP-A-1874319揭露肌肉鬆弛劑配方,其包括一或多種四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑,當與一或多種具有至少六個碳原子及
具有小於4.0之pKa的有機陰離子結合時,具有降低的水解降解傾向,因此具較長儲存壽命穩定性。該有機陰離子可以選自下列所組成之群組:龍膽酸、糖精、甘膽酸、苯磺酸、對甲苯磺酸、N-乙醯基色胺酸及二肉荳蔻醯磷脂醯甘油。
WO2008/065142揭露一種含水溶液型式之非口服投
與(parenteral administration)的醫藥組合物,包含羅庫銨(Rocuronium)及磺烷基醚-β-環糊精衍生物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其可以在環境溫度下及/或在較高的pH值下儲存,同時維持適當的儲存壽命。
CN1864667B揭露一種經凍乾的醫藥組合物,包括羅
庫銨及甘露醇。然而,由其形成的含水配方在升溫下的長期穩定性仍有不足。
然而,仍持續需要一種包含神經肌肉阻斷劑之配
方,其在室溫下是穩定的並提供運輸和儲存所需之可接受的儲存壽命(約18至24個月),從而具增加環境的持續性、促進的處理及降低的行銷和採購成本。
本發明係關於一含水組合物,包含:(i)四級銨神
經肌肉阻斷劑;以及(ii)賦形劑,選自式HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]n-COOH之多羥基酸(polyhydroxy acid)、該多羥基酸之分子內的內酯或其混合物,其中n為1至8之整數。
本發明另關於一液體醫藥組合物,包含該含水組合
物或由其所組成,以及關於一製造該含水組合物之方法,包含下列步驟:a)提供四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑,其中該四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑係視需要經冷凍-乾燥,b)提供賦形劑,選自式HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]n-COOH之多羥基酸、該多羥基酸之分子內的內酯及其混合物,其中n為1至8之整數,其中該賦形劑係視需要經凍乾,c)混合該步驟a)之四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑與該步驟b)之賦形劑於水中,以得到含水組合物。
此外,本發明關於一使用式HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]n-COOH之多羥基酸、該多羥基酸之分子內的內酯或其混合物於穩定一包含四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑之含水組合物之用途,其中n為1至8之整數。
本發明亦關於一容器,含有本發明之含水組合物或液體醫藥組合物。此外亦關於一套組,包含該等組合物。
較佳具體實施態樣可由申請專利範圍附屬項而顯現。
第1圖係一示意圖,顯示隨著時間在含有不同賦形劑之溶液中所形成水解羅庫銨的濃度。
第2圖係顯示隨著時間在含有D-甘露醇或D-葡萄糖酸-δ-內酯之溶液中所形成水解羅庫銨的濃度。
除非另有說明,否則以毫克/毫升(mg/mL)所顯示之濃度係以含水組合物之總體積計,且以對應於重量%之%所顯示之濃度係以各別組合物之總重量計。
在本發明全文式中所述「Me」是指甲基。
四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑
本發明之含水組合物係包含一四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑。
較佳地,該四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑係選自類固醇類的神經肌肉阻斷劑。
類固醇的神經肌肉阻斷劑係衍生自牢固的塊狀類固醇的結構(參下式),構具有擬似乙醯膽鹼之結構的取代基,即該類固醇結構通常係經一或多個四級銨基團及一或多個羧酸酯取代。
類固醇化合物之基本結構:,其中p=1或2,Y和Z係獨
立選自CH2、O、NH及S,以及係單鍵或雙鍵
乙醯膽鹼:
在一具體實施態樣中,該四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑係衍生自如下的類固醇結構:
其中p=1或2,Y和Z係獨立選自CH2、O、NH及S,Y和Z較佳皆為CH2,係單鍵或雙鍵,且其中的類固醇結構係進一步經至少一個羧酸酯、至少一個四級銨基團、以及視需要一或多個選自烷基及三級胺或其組合的基團取代。
在一較佳具體實施態樣中,四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑係下式化合物:
其中R1和R3係獨立選自三級胺和四級銨基團,較佳地,R1和R3係獨立選自環狀三級胺和環狀四級銨基團,其中該環係視需要進一步含有一或多個選自氮、氧及硫之雜原子(即,在環中之一或多個CH2係視需要經一或多個雜原子取代),更佳地,R1和R3係下式之取代基:
其中m為1至5之整數,X=CH2、NR7、N+R7R8、O或S(其中R7和R8係獨立為H或C1-C4烷基,較佳為H或甲基)以及R5=C1-C10-烷基或C2-C10-烯基;較佳地,m=1或2,X=CH2、NR7、M+R7R8或O(其中R7和R8係獨立
為H或C1-C4烷基,較佳為H或甲基)以及R5=甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基、異丁基、三級丁基、乙烯基、烯丙基或丁烯基。
在較佳具體實施態樣中,R1係選自
及,以及R3係選自,R2和R4
