TW201924656A - 用於調節黑色素生成的方法及組成物 - Google Patents
用於調節黑色素生成的方法及組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201924656A TW201924656A TW107141981A TW107141981A TW201924656A TW 201924656 A TW201924656 A TW 201924656A TW 107141981 A TW107141981 A TW 107141981A TW 107141981 A TW107141981 A TW 107141981A TW 201924656 A TW201924656 A TW 201924656A
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- A61K38/08—Peptides having 5 to 11 amino acids
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- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/365—Lactones
- A61K31/366—Lactones having six-membered rings, e.g. delta-lactones
- A61K31/37—Coumarins, e.g. psoralen
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/04—Preparations for care of the skin for chemically tanning the skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
- A61K47/543—Lipids, e.g. triglycerides; Polyamines, e.g. spermine or spermidine
Landscapes
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
本文揭露一種組合物,包括由SEQ ID NO:1之序列所組成之胜肽,用以提高黑色素生成量。本文提供治療色素沉澱異常或狀況之方法及劑型。在某些具體實施例中,本文提供用於仿曬之多種組合物及方法。在其他具體實施例中,本文係針對被調製為醫藥及美容產品之前述組合物,且係針對包含所揭露組合物之醫療器材。
Description
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皮膚為人體最大的器官,主要結構為表皮層及真皮層兩層。表皮的作用為與外界接觸,而其自身的各種生物及物理特性,使表皮具備抵禦反覆出現的外界環境刺激,避免受損。表皮由數種細胞組成,例如角質細胞(keratinocytes)、黑色素細胞(melanocytes)、蘭格罕細胞(Langerhans cells)、默克細胞(Merkel cells)及發炎細胞(inflammatory cells)。
基底上層的角質細胞會分化成具化學及物理抗性的角質層,包覆於蛋白質及脂質(包括神經醯胺、膽固醇及脂肪酸)當中。角質化上皮組織的上層在自然脫落或經外力移除後,會誘發新陳代謝機制,促使底層細胞取代受損或流失的細胞。角質細胞最主要的功用為形成皮膚屏障,使身體免於各種化學性、物理性及機械性、微生物入侵、熱、紫外線等傷害,並防止水分流失。角質細胞亦為與表皮層相連的黏膜組織之主要成分。
人體的表皮層黑色素細胞分布於皮膚、毛囊、眼睛、內耳、骨骼、心臟及大腦當中,其主要功能為製造黑色素。黑色素細胞衍生自多能性神經脊細胞,會在複雜的調節路徑網絡交互作用下不斷分化。當黑色素細胞聚集於表皮層時,即表示大多數的黑色素細胞皆完全分化,並如同神經元一般具備長的生命週期增生能力。黑色素細胞為神經外胚層的樹突細胞,其前驅細胞為無色素的黑色素母細胞(melanoblast),由胚胎神經脊細胞分化而成。神經管關閉後,黑色素母細胞會遷移至人體中多個部位,並發展為黑色素細胞及周圍神經系統細胞、頭骨及頭部軟骨組織,以及眼睛的脈絡膜。能發展為黑色素細胞的黑色素母細胞大多分布於表皮的基底層及毛囊中,其特徵為會表現黑色素細胞專一性標記物。人體皮膚中的黑色素細胞周圍包覆有角質細胞(一個黑色素細胞周圍約包覆有36個角質細胞),黑色素細胞會將黑色素輸送至角質細胞。黑色素具有適合吸收紫外線及可見光的分子結構,因此有助於身體阻擋陽光中的紫外線。
