TW201720467A - 腎上腺髓素之聚乙二醇基底前藥及其用途 - Google Patents
腎上腺髓素之聚乙二醇基底前藥及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係關於用於腎上腺髓素之新穎聚乙二醇(PEG)基底前藥,其製備方法,其用於治療及/或預防疾病之用途,及其用於製造供治療及/或預防疾病的藥劑之用途,尤其是心血管、水腫及/或發炎疾病。
Description
本發明係關於用於腎上腺髓素之新穎聚乙二醇(PEG)基底前藥,其製備方法,其用於治療及/或預防疾病之用途,及其用於生產藥劑供治療及/或預防疾病之用途,尤其是心血管、水腫及/或發炎疾病。
52胺基酸肽激素腎上腺髓素(ADM)是在腎上腺、肺、腎、心臟肌肉及其他器官中產生。ADM的血漿中濃度是在低微微莫耳濃度範圍。ADM是肽中與降鈣素(calcitonin)基因相關的肽(CGRP)家族之成員,且因此連接至雜二聚體G-蛋白質偶合的受體其包括CRLR與RAMP 2或3(類降鈣素-受體及受體活性改良的蛋白質2或3)。ADM受體的活化作用導致細胞內增加在帶有受體的細胞中的腺苷3',5'-環狀單磷酸酯(cAMP)。ADM受體是存在於幾乎全部器官的不同細胞種類中包括內皮細胞。ADM咸信是藉由中性肽鏈內切酶代謝且主要在ADM-受體高度表達
的肺中清除[回顧文獻參見Gibbons C.,Dackor R.,Dunworth W.,Fritz-Six K.,Caron K.M.,Mol Endocrinol 21(4),783-796(2007)]。
從文獻的實驗數據建議ADM參與許多功能角色,其中包括血壓調節、支氣管擴張、腎功能、激素分泌、細胞成長、分化、神經傳導、及免疫反應之調節。ADM還在內皮細胞增生與再生過程中扮演自分泌因子的重要角色[回顧文獻參見García M.A.,Martín-Santamaría S.,de Pascual-Teresa B.,Ramos A.,Julián M.,Martínez A.,Expert Opin Ther Targets, 10(2),303-317(2006)]。
從文獻中有廣泛的證據證明ADM是完整的內皮屏障功能所不可或缺,且在動物實驗的多種發炎情形中,投藥ADM至超越生理水平,展現強烈的抗水腫及抗發炎功能,包括敗血症、急性肺損傷及腸道的發炎[回顧文獻參見Temmesfeld-Wollbrück B.,Hocke A.C.,Suttorp N.,Hippenstiel S.,Thromb Haemost;98,944-951(2007)]。
ADM迄今在心血管適應症中進行的的臨床試驗具有可測量的血流動力學終點,例如肺動脈高血壓、高血壓、心臟衰竭及急性心肌梗塞。ADM在罹患上述情形的病人之數個研究中顯現血流動力學效應。但是,效應只持續短暫且在投藥結束後立即停止。此發現與ADM的已知藥物動力學情形有良好的相關性。其中的藥物動力學效應包括降低全身及肺動脈血壓並增加心臟輸出[Troughton R.W.,Lewis L.K.,Yandle T.G.,Richards A.M.,Nicholls M.G.,Hypertension, 36(4),588-93(2000);Nagaya N.,Kangawa K.,Peptides,.25(11),2013-8(2004);KataokaY.,
Miyazaki S.,Yasuda S.,Nagaya N.,Noguchi T.,Yamada N.,Morii I.,Kawamura A.,Doi K.,Miyatake K.,Tomoike H.,Kangawa K.,J Cardiovasc Pharmacol,56(4),413-9(2010)]。
綜上所述,根據許多在動物的實驗數據及在人類中增加ADM至超生理水平的第一個臨床試驗,可視為在人類及動物中治療多種疾病情形之目標機制。但是,使用ADM作為醫療劑的主要限制是連續輸注醫療之不方便的適用性,此排除其用於大多數的潛在適應症且ADM之丸劑投藥可能導致低血壓之潛在有限的安全邊際。
本發明之目的是提供新穎的化合物,其可以用於治療疾病,特別是心血管、水腫及發炎性疾病。
許多醫療活性肽或蛋白質的問題是在活體內的高清除率。這些藥劑存在涉及使用巨分子的數種形成可以注射的儲備液之方式。
在非共價性鍵結狀態中含有藥劑分子之聚合物基質已經熟知。這些也可以是可以注射的水膠、微粒或膠束。此種藥物產品之釋放動力學具有高病人間的變異性而相當不可靠。生產此聚合物可能傷害敏感的藥劑物質或其在分解期間可能與聚合物有副反應(D.H.Lee et al.,J.Contr.Rel.,2003,92,291-299)。
自從1980年代早期,肽或蛋白質的永久聚乙二醇化以增加其溶解度、藉由降低腎清除率而降低免疫原性及增加半衰期是眾所周知的概念(Caliceti P.,Veronese F.M.,Adv.Drug Deliv.Rev.2003,55,1261-1277)。此概念成功地用在數種藥劑,但是許多實例中,聚乙二醇化降低藥劑物質的功效至一個程度使得此
概念不再合適(T.Peleg-Shulman et al.,J.Med.Chem.,2004,47,4897-4904)。
一種合適的替代是聚合物基底的前藥。目前IUPAC對於前藥的定義載明下列用語(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and International Union of Biochemistry:GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY(Recommendations 1998);in Pure & Appl.Chem.Vol 70,No.5,1998,p.1129-1143):前藥:前藥是在展現其藥理效應前進行生物轉化之任何化合物。前藥可以據此視為含有特殊無毒保護基的藥劑,其在短暫的方式下使用以改變或消除在母分子中不要的性質。
連接載體的前藥(載體前藥):連接載體的前藥是一種含有特定活性物質與短暫載體基團的之暫時鍵結之前藥,其產生改良的生理化學或藥物動力學性質且其在活體內可以容易去除,通常藉由水解解離。
級聯前藥:級聯前藥是一種前藥,其載體基團的解離只有在活性基團揭露後才變成有效。
存在PEG-基底的載體前藥之數個實例,其大部分需要酶活化活性藥劑與載體之間的連接體,大多藉由酶水解引發。因為酯類在活體內非常容易解離且無法預期,載體前藥之直接酯連接體對其使用性有限制(J.Rautio et al.,Nature Reviews Drug discovery,2008,7255-270)。
通常使用的替代方案是級聯連接體連結至肽或蛋白質的胺官能基。在級聯連接體中,屏蔽基團必須移除而成為級聯中的
速率限制步驟。此活化連接體在第二位置分解而釋出肽或蛋白質。通常屏蔽基團可以藉由酶機制而移除(R.B.Greenwald et al.in WO2002/089789,Greenwald,et al.,J.Med.Chem.1999,42,3657-3667,F.M.H.DeGroot et al.in WO2002/083180 and WO2004/043493,and D.Shabat et al.in WO2004/019993)。
不依賴酶活化的替代方案是U.Hersel et al.在WO2005/099768的概念。在其方案中,在酚上的屏蔽基團是在純pH依賴性的方式下藉由內部親核體的攻擊而移除。此活化連接體供後續分解。
如U.Hersel et al.在WO2005/099768所提到,「Greenwald、DeGroot及Shabat揭露的上述前藥系統之缺點是暫時性鍵結解離後,釋出潛在毒性芳香族小分子副產物例如醌甲基化物,該潛在有毒實體是在前藥的1:1化學計量下釋出且假設在活體內有高濃度」。Hersel et al.的系統也有相同的問題。
對於小有機分子,存在許多不同的前藥方案(J.Rautio et al.,Nature Reviews Drug discovery,2008,7 255-270)。U.Hersel et al.使用作為其屏蔽基團的釋放機制之方案自從1980年代末期已經使用作為小分子酚系基團之前藥方案(W.S.Saari in EP 0296 811 and W.S.Saari et al.,J.Med.Chem.1990,Vol 33,No 1,p 97-101)。
替代方案的胺基底前藥系統是根據雙-羥基乙基甘胺酸之緩慢水解作為級聯前藥。雙-羥基乙基甘胺酸之羥基是藉由容易經由酯酶水解之酯類屏蔽(R.Greenwald et al.,J.Med.Chem.2004,47,726-734and D.Vetter et al.in WO 2006/136586)。
作為成像及醫療藥劑使用之標示的腎上腺髓素衍生物是已知(J.Depuis et al.in CA 2567478 and WO 2008/138141)。在這些ADM衍生物中,可以連接放射活性同位素之類似複雜籠子的分子結構以直接方式或經由潛在也包括短PEG間隔基之間隔基單元連結至ADM的N端。這些藥劑之診斷或醫療價值是起源自放射活性分子之標靶輸送。
不同於上列前藥方案,其全都基於屏蔽的胺官能基,本發明是基於在ADM中的酪胺酸之屏蔽的酚系基團。一種連接載體的前藥經使用,其係基於胺基甲酸酯在此酚系基團之內部親核性輔助解離。相較於上述其他前藥種類之主要優點是連接體分解產物之毒理無害性,一環狀脲永久性連結至載體。而且,前藥之分解與可能造成解離動力學在病人間的高變異性之酶機制無關。分解機制只單獨與pH相關,因為在酸性pH質子化的內部胺在較高(中性)pH被活化,作為親核體而攻擊酪胺酸的酚系甲酸酯。
在本發明之內文中,化合物現經陳述為與ADM比較,可作為具有延長期間的藥理作用之低釋放ADM-前藥,且其基於此特定作用機制-不經腸道投藥後-在活體內展現持續抗發炎及血流動力學效應,例如分別是內皮屏蔽功能的安定化及降低血壓。
本發明提供下式化合物
其中n 代表數字0、1、2或3,R1 代表氫、甲基、乙基、正丙基或異丙基,R2 代表甲氧基封端的直鏈或支鏈PEG 20kDa至80kDa,及其鹽類、其溶劑化物與其溶劑化物之鹽類。
根據本發明的化合物是式(I)化合物及其鹽類、其溶劑化物與其溶劑化物之鹽類、式(I)且是下面特定式包含的化合物及其鹽類、其溶劑化物與其溶劑化物之鹽類、及式(I)且是下面特定式包含作為工作實例的化合物及其鹽類、其溶劑化物與其溶劑化物之鹽類,如果經式(I)包含且在下面指明之該化合物並不是鹽類、溶劑化物與其溶劑化物之鹽類。