係獨立選自羥基及,其中R6為C1-C10烷基,較佳為C1-C4烷
基,更佳為甲基或乙基,其限制條件為R2及R4之至少一者為
本發明之例示性四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑為泮庫銨(Pancuronium)、維庫銨(Vecuronium)、羅庫銨(Rocuronium)、瑞庫銨(Rapacuronium)和哌庫銨(Pipecuronium)(圖表1)。
圖表1.經選擇的四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑
在最佳具體實施態樣中,該四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑為羅庫銨鹽。
從結構可明顯看出,上述神經肌肉阻斷劑可以銨鹽存在。醫藥上可接受之平衡陰離子(counter-anions)包括鹵素離子,如氯離子、溴離子和碘離子、硫酸根、硝酸根、甲苯磺酸根、葡糖酸根、乙酸根、甲酸根、酒石酸根等,最佳的為鹵素離子。
在本發明之一較佳具體實施態樣中,四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑為羅庫銨溴化物。
視含水組合物的pH值而定,四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑可以被質子化或去質子化。例如,在pH高達約6時,羅庫銨主要係以質子化形式存在,而在pH大於12時,羅庫銨可以被去質子化:
因此,在本發明全文描述當提及四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑時,係包括任何質子化或去質子化的形式。
以含水組合物之總體積計,四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑之濃度較佳為約1至約100毫克/毫升,更佳為約5至約50毫克/毫升,最佳為約5至約15毫克/毫升。
四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑之水溶液在室溫(25℃)下的儲存壽命係因水解產物的形成而顯著地降低。特別是,羧酸酯部分容易水解成對應的羧酸和醇(參如下例示性之羅庫銨水解)。在酸性條件下,水解是可逆的。然而,使用過量水(如在水溶液中)的平衡則幾乎完全在水解產物側。在鹼性條件下,水解幾乎是不可逆的(皂化)。為了抑制四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑之水解,通常是將溶液冷卻。然而,這樣的冷卻從環境和經濟的觀點來看是不利的。
例示性之羅庫銨水解
多羥基酸和對應的內酯
已令人驚奇地發現,加入選自多羥基酸、其對應的內酯及該二者之組合的賦形劑,係顯著地穩定四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑之含水溶液,其使水解降解被抑制。
溶液的穩定化不僅使配方的冷卻成為多餘,且也允許熱滅菌方法(如在高壓釜中)。由於賦形劑的存在使溶液具熱穩定性,因此熱滅菌方法對產品穩定性型態不會產生負面影響。
因此,本發明含水組合物係包含一賦形劑,選自式HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]n-COOH之多羥基酸、該多羥基酸之分子內的內酯及此二者之混合物,其中n為1至8之整數。較佳地,n為2至6之整數,更佳地,n為3至5之整數,最佳地,n為4。
本發明之多羥基酸較佳為醛醣酸,即,獲自醛醣之氧化作用(其中該醛醣的醛官能被氧化成羧酸)的多羥基酸。醛醣酸可各自以D-型或L-型存在。從經濟的觀點來看,較佳為天然存在的D-型。
較佳地,本發明之多羥基酸為下列之對應的醛醣酸:醛丁醣(n=2)如赤藻糖、蘇糖;醛戊醣(n=3)如阿拉伯糖、來蘇糖、核糖、木糖;醛己醣(n=4)如阿洛糖、阿卓糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、古洛糖、艾杜糖、半乳糖、塔羅糖;或醛庚醣(n=5)。更佳地,本發明之多羥基酸為醛己醣之對應的醛醣酸,最佳地,該多羥基酸是D-葡糖酸。
根據含水組合物之pH值,該多羥基酸可以各自的陰
離子形式存在(羧酸根及/或烷氧離子)。因此,在本發明全文描述提及多羥基酸時,係包括任何質子化或去質子化形式。較佳的平衡陽離子(counter-cation)係鈉、鈣和鉀。例如,在pH值為約4的水中,D-葡糖酸係以D-葡糖酸對D-葡萄糖酸為約2:3之比率的混合物形式存在。
多羥基酸與對應的羧酸根之比率的較佳為約100:1至約1:100,更佳為約50:1至約1:50,又更佳為約20:1至約1:20,最佳為約5:1至約1:5。
或者,本發明之含水組合物係包含上述多羥基酸之內酯。內酯係環狀酯,其可被看作是相同分子中之醇基-OH和羧酸基-COOH的縮合產物。內酯之最穩定的結構係5員γ-內酯和6員δ-內酯,這是因為在所有的有機環中,5員環和6員環使鍵角的張力最小化。
較佳地,本發明之含水組合物係包含醛己醣(n=4)之醛醣酸的δ-內酯,較佳為D-葡萄糖酸-δ-內酯。
在水溶液中,內酯可被水解成對應的羥基酸,於恆定平衡中形成混合物。此過程可能受溶液之濃度以及溫度所影響。因此,在本發明之一進一步具體實施態樣中,含水組合物係同時包含多羥基酸及其分子內的內酯。較佳地,本發明之含水組合物係包含D-葡萄糖酸與D-葡萄糖酸-δ-內酯的混合物。
多羥基羧與對應的內酯的比率較佳為約100:1至約1:100,更佳為約50:1至約1:50,又更佳為約20:1至約1:20,
最佳為約5:1至約1:5。
以含水組合物之總體積計,賦形劑之濃度較佳為約1至約100毫克/毫升,更佳為約5至約50毫克/毫升,最佳為約15至約30毫克/毫升。
特別較佳的實施態樣
在一具體實施態樣中,本發明係關於一種含水組合物,包含:
