TW201713334A - 小蘗鹼製劑之治療用途 - Google Patents
小蘗鹼製劑之治療用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201713334A TW201713334A TW105120086A TW105120086A TW201713334A TW 201713334 A TW201713334 A TW 201713334A TW 105120086 A TW105120086 A TW 105120086A TW 105120086 A TW105120086 A TW 105120086A TW 201713334 A TW201713334 A TW 201713334A
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Abstract
一種用於治療皮膚毒性及其他皮膚疾病之包含小蘗鹼的醫藥組合物的用途。
Description
紅臉相關皮膚疾病,包括玫瑰斑(rosacea)、痤瘡(acne vulgaris)、脂漏性皮膚炎(seborrheic dermatitis)、光照性皮膚炎(photodermatitis)、及接觸性皮膚炎(contact dermatitis),皆有相似的病癥及共同可能的病因。這些紅臉相關症狀可包括熱及敏感的感覺、甚至具強烈敏感度的潮紅(flushing)或灼熱感。患有紅臉相關皮膚疾病的病患通常對環境及外部因素有極端的敏感性。類固醇引起的類玫瑰斑皮膚炎(或類固醇玫瑰斑)是有或沒有毛細管擴張之紅斑性及水腫的丘疹狀或膿疱性病變,其係由長時間外部施用類固醇至臉部所造成,或是在中止施用外用性類固醇後的復發症狀。
皮膚毒性(dermatologic toxicities)為已知與標靶治療或免疫治療有關的皮膚不良反應,且與紅臉相關皮膚疾病有類似的症狀及可能病因。標靶治療如表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)抑制劑、多重酪氨酸激酶(MTK)抑制劑、絲裂原活化蛋白激酶/胞外訊息調節激酶(MEK)抑制劑、磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制劑、蛋白質激酶B(AKT)抑制劑、BRAF抑制劑、人類表皮生長因子第二型受體(HER2)抑制劑、多激酶血管新生抑制劑、哺乳動物細胞之雷帕霉素標的(mTOR)之抑制劑、間變性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)/c-met抑制劑、多激酶Abl抑制劑、Bruton酪氨酸激酶(BTK)抑制劑、組蛋白去乙醯基酶(HDAC)抑制劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑、以及視黃酸(retinoid)X受體(RXR)促效劑;免疫治療如癌症疫苗、細胞激素試劑(如顆粒性細胞-巨噬細胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、干擾素及介白素-2(IL-2))、細胞治療(如腫瘤浸潤淋巴細胞(TILs)、T細胞受體修飾之外周血淋巴细胞(TCR-engineered PBL)、以及嵌合抗原受體修飾之外周血淋巴细胞(CAR-engineered PBL))、免疫檢查站蛋白質抑制劑(如PD-1、PD-L1、CTLA-4、TIM-3、LAG-3、BTLA、VISTA及TIGIT)、以及免疫檢查站蛋白質刺激劑(如CD28、ICOS、4-1BB、OX40、BITR、CD27、TWEAKR、HVEM、TIM-1及CD-40);或以上任一種治療方式的組合,皆會引起毒性,包括丘膿皰性疹、斑丘疹、紅疹、毛細管擴張潮紅、甲溝炎及裂傷、毛髮改變、乾燥症、黏膜炎、搔癢病、以及手足皮膚反應(hand-foot skin reaction),其會發生在超過90%的患者身上,且也會被如金黃色葡萄球菌的細菌重複感染(Wollenberg, Kroth等人,Cutaneous side effects of EGFR inhibitors-appearance and management,Dtsch Med Wochenschr
2010; Lacouture, Maitland等人,A proposed EGFR inhibitor dermatologic adverse event-specific grading scale from the MASCC skin toxicity study group,Support Care Cancer
2010;Curry, Torres-Cabala等人,Dermatologic toxicities to targeted cancer therapy: shared clinical and histologic adverse skin reactions,International Journal of Dermatology
2014;Jeffrey S. Weber等人,Toxicities of Immunotherapy for the Practitioner,Journal of Clinical Oncology
,Vol. 33,2015;Grace K. Dy及Alex A. Adjei,Understanding, Recognizing, and Managing Toxicities of Targeted Anticancer Therapies,CA Cancer J Clin
, Vol. 63,2013;Ahmad Tarhini,Immune-Mediated Adverse Events Associated with lpilimumab CTLA-4 Blockade Therapy: The Underlying Mechanisms and Clinical Management,Scientifica
,2013;J Larkin等人,Combined Nivolumab and lpilimumab or Monotherapy in Untreated Melanoma,N. Engl. J. Med.