取決於其結構,根據本發明的化合物可以存在立體異構物形式(對掌異構物、非對掌異構物)。本發明因此包括對掌異構物或非對掌異構物及其特定混合物。立體異構性均勻的成份可以
在已知的方法中從對掌異構物及/或非對掌異構物之此混合物分離。
當根據本發明的化合物可以出現互變異構物的形式時,本發明包括全部互變異構物的形式。
在本發明之內文中,較佳的鹽類是根據本發明化合物之生理上可接受的鹽類。也包括鹽類其本身不合適於製藥應用,但是可以用於分離或純化根據本發明之化合物。
根據本發明的化合物之生理上可接受的鹽類包括無機酸、羧酸及磺酸之酸加成鹽類,例如氫氯酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、萘二磺酸、醋酸、三氟醋酸、丙酸、乳酸、酒石酸、蘋果酸、檸檬酸、富馬酸、馬來酸及苯甲酸之鹽類。
根據本發明的化合物之生理上可接受的鹽類也包括慣用的鹼之鹽類,例如且較佳的鹼金屬鹽類(例如鈉及鉀鹽)、鹼土金屬鹽類(例如鈣及鎂鹽)及衍生自氨或含有1至16個碳原子的有機胺之鹽類,例如較佳的乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、乙基二異丙胺、單乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二環己胺、二甲胺基乙醇、普魯卡因、二苄胺、N-甲基嗎福啉、精胺酸、賴胺酸、乙二胺及N-甲基六氫吡啶。
在本發明之內文中,溶劑化物係指根據本發明的化合物之彼等形式其在固體或液體狀態,經由與溶劑分子調和而形成複合物。水合物是溶劑化物之一種特定的形式,其中是與水調和。在本發明之內文中,較佳的溶劑化物是水合物。
在本發明之內文中,在R2中提到經甲氧基封端係指聚乙二醇(PEG)在末端經不是鍵結至氧的甲氧基取代,也就是-PEG 40kDa-OMe。
較佳的式(I)化合物是其中n 代表數字1或2,R1 代表氫或甲基,R2 代表經甲氧基封端的直鏈PEG 40kDa。
也較佳的式(I)化合物是其中n 代表數字1或2,R1 代表氫,R2 代表經甲氧基封端的直鏈PEG 40kDa。
也較佳的式(I)化合物是其中n代表數字1。
也較佳的式(I)化合物是其中R1代表氫。
也較佳的式(I)化合物是其中鍵結-NHR1取代基的碳原子具有S組態。
也較佳的式(I)化合物是其中R2代表經甲氧基封端的直鏈PEG 40kDa。
也較佳的式(I)化合物是其具有式(Ia)的結構
其中n、R1及R2各根據上面的定義,及其鹽類、其溶劑化物與其溶劑化物之鹽類。
在基團的特定組合或較佳組合中提供的指定基團定義是不論指定的基團之特定組合,也可經其他組合之任何基團定義取代。
非常特別較佳的是二或多種上述較佳範圍之組合。
本發明還提供一種製備式(I)化合物、或其鹽類、其溶劑化物與其溶劑化物之鹽類的方法,其中式(II)化合物
其中n及R1各根據上面的定義,是與式(III)化合物反應
其中R2是根據上面的定義。
該反應通常是在惰性溶劑中進行,在溫度範圍是0℃至50℃且在標準壓力較佳。
惰性溶劑是例如pH 3至5之檸檬酸鹽緩衝液、甘胺酸-氫氯酸緩衝液、鄰苯二甲酸鹽緩衝液或醋酸鹽緩衝液,較佳是pH 4的檸檬酸鹽緩衝液。
式(III)化合物是已知或可以經由已知方法從合適的起始化合物合成。
式(II)化合物是已知或可以經由式(IV)化合物
其中n及R1各根據上面的定義,在第一階段與式(V)化合物反應
且在第二階段與酸反應而製備。
在第一階段的反應通常是在惰性溶劑中,在脫水劑存在下,隨意地在鹼從在下進行,在從室溫至70℃的溫度範圍及在標準壓力下較佳。
惰性溶劑是例如鹵基烴類例如二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷或1,2-二氯乙烷、醚類例如二烷、四氫呋喃或1,2-二甲氧基乙烷,或其他溶劑例如丙酮、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺、2-丁酮或乙腈。也可能使用該溶劑之混合物。較佳是二甲基甲醯胺。
在本文中的合適脫水劑是例如碳化二醯亞胺類,例如N,N'-二乙基-、N,N'-二丙基-、N,N'-二異丙基-、N,N'二環己基碳化二醯亞胺、N-(3-二甲胺基異丙基)-N'-乙基碳化二醯亞胺鹽酸鹽(EDC)、N-環己基碳化二醯亞胺-N‘-丙基氧基甲基聚苯乙烯(PS-碳化二醯亞胺)、或羰基化合物例如羰基二咪唑、或1,2-唑鎓化合物例如2-乙基-5-苯基-1,2-唑鎓3-硫酸鹽或2-第三丁基-5-甲基異唑鎓過氯酸鹽、或醯基胺基化合物例如2-乙氧基-1-乙氧基羰基-1,2-二氫喹啉、或丙膦酸酐、或氯甲酸異丁酯、或雙-(2-酮基-3-唑啶基)磷醯氯或苯并三唑基氧基三(二甲胺基)鏻
六氟磷酸鹽、或O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸鹽(HBTU)、苯并三唑-1-基-N-四甲基-脲四氟硼酸鹽(TBTU)、2-(2-酮基-1-(2H)-吡啶基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲四氟硼酸鹽(TPTU)或O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸鹽(HATU)、或1-羥基苯并三唑(HOBt)、或苯并三唑-1基氧基參(二甲胺基)鏻六氟磷酸鹽(BOP)、或苯并三唑-1基氧基參(吡咯啶基)鏻六氟磷酸鹽(PYBOP)、或N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺、或這些與鹼之混合物。
鹼是例如鹼金屬碳酸鹽例如碳酸鈉或碳酸鉀、或碳酸氫鈉或碳酸氫鉀、或有機鹼例如三烷基胺例如三乙胺、N-甲基嗎福啉、N-甲基六氫吡啶、4-二甲胺基吡啶或N,N-二異丙基乙基胺,較佳是N,N-二異丙基乙基胺。
較佳是在N,N-二異丙基乙基胺存在下,用TBTU進行縮合。
第二階段的反應是隨意地在惰性溶劑中進行,在從室溫至60℃的溫度範圍及在標準壓力下較佳。
惰性溶劑是例如鹵基烴類例如二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳或1,2-二氯乙烷、或醚類例如四氫呋喃或二烷,較佳是二氯甲烷。
酸是例如三氟醋酸、在二烷中的氫氯酸,較佳是濃三氟醋酸。濃三氟醋酸可以與添加清除劑例如水、酚、苯甲硫醚及1,2-乙二醇使用。較佳是1至5%的各這些清除劑。
式(V)化合物是已知或可以經由已知方法從合適的起始化合物合成(實例14A)。
式(IV)化合物是已知或可以經由式(VI)化合物
其中n及R1各根據上面的定義,與鈀(0)源及還原劑反應而製備。
該反應通常是在惰性溶劑中,隨意地在弱鹼存在下進行,在0℃至50℃的溫度範圍及在標準壓力下較佳。
惰性溶劑是例如鹵基烴類例如二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷或1,2-二氯乙烷、醚類例如二烷、四氫呋喃或1,2-二甲氧基乙烷,或其他溶劑例如丙酮、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺、2-丁酮或乙腈。也可能使用該溶劑之混合物。較佳是四氫呋喃。
鈀(0)源是例如肆(三苯基膦)鈀(0)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0)或反應期間當場還原成鈀(0)的鈀(II)源。
還原劑是例如甲酸或三乙基矽烷,較佳是甲酸。
鹼是例如三乙胺、N,N-二異丙基乙基胺、或磷酸鉀溶液,較佳是三乙胺。
式(VI)化合物是已知或可以經由式(VII)化合物
其中n及R1各根據上面的定義,與式(VIII)化合物反應而製備。
該反應通常是在惰性溶劑中,在脫水劑存在下,隨意地在鹼從在下進行,在從室溫至70℃的溫度範圍及在標準壓力下較佳。
惰性溶劑是例如鹵基烴類例如二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷或1,2-二氯乙烷、醚類例如二烷、四氫呋喃或1,2-二甲氧基乙烷,或其他溶劑例如丙酮、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺、2-丁酮或乙腈。也可能使用該溶劑之混合物。較佳是二氯甲烷。
在本文中的合適脫水劑是例如碳化二醯亞胺類,例如N,N'-二乙基-、N,N'-二丙基-、N,N'-二異丙基-、N,N'二環己基碳化二醯亞胺、N-(3-二甲胺基異丙基)-N'-乙基碳化二醯亞胺鹽酸鹽(EDC)、N-環己基碳化二醯亞胺-N‘-丙基氧基甲基聚苯乙烯(PS-碳化二醯亞胺)、或羰基化合物例如羰基二咪唑、或1,2-唑鎓化合物例如2-乙基-5-苯基-1,2-唑鎓3-硫酸鹽或2-第三丁基-5-甲基異唑鎓過氯酸鹽、或醯基胺基化合物例如2-乙氧基-1-乙氧基羰基-1,2-二氫喹啉、或丙膦酸酐、或氯甲酸異丁酯、或雙-(2-酮基-3-唑啶基)磷醯氯或苯并三唑基氧基三(二甲胺基)鏻六氟磷酸鹽、或O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸鹽(HBTU)、苯并三唑-1-基-N-四甲基-脲四氟硼酸鹽(TBTU)、2-(2-酮基-1-(2H)-吡啶基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲四氟硼酸鹽(TPTU)或O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸鹽(HATU)、或1-羥基苯并三唑(HOBt)、或苯并三唑-1基氧基參(二甲胺基)鏻六氟磷酸鹽(BOP)、或苯并三唑-1基氧基參(吡咯啶基)鏻六氟磷酸鹽(PYBOP)、或N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺、或這些與鹼之混合物。
鹼是例如鹼金屬碳酸鹽例如碳酸鈉或碳酸鉀、或碳酸氫鈉或碳酸氫鉀、或有機鹼例如三烷基胺例如三乙胺、N-甲基嗎福啉、N-甲基六氫吡啶、4-二甲胺基吡啶或N,N-二異丙基乙基胺,較佳是N,N-二異丙基乙基胺。
較佳是在N,N-二異丙基乙基胺存在下,用HATU進行縮合。
式(VII)及(VIII)化合物是已知或可以經由已知方法從合適的起始化合物合成。
根據本發明的化合物之製備可以用下面的合成圖示說明:
根據本發明的化合物顯現預期之外的有用藥理活性範圍。
據此,其合適作為醫藥品在人類及動物中用於治療及/或預防疾病。
根據本發明的化合物之特徵是專一性的腎上腺髓素(ADM)釋放性前藥。
本發明還提供根據本發明的化合物用於治療及/或預防疾病之用途,尤其是心血管、水腫及/或發炎性疾病。