(i)一下式之四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑:
其中R1和R3係獨立為或
其中m=1或2,X=CH2、NR7、N+R7R8或O(其中R7和R8係獨立為H或C1-C4烷基)以及R5=甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基、異丁基、三級丁基、乙烯基、烯丙基
或丁烯基,R2和R4係獨立為羥基或,其中R6為C1-C10
烷基,其限制條件為R2或R4之至少一者為;以及
(ii)一賦形劑,選自式HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]n-COOH之多羥基酸、該多羥基酸之分子內的內酯及其混合物,其中n為1至8之整
數。
在一進一步之具體實施態樣中,本發明係關於一含水組合物,包含:(i)一羅庫銨鹽;以及(ii)一賦形劑,選自式HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]n-COOH之多羥基酸、該多羥基酸之分子內的內酯及其混合物,其中n為3至5之整數。
在另一具體實施態樣中,本發明係關於一種含水組合物,包含:
(i)一下式之四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑:
其中R1和R3係獨立為或
其中m=1或2,X=CH2、NR7、N+R7R8或O(其中R7和R8係獨立為H或C1-C4烷基)以及R5=甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基、異丁基、三級丁基、乙烯基、烯丙基
或丁烯基,R2和R4係獨立為羥基或,其中R6為C1-C10
烷基,其限制條件為R2或R4之至少一者為;以及
(ii)一賦形劑,選自D-葡萄糖酸、D-葡萄糖酸之分子內的內酯,較佳為D-葡萄糖酸-δ-內酯,及其混合物。
在另一具體實施態樣中,本發明係關於一種含水組合物,包含:(i)一羅庫銨鹽;以及(ii)一賦形劑,選自D-葡萄糖酸、D-葡萄糖酸之分子內的內酯,較佳為D-葡萄糖酸-δ-內酯,及其混合物。
溶劑
本發明之含水組合物的主要溶劑是水。也可以含有除了水以外之另外的共溶劑。
用於非口服投與之合適的共溶劑為苯甲酸芐酯、乙醇、甘油、醇類如丙二醇和聚乙二醇(特別是聚乙二醇(PEG)300和聚乙二醇3350)。
在一較佳具體實施態樣中,以溶劑之總量計,溶劑中水的量為至少50重量%,更佳至少80重量%,特別是至少95重量%。最佳地,水係存在於本發明之含水組合物中的唯一溶劑。
緩衝劑
此外,本發明之含水組合物係包含一視需要的緩衝劑。緩衝劑通常包含一弱酸及其共軛鹼或一弱鹼及其共軛酸。較佳地,本發明之緩衝劑係以下列為主的緩衝液:檸檬酸鹽、乙酸鹽、磷酸鹽或其組合。更佳地,本發明之緩沖劑係以檸檬酸鹽和乙酸鹽為主的緩衝液。
經發現,當將pH值調整為中性至酸性(較佳酸性如pH值低於7或低於6以下)時,可更進一步穩定本發明之含水組合物。較佳地,本發明之含水組合物的pH值係約2.0或更高至約7.0或更低,更佳係約3.0或更高至約5.0或更低,最佳係約3.8或更高至約4.0或更低。
本領域中具有通常知識者所知,組合物的pH值可經由加入合適的酸和鹼(如,例如乙酸和氫氧化鈉)而調整。
另外的賦形劑
可於本發明組合物中包含另外的本領域常用之醫藥上合適的賦形劑,包括油、防腐劑、增溶、懸浮、乳化或增稠劑、螯合劑、抗氧化劑和還原劑、抗微生物防腐劑、填充劑(bulking agent)、防護劑、等滲調節劑、和特殊的賦形劑等。較佳地,該賦形劑係適用於非口服投與。
合適的油例如花生(落花生)油、棉籽油、大豆油和芝麻油。
合適的增溶、懸浮、乳化或增稠劑例如阿拉伯樹膠(阿拉伯膠)、硬脂酸鋁、羧甲基纖維素(CMC)、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)、去氧膽酸鈉、卵磷脂、水解膠原蛋白、聚氧乙烯化脂肪酸、聚氧乙烯化蓖麻油、聚山梨醇酯80和聚山梨醇酯20、十二烷基硫酸鈉(SDS)和山梨醇。
合適的螯合劑例如各種EDTA鹽。
合適的抗氧化劑和還原劑例如抗壞血酸、亞硫酸
鈉、亞硫酸氫鈉、焦亞硫酸鈉、硫甘油、丁基羥基甲苯醚(butylated hydroxyanisol,BHA)、二丁基羥基甲苯(butylated hydroxytoluene,BHT)和半胱胺酸。
合適的防腐劑例如氯化烷基二甲基苄基銨(benzalkonium chloride)、芐索氯銨(benzethonium chloride)、芐醇、氯丁醇、對羥苯甲酸酯、苯酚、2-苯氧基乙醇和硫柳汞(thiomersal)(乙汞硫柳酸鈉(thimerosal))。
合適的填充劑、保護劑或等滲調節劑為,例如:鹽類,如氯化鈉、氯化鉀、硫酸鈉、氯化鎂、硫酸鎂和氯化鈣;胺基酸類,如丙胺酸、精胺酸、天冬醯胺、天門冬胺酸、甘胺酸和組胺酸和白蛋白;水解膠原蛋白;葡萄糖;蔗糖;甘露醇;肌醇;山梨醇;乳糖;檸檬酸;咪唑;聚乙二醇3350;聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)和聚山梨醇酯80。
特殊的賦形劑為,例如:γ-環糊精、氫氧化鋁、磷酸鋁、聚(乳酸)(PLA)、聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)(PLGA)、二氧化矽、鋅、魚精蛋白和糖精鈉。
較佳地,以總組合物計,另外的賦形劑的量一般係小於10重量%,更佳小於5重量%,特別是小於1重量%。
製備
本發明之組合物可容易地製備。
製造本發明之含水組合物之方法包含:
- 提供一四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑,其中該四級銨神經肌肉
阻斷劑可視需要經凍乾。