,Vol. 373,2015)。此類皮膚毒性的組織病理研究顯示發炎反應經常發生,且導致痤瘡性皮膚疹。丘膿皰性疹更經常發生在EGFR抑制劑治療,如西妥昔單抗(cetuximab)(83%的病患)及妥復克(afatinib)(90%的病患);及MEK抑制劑治療,如selumetinib(93%的病患)及trametinib(80%的病患)。斑丘疹較常發生在PI3K抑制劑的治療,如BKM-120(37%的病患),MK2206(52%的病患),免疫檢查站蛋白質抑制劑,如anti-CTLA-4抑制劑ipilimumab(33%的病患),anti-PD-1抑制劑nivolumab(26%的病患),或ipilimumab及nivolimumab的組合治療(超過40%的病患)。
小蘗鹼(天然黃18,5, 6-二氫-9,10-二甲氧基苯并(g)-1,3-苯并二氧戊環(5,6-a)喹啉鹽)為存在於藥用植物如黃連(coptidis rhizome)、黄柏、黃芩、冬青葉十大功勞(Mahonia aquifolium)、及小檗屬中的異喹啉生物鹼。已發現小蘗鹼及其衍生物具有抗微生物及抗瘧疾活性。其可對抗各種病原體,例如真菌、酵母菌、寄生生物、細菌及病毒。
小蘗鹼亦具有抗發炎作用,惟其確切機制仍為未知。
美國專利第6,440,465號係關於以潤滑劑為基底之葡萄糖胺的外用皮膚配方,其含有小蘗鹼且用於治療牛皮癬。美國專利申請案第2005/0158404號係關於一種營養品、飲食補充劑或醫藥組合物,其含有維他命A、維他命E、硒、維他命B6、鋅、鉻、以及藥草來源的小蘗鹼,以經口投藥方式來治療痤瘡。美國專利第6,974,799號係關於一種包含三肽(N-十六醯基-甘胺酸-組胺酸-離胺酸)及四肽(N-十六醯基-甘胺酸-麩醯胺酸-脯胺酸-精胺酸)的外用組合物,其係用來治療老化的外顯症狀,包括皺紋、肥胖纹、及黑眼圈。此配方可含有額外的成分,包括小蘗鹼。在這些發明中,小蘗鹼被包含作為許多成分之一者,且其濃度並未被具體指明。
美國專利申請案第2004/0146539號係關於外用營養組合物,具有瘦身及肌膚緊實的抗老化益處,可用於治療皮膚老化、皮膚皺紋、皮膚脫皮、痤瘡、玫瑰斑、及其他皮膚問題。此發明的組合物包括選自多種藥劑(包括小蘗鹼)的抗微生物藥劑。在此營養組合物中,小蘗鹼被包含作為許多成分之一者,且其濃度並未被具體指明。現已有用於治療牛皮癬之10%冬青葉十大功勞乳霜(RelievaTM
,Apollo Pharmaceutical Canada Inc),其含有0.1%小蘗鹼。
美國專利申請案第2012/0165357號揭露使用小蘗鹼治療各種紅臉相關皮膚疾病,但其未揭露任何特定之有效治療特定症狀的小蘗鹼配方。
因此,仍有需要發展新且有效的方法,以用於治療各種紅臉相關皮膚疾病,以及由標靶治療及/或免疫治療所引起的皮膚毒性。
本發明提供用於治療及/或預防紅臉相關皮膚疾病、以及由標靶治療及/或免疫治療所引起的皮膚毒性之醫藥組合物。所提供之配方為以乳霜為基底之配方(即乳霜)或以膠為基底之配方。
特定言之,本發明提供一種包含小蘗鹼的醫藥組合物,其中所述組合物是一種包含一水相及一油相的乳霜配方。
於一實施態樣中,小蘗鹼在所提供之乳霜配方中的濃度為0.01至10重量%(即,% w/w),較佳為0.01至0.3重量%,更佳為0.1至0.2重量%,尤其較佳為0.1至0.15重量%,最佳為約0.12重量%。
除非明白地另外定義,當本文以「重量%」之方式描述含量或濃度時,各成分之重量係以配方之總重計。
本發明之醫藥組合物可進一步包含一穿透促進劑。
於一實施態樣中,該穿透促進劑為一陰離子穿透促進劑。
於另一實施態樣中,該穿透促進劑包含Tween®
60及甘油。
於一實施態樣中,小蘗鹼為所提供配方中唯一的醫藥活性成分。
於一實施態樣中,本發明之醫藥組合物的pH值為約4至約7,較佳為約5.5。
於一較佳之實施態樣中,本發明提供一種包含小蘗鹼作為唯一醫藥活性成分的醫藥組合物,其中所述小蘗鹼之濃度為0.1至0.2重量%,其中所述組合物為包含一水相及一油相之乳霜配方,其中所述組合物包含一穿透促進劑、一防腐劑、及一穩定劑,且其中所述組合物之pH值為約4至約7。
於一更佳實施態樣中,本發明提供一種包含小蘗鹼作為唯一醫藥活性成分的醫藥組合物,其中所述小蘗鹼之濃度為約0.12重量%,其中所述組合物為包含一水相及一油相之乳霜配方,其中所述組合物包含一穿透促進劑、一防腐劑、及一穩定劑,且其中所述組合物之pH值為約5.5。
於另一實施態樣中,本發明提供一種包含小蘗鹼的醫藥組合物,其中所述組合物係以膠為基底的配方,其中所述組合物包含一陰離子穿透促進劑。
於一較佳實施態樣中,該陰離子穿透促進劑包含十二烷基硫酸鈉(SDS)。
於一實施態樣中,於本發明所提供之以膠為基底的醫藥組合物中,約90%之小蘗鹼的平均顆粒尺寸係小於10微米(μm)。
於另一實施態樣中,於本發明所提供之以膠為基底的醫藥組合物中,約50%之小蘗鹼的平均顆粒尺寸係小於4微米(μm)。
於一實施態樣中,小蘗鹼在所提供之以膠為基底的配方中的濃度為0.01至0.3重量%,較佳為0.1至0.2重量%,更佳為0.1至0.15重量%,最佳為約0.12重量%。
本發明亦提供一種本發明醫藥組合物於製備供治療或預防紅臉相關皮膚疾病之藥物的用途。
於一實施態樣中,所述紅臉相關皮膚疾病係選自以下群組:玫瑰斑、痤瘡、脂溢性皮膚炎、光照性皮膚炎、接觸性皮膚炎、類固醇引起的類玫瑰斑皮膚炎、以及表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)抑制劑引起的皮膚疾病。