對於本發明,「治療(treatment)」或「治療(treating)」一詞包括抑制、延遲、舒緩、減輕、阻止、降低疾病、障礙、情形、或狀態及/或其症狀之發展及/或進展、或造成復原。「防止
(prevention)」或「防止(preventing)」一詞包括減少罹患、受到或經歷疾病、障礙、情形、或狀態及/或其症狀的發展及/或進展之風險。防止一詞包括預防。疾病、障礙、情形或狀態之治療及預防可以是部份或全部。
基於其藥理性質,根據本發明的化合物可以用於治療及/或預防心血管疾病,特別是心臟衰竭,尤其是慢性及急性心臟衰竭、收縮壓及舒張壓(充血性)心臟衰竭、急性失代償性心臟衰竭、心臟功能不全、冠狀心臟病、心絞痛、心肌梗塞、缺血再灌流傷害、缺血性及出血性中風、動脈硬化、動脈粥樣硬化、高血壓尤其是原發性高血壓、惡性原發性高血壓、繼發性高血壓、腎血管性高血壓及腎與內分泌疾病後的高血壓、高血壓性心臟病、高血壓性腎病、肺動脈高血壓尤其是繼發性肺動脈高血壓、有或無急性肺心病的肺栓塞之後的肺動脈高血壓、原發性肺動脈高血壓、及週邊動脈阻塞性疾病。
根據本發明的化合物還合適用於治療及/或預防妊娠[懷孕引發的]水腫及有或無高血壓的蛋白尿(先兆子癇)。
根據本發明的化合物還合適用於治療及/或預防肺病,例如慢性阻塞性肺臟疾病、氣喘、急性與慢性肺水腫、因為吸入有機粉塵及真菌、放射線菌或其他來源的顆粒之過敏性肺泡炎及肺炎、急性化學性支氣管炎、急性與慢性化學性肺水腫(例如吸入光氣、一氧化氮後)、神經性肺水腫、因為放射線之急性與慢性肺病徵、急性與慢性間質性肺病(例如但不限於藥物引發的間質性肺病,例如博萊黴素治療後)、在成人與小孩包括新生兒的急性肺損傷/急性呼吸窘迫症候群(ALI/ARDS)、肺炎及敗血症之
繼發性ALI/ARDS、吸入性肺炎及吸入之繼發性ALI/ARDS(例如但不限於因為反芻的胃內容物之吸入性肺炎)、煙氣吸入之繼發性ALI/ARDS、輸血相關的急性肺損傷(TRALI)、手術後的ALI/ARDS或急性肺功能不全、外傷或燒傷、呼吸器引發的肺損傷(VILI)、胎糞吸入後的肺損傷、肺纖維化及高山症。
根據本發明的化合物還合適用於治療及/或預防慢性腎臟疾病(階段1-5)、腎功能不全、糖尿病腎病、高血壓慢性腎臟疾病、腎小球腎炎、急進性和慢性腎炎症候群、非特異性腎病症候群、腎病症候群、遺傳性腎病、急慢性腎小管間質性腎炎、急性腎功能損傷、急性腎功能衰竭、創傷後腎功能衰竭、創傷的術後腎損傷、心腎症候群、腎臟移植的保護及功能改善。
本發明的化合物還合適用於治療及/或預防糖尿病及其後續症狀,例如糖尿病的大-與微血管病變、糖尿病腎病及神經變性。
根據本發明的化合物還可用於治療及/或預防中樞與末梢神經系統之疾病例如病毒與細菌性腦膜炎(例如Zoster腦炎)、腦損傷、腦與脊髓的原發性或繼發性[轉移]惡性腫瘤、神經根炎及多神經根炎、Guillain-Barre症候群[急性感染(後)多發性神經炎、Miller Fisher症候群]、肌萎縮性側索硬化症[進行性脊肌萎縮]、巴金森氏症、急性與慢性多發性神經病、疼痛、腦水腫、阿茲海默氏症、神經系統之退化性疾病及中樞神經系統之脫髓鞘疾病例如但不限於多發性硬化症。
根據本發明的化合物還可用於治療及/或預防肝門脈高血壓及肺纖維化[硬化]及其後遺症例如食管靜脈曲張破裂出血和
腹腔積液、用於治療及/或預防惡性腫瘤或發炎後的胸腔積液及用於治療及/或淋巴水腫及靜脈曲張後的水腫。
根據本發明的化合物還可用於治療及/或預防胃腸道的發炎性疾病例如發炎性腸疾、Crohn氏病、潰瘍性結腸炎、及腸的毒性與血管性疾病。
根據本發明的化合物還可用於治療及/或預防敗血症、敗血性休克、非感染源的全身性發炎反應症候群(SIRS)、出血性休克、器官功能障礙或多重器官衰竭(MOF)之敗血症或SIRS、創傷性休克、中毒性休克、過敏性休克、蕁麻疹、昆蟲叮咬及與咬相關的過敏、血管神經性水腫[巨大蕁麻疹、Quincke氏水腫]、急性喉炎及氣管炎、及急性阻塞性喉炎[喉炎(croup)]及會咽炎。
根據本發明的化合物還可用於治療及/或預防風溼型疾病及視為自發免疫疾病的其他疾病形式例如但不限於關節炎、紅斑狼瘡、硬皮病、過敏性紫癜及血管炎。
根據本發明的化合物還可用於治療高眼壓症(青光眼)、糖尿病視網膜病變及黃斑水腫。
根據本發明的化合物還可用於治療及/或預防手術干預後缺血之手術相關的狀態及其後續症狀,特別是使用心肺機干預心臟(例如繞道手術、心臟瓣膜植入物)、干預頸動脈、干預主動脈及頭蓋骨用工具打開或穿刺之干預。
該化合物還合適用於一般性治療及/或預防在手術干預中的事件,以加速傷口癒合及縮短復甦時間為目標。其還合適用於促進傷口癒合。
該化合物還合適用於治療及/或預防骨密度及結構之病症,例如但不限於骨質疏鬆症、骨軟化症及甲狀旁腺功能亢進相關的骨骼疾病。
該化合物還合適用於治療及/或預防性功能障礙,特別是男性勃起障礙。
較佳該化合物合適用於治療及/或預防心臟衰竭、冠心病、缺血及/或出血性中風、高血壓、肺性高血壓、週動脈阻塞性疾病、子癇前症、慢性阻塞性肺臟疾病、氣喘、急性及/或慢性肺水腫、由於吸入有機粉塵及真菌、放射線菌或其他來源的顆粒之過敏性肺泡炎及/或肺炎、及/或急性化學性支氣管炎、急性及/或慢性化學性肺水腫、神經性肺水腫、因為放射線之急性與慢性肺病徵、急性及/或慢性間質性肺病、在成人與小孩包括新生兒的急性肺損傷/急性呼吸窘迫症候群(ALI/ARDS)、肺炎及敗血症之繼發性ALI/ARDS、吸入性肺炎及吸入之繼發性ALI/ARDS、煙氣吸入之繼發性ALI/ARDS、輸血相關的急性肺損傷(TRALI)、手術後的ALI/ARDS或急性肺功能不全、外傷或燒傷、及/或呼吸器引發的肺損傷(VILI)、胎糞吸入後的肺損傷、肺纖維化、高山症、慢性腎臟疾病、腎小球性腎炎、急性腎損傷、心腎症候群、淋巴水腫、炎症性腸病、敗血症、敗血性休克、非感染源的全身性發炎反應症候群(SIRS)、過敏性休克、發炎性腸疾及/或蕁麻疹。
更佳該化合物合適用於治療及/或預防心臟衰竭、高血壓、肺性高血壓、氣喘、急性及/或慢性化學性肺水腫、在成人與小孩包括新生兒的急性肺損傷/急性呼吸窘迫症候群
(ALI/ARDS)、肺炎及敗血症之繼發性ALI/ARDS、吸入性肺炎及吸入之繼發性ALI/ARDS、煙氣吸入之繼發性ALI/ARDS、輸血相關的急性肺損傷(TRALI)、手術後的ALI/ARDS或急性肺功能不全、外傷或燒傷、及/或呼吸器引發的肺損傷(VILI)、胎糞吸入後的肺損傷、敗血症、敗血性休克、非感染源的全身性發炎反應症候群(SIRS)、過敏性休克、發炎性腸疾及/或蕁麻疹。
本發明還提供根據本發明的化合物用於治療及/或預防疾病之用途,特別是上述疾病。
本發明還提供根據本發明的化合物製備藥物用於治療及/或預防疾病之用途,特別是上述疾病。
本發明還提供治療及/或預防疾病之方法,特別是上述疾病,其係使用活性量之根據本發明的化合物。
本發明還提供含有根據本發明的化合物及一或多種其他活性成份之藥劑,特別是用於治療及/或預防疾病。實例及較佳的活性成份組合是:ACE抑制劑、血管緊張素受體拮抗劑、β-2受體促效劑、磷酸二酯酶抑制劑、糖皮質激素受體促效劑、利尿劑、或重組血管緊張素轉化酶-2或乙醯基水楊酸(阿司匹林)。
在本發明之一個較佳具體實施例中,根據本發明的化合物是結合ACE抑制劑投藥,例如且較佳是依那拉普利(enalapril)、喹那普利(quinapril)、卡托普利(captopril)、賴諾普利(lisinopril)、雷米普利(ramipril)、地拉普利(delapril)、福辛普利(fosinopril)、培哚普利(perindoptil)、西拉普利(cilazapril)、咪達普利
(imidapril)、貝那普利(benazepril)、莫西普利(moexipril)、螺普利(spirapril)或群多普利(trandopril)。
在本發明之一個較佳具體實施例中,根據本發明的化合物是結合血管緊張素受體拮抗劑投藥,例如且較佳是氯沙坦(losartan)、坎地沙坦(candesartan)、纈沙坦(valsartan)、替米沙坦(telmisartan)或恩布沙坦(embusartan)。
在本發明之一個較佳具體實施例中,根據本發明的化合物是結合β-2受體促效劑投藥,例如且較佳是沙丁胺醇(salbutamol)、吡布特羅(pirbuterol)、沙美特羅(salmeterol)、特布他林(terbutalin)、非諾特羅(fenoterol)、妥洛特羅(tulobuterol)、克倫特羅(clenbuterol)、瑞普特羅(reproterol)或福莫特羅(formoterol)。
在本發明之一個較佳具體實施例中,根據本發明的化合物是結合磷酸二酯酶(PDE)抑制劑投藥,例如且較佳是米力農(milrinone)、氨力農(amrinone)、匹莫苯丹(pimobendan)、西洛他唑(cilostazol)、習多芬(sildenafil)、伐地那非(vardenafil)或他達拉非(tadalafil)。
在本發明之一個較佳具體實施例中,根據本發明的化合物是結合糖皮質激素受體促效劑投藥,例如且較佳是皮質醇(cortiosol)、可體松(cortisone)、氫化可體松(hydrocortisone)、強體松(prednisone)、甲基強體松龍(methyl一prednisolone)、潑尼立定(prednylidene)、地夫可特(deflazacort)、氟可龍(fluocortolone)、曲安西龍(triamcinolone)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)或倍他米松(betamethasone)。
在本發明之一個較佳具體實施例中,根據本發明的化合物是結合利尿劑投藥,例如且較佳是呋塞米(furosemide)、托拉塞米(torasemide)及氫氯苯噻噠嗪(hydrochlorothiazide)。
本發明還關於包含至少一種根據本發明的化合物之藥劑,其通常結合一或多種惰性、無毒、藥學上合適的賦形劑,及其用於上述目的之用途。
根據本發明的化合物可以全身及/或局部作用。對於此目的,其可以在合適的方式下投藥,例如經由不經腸道、肺、鼻、舌下、舌、頰內、皮膚、穿透皮膚、眼結膜、眼睛路徑或作為植入物或支架。
根據本發明的化合物可以在合適於這些投藥途徑之投藥形式下投藥。
不經腸道投藥可以在避免吸收步驟(例如靜脈內、動脈內、心臟內、脊椎內或腰髓內)或包含吸收(例如肌肉內、皮下、經皮、皮內或腹膜內)進行。合適於不經腸道投藥的投藥形式包括在溶液、懸浮液、乳液、凍乾或無菌粉末的形式之用於注射及輸注的製劑。