- 提供一賦形劑,選自具式HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]n-COOH(其中n為1至8之整數)之多羥基酸、該多羥基酸之分子內的內酯及其混合物,其中該賦形劑係視需要經凍乾。
- 混合該四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑與該賦形劑於水(較佳為注射用水)中,以得到一液體含水組合物(較佳為一溶液)。
關於四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑和賦形劑的較佳具體實施態樣,已詳細描述如上文。
凍乾係特別有用於保存非常敏感(特別是對溫度敏感)的四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑和賦形劑。
以含水組合物之總體積計,四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑的添佳濃度較佳係約1至約100毫克/毫升,更佳係約5至約50毫克/毫升,最佳係約5至約15毫克/毫升。賦形劑的添佳濃度較佳係約1至約100毫克/毫升,更佳係約5至約50毫克/毫升,最佳係約15至約30毫克/毫升。
四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑與賦形劑之重量比較佳係約0.5:1至約1:5,更佳係約1:1至約1:4,最佳係約1:2至約1:3。
視需要可添加一如檸檬酸鈉和乙酸鈉之混合物的緩衝劑。以含水組合物之總體積計,緩衝液之濃度較佳係約0.5至約50毫克/毫升,更佳係約1至約25毫克/毫升,最佳係約5至約10毫克/毫升。較佳係將組合物的pH值調整為約2.0或更高至約7.0或更
低,更佳係約3.0或更高至約5.0或更低,最佳係約3.8或更高至約4.0或更低。組合物的pH值可以經由加入合適的酸和鹼如乙酸和氫氧化鈉而調整。
此外,可視需要地調整組合物的滲透壓。例如,可經由調整賦形劑的濃度及/或經由加入另外的等滲劑如氯化鈉來進行該調整。含水組合物之滲透壓的較佳範圍係約270至約340毫滲莫耳/公斤(mOsm/kg),更佳範圍係約285至約315毫滲莫耳/公斤(mOsm/kg)。
在組合物製備期間之溫度較佳係約5至約50℃,更佳係約15至約50℃,及更佳係約18至約30℃。
特別佳的具體實施態樣
在一特別佳的具體實施態樣中,製造本發明之含水組合物之方法包含:
- 提供下式之四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑:
其中R1和R3係獨立為或
其中m=1或2,X=CH2、NR7、N+R7R8或O(其中R7和R8係獨立為H或C1-C4烷基)以及R5=甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基、異丁基、三級丁基、乙烯基、烯丙基或丁烯基,
R2和R4係獨立為羥基或,其中R6為C1-C10烷基,其限制
條件為R2或R4之至少一者為
- 提供一賦形劑,選自具式HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]n-COOH(其中n為3至5之整數)之多羥基酸、該多羥基酸之分子內的內酯及其混合物,- 混合該四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑與該賦形劑於注射用水中,以得到一液體含水組合物(較佳為一溶液),其中以含水組合物之總組合物計,該四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑之濃度為約1至約100毫克/毫升,及該賦形劑之濃度為約1至約100毫克/毫升。
在一另外的具體實施態樣中,製造本發明之含水組合物之方法係包含:- 提供下式之四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑:
其中R1和R3係獨立為或
其中m=1或2,X=CH2、NR7、N+R7R8或O(其中R7和R8係獨立為H或C1-C4烷基)以及R5=甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基、異丁基、三級丁基、乙烯基、烯丙基或丁烯基,
R2和R4係獨立為羥基或,其中R6為C1-C10烷基,其限制
條件為R2或R4之至少一者為
- 提供一賦形劑,選自D-葡萄糖酸、D-葡萄糖酸之分子內的內酯,較佳為D-葡萄糖酸-δ-內酯,及其混合物;- 混合該四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑與該賦形劑於注射用水中,以得到一液體含水組合物(較佳為一溶液),其中以含水組合物之總體積計,該四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑之濃度為約1至約100毫克/毫升,及該賦形劑之濃度為約5至約50毫克/毫升。
在另一具體實施態樣中,製造本發明之含水組合物之方法包含:- 提供一羅庫銨鹽;- 提供一賦形劑,選自具式HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]n-COOH(其中n為3至5之整數)之多羥基酸、該多羥基酸之分子內的內酯及其混合物;- 混合該羅庫銨鹽與該賦形劑於注射用水中,以得到一液體含水組合物(較佳為一溶液),其中以含水組合物之總體積計,該羅庫銨鹽之濃度為約5至約50毫克/毫升,及該賦形劑之濃度為約1至約100毫克/毫升。
在一較佳具體實施態樣中,製造本發明之含水組合物之方法包含:
- 提供一羅庫銨鹽;- 提供一賦形劑,選自D-葡萄糖酸、D-葡萄糖酸之分子內的內酯,較佳為D-葡萄糖酸-δ-內酯,及其混合物;- 混合該羅庫銨鹽與該賦形劑於注射用水中,以得到一液體含水組合物(較佳為一溶液),其中以含水組合物之總體積計,該羅庫銨鹽之濃度為約5至約50毫克/毫升,及該賦形劑之濃度為約5至約50毫克/毫升。
醫藥組合物
本發明之含水組合物係適合用作為醫藥組合物。因此,本發明之另外的具體實施態樣係關於一種液體醫藥組合物,包含本發明之含水組合物或由其所組成。對於醫藥的應用,本發明之含水組合物較佳係一溶液且可注射的,且特別是該醫藥組合物可經非口服投與。此外,該含水組合物之滲透壓較佳為約270至約340毫滲莫耳/公斤,更佳地,該含水組合物之滲透壓為約285至約315毫滲莫耳/公斤。
可將醫藥組合物用於麻醉,特別是用於骨骼肌肉的鬆弛,例如在手術或機械式呼吸輔助(Mechanical ventilation)期間或便利氣管內插管法(endotracheal intubation)所需要的麻醉。然而,由於病患在肌肉完全放鬆之後仍察覺得到疼痛,故應給予該病患全身麻醉及/或止痛,以防止麻醉清醒(anesthesia awareness)。
在一特別較佳具體實施態樣中,本發明係關於一種
用於非口服投與之液體醫藥組合物,包含:5至20毫克/毫升之羅庫銨、15至35毫克/毫升之包含D-葡萄糖酸及其各自的內酯的混合物、以及1至10毫克/毫升之包含乙酸鹽和檸檬酸鹽的緩衝劑(以該液體組合物(於水中)之總體積計),其中組合物之pH範圍係3.8至4.0,以及滲透壓範圍係285至315毫滲莫耳/公斤。
該醫藥組合物可經例如注射或輸液投與。
此外,本發明之含水組合物可以是醫用套組之一部分,該醫用套組係可立即供臨床使用。該套組通常包含二或多種含有供料的隔室,且視需要地,包含供直接臨床使用之設備。本發明之套組可包含例如額外的相關用藥,如額外的麻醉劑、全身性麻醉劑、局部性麻醉劑、鎮定劑、安眠藥及/或鎮痛劑。
容器
本發明之含水組合物可被包含在一容器中,該容器係由玻璃或有機聚合物如聚乙烯及/或聚丙烯(其對氧為可滲透的)製成。如由有機聚合物製成之小瓶或安瓿的容器係有利的,此乃由於它們不易破裂且容易處理。較佳地,該有機聚合物對氧為半滲透性的。
容器較佳係不含聚氯乙烯(PVC)、雙-(2-乙基己基)鄰苯二甲酸酯(DEHP)及乳膠(天然橡膠)。合適的容器例如可以商品名為Mini-Plasco®(柏藍麥桑根公司,德國)取得者。
實施例
材料:
下列材料係從供應商購得且在收到該材料時沒有做任何額外的處理即使用:羅庫溴銨:Farmahispania SA,西班牙,注射級,乙酸鈉.3H2O:Verdugt B.V.,德國,氫氧化鈉:1莫耳/升(1N)SV,PANREAC QUIMICA S.L.U.,西班牙
乙酸(冰醋酸):(Reag.Ph.Eur.)PA-ACS-ISO,PANREAC QUIMICA S.L.U,西班牙,氯化鈉:Esco France S.A.S.,法國,D-葡萄糖一水合物:Cargill S.L.U.,西班牙,D-甘露醇:Roquette,S.A.,法國,D-(+)-葡萄糖酸-δ-內酯:Sigma-Aldrich Quimica SA,西班牙,甘油磷酸鈉.5H2O:Dr.Paul Lohmann GmbH KG,德國,L-絲胺酸:99%PS,PANREAC QUIMICA S.L.U.,西班牙,甘胺酸:(RFE,USP,BP,Ph.Eur.)PRS-CODEX,PANREAC QUIMICA S.L.U.,西班牙,羥乙基澱粉(HES):BBraun Crissier(瑞士),莫耳取代度為0.55,平均分子量(Mn)為70,000,C2/C6比為2至7。
Solutol®HS15和Kollidon®12PF,獲自BASF(德國)。
增溶劑Solutol®HS15(聚乙二醇660-12-羥基硬酯酸酯)係一非離子型的界面活性劑,從12-羥基硬脂酸和環氧乙烷產生。
Kollidon®12PF係包含可溶的聚乙烯吡咯啶酮。
注射用水(WFI)係從BBraun Rubí(西班牙)得到。
實施例1
羅庫銨之水解(48天,40℃/55℃)
在含羅庫溴銨(10毫克/毫升)之20毫升無色玻璃小瓶中,將賦形劑(見表1)和乙酸鈉.3H2O(2.0毫克/毫升)溶解於水中。在情況HES中,Solutol®和Kollidon®0.33%的氯化鈉已被加入該溶液作為等滲劑。經由添加乙酸(50%體積/體積)或氫氧化鈉(1.0M)將該溶液的pH值調整到4.0。然後使用過度滅菌周期(overkill sterilization cycle)(121℃,15分鐘)對配方進行高壓滅菌。然後將樣本儲存於40±2℃和55±3℃之一穩定腔室中並在6、17、33和48天後分析該配方。基於溶液外觀、pH值、滲透壓、羅庫銨之含量及其各自的水解產物(Des-17-乙醯基-羅庫銨),其經由HPLC測定(適用於羅庫溴銨之方法,British Pharmacopoeia 2008),而進行該等溶液之穩定性的評估。
48天研究之相對穩定性結果係顯示於表1。
儲存壽命評估(25℃)
基於從羅庫溴銨之48天水解研究的數據而產生阿瑞尼士模型(Arrhenius model),從而評估樣本在25℃的儲存壽命期間(10%效力損失)(見表2)。
由特徵動力曲線進行儲存壽命之近似評估。實驗係測量當水解反應進行時之羅庫銨的濃度變化。此方法係一近似法,所以實驗數據具有隨機誤差,而且在首次篩選中,配方在幾個溫度下並未被研究。
使用時間對羅庫銨濃度之散佈圖、經由動力零級反應,以及使用時間對羅庫銨濃度之自然對數的散佈圖、經由動力一級反應及它們的積分速率方程式,來測定在各個溫度下的速率常數。
可能從阿瑞尼士圖決定A與E的值。透過這些參數,
可能使用阿瑞尼士方程式而推斷在任何溫度下的速率常數。
一旦獲得在所需的溫度(如25℃)時的速率常數,就可透過各自的動力反應級數來評估儲存壽命。
實施例2
羅庫銨之水解(9週,55℃)