本發明亦提供一種使用小蘗鹼及/或其生物相等類似物於製備供治療及/或預防由標靶治療及/或免疫治療所引起的皮膚毒性之藥物的用途。
於一較佳實施態樣中,該標靶治療包含以下治療方式:EGFR抑制劑、MTK抑制劑、MEK抑制劑、PI3K抑制劑、AKT抑制劑、BRAF抑制劑、HER2抑制劑、多激酶血管新生抑制劑、mTOR抑制劑、ALK/c-met抑制劑、多激酶Abl抑制劑、BTK抑制劑、HDAC抑制劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑、以及RXR促效劑。
於一較佳實施態樣中,該免疫治療包含以下治療方式:癌症疫苗、細胞激素試劑(如GM-CSF、干擾素及IL-2)、細胞治療(如TILs、TCR修飾之PBL、以及CAR修飾之PBL)、免疫檢查站蛋白質抑制劑(如PD-1、PD-L1、CTLA-4、TIM-3、LAG-3、BTLA、VISTA及TIGIT)、以及免疫檢查站蛋白質刺激劑(如CD28、ICOS、4-1BB、OX40、BITR、CD27、TWEAKR、HVEM、TIM-1及CD-40)。
於一較佳實施態樣中,係以外用醫藥組合物的形式給予病患小蘗鹼及/或其生物相等類似物。
對於進行治療的特定疾病而言,小蘗鹼可有效地穿透皮膚是很重要的。小蘗鹼係一親水性化合物(在辛醇-水系統中的分配係數為1.07),此使小蘗鹼難以穿透角質層(SC)以到達目標位置,例如紅臉相關皮膚疾病或標靶治療/免疫治療引起的皮膚毒性會發生的真皮層或表皮層。此外,小蘗鹼的溶解度相當好(溶解度為1.57毫克/毫升),因此會快速地釋放至目標細胞中,造成短暫的效果。
因此,本發明提供具改善小蘗鹼穿透率的醫藥組合物,其可用於治療及/或預防紅臉相關皮膚疾病,以及由標靶治療及/或免疫治療所引起的皮膚毒性。此所提供之配方為以乳霜為基底的配方(即乳霜)或以膠為基底的配方。
特定言之,本發明提供一種包含小蘗鹼的醫藥組合物,其中所述組合物為包含一水相及一油相的乳霜配方。
由於本發明的乳霜配方可促使小蘗鹼穿透皮膚,相對少量的小蘗鹼即足以達到所欲之治療效果。於一實施態樣中,小蘗鹼在所提供之乳霜配方中的濃度為0.01至10重量%,較佳為0.01至0.3重量%,更佳為0.1至0.2重量%,尤其較佳為0.1至0.15重量%,最佳為約0.12重量%,以配方之總重計。
本發明之醫藥組合物可進一步包含一穿透促進劑。
於一實施態樣中,該穿透促進劑係一陰離子穿透促進劑。例如,該陰離子穿透促進劑可包含十二烷基硫酸鈉(SDS)。
於另一實施態樣中,該穿透促進劑包含Tween®
60及甘油。本發明之乳霜配方較佳包含Tween®
60及甘油作為穿透促進劑。當於非乳霜配方中使用相同穿透促進劑時,其並無法改善穿透率,因此,Tween®
60及甘油對於以乳霜為基底之配方有獨特的影響。
於一實施態樣中,小蘗鹼為所提供之配方中唯一的醫藥活性成分。即使本發明所提供之配方中的成分為非用於治療由標靶治療或免疫治療所引起皮膚毒性之先前技術配方中的活性成分,若該成分的量不足以有效治療由標靶治療或免疫治療所引起的皮膚毒性,則其仍應視為本發明配方中之醫藥賦形劑。
於一實施態樣中,本發明之醫藥組合物的pH值為約4至約7,較佳為約5.5。
於一較佳實施態樣中,本發明提供一種包含小蘗鹼作為唯一醫藥活性成分的醫藥組合物,其中所述小蘗鹼的濃度為0.1至0.2重量%,其中所述組合物為包含一水相及一油相之乳霜配方,其中所述組合物包含一穿透促進劑、一防腐劑、及一穩定劑,且其中所述組合物之pH值為約4至約7。
於一更佳實施態樣中,本發明提供一種包含小蘗鹼作為唯一醫藥活性成分的醫藥組合物,其中所述小蘗鹼的濃度為約0.12重量%,其中所述組合物為包含一水相及一油相之乳霜配方,其中所述組合物包含一穿透促進劑、一防腐劑、及一穩定劑,且其中所述組合物之pH值為約5.5。
令人驚訝且無法預期地,相較於非乳霜小蘗鹼配方,本發明之乳霜配方具更優異之穿透率。
於另一實施態樣中,本發明提供一種包含小蘗鹼之醫藥組合物,其中所述組合物係以膠為基底的配方,其中所述組合物包含一陰離子穿透促進劑。
於一較佳實施態樣,該陰離子穿透促進劑包含十二烷基硫酸鈉(SDS)。添加十二烷基硫酸鈉作為陰離子穿透促進劑使所提供之以膠為基底的配方具疏水性(在辛醇-水系統中的分配係數為50.1),且大幅降低溶解度至約0.011毫克/毫升,使小蘗鹼可緩慢釋放至目標細胞,產生延長的釋放曲線。
於本發明中發現,在pH值為4至7時,小蘗鹼在十二烷基硫酸鈉存在下的溶解度為0.01至0.06毫克/毫升,亦即,比小蘗鹼水中溶解度(1.57毫克/毫升)低了25至150倍,且在pH值為5.5時,溶解度相對較低。
令人驚訝地發現,在所有經測試的穿透促進劑中(十二烷基硫酸鈉、甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇400(PEG 400)、乙醇及Tween®
),於以膠為基底的配方中添加十二烷基硫酸鈉產生促進效果最強的穿透率,且於真皮層及表皮層中增加小蘗鹼的局部濃度。
於一實施態樣中,在本發明所提供之以膠為基底的醫藥組合物中,約90%之小蘗鹼的平均顆粒尺寸為小於10微米。
於另一實施態樣中,在本發明所提供之以膠為基底的醫藥組合物中,約50%之小蘗鹼的平均顆粒尺寸為小於4微米。
令人驚訝地發現,於該以膠為基底的配方中,十二烷基硫酸鈉的量與穿透率之間呈正相關,且小蘗鹼的尺寸與穿透率之間呈負相關。