黑色素廣泛存在動物界中,一般的作用為抵抗環境壓力源。黑色素雖然分布於表皮角質細胞中,但實際上係由大量存在於表皮最底層及少量存在於真皮層中的黑色素細胞所合成,且為於胞內合成的色素分子。眾所周知,不易曬黑之淺色皮膚的人較深色皮膚的人更容易罹患皮膚癌(如黑色素瘤)。動物會在體內合成黑色素加深皮膚顏色,以避免陽光對皮膚造成傷害。
在偽裝、擬態、社交、抵擋太陽輻射傷害方面,皮膚黑色素皆扮演舉足輕重的角色。隨著黑色微粒不斷在角質細胞內堆積,皮膚中會產生色素沉澱,而角質細胞則會形成可吸收紫外線的天然防曬結構,以防止紫外線侵入增殖細胞所在的皮膚深層區域。因此,皮膚內色素沉澱可保護DNA,使DNA不因陽光照射皮膚而損毀,同時有效阻止癌症形成。
黑色素分為三類,分別為褐黑色素(pheomelanin)、真黑色素(eumelanin)及神經黑色素(neuromelanin)。哺乳類動物黑色素細胞內調控真黑色素合成的主要因子為黑皮質素-1受體(MC1R)。MC1R係一與G蛋白耦合之受體,其具備七個穿膜域。MC1R會在黑色素細胞表面上表現,且經由環腺苷酸 (cAMP)路徑之活化發送訊號。MC1R屬於黑皮質素受體家族(MC1-5R)之一員,且係唯一會表現於黑色素細胞上的黑皮質素受體。活體內研究顯示,對人類受試者注射經純化之黑皮質素時,會誘發色素沉澱反應的增加。1990年代早期,自人類黑色素細胞選殖MC1R
基因並顯示被表現的受體具有功能性,此結果強烈證明,MC1R透過直接影響黑色素細胞內的黑色素合成,以調控人類皮膚色素沉澱的重要性。
MC1R
基因係導致人類膚色多樣性的主要成因。流行病學研究發現,各人種會表現出多種的MC1R多型性(接近200種等位基因變體)。野生型MC1R
基因多半出現在非洲,當地人的黑色皮膚中真黑色素含量高,是適應赤道陽光的必備條件。某些與淺色皮膚及紅髮表現型關聯的變體,主要包括R151C、R160W及D294H,則大量表現於北歐人及澳洲凱爾特人中。這類人的膚色表現型會提高黑色素瘤的發生率,也顯示MC1R
基因與黑色素瘤之發生密切相關。MC1R
基因具有其他的細胞保護功能,包括抗氧化防禦機轉、DNA修復、藉NF-κB信號傳遞路徑調節發炎反應。超過100種MC1R
基因變體會在特定密碼子上形成不同的胺基酸,這些變體一般稱為非同義變體(non-synonymous variants),具有高度變異性。
數十年來,有相當多人投入黑皮質素研究,希望開發出無需陽光曝曬即可促使色素沉澱(仿曬)的黑皮質素類似物。許多人亦嘗試將黑皮質素類似物標定於化療製劑上,以選擇性根除黑色素腫瘤細胞。最廣為人知、相關研究最豐富的黑色素類似物為NDP-MSH(Ac-[Nle4
, D-Phe7
]-α-MSH),研究證明,NDP-MSH的效力較兩棲動物、爬蟲動物及哺乳動物體內的原生α-MSH高出至少100倍,且明顯更加穩定、長效。針對經培養的人類黑色素細胞之酪胺酸酶(tyrosinase)的活性,NDP-MSH所能造成的影響較α-MSH更強、更長效。對人類受試者全身性施予NDP-MSH的試驗結果顯示,在無陽光曝曬的情形下,NDP-MSH能有效促使色素沉澱。對受試者施予此類似物後,其體內因陽光引起之DNA損傷的程度下降,顯見NDP-MSH具備光保護效果。不過,施予NDP-MSH亦有其副作用,包括噁心及食慾不振,其可歸因於NDP-MSH結合及活化於除黑色素細胞外之其他細胞上表現的黑皮質素受體。
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本文揭露一種短胜肽,即本文所稱之P131(SEQ ID NO: 1),其具備可調節黑色素生成之優點。本文顯示,P131可調升MC1R以及其他與黑色素生成相關基因之表現量。具體而言,本文顯示P131可提高黑色素生成量。P131的另一項優點為可調升與間質修補及重塑、維持皮膚屏障功能恆定性相關之基因的表現量。此外,P131可顯著調降參與促發炎路徑之基因的表現量。有鑑於此,可將本文中的P131胜肽調製為一組合物或藥物(如乳液、乳霜等),供受試者施用以進行仿曬、改變髮色或者治療或改善狀況、疾病或異常。過去並未發現P131胜肽能調節黑色素生成。