合適於其他投藥路徑的是例如吸入之醫藥形式(包括粉末吸入器、霧化器)、鼻滴劑、眼滴劑、溶液或噴霧劑;膜/糯米劑或水性懸浮液(洗劑、搖動混合物)、親脂性懸浮液、軟膏、乳膏、透皮醫療系統(例如貼布)、奶劑、糊劑、泡沫劑、粉劑、植入物或支架。
不經腸胃投藥為較佳,特別是靜脈內投藥。
根據本發明的化合物可以轉化成所述的投藥形式。此可在
本身已知的方式下進行經由與惰性、無毒、藥學上合適的賦形劑混合。這些賦形劑包括載劑(例如微晶纖維素、乳糖、甘露醇)、溶劑(例如液態聚乙二醇類)、乳化劑及分散劑或增溼劑(例如硫酸十二烷酯鈉、聚氧油酸山梨醇酯)、黏著劑(例如聚乙烯吡咯酮)、合成及天然的聚合物(例如白蛋白)、安定劑(例如抗氧化劑例如抗壞血酸)、染劑(例如無機顏料例如氧化鐵)及遮蔽口味及/或氣味的藥劑。
在不經腸道投藥之情形中,一般發現有利的投藥量是約0.001至5毫克/公斤,較佳是約0.01至1毫克/公斤的體重以達到有效的結果。
然而在部份情形中,可能需要偏離所述的量,特別是作為體重、投藥途徑、對活性成份的個人反應、製劑的本質及進行投藥的時間或間隔的函數。例如,低於上述的最低量可能足夠於部份情形,然而在其他情形中必須超過所述的最大量。在投藥較大量的情形中,建議將這些分成一天中的多個單獨劑量。
下面的工作實例說明本發明。本發明不受限於這些實例。除非另外說明,在下面測試及實例中的百分比是重量百分比、組份是重量組份。液體/液體溶液之溶劑比例、稀釋比例及濃度數據各是以體積為基準。
圖1:皮下投藥ADM或所示的媒劑(虛線)後,從遙測的血壓正常之雌性Wistar大鼠記錄的平均動脈血壓(MABP)之24小時情形。
圖2:皮下投藥實例1或所示的媒劑(虛線)後,從遙測的血
壓正常之雌性Wistar大鼠記錄的平均動脈血壓(MABP)之24小時情形。
縮寫
胺基酸及肽序列的命名是根據:
國際純化學和應用化學聯合會(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)及國際生物化學與分子生物學聯盟(International Union of Biochemistry):胺基酸與胜肽之命名法與符號體系(Nomenclature and Symbolism for Amino Acids and Peptides)(Recommendations 1983).In:Pure & Appl.Chem.56,Vol.5,1984,p.595-624。
LC-MS及MS方法
方法1(LC-MS):儀器種類:Waters ACQUITY SQD UPLC System;管柱:Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 1.8μ 50毫米x 1毫米;移動相A:1升水+0.25毫升99%強度甲酸,移動相B:1升乙腈+0.25毫升99%強度甲酸;梯度:0.0分鐘90% A→1.2分鐘5% A→2.0分鐘5% A;爐溫:50℃;流速:0.40毫升/分鐘;UV-偵測:210-400毫微米。
方法2(LC-MS):MS儀器種類:Waters(Micromass)Quattro Micro;HPLC儀器種類:Agilent 1100系列;管柱:Thermo Hypersil GOLD 3μ 20毫米x 4毫米;移動相A:1升水+0.5毫升50%強度甲酸,移動相B:1升乙腈+0.5毫升50%強度甲酸;梯度:0.0分鐘100% A→3.0分鐘10% A→4.0分鐘10% A;爐溫:50℃;流速:2.0毫升/分鐘;UV-偵測:210毫微米。
方法3(HPLC):儀器種類:HP 1200系列;UV DAD;管柱:Phenomenex Luna 5微米C5 100Å,150毫米x 4.6毫米;移動相A:1升水+0.5毫升50%強度甲酸,移動相B:1升乙腈+0.5毫升50%強度甲酸;梯度:0.0分鐘95%A→5分鐘5% A;→5.8分鐘95% A→6.2分鐘95% A;流速:2.5毫升/分鐘;爐溫:
RT;UV偵測:210毫微米。
方法4(HPLC):儀器種類:HP 1200系列;UV DAD;管柱:Merck Chromolith Fastgradient RP18 50毫米x 2毫米;移動相A:1升水+0.5毫升50%強度甲酸,移動相B:1升乙腈+0.5毫升50%強度甲酸;梯度:0.0分鐘95%A→2.9分鐘5% A→3.2分鐘5% A;流速:3毫升/分鐘;爐溫:RT;UV偵測:210毫微米。
方法5(DCI MS):儀器種類:Thermo Fisher-Scientific DSQ;化學游離;反應物氨氣;源溫度:200℃;游離能70eV。
方法6(MALDI MS):儀器種類Kratos PC-Kompact SEQ V1.2.2MALDI TOF MS,正游離模式,Linear high,Power:75。
微波合成機:Biotage Emrys Initiator II合成機;配備可變的小瓶體積大至20毫升反應體積及“Robot 60”樣本處理器。
pH 4檸檬酸鹽緩衝液:Fluka No 82566;檸檬酸緩衝液pH 4,用疊氮化鈉安定化。
組成物:檸檬酸,~0.056M;疊氮化鈉,~0.05%;氯化鈉,~0.044M;氫氧化鈉,~0.068M。
40kDa甲氧基聚(乙二醇)馬來醯亞胺基丙醯胺(連接體(linker)40k mPEG馬來醯亞胺);CAS No 724722-89-8;從Dr.Reddys Inc.,Lot No 233101301;重量平均分子量,Mw(GPC)40500Da;多分散性(GPC)1.08。
N-(第三丁氧羰基)-O-[(4-硝基苯氧基)羰基]-L-酪胺酸烯丙酯
36.7克(114.3毫莫耳)N-Boc-L-酪胺酸烯丙酯、23.0克(114.3毫莫耳)氯甲酸4-硝基苯酯、17.5毫升125.7毫莫耳)三乙胺及1.40克(11.4毫莫耳)4-二甲胺基吡啶在1000毫升二氯甲烷中混合并在室溫攪拌2小時。將反應混合物用約500毫升水及用約250毫升鹽水清洗並經由約100克硫酸鈉乾燥。經由旋轉蒸發將溶劑移除(約40℃,約200毫巴,約30分鐘)並將產物溶解在溫乙醚中且在4℃結晶過夜。將晶體過濾,用冷乙醚清洗並在
高真空乾燥(約0.1毫巴,18小時)。產量是29.86克(59.6毫莫耳,52%理論值)的所要產物。
LC-MS(方法1):Rt=1.23分鐘,m/z=487(M+H)+
(2S)-4-{[(4-{(2S)-3-(烯丙基氧基)-2-[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基]-3-酮基丙基}苯氧基)羰基]-胺基}-2-[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基]丁酸
將4.0克(8.22毫莫耳)從實例1A的化合物溶解在60毫升二氯甲烷中。加入1.795毫升(8.22毫莫耳)(2S)-4-胺基-2-[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基]丁酸及1.43毫升(8.22毫莫耳)N,N-二異丙基乙基胺。將反應混合物分成3份。將在密封試管內的各份在75℃的微波合成機內加熱30分鐘。從合併的反應混合物經由旋轉蒸發將溶劑移除(約40℃,約200毫巴,約30分鐘)。將粗產物溶解在二氯甲烷中並經由約600毫升矽膠層析。使用的溶劑是二氯
甲烷/醋酸乙酯4/1、二氯甲烷/醋酸乙酯1/1、二氯甲烷/甲醇4/1及二氯甲烷/甲醇1/1。將含產物的部份合併並在減壓下濃縮至乾。此得到4.02克(6.54毫莫耳,80%理論值)的所要產物。
LC-MS(方法1):Rt=1.07分鐘,m/z=564(M-H)-
O-({(3S)-4-{[(2R)-1-胺基-1-酮基-3-(三苯基硫基)丙-2-基]胺基}-3-[(第三丁氧基-羰基)胺基]-4-酮基丁基}胺基甲醯基)-N-(第三丁氧羰基)-L-酪胺酸烯丙酯
將2.50克(4.42毫莫耳)從實例2A的化合物溶解在100毫升二氯甲烷中。加入1.602克(4.42毫莫耳)S-三苯基-L-半胱胺醯胺、0.77毫升(4.42毫莫耳)N,N-二異丙基乙基胺及1.68克(4.42毫莫耳)HATU。將反應混合物分成5份。將在密封試管內的各份在60℃的微波合成機內加熱30分鐘。從合併的反應混合物經由旋轉蒸發將溶劑移除(約40℃,約200毫巴,約30分鐘)。
將粗產物溶解在二氯甲烷中並經由約600毫升矽膠層析。使用的溶劑是二氯甲烷/醋酸乙酯2/1、二氯甲烷/醋酸乙酯1/1、二氯甲烷/甲醇20/1及二氯甲烷/甲醇10/1。將含產物的部份合併並在減壓下濃縮至乾。此得到4.12克(3.30毫莫耳,75%理論值,73%純度)的所要產物。
LC-MS(方法1):Rt=1.36分鐘,m/z=911(M+H)+
O-({(3S)-4-{[(2R)-1-胺基-1-酮基-3-(三苯基硫基)丙-2-基]胺基}-3-[(第三丁氧羰基)-胺基]-4-酮基丁基}胺基甲醯基)-N-(第三丁氧羰基)-L酪胺酸
將4.14克(4.55毫莫耳)從實例3A的化合物溶解在90毫升四氫呋喃中。加入3.17毫升(22.8毫莫耳)三乙胺、0.86毫升(22.8毫莫耳)甲酸及0.526克(0.455毫莫耳)肆(三苯基膦)鈀(0)。將反應混合物在室溫攪拌過夜。將反應用約100毫升水稀釋,並用
約100毫升二氯甲烷萃取兩次。將合併的有機層用鹽水萃取,經由硫酸鈉乾燥並在減壓下濃縮至乾。將粗產物溶解在二氯甲烷中並經由約500毫升矽膠層析。使用的溶劑是二氯甲烷、二氯甲烷/甲醇20/1及二氯甲烷/甲醇1/1。將含產物的部份合併並在減壓下濃縮至乾。此得到2.62克94.5%純度的粗產物。將產物在C18上用水/甲醇梯度經由製備級RP-HPLC進一步純化而得到2.35克(2.70毫莫耳,59%理論值)純的產物。
LC-MS(方法1):Rt=1.22分鐘,m/z=871(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,δ/ppm):δ=7.92(d,1H),7.65(t,1H),7.28-7.35(m,12H),7.25-7.28(t,3H),7.15-7.20(m,4H),6.95(d,2H),4.29(q,1H),4.00(m,1H),3.92(m,1H),3.11(m,3H),2.90(m,1H),2.36(m,2H),1.84(m,1H),1.68(m,1H),1.34(d,18H)。
甲基(2-酮基四氫呋喃-3-基)胺基甲酸第三丁酯
此化合物是根據Alberico,Dino;Paquin,Jean-Francois;Lautens,Mark;Tetrahedron,2005,vol.61,p.6283-6297合成。