由於本發明以膠為基底的配方可促進小蘗鹼穿透皮膚,相對少量的小蘗鹼即足以達成所欲之治療效果。於一實施態樣中,小蘗鹼在所提供之以膠為基底的配方中的濃度為0.01至0.3重量%,較佳為0.1至0.2重量%,更佳為0.1至0.15重量%,最佳為約0.12重量%,以該配方之總重計。
本發明亦提供一種本發明醫藥組合物於製備供治療紅臉相關皮膚疾病之藥物的用途。
於一實施態樣中,所述紅臉相關皮膚疾病係選自以下群組:玫瑰斑、痤瘡、脂溢性皮膚炎、光照性皮膚炎、接觸性皮膚炎、類固醇引起的類玫瑰斑皮膚炎、以及表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)抑制劑引起的皮膚疾病。
本發明更提供一種本發明醫藥組合物於製備供治療及/或預防標靶治療及/或免疫治療引起的皮膚毒性之藥物的用途。
於一實施態樣中,所述標靶治療係選自以下群組:EGFR抑制劑、MTK抑制劑、MEK抑制劑、PI3K抑制劑、AKT抑制劑、BRAF抑制劑、HER2抑制劑、多激酶血管新生抑制劑、mTOR抑制劑、ALK/c-met抑制劑、多激酶Abl抑制劑、BTK抑制劑、HDAC抑制劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑、以及RXR促效劑。所述免疫治療係選自以下群組:癌症疫苗、細胞激素試劑(如GM-CSF、干擾素及IL-2)、細胞治療(如TILs、TCR修飾之PBL、以及CAR修飾之PBL)、免疫檢查站蛋白質抑制劑(如PD-1、PD-L1、CTLA-4、TIM-3、LAG-3、BTLA、VISTA及TIGIT)、以及免疫檢查站蛋白質刺激劑(如CD28、ICOS、4-1BB、OX40、BITR、CD27、TWEAKR、HVEM、TIM-1及CD-40)。所述標靶治療及/或免疫治療引起的皮膚毒性係選自以下群組:丘膿皰性疹、斑丘疹、紅疹、毛細管擴張潮紅、甲溝炎及裂傷、毛髮改變、乾燥症、黏膜炎、搔癢病、以及手足皮膚反應。
小蘗鹼於表皮層、真皮層與接收處(即於以下實施例中與皮膚組織接觸之經裝填有磷酸鹽緩衝液的容器)的濃度係由以下方式測量。Franz擴散裝置(Franz diffusion cell setup)實質上是由兩個夾子夾住一片皮膚組織所組成。將藥物施用於皮膚之一端(上方),並於該裝置的接收部分(下方)測量藥物濃度。
本文中之「穿透率」乙詞係指自施用配方至皮膚上一段時間後,小蘗鹼存在於每公克表皮層或真皮層組織中的量,或於接收處中存在於每平方公分皮膚之小蘗鹼的量。
於接收處所測得之藥物的量代表藥物穿透皮膚之角質層、表皮層及真皮層區域的總量。本發明之醫藥組合物具改善之穿透率,且較佳之穿透率的範圍如下: 表皮層:每公克組織0.4至4000微克小蘗鹼; 真皮層:每公克組織0.003至30微克小蘗鹼; 接收處:每平方公分之皮膚0.0001至1微克小蘗鹼。
下表1列舉各種可用於本發明組合物中的成分,惟此表僅供用於例示目的,而非用於限制本發明之範疇。此外,不同成分/賦形劑可有一個以上的功能,例如可作為穿透促進劑、乳化劑、及潤濕劑等。 表1
本文中「小蘗鹼」乙詞係指5,6-二氫-9,10-二甲氧基苯並(g)-1,3-苯並二氧(5,6-a)氫醌(5,6-dihydro-9, 10-dimethoxybenzo (g)-1, 3-benzodioxolo (5,6-a) quinolizium)。本發明亦使用小蘗鹼的類似物,包括但不限於:藥根鹼(jatrorrhizine)、巴馬亭、黃連鹼、9-去甲基小蘗鹼、9-去甲基巴馬亭、13-羥基小蘗鹼、小檗紅鹼(berberrubine)、黃藤素紅鹼(palmatrubine)、9-氧-乙基小檗紅鹼、9-氧-乙基-13-乙基小檗紅鹼、13-甲基二氫小蘗鹼 N-甲基鹽、四氫原小蘗鹼及其N-甲基鹽、9-月桂醯基小檗紅鹼氯鹽、及所有這些化合物的醫藥上可接受鹽類。
本文中「醫藥上可接受鹽類」乙詞包括酸或鹼基團的鹽類。醫藥上可接受鹽類的例子包括衍生自無機酸類者,例如氫氯酸、氫溴酸、硝酸、碳酸、單氫碳酸、磷酸、單氫磷酸、二氫磷酸、硫酸、單氫硫酸、氫碘酸、或亞磷酸等;以及衍生自相對較不具毒性的有機酸類的鹽類,例如乙酸、丙酸、異丁酸、順丁烯二酸、丙二酸、苯甲酸、琥珀酸、辛二酸、反丁烯二酸、苯乙醇酸、鄰苯二甲酸、苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸(包括對甲苯磺酸、間甲苯磺酸、及鄰甲苯磺酸)、檸檬酸、酒石酸、及甲磺酸等。亦包括胺基酸(例如精氨酸等)之鹽類,以及有機酸(例如葡萄醛酸或半乳糖醛酸等)的鹽類。
本文中「治療」乙詞包括抑制疾病或症狀、使病徵的嚴重性及/或頻率降低、消除病徵及/或病因、防止病徵及/或病因發生、減緩及/或改善病患症狀。因此,使用本發明組合物“治療”病患包括在易受影響的個體上防止特定的疾病;管理臨床上病徵性個體,以抑制或降低失調或疾病;維持現有狀態;及/或防止失調或疾病的進展。治療可包括預防、治療中或治癒。
本文中化合物及/或本發明醫藥組合物的「醫藥上有效量」乙詞係指化合物及/或組合物足以治療、抑制、減緩或防止各種不同紅臉相關皮膚疾病(包括但不限於由標靶治療或免疫治療所引起的皮膚毒性)的量(於任何醫藥治療上合理的有益/風險比率)。惟,應瞭解化合物及/或本發明組合物之每日總劑量係由醫師於合理之醫療判斷的範疇內來決定。任何特定病患的特定有效劑量程度係取決於不同因素,包括正進行治療的疾病及疾病的嚴重性、所使用特定化合物的活性、所使用的特定組合物、病患的年齡、體重、一般健康狀況、性別及飲食習慣、施用時間、施用途徑、所使用特定化合物的排泄速率、治療的持續時間、與所使用特定化合物結合使用或一致的藥物、及其他醫療領域中所熟知的類似因素。舉例言之,本領域技藝人士瞭解使組合物的起始劑量低於需要達成所欲治療效果的程度,並逐漸增加劑量直到達成所欲效果。