在含羅庫溴銨(10毫克/毫升)之5毫升Mini-Plasco®小瓶中,將賦形劑(見表3)和乙酸鈉.3H2O(2.0毫克/毫升)溶解於水中。經由添加乙酸(50體積/體積%)或氫氧化鈉(1.0M)調整該溶液的pH值。然後使用對其類型最佳化的週期對配方進行高壓滅菌並放入溫度為55±3℃的穩定腔室中。在7、18、20、32、33、46、47和61天後分析該配方。基於溶液外觀、pH值、滲透壓、羅
庫銨之含量及其各自的水解產物(Des-17-乙醯基-羅庫銨),其經由HPLC測定(適用於羅庫溴銨之方法,British Pharmacopoeia 2008),而進行該等溶液之穩定性的評估。
經由HPLC測定的獨立樣本中之水解羅庫銨(Des-17-乙醯基-羅庫銨)的濃度係顯示於第1圖中。從第1圖可明顯看出,含有D-葡萄糖酸-δ-內酯之羅庫銨溶液係顯著地比含有其他賦形劑之溶液更穩定的對抗水解。
實施例3
在相同的濃度水平下比較常用的賦形劑甘露醇與D-葡萄糖酸-δ-內酯:在含羅庫溴銨(10毫克/毫升)之10毫升Mini-Plasco®小瓶中,將賦形劑(見表4)和乙酸鈉.3H2O(2.0毫克/毫升)溶解於水中。然後使用對其類型最佳化的週期對配方進行高壓滅菌並
放入溫度為25±2℃/60±5% R.H、40±2℃/75±5% R.H和55±3℃的穩定腔室中。在0、7、19和33天後分析該配方。基於溶液外觀、pH值、滲透壓、羅庫銨之含量及其各自的水解產物(Des-17-乙醯基-羅庫銨),其經由HPLC測定(適用於羅庫溴銨之方法,British Pharmacopoeia 2008),而進行該等溶液之穩定性的評估。
經由HPLC測定的獨立樣本中之水解羅庫銨(Des-17-乙醯基-羅庫銨)的濃度係顯示於第2圖中。從第2圖可明顯看出,含有D-葡萄糖酸-δ-內酯之羅庫銨溶液係顯著地比含有甘露醇之溶液更穩定的對抗水解。
Claims (15)
- 一種含水組合物,包含:(i)一四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑;以及(ii)一賦形劑,選自具式HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]n-COOH之多羥基酸(polyhydroxy acid)、該多羥基酸之分子內的內酯及其混合物,其中n為1至8之整數。
- 如請求項1所述之含水組合物,其中該四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑為下式化合物:
其中R1和R3係獨立選自三級胺及四級銨基團,較佳地,R1和R3係獨立選自環狀三級胺及環狀四級銨基團,其中該環係視需要進一步含有選自氮、氧及硫之一或多個雜原子,更佳地,R1和R3為下式取代基之一者: 其中m為1至5之整數,X=CH2、NR7、N+R7R8、O或S(其中R7和R8係獨立為H或C1-C4烷基,較佳為H或甲基)以及R5=C1-C10烷基或C2-C10烯基;較佳地,m=1或2,X=CH2、NR7、N+R7R8或O(其中R7和R8係獨立為H或C1-C4烷基)以及R5=甲基、乙基、 正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基、異丁基、三級丁基、乙 烯基、烯丙基或丁烯基;R2和R4係獨立選自羥基及 其中R6為C1-C10烷基,其限制條件為R2或R4之至少一者為 - 如請求項1或2所述之含水組合物,其中該四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑為羅庫銨鹽(Rocuronium salt)且該賦形劑為D-葡萄糖酸、D-葡萄糖酸之分子內的內酯,較佳為D-葡萄糖酸-δ-內酯、或其混合物。
- 如請求項1至3所述之含水組合物,其中該賦形劑為D-葡萄糖酸及其分子內的內酯之混合物,較佳為D-葡萄糖酸-δ-內酯。
- 如請求項1至3所述之含水組合物,更包含一緩衝劑,其中該緩衝劑較佳為選自以檸檬酸鹽、乙酸鹽、磷酸鹽及其組合為主的緩衝液,較佳為以檸檬酸鹽和乙酸鹽為主的緩衝液。
- 一種液體醫藥組合物,包含如請求項1至5所述之含水組合物或由其所組成。
- 如請求項6所述之液體醫藥組合物,係用於麻醉或作為肌肉鬆弛劑。
- 一種製造如請求項1至5中任一項所述之含水組合物之方法,包含下列步驟:a)提供一四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑,其中該四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑係視需要經凍乾, b)提供一賦形劑,選自具式HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]n-COOH之多羥基酸、該多羥基酸之分子內的內酯及其混合物,其中n為1至8之整數,其中該賦形劑係視需要經凍乾,c)混合該步驟a)之四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑與該步驟b)之賦形劑於水中,以得到一含水組合物。
- 如請求項8所述之方法,其中以該含水組合物之總體積計,該四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑之濃度範圍為1至100毫克/毫升,較佳為5至50毫克/毫升,最佳為5至15毫克/毫升,且該賦形劑之濃度範圍為1至100毫克/毫升,較佳為5至50毫克/毫升,最佳為15至30毫克/毫升。
- 如請求項8或9所述之方法,更包含:- 添加一緩衝劑,較佳為以檸檬酸鹽和乙酸鹽為主的緩衝液,- 調整該含水組合物之pH值,其範圍較佳為2.0至7.0,更佳為3.0至5.0,最佳為3.8至4.0,以及- 視需要地,調整該含水組合物之滲透壓,其範圍較佳為270至340毫滲莫耳/公斤(mOsm/kg),更佳為285至315毫滲莫耳/公斤。