將5.18克(25.7毫莫耳)(四氫-2-酮基-3-呋喃基)胺基甲酸第三丁酯、4.81毫升(77.2毫莫耳)甲基碘溶解在100毫升無水二甲基甲醯胺中。將溶液冷卻至0℃並加入1.34克(60%在礦物油中,33.5毫莫耳)氫化鈉。使反應溫熱至室溫並攪拌過夜。將反應混合物添加至約400毫升水中並將混合物用約300毫升醋酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併的有機層經由硫酸鈉乾燥並在減壓下濃縮至乾。此得到8.70克(25.7毫莫耳,100%理論值,63%純度)的所要產物。
分析數據與文獻符合。產物不再純化而用在下一個合成步驟。
2-[(第三丁氧羰基)(甲基)胺基]-4-(1,3-二酮基-1,3-二氫-2H-異吲哚-2-基)丁酸
將8.70克(約25毫莫耳,約63%純度)從實例5A的化合物溶解在560毫升二甲基甲醯胺中。加入8.23克(44.4毫莫耳)酞醯亞胺鉀並將反應混合物加熱至150℃經7小時。經由旋轉蒸發移除約400毫升溶劑(約60℃,約10毫巴,約30分鐘)。將反應混合物倒入約100毫升水、200克冰及15毫升醋酸之混合
物中。殘留的冰熔化後,將反應混合物過濾並將過濾液用約100毫升二氯甲烷萃取3次。將合併的有機層經由硫酸鈉乾燥並在減壓下濃縮至乾。將粗產物溶解在二氯甲烷中並經由約70毫升矽膠層析。使用的溶劑是二氯甲烷/醋酸乙酯9/1至二氯甲烷/醋酸乙酯6/4。將含產物的部份合併並在減壓下濃縮至乾。此得到2.39克(6.04毫莫耳,24%理論值)產物。
LC-MS(方法1):Rt=0.92分鐘,m/z=363(M+H)+
4-胺基-2-[(第三丁氧羰基)(甲基)胺基]丁酸
將11.8克(32.6毫莫耳)從實例6A的化合物溶解在約640毫升乙醇中並將23.8毫升(488毫莫耳)肼水合物添加至反應混合物中。攪拌過夜後,將反應混合物過濾並在減壓下將過濾液濃縮至乾。將粗產物溶解在乙醇中並加入約50克矽膠,在減壓下將溶劑移除。將所得的固體添加至約500克矽膠管柱上並層析。使用的溶劑是二氯甲烷/甲醇9/1至二氯甲烷/甲醇1/1。將含產物的部份合併並在減壓下濃縮至乾。此得到2.98克(12.8毫莫耳,39%理論值)產物。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=0.21分鐘,m/z=233(M+H)+
DCI MS(方法5):m/z=233(M+H)+
4-{[(4-{(2S)-3-(烯丙基氧基)-2-[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基]-3-酮基丙基}苯氧基)羰基]-胺基}-2-[(第三丁氧羰基)(甲基)胺基]丁酸
將0.931克(1.92毫莫耳)從實例1A的化合物溶解在30毫升二氯甲烷中。加入0.455克(1.92毫莫耳)從實例7A的化合物。將反應混合物分成2份。將在密封試管內的各份在80℃的微波合成機內加熱30分鐘。在減壓下從合併的反應混合物將溶劑移除。將粗產物在C18管柱上用水甲醇梯度從9/1至1/9經由製備級RP-HPLC純化。將含產物的部份合併並在減壓下濃縮至乾。此得到0.523克(0.85毫莫耳,44%理論值)所要的產物,其為2種非對掌異構物之混合物。
LC-MS(方法1):Rt=1.08及1.11分鐘,m/z=578(M-H)-
O-[(4-{[(2R)-1-胺基-1-酮基-3-(三苯基硫基)丙-2-基]胺基}-3-[(第三丁氧羰基)-(甲基)胺基]-4-酮基丁基)胺基甲醯基]-N-(第三丁氧羰基)-L-酪胺酸烯丙酯
將2.24克(3.86毫莫耳)從實例8A的化合物溶解在100毫升二氯甲烷中。加入1.401克(3.86毫莫耳)S-三苯基-L-半胱胺醯胺、0.67毫升(3.86毫莫耳)N,N-二異丙基乙基胺及1.47克(3.86毫莫耳)HATU。將反應混合物分成5份。將在密封試管內的各份在60℃的微波合成機內加熱30分鐘。從合併的反應混合物經由旋轉蒸發將溶劑移除(約40℃,約200毫巴,約30分鐘)。將粗產物在C18管柱上用水甲醇梯度從9/1至1/9經由製備級RP-HPLC純化。將含產物的部份合併並在減壓下濃縮至乾。此得到3.26克(2.75毫莫耳,71%理論值,78%純度)所要的產物,其為非對掌異構物之混合物。
LC-MS(方法1):Rt=1.41及1.43分鐘,m/z=924(M+H)+
O-[(4-{[(2R)-1-胺基-1-酮基-3-(三苯基硫基)丙-2-基]胺基}-3-[(第三丁氧羰基)-(甲基)胺基]-4-酮基丁基)胺基甲醯基]-N-(第三丁氧羰基)-L-酪胺酸
將2.2克(2.38毫莫耳)從實例9A的化合物溶解在48毫升四氫呋喃中。加入1.66毫升(11.9毫莫耳)三乙胺、0.45毫升(11.9毫莫耳)甲酸及0.275克(0.238毫莫耳)肆(三苯基膦)鈀(0)。將反應混合物在室溫攪拌過夜。將反應用約50毫升水稀釋並用約50毫升二氯甲烷萃取兩次。將合併的有機層用鹽水萃取,經由硫酸鈉乾燥並在減壓下濃縮至乾。將粗產物溶解在二氯甲烷中並經由約100克矽膠層析。使用的溶劑是二氯甲烷、二氯甲烷/甲醇50/1及二氯甲烷/甲醇4/1。將含產物的部份合併並在減壓
下濃縮至乾。此得到1.44克(1.61毫莫耳,68%理論值)產物之非對掌異構物的混合物。
LC-MS(方法1):Rt=1.20及1.24分鐘,m/z=884(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,δ/ppm):δ=8.00(m,1H),7.65-7.90(m,4H),7.18-7.35(m,18H),7.10(m,2H),6.96(m,4H),4.60(m,1H),4.46(m,1H),4.30(m,2H),4.05(m,2H),3.00(m,4H),2.75(m,6H),2.36(m,3H),2.00(m,2H),1.82(m,2H),1.40(m,3H),1.35(s,18H).
N5-[(4-{(2S)-3-(烯丙基氧基)-2-[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基]-3-酮基丙基}苯氧基)羰基]-N2-(第三丁氧羰基)-L-鳥胺酸
將6.00克(12.33毫莫耳)從實例1A的化合物溶解在120毫升二氯甲烷中。加入2.57克(12.33毫莫耳)N2-(第三丁氧羰基)-L-鳥胺酸。將反應混合物分成6份。將在密封試管內的各份在75℃的微波合成機內加熱90分鐘。將合併的反應混合物用約100毫升飽和的氯化銨溶液萃取。將水層用各約30毫升二氯
甲烷萃取兩次。將合併的有機層用約50毫升鹽水萃取並經由硫酸鈉乾燥。在減壓下將溶劑移除。將粗產物溶解在二氯甲烷中並經由約600毫升矽膠層析。使用的溶劑是二氯甲烷、二氯甲烷/甲醇40/1至二氯甲烷/甲醇1/1。將含產物的部份合併並在減壓下濃縮至乾。此得到2.63克(4.06毫莫耳,33%理論值,89%純度)的所要產物。
LC-MS(方法1):Rt=1.03分鐘,m/z=578(M-H)-
N5-[(4-{(2S)-3-(烯丙基氧基)-2-[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基]-3-酮基丙基}苯氧基)羰基]-N2-(第三丁氧羰基)-L-鳥胺醯基-S-三苯基-L-半胱胺醯胺
將1.20克(2.07毫莫耳)從實例11A的化合物溶解在48毫升二氯甲烷中。加入0.750克(2.07毫莫耳)S-三苯基-L-半胱胺醯胺、0.36毫升(2.07毫莫耳)N,N-二異丙基乙基胺及0.787克(2.07毫莫耳)HATU。將反應混合物分成3份。將在密封試管內的各份在60℃的微波合成機內加熱30分鐘。從合併的反應混合物
經由旋轉蒸發將溶劑移除(約40℃,約200毫巴,約30分鐘)。將粗產物溶解在二氯甲烷中並經由約400毫升矽膠層析。使用的溶劑是二氯甲烷/醋酸乙酯2/1、二氯甲烷/醋酸乙酯1/1。將含產物的部份合併並在減壓下濃縮至乾。此得到1.30克(1.5毫莫耳,56%理論值,82%純度)的所要產物。
LC-MS(方法1):Rt=1.35分鐘,m/z=924(M+H)+
N2-(第三丁氧羰基)-N5-[(4-{(2S)-2-[(第三丁氧羰基)胺基]-2-羧基乙基}苯氧基)-羰基]-L-鳥胺醯基-S-三苯基-L-半胱胺醯胺
將3.06克(2.33毫莫耳)從實例12A的化合物溶解在46毫升四氫呋喃中。加入1.63毫升(11.6毫莫耳)三乙胺、0.44毫升(11.6毫莫耳)甲酸及0.265克(0.233毫莫耳)肆(三苯基膦)鈀(0)。將反應混合物在室溫攪拌過夜。將反應用約50毫升水水稀釋並用約50毫升二氯甲烷萃取兩次。將合併的有機層用鹽水萃取,經由硫酸鈉乾燥並在減壓下濃縮至乾。將粗產物溶解在二氯甲烷中
並經由約500毫升矽膠層析。使用的溶劑是二氯甲烷、二氯甲烷/甲醇40/1及二氯甲烷/甲醇1/1。將含產物的部份合併並在減壓下濃縮至乾。此得到1.40克86%純度之粗產物。將產物在C18管柱上用水/甲醇梯度經由製備級RP-HPLC進一步純化後得到2個部份:0.93克產物(45%理論值)。
LC-MS(方法1):Rt=1.18分鐘,m/z=885(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,δ/ppm):δ=7.89(d,1H),7.65(t,1H),7.25-7.35(m,12H),7.20-7.25(m,6H),7.10-7.20(m,3H),6.95(d,2H),4.29(m,1H),4.05(m,1H),3.88(m,1H),3.11(d,1H),3.00(m,4H),2.75(m,2H),2.36(m,3H),1.64(m,1H),1.51(m,3H),1.36(s,9H),1.32(s,9H)。
Tentagel基底的醯胺樹脂連接的ADM(2-52)
在自動的肽合成機(Protein Technologies Inc.Symphony)上將肽逐步組合在基底的醯胺樹脂上。在並聯進行的相同化學中使用8個聚丙烯反應容器。各容器填入0.05毫莫耳Tentagel基底的Rink樹脂,總批次大小是0.4毫莫耳。
各胺基酸是在8倍莫耳數相對於添加的樹脂量下加入。胺基酸經Fmoc保護成N-末端的保護基團並使用下述保護基於側
鏈官能基。並加入188毫克(0.59毫莫耳,7.8當量)TBTU及0.21毫升(1.2毫莫耳,16當量)DIEA。在作為溶劑的DMF中進行反應,而DMF的使用量是足以膨脹樹脂並可自由攪拌。每種胺基酸的反應時間是約1小時。使用20%六氫吡啶/DMF達成Fmoc保護基的解離,而20%六氫吡啶/DMF的使用量是足以膨脹樹脂並可自由攪拌。