本發明醫藥組合物可更包含一醫藥上可接受載劑,且可為固體或液體形式,包括但不限於:錠劑、粉末、膠囊、微粒、溶液、懸浮液、酏劑、乳劑、膠、乳霜、貼片、或栓劑(包括直腸栓劑及尿道栓劑)。
本文中「醫藥上可接受載劑」乙詞係指一醫藥上可接受材料、組合物或載體,例如液體或固體填料、稀釋劑、賦形劑、溶劑或包封材料。醫藥上可接受載劑係與組合物中其他成分相容,並與施用方式相容,且不會對病患造成傷害。醫藥上可接受載劑可含水或不含水。醫藥上可接受載劑包括膠(gum)、澱粉、糖類、纖維素材料、及其混合物。可作為醫藥上可接受載劑之材料的例子包括,但不限於:(a)糖類,如乳糖、葡萄糖及蔗糖;(b)澱粉,如玉米澱粉及馬鈴薯澱粉;(c)纖維素及其衍生物,如羧甲基纖維素鈉、乙基纖維素、及醋酸織維素;(d)粉末黃蓍膠;(e)麥芽;(f)明膠;(g)滑石;(h)賦形劑,如可可脂及栓劑蠟;(i)油類,如花生油、棉籽油、紅花油、芝麻油、橄欖油、玉米油及黃豆油;(j)二醇類,如丙二醇;(k)多元醇類,如甘油、山梨醇、甘露醇、及聚乙二醇;(l)酯類,如油酸乙酯及月桂酸乙酯;(m)洋菜;(n)緩衝液,如氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鋁、硼酸、硼酸鈉、及磷酸緩衝液;(o)海藻酸;(p)無熱原水;(q)等滲壓鹽;(r)林格氏液(Ringer’s solution);(s)乙醇;(t)磷酸緩衝液溶液;及(u)其他適用於醫藥組合物之非毒性可相容物質。
本發明之組合物可以本領域所知之任何方式來施用,包括但不限於口服、鼻腔、注射、外用(topical)、經皮、或經直腸的施用途徑。較佳地,本發明組合物係適用於口服或外部投藥。舉例言之,組合物之活性成分可與適當之賦形劑一同調配,以製備錠劑、膠囊、微粒、片劑、菱劑、溶液、粉末或顆粒、懸浮液、硬膠囊或軟膠囊、貼片、及任何其他適合形式。
本發明亦提供一種小蘗鹼或其生物相等類似物於製備供治療及/或預防標靶治療及/或免疫治療引起的皮膚毒性之藥物的用途。
本發明更提供一種小蘗鹼或其生物相等類似物於製備供治療及/或預防標靶治療及/或免疫治療引起的皮膚毒性之藥物的用途,其中該藥物係包含小蘗鹼或其生物相等類似物之外用醫藥組合物。
於一實施態樣中,該外用醫藥組合物係呈以下形式:洗液、乳霜、軟膏、漿糊、膠、噴霧、懸浮液、乳液、泡沫、貼布、粉末或塗敷劑。
於一實施態樣中,該外用醫藥組合物包含至少0.02重量%,較佳約0.1至約2重量%之小蘗鹼或其生物相等類似物,以該組合物之總重計。
於一實施態樣中,小蘗鹼或其生物相等類似物係主要之醫藥上可接受活性成分。
於另一實施態樣中,小蘗鹼或其生物相等類似物係唯一的醫藥上可接受活性成分。
以下實施例例示本發明之部分態樣。惟該等實施例並非用以限制本發明。 實施例1 [小蘗鹼配方之小鼠皮膚穿透試驗]
比較以下6個小蘗鹼配方:C8、0.125%、0.3%、G22、G23及G24。 配方
製備如下配方: C8(以乳霜為基底之配方) 水相 小蘗鹼(0.12%)、Tween®
60(1%)、甘油(3%)、羥苯甲酸甲酯(0.1%)、羥苯甲酸丙酯(0.02%)、氫氧化鈉(調整pH值至5.5)、及乙二胺四乙酸(0.02%)。 油相 硬脂酸(7.5%)、菎麻油(8%)、白軟石蠟(6%)、及SPAN 60(2%)。 0.125%(以膠為基底之配方) 小蘗鹼(0.125%)、乙醇(2.5%)、甘油(10%)、苯氧乙醇(0.3%)、卡波姆。 0.3%(以膠為基底之配方) 小蘗鹼(0.3%)、丙二醇(9.25%)、PEG 400(5.03%)、羥苯甲酸甲酯(0.1%)、羥苯甲酸丙酯(0.02%)、氫氧化鈉(0.4%)、乙二胺四乙酸(0.02%)、卡波姆934P(1%)。 G22(以膠為基底之配方) 小蘗鹼(0.1%)、十二烷基硫酸鈉(0.086%)、甘油(10%)、Tween®
80(0.5%)、羥苯甲酸甲酯(0.1%)、羥苯甲酸丙酯(0.02%)、檸檬酸(0.033%)、檸檬酸鈉二水合物(0.115%)、氫氧化鈉、乙二胺四乙酸(0.02%)、卡波姆934P(0.3%)、HEC 250 HHX(1.2%)。顆粒尺寸分布:3.83/11.34/27.24(D10/D50/D90之格式,其中各值代表各別顆粒之百分率係在所載尺寸以下的大小,即,10%的顆粒係小於3.83,依此類推)。 G23(以膠為基底之配方) 小蘗鹼(0.1%)、十二烷基硫酸鈉(0.086%)、甘油(10%)、Tween®
80(0.5%)、羥苯甲酸甲酯(0.1%)、羥苯甲酸丙酯(0.02%)、檸檬酸(0.033%)、檸檬酸鈉二水合物(0.115%)、氫氧化鈉、乙二胺四乙酸(0.02%)、卡波姆934P(0.3%)、HEC 250 HHX(1.2%)。顆粒尺寸分布:1.45/2.85/9.30。 G24(以膠為基底之配方) 小蘗鹼(0.1%)、十二烷基硫酸鈉(0.043%)、甘油(10%)、Tween®
80(0.5%)、羥苯甲酸甲酯(0.1%)、羥苯甲酸丙酯(0.02%)、檸檬酸(0.033%)、檸檬酸鈉二水合物(0.115%)、氫氧化鈉、乙二胺四乙酸(0.02%)、卡波姆934P(0.3%)、HEC 250 HHX(1.2%)。顆粒尺寸分布:1.55/2.86/5.44。
G22、G23及G24配方之顆粒尺寸係以如下方式測定。