- 如請求項8至10所述之方法,其中該四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑為羅庫銨鹽且該賦形劑為D-葡萄糖酸-δ-內酯。
- 一種使用式HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]n-COOH多羥基羧酸、該多羥基酸之分子內的內酯或其混合物於穩定包含一四級銨神經肌肉阻斷劑之含水組合物之用途,其中n為1至8之整數。
- 如請求項12所述之用途,其中使用於穩定包含一羅庫銨鹽之該含水組合物為D-葡萄糖酸、D-葡萄糖酸之分子內的內酯,較佳為D-葡萄糖酸-δ-內酯或其混合物。
- 一種容器,含有如請求項1至5中任一項或請求項6或7所述之組合物,其中該容器較佳係由有機聚合物或玻璃製成,更佳係由半通透塑料(semipermeable plastic)聚烯烴製成,又更佳係由聚乙烯、聚丙烯或其混合物製成。
- 一種套組,包含如請求項1至5中任一項或請求項6或7所述之組合物,其中該套組視需要更包含一額外的麻痺劑、全身性麻醉劑、局部性麻醉劑、鎮定劑、安眠藥及/或鎮痛劑。
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| CA2605138A1 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2006-10-26 | Lyotropic Therapeutics, Inc. | Formulations of quaternary ammonium neuromuscular blocking agents |
| CN1864667B (zh) * | 2006-06-02 | 2010-10-06 | 重庆医药工业研究院有限责任公司 | 一种稳定的罗库溴铵冻干制剂及其制备方法 |
| KR101403105B1 (ko) | 2006-10-31 | 2014-06-09 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 귀환 데이터 전송 방법, 귀환 데이터 생성 방법 및 데이터스케줄링 방법 |
| WO2008065142A1 (en) | 2006-11-29 | 2008-06-05 | N.V. Organon | Stabilized solution of rocuronium comprising a sulfoalkyl-ether-beta-cyclodextrin derivative |
| JP2010516717A (ja) * | 2007-01-22 | 2010-05-20 | プリヴァ−ラケマ,エー.エス. | アルコール性糖ベースのバッファーを有するオキサリプラチン薬学的組成物 |
| CZ300664B6 (cs) * | 2007-01-22 | 2009-07-15 | Pliva-Lachema A. S. | Sterilní kapalná farmaceutická kompozice a zpusob její výroby |
| KR101024742B1 (ko) * | 2007-12-31 | 2011-03-24 | 주식회사 삼양사 | 탁산 함유 양친성 블록 공중합체 미셀 조성물 및 그 제조방법 |
| US20100082749A1 (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2010-04-01 | Yahoo! Inc | Retrospective spam filtering |
| CN101653412B (zh) * | 2009-09-15 | 2014-06-25 | 尹双保 | 一种稳定的罗库溴铵注射液 |
| EP2521711B1 (en) | 2010-01-07 | 2017-08-16 | Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited | Quaternary ammonium salt prodrugs |
| EP2462913A1 (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-13 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH | Insert and vial for the infusion of liquids |
-
2012
- 2012-09-27 EP EP12186393.0A patent/EP2712611A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2013
- 2013-09-19 CA CA2878714A patent/CA2878714C/en active Active
- 2013-09-19 PT PT137665014T patent/PT2900216T/pt unknown
- 2013-09-19 KR KR1020157007764A patent/KR102138392B1/ko active Active
- 2013-09-19 BR BR112015000688-4A patent/BR112015000688B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2013-09-19 ES ES13766501.4T patent/ES2628076T3/es active Active
- 2013-09-19 AU AU2013322897A patent/AU2013322897B2/en active Active
- 2013-09-19 EP EP13766501.4A patent/EP2900216B1/en active Active