偶合序列是如下:
1.Tyr(tBu)(Tyr=Y=人類ADM的AA 52)
2.Gly(Gly=克=人類ADM的AA 51)
3.Gln(Trt)(Gln=Q=人類ADM的AA 50)
4.Pro(Pro=P=人類ADM的AA 49)
5.Ser(tBu)(Ser=S=人類ADM的AA 48)
6.Ile(Ile=I=人類ADM的AA 47)
7.Lys(Boc)(Lys=K=人類ADM的AA 46)
8.Ser(tBu)(Ser=S=人類ADM的AA 45)
9.Arg(pbf)(Arg=R=人類ADM的AA 44)
10.Pro(Pro=P=人類ADM的AA 43)
11.Ala(Ala=A=人類ADM的AA 42)
12.Val(Val=V=人類ADM的AA 41M)
13.Asn(Trt)(Asn=N=人類ADM的AA 40)
14.Asp(OtBu)(Asp=D=人類ADM的AA 39)
15.Lys(Boc)(Lys=K=人類ADM的AA 38)
16.Asp(OtBu)(Asp=D=人類ADM的AA 37)
17.Lys(Boc)(Lys=K=人類ADM的AA 36)
18.Asp(OtBu)(Asp=D=人類ADM的AA 35)
19.Thr(tBu)(Thr=T=人類ADM的AA 34)
20.Phe(Phe=F=人類ADM的AA 33)
21.Gln(Trt)(Gln=Q=人類ADM的AA 32)
22.Tyr(tBu)(Tyr=Y=人類ADM的AA 31)
23.Ile(Ile=I=AA 30 of human ADM)
24.Gln(Trt)(Gln=Q=人類ADM的AA 29)
25.His(Trt)(His=H=人類ADM的AA 28)
26.Ala(Ala=A=人類ADM的AA 27)
27.Leu(Leu=L=人類ADM的AA 26)
28.Lys(Boc)(Lys=K=人類ADM的AA 25)
29.Gln(Trt)(Gln=Q=人類ADM的AA 24)
30.Val(Val=V=人類ADM的AA 23)
31.Thr(tBu)(Thr=T=人類ADM的AA 22)
32.Cys(Trt)(Cys=C=人類ADM的AA 21)
33.Thr(tBu)(Thr=T=人類ADM的AA 20)
34.Gly(Gly=克=人類ADM的AA 19)
35.Phe(Phe=F=人類ADM的AA 18)
36.Arg(pbf)(Arg=R=人類ADM的AA 17)
37.Cys(Acm)(Cys=C=人類ADM的AA 16)
38.Gly(Gly=克=人類ADM的AA 15)
39.Phe(Phe=F=人類ADM的AA 14)
40.Ser(rBu)(Ser=S=人類ADM的AA 13)
41.Arg(pbf)(Arg=R=人類ADM的AA 12)
42.Leu(Leu=L=人類ADM的AA 11)
43.Gly(Gly=克=人類ADM的AA 10)
44.Gln(Trt)(Gln=Q=人類ADM的AA 9)
45.Phe(Phe=F=人類ADM的AA 8)
46.Asn(Trt)(Asn=N=人類ADM的AA 7)
47.Asn(Trt)(Asn=N=人類ADM的AA 6)
48.Met(Met=M=人類ADM的AA 5)
49.Ser(tBu)(Ser=S=人類ADM的AA 4)
50.Gln(Trt)(Gln=Q=人類ADM的AA 3)
51.Arg(pbf)(Arg=R=人類ADM的AA 2)
使用Cys(Trt)及Cys(Acm)保護而達成樹脂上的氧化,並使用碘(8當量碘加上8當量DIEA且反應時間是30分鐘)附隨解離保護基並氧化成二硫化物鍵結。經由樣本解離及使用HPLC與MALDI-MS分析而證實氧化。
將8個批次合併供後續使用。
O-{[(3S)-3-胺基-4-{[(2R)-1-胺基-1-酮基-3-硫基丙-2-基]胺基}-4-酮基丁基]-胺基甲醯基}-L-酪胺醯基-腎上腺髓素(2-52)
在0.075毫莫耳實例14A的化合物中加入520毫克(0.6毫莫耳,8當量)實例4A的化合物。並加入188毫克(0.59毫莫耳,7.8當量)TBTU及0.21毫升(1.2毫莫耳,16當量)DIEA。在作為溶劑的DMF中進行反應,而DMF的使用量是足以膨脹樹脂並可自由攪拌。在室溫下的反應時間是約1小時。使用足以膨脹樹脂並可將其自由攪拌的量之濃TFA將肽從樹脂解離並附隨全面去除保護,而TFA含有清除劑(各1-5%的水、酚、茴香硫醚及1,2-乙二醇),反應時間是2 ½小時。將粗產物冷凍乾燥並使用在水中的0.1% TFA及在乙腈中的0.1% TFA作為移動相經由RP-層析法純化,在純化及冷凍乾燥期間確保pH一直保持低於4。將經由MALDI-MS分析含有正確離子的全部洗提份合併。產量是44.0毫克部份純化的肽(約0.0035毫莫耳,約4.7%理論值;估計純度:約50%,主要雜質:ADM(2-52))。
MALDI MS(方法6):m/z=6275(M+H)+及5866(雜質:(ADM(2-52)+H)+)
O-{[4-{[(2R)-1-胺基-1-酮基-3-硫基丙-2-基]胺基}-3-(甲基胺基)-4-酮基丁基]-胺基甲醯基}-L-酪胺醯基-腎上腺髓素(2-52)
在0.075毫莫耳實例14A的化合物中加入530毫克(0.6毫莫耳,8當量)實例10A的化合物。並加入188毫克(0.59毫莫耳,7.8當量)TBTU及0.21毫升(1.2毫莫耳,16當量)DIEA。在作為溶劑的DMF中進行反應,而DMF的使用量是足以膨脹樹脂並可自由攪拌。在室溫下的反應時間是約1小時。使用足以膨脹樹脂並可將其自由攪拌的量之濃TFA將肽從樹脂解離並附隨全面去除保護,而TFA含有清除劑(各1-5%的水、酚、茴香硫醚及1,2-乙二醇),反應時間是2 ½小時。將粗產物冷凍乾燥並使用在水中的0.1% TFA及在乙腈中的0.1% TFA作為移動相經由RP-層析法純化,在純化及冷凍乾燥期間確保pH一直保持低於4。將經由MALDI-MS分析含有正確離子的全部洗提份合併。產量是34.0毫克部份純化的肽(約0.0026毫莫耳,約3.5%理論值;估計純度:約50%,主要雜質:ADM(2-52))。
MALDI MS(方法6):m/z=6289(M+H)+及5866(雜質:(ADM(2-52)+H)+)
O-{[(4R)-4-胺基-5-{[(2R)-1-胺基-1-酮基-3-硫基丙-2-基]胺基}-5-酮基戊基]-胺基甲醯基}-L-酪胺醯基-腎上腺髓素(2-52)
在0.075毫莫耳實例14A的化合物中加入530毫克(0.6毫莫耳,8當量)實例13A的化合物。並加入188毫克(0.59毫莫耳,7.8當量)TBTU及0.21毫升(1.2毫莫耳,16當量)DIEA。在作為溶劑的DMF中進行反應,而DMF的使用量是足以膨脹樹脂並可自由攪拌。在室溫下的反應時間是約1小時。使用足以膨脹樹脂並可將其自由攪拌的量之濃TFA將肽從樹脂解離並附隨全面去除保護,而TFA含有清除劑(各1-5%的水、酚、茴香硫醚及1,2-乙二醇),反應時間是2 ½小時。將粗產物冷凍乾燥並使用在水中的0.1% TFA及在乙腈中的0.1% TFA作為移動相經由RP-層析法純化,在純化及冷凍乾燥期間確保pH一直保持低於4。將經由MALDI-MS分析含有正確離子的全部洗提份合併。產量是47毫克部份純化的肽(約0.0037毫莫耳,約5.0%理論值;估計純度:約50%,主要雜質:ADM(2-52))。
MALDI MS(方法6):m/z=6289(M+H)+及5866(雜質:(ADM(2-52)+H)+)
O-{[(3S)-3-胺基-4-({(2R)-1-胺基-3-[(2,5-二酮基-1-{3-酮基-3-[(2-{ω-甲氧基-聚氧乙烯[40kDa]}乙基)胺基]丙基}吡咯啶-3-基)硫基]-1-酮基丙-2-基}胺基)-4-酮基丁基]胺基甲醯基}-L-酪胺醯基-腎上腺髓素(2-52)
將44毫克實例15A之粗肽與426毫克(10.5微莫耳,1.5當量,得自Dr.Reddys)40kDa甲氧基聚(乙二醇)馬來醯亞胺基丙醯胺在9毫升pH 4的檸檬酸鹽緩衝液中在室溫攪拌過夜。將粗反應混合物分成兩份注射在配備Phenomenex Luna 10μ Proteo C5 100A AXIA 250毫米x 21.2毫米管柱的製備級HPLC系統上並用水/乙腈(都含0.1% TFA)梯度層析。將洗提液收集在自動洗提液收集器的20毫升的試管內。為了確保足夠的酸性,收集前在各小瓶內加入0.5毫升醋酸。
ADM(2-52),其係實例15A之副產物且其在反應中沒有進行乙二醇化,並將未經反應的PEG完全移除。
將含有實例1的全部洗提液合併。在30℃水浴溫度及約50毫巴的旋轉蒸發器上將乙腈部份移除歷經約30分鐘。
加入0.5毫升醋酸後,將所得的溶液冷凍乾燥。實例1的總產量是109毫克(2.35微莫耳,33%理論值)。
HPLC(方法3):Rt=4.23-4.30分鐘
O-{[(3-N-甲基-胺基-4-({(2R)-1-胺基-3-[(2,5-二酮基-1-{3-酮基-3-[(2-{ω-甲氧基-聚氧乙烯[40kDa]}乙基)胺基]丙基}吡咯啶-3-基)硫基]-1-酮基丙-2-基}胺基)-4-酮基丁基]胺基甲醯基}-L-酪胺醯基-腎上腺髓素(2-52)
將15毫克實例16A之粗肽與145毫克(3.58微莫耳,1.5當量,得自Dr.Reddys)40kDa甲氧基聚(乙二醇)馬來醯亞胺基丙醯胺在5毫升pH 4的檸檬酸鹽緩衝液中在室溫攪拌過夜。將粗反應混合物注射在配備Phenomenex Jupiter 10μ C18300A 250毫米x 21.2毫米管柱的製備級HPLC系統上並用水/乙腈(都含0.1% TFA)梯度層析。將洗提液收集在自動洗提液收集器的20毫升的試管內。為了確保足夠的酸性,收集前在各小瓶內加入0.5毫升醋酸。
ADM(2-52),其係實例16A之副產物且其在反應中沒有進行乙二醇化,並將未經反應的PEG完全移除。
將含有實例2的全部洗提液合併。在30℃水浴溫度及約50毫巴的旋轉蒸發器上將乙腈部份移除歷經約30分鐘。
加入0.5毫升醋酸後,將所得的溶液冷凍乾燥。實例2的總產量是50毫克(1.08微莫耳,43%理論值)。
HPLC(方法4):Rt=2.02-2.08分鐘
O-{[(4S)-4-胺基-5-({(2R)-1-胺基-3-[(2,5-二酮基-1-{3-酮基-3-[(2-{ω-甲氧基-聚氧乙烯[40kDa]}乙基)胺基]丙基}吡咯啶-3-基)硫基]-1-酮基丙-2-基}胺基)-5-酮基戊基]胺基甲醯基}-L-酪胺醯基-腎上腺髓素(2-52)