製備經純化的水,接著加入小蘗鹼氯鹽、Tween®
80、及十二烷基硫酸鈉(SDS)。於分散均勻後,微粒化(micronize)混合物。之後,以繞射分析儀測量顆粒尺寸。 試驗條件
經由頸椎脫位術犧牲小鼠。移除全厚度之側腹皮膚,並置於與接收處面(為0.01莫耳濃度之磷酸鹽緩衝液,pH 7.4、37o
C)相接觸的擴散單元上。以3至4毫升/小時之流速將緩衝液抽吸通過接收處隔室。將300微升配方添加至在供給隔室內之皮膚表面上。於第0、1、2、3、4、6、8、10、及12小時,收集接收處溶液,以用於高效能液相層析(HPLC)分析。自小蘗鹼氯鹽之穿透累積量對時間曲線之線性部分的斜率來計算皮膚通量(skin flux)。 結果
第1圖所示為所有6個經測試配方之小蘗鹼穿透累積量(奈克/平方公分)對時間的關係圖。如圖所示,相較於其他配方,C8(乳霜配方)及G23(以膠為基底之配方)的穿透率最高。此結果是無法預期的,因為理論上所有6個配方皆因小蘗鹼在水相中的相同物理特性而應以類似速率穿透皮膚。
第2圖所示為三個膠體懸浮液配方(G22、G23及G24)之小蘗鹼穿透累積量(奈克/平方公分)對時間的關係圖。如圖所示,穿透率係與穿透促進劑(SDS)的量成正比,但與小蘗鹼尺寸成反比。相較於D90大於10微米的G22,G23及G24的小蘗鹼D90尺寸小於10微米,且具有較高的穿透率。 實施例2 [小蘗鹼配方之迷你豬皮膚穿透試驗]
比較以下小蘗鹼配方:1) C8、G22及G23;及2) 0.125%、0.30%、及G23。
皮膚:以大於10千歐姆之電阻(Millicell-ERS,Millipore)將迷你豬(蘭嶼豬或李宋品系豬)之皮膚進行皮板解剖(dermatome)至700微米。 穿透試驗
將豬皮膚置於一經皮吸收擴散槽上,且皮膚側與接收處面相接觸,該接收處填注有磷酸鹽緩衝液(pH 7.4、37o
C)。將20微升配方添加至在供給隔室內之皮膚表面上。於8小時後,使用乾棉花棒移除皮膚表面上的殘留配方。在以配方處理的第12及24小時結束時,自經皮吸收擴散槽卸下皮膚,並再次以水浸濕的棉花棒仔細清理皮膚表面。採用角質層層撕法(tape-stripping)移除角質層。接著將皮膚置於玻璃盤上,並以60o
C水浴加熱90秒,使其分離成表皮層及真皮層。秤重並切碎經分離的表皮層與真皮層,並以0.5毫升稀釋劑(1% H3
PO4
:CH3
OH(1:1))進行萃取。以14,500轉/分鐘之轉速離心皮膚萃取物達20分鐘。以高效能液相層析儀測定接收處溶液及上清液中皮膚萃取物的小蘗鹼氯鹽的濃度。自皮膚中取回小蘗鹼氯鹽的回收率係藉由將已知量的小蘗鹼加入皮膚組織中,再以上述方式處理的方法來測定。 結果
表2摘要此試驗之結果 表2第 1 回合(比較 C8 、 G22 、 G23 )
12小時 表皮層 真皮層 接收處 (微克/克) (微克/克) (微克/平方公分) C8 6.15 0.22 0.069 G22 7.55 0.14 0.0625 G23 11.99 0.09 0.0025 24小時 表皮層 真皮層 接收處 (微克/克) (微克/克) (微克/平方公分) C8 14.675 0.2 0.029 G22 30.95 0.43 0.1905 G23 100.315 0.64 0.0285第 2 回合(比較 0.125% 、 0.30% 、 G23 )
12小時 表皮層 真皮層 接收處 (微克/克) (微克/克) (微克/平方公分) 0.125% 11.67 0.14 0 0.30% 22.09 0.41 0 G23 16.68 0.1 0 24小時 表皮層 真皮層 接收處 (微克/克) (微克/克) (微克/平方公分) 0.125% 18.74 0.19 0.01 0.30% 39.83 0.15 0 G23 35.75 0.27 0.009
迷你豬皮膚穿透實驗結果顯示:a)C8(乳霜配方)穿透率出乎預期地高;b)含有小蘗鹼顆粒之配方持續地釋放超過24小時(G22及G23對比C8、0.125%及0.3%);c)相較於C8(乳霜配方),G22及G23(含有小蘗鹼顆粒之配方)在24小時後保留較多的小蘗鹼於表皮層及真皮層中;d)相較於小蘗鹼在溶液中的配方,含有小蘗鹼顆粒的配方穿透率較高(G23對比0.3%);e)相較於0.3%配方,儘管G23僅含有0.1%小蘗鹼,但於24小時後,其在表皮層中保留大致相等量的小蘗鹼,而在真皮層中則保留較多的小蘗鹼;f)相較於其他穿透促進劑(乙醇及甘油於0.125%配方中;丙二醇及PEG 400於0.3%配方中),在G23中添加十二烷基硫酸鈉產生增強的穿透率,且於表皮層與真皮層中增加小蘗鹼的局部濃度。 實施例3 [經含有小蘗鹼之外用配方治療之病患的皮膚活組織切片]
受測對象為一位56歲的男性,其接受妥復克藥物(afatinib,一種表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)抑制劑),以治療非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)。於服用妥復克後,開始每日一次施用G23配方的外用膠至受試者的一側臉頰上,並於另一臉頰上塗敷膠體載體(即不含小蘗鹼的G23配方)。
在受試者完成二周的外部塗敷治療後,收集鼻唇溝(鼻子二側)的二側皮膚活組織切片。經由切開式活組織切片(incisional biopsy)取得1.0公分x0.5公分的皮膚樣本,並使用蘇木素-曙紅(H&E)染色進行組織處理。由受過訓練的皮膚病理學家進行評估。