- 2013-09-19 JP JP2015533539A patent/JP6347784B2/ja active Active
- 2013-09-19 RU RU2015115430A patent/RU2695226C2/ru active
- 2013-09-19 PL PL13766501T patent/PL2900216T3/pl unknown
- 2013-09-19 MX MX2015004056A patent/MX356212B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2013-09-19 CN CN201380042469.5A patent/CN104519872B/zh active Active
- 2013-09-19 RS RS20170581A patent/RS56060B1/sr unknown
- 2013-09-19 US US14/420,684 patent/US20150216979A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-09-19 WO PCT/EP2013/069507 patent/WO2014048836A1/en not_active Ceased
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- 2014-12-05 ZA ZA2014/08945A patent/ZA201408945B/en unknown
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2017
- 2017-06-02 CY CY20171100585T patent/CY1119086T1/el unknown
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2019
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2014048836A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
| IL236042A0 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
| EP2900216B1 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
| AU2013322897A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
| CN104519872A (zh) | 2015-04-15 |
| EP2712611A1 (en) | 2014-04-02 |
| BR112015000688B1 (pt) | 2022-02-15 |
| PL2900216T3 (pl) | 2017-10-31 |
| US20200000925A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 |
| RU2695226C2 (ru) | 2019-07-22 |
| CY1119086T1 (el) | 2018-01-10 |
| US11998605B2 (en) | 2024-06-04 |
| BR112015000688A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
| EP2900216A1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
| CN104519872B (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
| US20150216979A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
| TWI595876B (zh) | 2017-08-21 |
| RU2015115430A (ru) | 2016-11-20 |
| ZA201408945B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
| RS56060B1 (sr) | 2017-10-31 |
| AU2013322897B2 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
| CA2878714A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
| IL236042A (en) | 2017-06-29 |
| HK1205694A1 (zh) | 2015-12-24 |
| MX356212B (es) | 2018-05-18 |
| JP6347784B2 (ja) | 2018-06-27 |
| CA2878714C (en) | 2021-04-27 |
| KR102138392B1 (ko) | 2020-07-28 |
| MX2015004056A (es) | 2015-07-06 |
| KR20150058259A (ko) | 2015-05-28 |
| JP2015531359A (ja) | 2015-11-02 |
| PT2900216T (pt) | 2017-06-23 |
| ES2628076T3 (es) | 2017-08-01 |
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