將15毫克實例17A之粗肽與145毫克(3.58微莫耳,1.5當量,得自Dr.Reddys)40kDa甲氧基聚(乙二醇)馬來醯亞胺基丙醯胺在5毫升pH 4的檸檬酸鹽緩衝液中在室溫攪拌過夜。將粗反應混合物注射在配備Phenomenex Jupiter 10μ Proteo 90A AXIA 250毫米x 21.2毫米管柱的製備級HPLC系統上並用水/乙腈(都含0.1% TFA)梯度層析。將洗提液收集在自動洗提液收集器的20毫升的試管內。為了確保足夠的酸性,收集前在各小瓶內加入0.5毫升醋酸。
ADM(2-52),其係實例17A之副產物且其在反應中沒有進行乙二醇化,並將未經反應的PEG完全移除。
將含有實例3的全部洗提液合併。在30℃水浴溫度及約50毫巴的旋轉蒸發器上將乙腈部份移除歷經約30分鐘。
加入0.5毫升醋酸後,將所得的溶液冷凍乾燥。實例3的總產量是19.5毫克(0.42微莫耳,17%理論值)。
HPLC(方法4):Rt=2.02-2.08分鐘
根據本發明的化合物用於治療疾病之合適性可以使用下面的測試系統證明:
藉助帶有人類腎上腺髓素-受體的重組中國倉鼠卵巢(CHO)細胞系定量根據本發明的化合物之活性。受體經由配體之活化作用可以藉由水母發光蛋白的發光而測量。細胞系的建構及測量步驟經詳細陳述[Wunder F.,Rebmann A.,GeertsA,and Kalthof B.,Mol Pharmacol,73,1235-1243(2008)]。簡單地說:在4000個細胞/槽之密度下將細胞植在不透明384-槽微量滴定板上並生長24小時。移除培養介質後,將細胞與在補充0.2毫莫耳濃度3-異丁基-1-甲基黃嘌呤(IBMX)的無Ca2+ Tyrode溶液(130毫莫耳濃度氯化鈉、5毫莫耳濃度氯化鉀、20毫莫耳濃度HEPES(4-(2-羥基乙基)-1-六氫吡乙磺酸)、1毫莫耳濃度氯化
鎂及4.8毫莫耳濃度碳酸氫鈉,pH 7.4)中的0.6微克/毫升腔腸素填入細胞培養孵化器中經3小時。將化合物加入含有0.1%牛血清白蛋白的無Ca2+ Tyrode溶液經6分鐘。剛要加入Ca2+至最終濃度是3毫莫耳濃度之前,開始用合適的光度計測量水母發光蛋白的發光。測量發光經60秒。在一典型的實驗中,化合物是在1 x 10-13至3 x 10-6莫耳濃度之濃度範圍內測試。
為了測定從根據本發明的化合物釋出活性腎上腺髓素,化合物是在不同的濃度下在補充牛血清白蛋白、細胞培養介質或從不同物種的血漿在pH 7.4的Tyrode溶液中培養經不同的時間跨度達24小時。各培養介質之Ca2+含量是在添加樣本至腎上腺髓素-受體報導細胞之前經由加入4毫莫耳濃度EDTA(乙二胺四醋酸)而緩衝化。
經適當的預培養後,該具體實施例活化腎上腺髓素-受體報導細胞比先前的預培養更有效。此可經由預培養後測定的EC50值小於高達10倍的事實證明且可經由從化合物釋出活性腎上腺髓素而解釋。
具體實施例在補充2.5%牛血清白蛋白的緩衝液中培養24小時之前及之後的各EC50值是提供在下面表1中:
在人類臍靜脈細胞(HUVEC,Lonza)中在試管內-滲透性測試法中鑑定根據本發明的化合物之活性。經由使用ECIS裝置(ECIS:Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing;Applied Biophysics Inc;Troy,NY)在內皮單層改變跨內皮電阻(TEER),並經由使用植入細胞的小黃金電極連續測量。將HUVEC在96-槽感測器電極板(96W1E,Ibidi GmbH,Martinsricd)上成長至匯合的單層且可以經由發炎刺激誘發通透性,例如凝血酶、TNF-α、IL-1β、VEGF、組織胺及過氧化氫,其全都經證明造成內皮細胞接觸的分解並降低TEER。凝血酶是在0.5U/毫升的最終濃度使用。在添加凝血酶之前或之後加入測試化合物。在一典型的實驗中,化合物是在1 x 10-10至1 x 10-6莫耳濃度之濃度範圍測試。
具體實施例在此測試中在10-6莫耳濃度之濃度下抑制凝血酶誘發的高血壓。
在內皮細胞通透性之另一個試管內模式中,根據本發明的化合物之活性是檢測大分子滲透性之調節。人臍靜脈內皮細胞(HUVECS)成長至匯流於塗覆纖維連接蛋白的Transwell®過濾膜(24-槽板,6.5毫米-嵌件含0.4微莫耳濃度聚碳酸酯膜;Costar #3413)上,其分離上面與下面的組織培養腔室且內皮細胞在上面腔室的底部生長。上面腔室的介質是補充250微克/毫升40kDa FITC-Dextran(Invitrogen,D1844)。經由加入最終濃度是0.5U/毫升的凝血酶而誘發單層的高通透性。每隔30分鐘從下面腔室收集介質樣本並在合適的螢光計測量巨分子滲透性隨著時間改變的參數之相對螢光。凝血酶刺激在內皮單層上誘發幾乎兩倍的葡聚糖轉變。在一典型的實驗中,化合物是在1 x 10-10至1 x 10-6莫耳濃度之濃度範圍測試。
具體實施例在此測試中在10-6莫耳濃度之濃度下抑制凝血酶誘發的高通透性。
藉由無線電遙測測量血壓及心跳,在自由活動的有意識雌性Wistar大鼠(體重>200克)調查根據本發明的化合物之心血管效應。簡單地說,該遙測系統(DSI Data Science International,MN,USA)是包括3個主要元件:植入式發射器(TA11PA-C40)、接收器(RA1010)及基於電腦的擷取軟體(DataquestTM A.R.T.4.1 for Windows)。實驗前至少14天,將壓力植入物裝在大鼠上供長期使用。將感測器導管用4-0縫線捆綁數次而在從導管前端0.5
公分產生止動器。在導管植入期間,大鼠用戊巴比妥麻醉(Nembutal,Sanofi:50毫克/公斤腹腔內)。將腹皮刮毛後,進行腹部中線切口,在髂分叉和腎動脈之間將充滿流體的感測器導管插入暴露的降主動脈上游。將導管在止動器上捆綁數次。遙測導管的尖端剛好位在腎動脈的尾端並用組織黏著劑固定。封閉腹部之前將發射器主體固定在內腹膜壁。使用兩層的腹部切口閉合,個別縫合腹膜與肌肉壁後將外層皮膚閉合。為了手術後保護防止感染及疼痛,注射單一劑量的抗生素(土黴素10% R,5.0毫升/公斤皮下給藥,beta-pharma GmbH&Co,Germany)及止痛藥(Rimadyl R,5.0毫升/公斤皮下給藥,Pfizer,Germany)。硬體配置是配備於24隻動物。各大鼠籠子是位於個別接受器平台的上方。活化植入的發射器後,線上數據擷取系統採集數據並將遙測的壓力訊號轉化成毫米汞柱。氣壓參考容許絕對壓力(相對於真空)與環境大氣壓力之相關性。數據擷取軟體是預先定義每5分鐘取樣血液動力學數據經10秒。投藥測試化合物之前2小時開始收集數據至資料夾且在完成24小時循環後結束。在一典型的實驗中,測試化合物是以大丸劑在1至1000微克/公斤體重(所提的肽成份)的劑量下經由皮下或靜脈內投藥。
當在300微克/公斤體重的劑量下測試時,野生型腎上腺髓素(Bachem,H-2932)誘發的高血壓在此測試中持續時間降低為4小時[圖1]。
圖1:皮下投藥ADM或所示的媒劑(虛線)後,從遙測的血壓正常之雌性Wistar大鼠記錄的平均動脈血壓(MABP)之24小
時情形。數據點是從每組4隻動物的平均30分鐘間隔之平均值±SEM繪製。投藥經1小時後,用ADM處理的動物顯示MABP的平均下降是幾乎最大值的20%(實心圓)。約3.5小時後,MABP回復至底線值並在媒劑處理的動物之範圍內(空心圓)。
在此測試中,根據本發明之物質在劑量500微克/公斤體重(所提的肽成份)誘發血壓下降多達10小時[圖2]。
圖2:皮下投藥實例1或所示的媒劑(虛線)後,從遙測的血壓正常之雌性Wistar大鼠記錄的平均動脈血壓(MABP)之24小時情形。數據點是從每組6隻動物的平均30分鐘間隔之平均值±SEM繪製。在150微克/公斤體重(所提的肽成份)之劑量投藥實例1,降低MABP約15至19%直到投藥後6小時(實心圓)。投藥後6小時及14小時之間,MABP逐漸回復到底線值且最後是在媒劑處理的動物之範圍內。
使用皮內組織胺刺激試驗法在健康的動物評估根據本發明的化合物對血管屏障功能之效應。將雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠(體重>200克)用異氟醚麻醉(2%-3%於環境空氣中)並放至於仰臥位置。將腹部剃毛並將導管插入股靜脈。經由靜脈注射在適當的劑量下投藥只有媒劑(0.5毫升PBS+0.1%牛血清白蛋白)或測試化合物。經15分鐘後,第二次注射投藥100微升/公斤2%伊文思藍(Evans blue)(Sigma)溶液且隨後立即將適當濃度的100微升組織胺溶液(例如0-2.5-5-10-20-40微克/毫升)皮內注射至腹部皮膚。伊文思藍是一種高度血漿蛋白質結合的
染料且因此作為指示劑供蛋白質豐富的流體外滲及血管滲漏使用。此步驟經30分鐘後,經由過量的異氟醚將大鼠殺死且隨後斷頸並將腹部皮膚切除。使用8毫米的組織切割器將皮膚水腫風團切除,將組織樣本秤重並轉移至甲醯胺內經48小時以便萃取伊文思藍。在合適的光度計上在620毫微米及750毫微米波長測量樣本並根據公式A620(校正)=A620-(1.426 X A750+0.030)校正樣本的伊文思藍含量用於血紅素色素並根據標準曲線計算[方法改編自Wang L.F.,Patel M.,Razavi H.M.,WeickerS.,Joseph M.G.,McCormack D.G.,Mehta S.,Am.Respir Crit Care Med,165(12),1634-9(2002)]。
根據本發明的物質在此測試中降低經由組織胺刺激所誘發的蛋白質豐富的血漿流體之外滲。
使用脂多糖(LPS)的氣管內刺激檢視根據本發明的化合物對急性肺損傷的效應。將雄性BALB/c小鼠(平均動物重量20-23克)異氟醚麻醉(7%)並使用微量吸管滴入在100微升鹽水中從大腸桿菌的LPS(例如血清型055:B5;Sigma)。用於刺激的LPS之一般劑量範圍是1至10毫克/公斤體重。在滴入之前及之後的不同時間點,經由皮下途徑投藥測試化合物。一般劑量範圍是1至300微克/公斤體重。在此測試中,測試化合物投藥的一般時間點是LPS刺激前的15分鐘或刺激後1小時。LPS刺激後48小時,用異氟醚將小鼠深度麻醉並經由斷頸而殺死。氣管插管後,使用0.5毫升冰冷的鹽水進行支氣管空間的灌洗。準備
肺並秤重。在細胞計數器(Cell Dyn 3700,Abbott)上計數在支氣管灌洗液(BALF)中的細胞。在此測試中,LPS刺激後48小時,作為肺水腫測量的肺重量重複性地發現增加約50%或更多相較於對照組。
因為肺的重量在群組中只顯現非常低的變異性,使用絕對肺重量作為參數。LPS刺激後,在BALF中的白血球細胞計數一直都發現明顯增加相較於對照組。