蘇木素-曙紅染色結果(第3及4圖)顯示以G23治療的皮膚區域中,毛囊(follicular)結構保持完整,且沒有發炎細胞滲入(第3圖),但在以膠體載體處理的皮膚中,毛囊結構受損,大量發炎細胞滲入毛囊上皮的真皮層-表皮層交會處的毛囊周圍區域空泡變化(perifollicular region vacuolar change)(第4圖),顯現G23具有抗發炎效果的潛力,可用於治療與表皮生長因子受體抑制劑相關的皮膚毒性。 實施例4 [經含有小蘗鹼之外用配方治療之病患的臉部病變]
於4周的治療時間內,針對接受妥復克(EGFR抑制劑)治療之病患進行試驗,於其臉部一側施用G23配方,並於另一側施用膠體載體(不含小蘗鹼的G23配方)。施用G23配方與膠體載體於受試者之臉部一側,並以1:1的比例分配,一半受試者經施用G23配方於臉部左側(臉部右側施用膠體載體),另一半受試者經施用G23配方於臉部右側(臉部左側施用膠體載體)。於開始EGFR抑制劑治療一天之前或之後,受試者開始接受試驗藥物。每天一次於睡前施用試驗藥物至受試者之臉部一側。
每周評估一次受試者臉部病變(丘疹及膿疱)的數目,進行4周。如第5至7圖所示,可清楚觀察到經G23配方治療的那一側臉部的病變數目明顯低於臉部另一側,顯示小蘗鹼具有治療EGFR抑制劑或其他標靶治療或免疫治療所引起之皮膚毒性的潛力。
無。
第1圖所示為六種受測試之小蘗鹼配方之小蘗鹼累積穿透量(奈克/平方公分)對時間的關係圖。
第2圖所示為三種膠態懸浮體之小蘗鹼配方(G22、G23及G24)之小蘗鹼累積穿透量(奈克/平方公分)對時間的關係圖。
第3圖所示為雙側皮膚活組織切片的蘇木素及曙紅(H&E)染色圖,該切片係來自病患的鼻唇溝(nasolabial folds)部分,其接受EGFR抑制劑妥復克(afatinib)治療,且於其臉部一側外部施用G23膠體配方。
第4圖所示為雙側皮膚活組織切片的蘇木素及曙紅染色圖,該切片係來自病患的鼻唇溝部分,其接受EGFR抑制劑妥復克治療,且於其臉部另一側外部施用一膠體載體(不含小蘗鹼的G23配方)。
第5圖所示為接受妥復克治療之病患其丘疹數目對時間的關係圖,該病患於其臉部一側外部施用G23膠體配方,且於其臉部另一側外部施用一膠體載體(不含小蘗鹼的G23配方)。「*」標示代表P<0.05(依據Wilcoxon Signed Rank test)。
第6圖所示為接受妥復克治療之病患其膿疱數目對時間的關係圖,該病患於其臉部一側外部施用G23膠體配方,且於其臉部另一側外部施用一膠體載體(不含小蘗鹼的G23配方)。「*」標示代表P<0.05(依據Wilcoxon Signed Rank test)。
第7圖所示為接受妥復克治療之病患其丘疹及膿疱總數目對時間的關係圖,該病患於其臉部一側外部施用G23膠體配方,且於其臉部另一側外部施用一膠體載體(不含小蘗鹼的G23配方)。「*」標示代表P<0.05(依據Wilcoxon Signed Rank test)。
Claims (17)
- 一種使用小蘗鹼或其生物相等類似物於製備供治療及/或預防標靶治療及/或免疫治療引起的皮膚毒性之藥物的用途。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中該標靶治療係選自以下群組:EGFR抑制劑、MTK抑制劑、MEK抑制劑、PI3K抑制劑、AKT抑制劑、BRAF抑制劑、HER2抑制劑、多激酶血管新生抑制劑、mTOR抑制劑、ALK/c-met抑制劑、多激酶Abl抑制劑、BTK抑制劑、HDAC抑制劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑、以及RXR促效劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中該免疫治療係選自以下群組:癌症疫苗、細胞激素試劑、細胞治療、免疫檢查站蛋白質抑制劑、以及免疫檢查站蛋白質刺激劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中該皮膚毒性係選自以下群組:丘膿皰性疹、斑丘疹、紅疹、毛細管擴張潮紅、甲溝炎及裂傷、毛髮改變、乾燥症、黏膜炎、搔癢病、以及手足皮膚反應(hand-foot skin reaction)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中該小蘗鹼之生物相等類似物係選自以下群組:藥根鹼(jatrorrhizine)、巴馬亭、黃連鹼、9-去甲基小蘗鹼、9-去甲基巴馬亭、13-羥基小蘗鹼、小檗紅鹼(berberrubine)、黃藤素紅鹼(palmatrubine)、9-氧-乙基小檗紅鹼、9-氧-乙基-13-乙基小檗紅鹼、13-甲基二氫小蘗鹼 N-甲基鹽、四氫原小蘗鹼及其N-甲基鹽、及9-月桂醯基小檗紅鹼氯鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中該小蘗鹼之生物相等類似物係巴馬亭或黃連鹼。
- 一種小蘗鹼或其生物相等類似物於製備供治療及/或預防標靶治療及/或免疫治療引起的皮膚毒性之藥物的用途,其中該藥物係包含小蘗鹼或其生物相等類似物之外用醫藥組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之用途,其中該標靶治療係選自以下群組:EGFR抑制劑、MTK抑制劑、MEK抑制劑、PI3K抑制劑、AKT抑制劑、BRAF抑制劑、HER2抑制劑、多激酶血管新生抑制劑、mTOR抑制劑、ALK/c-met抑制劑、多激酶Abl抑制劑、BTK抑制劑、HDAC抑制劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑、以及RXR促效劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之用途,其中該免疫治療係選自以下群組:癌症疫苗、細胞激素試劑、細胞治療、免疫檢查站蛋白質抑制劑、以及免疫檢查站蛋白質刺激劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之用途,其中該皮膚毒性係選自以下群組:丘膿皰性疹、斑丘疹、紅疹、毛細管擴張潮紅、甲溝炎及裂傷、毛髮改變、乾燥症、黏膜炎、搔癢病、以及手足皮膚反應。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之用途,其中該小蘗鹼之生物相等類似物係選自以下群組:藥根鹼、巴馬亭、黃連鹼、9-去甲基小蘗鹼、9-去甲基巴馬亭、13-羥基小蘗鹼、小檗紅鹼、黃藤素紅鹼、9-氧-乙基小檗紅鹼、9-氧-乙基-13-乙基小檗紅鹼、13-甲基二氫小蘗鹼 N-甲基鹽、四氫原小蘗鹼及其N-甲基鹽、及9-月桂醯基小檗紅鹼氯鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之用途,其中該小蘗鹼之生物相等類似物係巴馬亭或黃連鹼。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之用途,其中該外用醫藥組合物包含至少0.02重量%之小蘗鹼或其生物相等類似物。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之用途,其中該外用醫藥組合物包含約0.1至約2重量%之小蘗鹼或其生物相等類似物。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之用途,其中所述小蘗鹼或其生物相等類似物係主要的醫藥上可接受活性成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之用途,其中所述小蘗鹼或其生物相等類似物係唯一的醫藥上可接受活性成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之用途,其中該外用醫藥組合物係呈以下形式:洗液、乳霜、軟膏、漿糊、膠、噴霧、懸浮液、乳液、泡沫、貼布、粉末或塗敷劑。
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| WO2019114705A1 (zh) | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-20 | 上海小午医药科技有限公司 | 一种用于预防或治疗与egfr被抑制相关疾病的方法 |
| CN111989095A (zh) | 2018-04-16 | 2020-11-24 | 上海岸阔医药科技有限公司 | 预防或治疗肿瘤疗法副作用的方法 |
| CN109999034A (zh) * | 2019-02-11 | 2019-07-12 | 浙江理工大学 | 肿瘤蛋白tnik激酶靶向天然小分子抑制剂及其应用 |
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| CN116370469A (zh) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-07-04 | 常州大学 | 四氢小檗碱类化合物对trpv3的抑制应用 |
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| EP3313520A4 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
| CN107921284A (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
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| HK1249068A1 (zh) | 2018-10-26 |
| IL256400A (en) | 2018-02-28 |
| RU2733743C2 (ru) | 2020-10-06 |
| EP3313520A1 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
| CA2990237A1 (en) | 2016-12-29 |
| RU2018102700A (ru) | 2019-07-25 |
| MX2018000262A (es) | 2018-03-08 |
| RU2018102700A3 (zh) | 2019-12-03 |
| AU2016282800A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
| WO2016210230A1 (en) | 2016-12-29 |
| BR112017027897A2 (pt) | 2018-08-28 |
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