當在劑量300微克/公斤體重(所提的肽成份)以大丸劑投藥時,投藥根據本發明的物質導致48小時後明顯降低肺重量及在BALF中的白血球細胞計數。
經由使用脂多糖(LPS)或油酸作為刺激劑,在麻醉的迷你豬誘發急性肺損傷。詳細地說:將體重約3.5至5.5公斤的雌性Göttingen迷你豬(Ellegaard,Denmark)在麻醉前於肌肉內注射Ketavet®/Stresnil®後,經由連續靜脈輸注Ketavet®、Dormicum®及Pancuronium®而保持麻醉。氣管插管後,使用潮氣量是30至50毫升的氧氣空氣混合物並固定頻率是25分鐘-1之兒科呼吸器(Sulla 808V;Dräger,Germany)將動物人工通氣。經由氧氣空氣混合物之比例調整吸入氧氣的分率(FiO2)將動脈PaCO2調整至約40mmHg。置入配合適當的壓力傳送器及記錄設備的探針及導管後,例行性地測量下面的心血管及呼吸道參數:中心靜脈壓(經由左側頸靜脈)、動脈血壓及心跳(BP及HR;經由左側頸主動脈)、左心室壓力(LVP;使用Millar導管[FMI,
Mod.:SPC-340S,REF:800-2019-1,4F]經由右頸動脈插入左心室)、肺動脈壓(PAP;使用ARROW Berman血管造影球囊導管[REF.:AI-07134 4 Fr.50cm]經由左頸靜脈放入肺動脈)、心臟輸出量(CO)及血管外肺水指數(EVWLI)經由使用PiCCO系統(Pulsion,Germany)連接至放入右股動脈的Pulsion 4F Thermodilution-導管(PV2014L08N)。測量CVP、BP、HR、LVP及PAP所用的導管是嵌合至Ponemah記錄系統。進行動脈血液氣體分析以測定PaO2/FiO2。根據American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS,PaO2/FiO2<300mmHg是視為存在急性肺損傷之指標。取決於施加的方案,投藥肺傷害誘發刺激劑後,實驗期間在4及5小時之間變化。實驗結束後,經由放血將豬殺死並從肺收集支氣管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)。經由使用血液細胞計數器(Cell DYN 3700)測定BALF之細胞含量。
在一典型的設定中,急性肺損傷是經由氣管內插管在各肺中氣管內滴入劑量是5毫克/公斤體重在鹽水中的脂多糖(LPS;E.coli 0111:B4;Sigma L2630)而誘發。對於刺激的反應是PAP及EVWLI增加而PaO2/FiO2下降至低於300mmHg。BALF中的細胞含量明顯增加。LPS刺激前15分鐘,靜脈內注射投藥本發明之化合物1,改善或防止LPS誘發的變化。
在另一個方案中,用乙醇稀釋(1:1)的油酸(OA;Sigma-Aldrich,O1008)在最終劑量是100毫克/公斤體重下靜脈內輸注15分鐘。用OA刺激導致增加PAP及EVLWI並降低PaO2/FiO2至低於300mmHg。開始OA輸注前15分鐘,經由投藥本發明之化合物1,改善或防止LPS誘發的變化。
發現實例1的劑量30微克/公斤體重(所提的肽成份)在所陳述的測試系統中具有活性。
根據本發明的化合物可以在下列方式中轉化成醫藥製劑:
在濃度低於飽和溶解度下將根據本發明的化合物溶解在生理上可接受的溶劑(例如pH 4至pH 7的緩衝液、等滲性氯化鈉溶液、葡萄糖溶液5%及/或PEG 400溶液30%)中。該溶液是經由過濾並填入無致熱原的注射容器而殺菌。
在濃度低於飽和溶解度下將根據本發明的化合物溶解在生理上可接受的溶劑(例如pH 4至pH 7的緩衝液、等滲性氯化鈉溶液、葡萄糖溶液5%及/或PEG 400溶液30%)中。該溶液是經由過濾並填入無致熱原的注射容器而殺菌。
Claims (10)
- 一種藥劑,其包含式(I)之化合物
其中n 代表數字0、1、2或3,R1 代表氫、甲基、乙基、正丙基或異丙基,R2 代表甲氧基封端的直鏈或支鏈PEG 20kDa至80kDa,或其鹽類、其溶劑化物或其鹽類之溶劑化物中之一者,並結合惰性無毒之藥學上合適的賦形劑,其中該藥劑係吸入之醫藥形式。 - 根據申請專利範圍第1項所述之藥劑,其特徵在於該式(I)之化合物定義如下:n 代表數字1或2,R1 代表氫或甲基,R2 代表經甲氧基封端的直鏈PEG 40kDa。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項所述之藥劑,其特徵在於該式(I) 之化合物定義如下:n 代表數字1或2,R1 代表氫,R2 代表經甲氧基封端的直鏈PEG 40kDa。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項所述之藥劑,其中該吸入之醫藥形式係選自由粉末吸入器與霧化器所組成之群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項所述之藥劑,更結合一種另外的活性成份,其選自由ACE抑制劑、血管緊張素受體拮抗劑、β-2受體促效劑、磷酸二酯酶抑制劑、糖皮質激素受體促效劑、利尿劑、重組血管緊張素轉化酶-2及乙醯基水楊酸所組成之群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第5項所述之藥劑,其中該另外的活性成份係選自:選自由依那拉普利(enalapril)、喹那普利(quinapril)、卡托普利(captopril)、賴諾普利(lisinopril)、雷米普利(ramipril)、地拉普利(delapril)、福辛普利(fosinopril)、培哚普利(perindopril)、西拉普利(cilazapril)、咪達普利(imidapril)、貝那普利(benazepril)、莫西普利(moexipril)、螺普利(spirapril)及群多普利(trandopril)所組成之群組的ACE抑制劑;選自由氯沙坦(losartan)、坎地沙坦(candesartan)、纈沙坦(valsartan)、替米沙坦(telmisartan)及恩布沙坦(embusartan)所組成之群組的血管緊張素受體拮抗劑;選自由沙丁胺醇(salbutamol)、吡布特羅(pirbuterol)、沙美特羅(salmeterol)、特布他林(terbutalin)、非諾特羅(fenoterol)、妥洛特羅(tulobuterol)、克倫特羅(clenbuterol)、瑞普特羅(reproterol)及福莫特羅(formoterol)所組成之群組的β -2受體促效劑;選自由米力農(milrinone)、氨力農(amrinone)、匹莫苯丹(pimobendan)、西洛他唑(cilostazol)、習多芬(sildenafil)、伐地那非(vardenafil)及他達拉非(tadalafil)所組成之群組的磷酸二酯酶(PDE)抑制劑;選自由皮質醇(cortiosol)、可體松(cortisone)、氫化可體松(hydrocortisone)、強體松(prednisone)、甲基強體松龍(methyl-prednisolone)、潑尼立定(prednylidene)、地夫可特(deflazacort)、氟可龍(fluocortolone)、曲安西龍(triamcinolone)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)及倍他米松(betamethasone)所組成之群組的糖皮質激素受體促效劑;選自由呋塞米(furosemide)、托拉塞米(torasemide)及氫氯苯噻噠嗪(hydrochlorothiazide)所組成之群組的利尿劑;重組血管緊張素轉化酶-2及乙醯基水楊酸所組成之群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項所述之藥劑,其用於治療及/或預防選自由心臟衰竭、冠心病、缺血及/或出血性中風、高血壓、肺性高血壓、週動脈阻塞性疾病、子癇前症、慢性阻塞性肺臟疾病、氣喘、急性及/或慢性肺水腫、因吸入有機粉塵及真菌、放射線菌或其他來源的顆粒之過敏性肺泡炎及/或肺炎、及/或急性化學性支氣管炎、急性及/或慢性化學性肺水腫、神經性肺水腫、因放射線之急性及/或慢性肺病徵、急性及/或慢性間質性肺病、在成人或小孩包括新生兒的急性肺損傷/急性呼吸窘迫症候群(ALI/ARDS)、肺炎及敗血症之繼發性ALI/ARDS、吸入性肺炎及吸入之繼發性ALI/ARDS、煙氣吸入之繼發性ALI/ARDS、輸血相關的急性肺損傷(TRALI)、手術後的ALI/ARDS及/或急性肺功能不全、外傷及/或燒傷、及/或呼吸器引發的肺損傷 (VILI)、胎糞吸入後的肺損傷、肺纖維化、高山症、腎小球性腎炎、急性腎損傷、心腎症候群、淋巴水腫、炎症性腸病、敗血症、敗血性休克、非感染源的全身性發炎反應症候群(SIRS)及蕁麻疹所組成之群組的心血管、水腫及/或發炎性疾病。
- 根據申請專利範圍第7項所述之藥劑,其中該心血管、水腫及/或發炎性疾病係選自由肺性高血壓、慢性阻塞性肺臟疾病、氣喘、急性及/或慢性肺水腫、因吸入有機粉塵及真菌、放射線菌或其他來源的顆粒之過敏性肺泡炎及/或肺炎、及/或急性化學性支氣管炎、急性及/或慢性化學性肺水腫、神經性肺水腫、因放射線之急性及/或慢性肺病徵、急性及/或慢性間質性肺病、在成人或小孩包括新生兒的急性肺損傷/急性呼吸窘迫症候群(ALI/ARDS)、肺炎及敗血症之繼發性ALI/ARDS、吸入性肺炎及吸入之繼發性ALI/ARDS、煙氣吸入之繼發性ALI/ARDS、輸血相關的急性肺損傷(TRALI)、手術後的ALI/ARDS及/或急性肺功能不全、外傷及/或燒傷、及/或呼吸器引發的肺損傷(VILI)、胎糞吸入後的肺損傷、肺纖維化及高山症所組成之群組。
- 一種式(Ia)化合物,
或其鹽類、其溶劑化物或其鹽類之溶劑化物中之一者。 - 一種式(IV)化合物,
其中n為1。
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| JP7001285B2 (ja) | 2017-03-29 | 2022-01-19 | 国立大学法人 宮崎大学 | 長時間作用型アドレノメデュリン誘導体 |
| GB201707938D0 (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-06-28 | Univ Sheffield | Compounds |
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