在本文的描述當中,除非另有說明,任何濃度範圍、百分比範圍、比率範圍或整數範圍應理解為包含所述範圍內的任何整數,如有必要時,則包含整數的小數部分(如一整數的小數點第一位或第二位)。除非另有說明,就本文所述的物理特徵,如聚合物次單元(polymer subunits)、大小或厚度而言,與其相關的任何數字範圍皆應理解為包含所述範圍內的任何整數。除非另有說明,本文所使用之「大約」一詞,意指所述範圍、數值或結構的±20%範圍內。
應理解的是,除非另有說明,本文所使用之「或」一詞皆包含「及/或」之義(即用來指涉任一者、兩者或其他替代詞之任何組合)。
此外,除非另有說明,本說明書與所附請求項中使用之「一」、「一個」及「該」等單數修飾語亦指涉複數。
「包括」、「具有」、「包含」等詞及其他變體皆屬同義,且應被理解為不具限制性。
本文所使用之「一前述之組合(a combination thereof)」一詞,係指該詞前方列舉項目的所有可能組合其中之一。舉例而言,「A、B、C或一前述之組合(a combination thereof)」係欲指涉A、B、C、AB、AC、BC或ABC任一組合。同樣地,本文所使用之「前述之組合(combinations thereof)」一詞,係指該詞前方列舉項目之所有可能組合。舉例而言,「A、B、C及前述之組合(combinations thereof)」係欲指涉A、B、C、AB、AC、BC及ABC的所有組合。
本文所使用之「黑色素生成」一詞,係指黑色素產生的過程。黑色素生成會在哺乳動物皮膚上形成持久曬痕。黑色素生成分為基態與激發態,一般而言,淺色皮膚人種的黑色素生成基態較低。如本文所述,本文各具體實施例提供促進或激發受試者體內黑色素生成的方法,該方法係藉由對受試者施予包含具SEQ ID NO: 1序列之胜肽的一組合物。經促進或激發的黑色素生成,可使患有色素沉澱病症的皮膚回復正常色素沉澱,或不需紫外線曝曬的風險而可使皮膚維持曬痕。
本文中的SEQ ID NOs: 1、2及3皆包括於一研究當中,該研究提出尚未揭露的新穎皮膚科療法。
使用B16F10黑色素細胞對SEQ ID NOs: 1、2、3三種胜肽進行黑色素篩選試驗。在與B16F10細胞共同培養後,SEQ ID NO: 1顯著促進黑色素產生,增幅具劑量依存性(見表1)。將加水處理之黑色素細胞的黑色素生成量提升率定為100%,則加入SEQ ID NO: 1之黑色素細胞於50 µg/ml下的黑色素生成量提升率為153%,於200 µg/ml下的黑色素生成量提升率為346%(見表1)。研究發現,前述誘發產量情形皆由SEQ ID NO: 1所導致,而SEQ ID NO: 2及SEQ ID NO: 3並不具任何誘發黑色素生成量的能力。
為確認促發黑色素產生的原因為細胞毒性或細胞異常,使用MTT試驗測定細胞活性。如表2所示,於促發黑色素生成的必要濃度下,所有的胜肽皆不對B16F10黑色素細胞或新生兒皮膚纖維母細胞(neonatal dermal fibroblast)的活性構成顯著影響。
使用MatTek’s MelanoDerm 模型進一步研究SEQ ID NO: 1,該模型由普通人源表皮角質細胞(NHEK)及黑色素細胞(NHM)組成,為透過細胞培養形成之高度分化人類表皮多層模型。共同培養物中的NHM會生成黑色素,引發組織中的色素沉澱。以SEQ ID NO: 1處理MelanoDerm組織24小時,再分析全部107組基因。
如表3所示,SEQ ID NO: 1會顯著調升以下基因的表現量:MC1R(4.02倍)、MITF(1.93倍)、BMP4(1.92倍)。此三組基因是黑色素生成的關鍵。此外,與間質修補及重塑相關的基因,如MMP9及KLK8等,其表現量也顯著被調升。表現量同樣被調升的基因還包括FLG(1.92倍)、AQP5(1.82倍),即維持皮膚屏障功能恆定性的重要基因。SEQ ID NO: 1顯著調降大多數(甚至所有)參與促發炎路徑之基因的表現量,包括IL1-β、IL8、PTGS2、TNF-α、LIF、IL1-α及IL6(表3)。
本文包含之所有胜肽皆以Fmoc(茀甲氧羰基(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl))固態化學法合成。可使用標準胺基酸,將該等胜肽製備為醯胺化或自由酸序列。將C-端醯胺化可使本案之胜肽更不易受蛋白酶降解影響,並使其溶解度優於自由酸型態,因此可帶來更高療效。該等胜肽可包含L-及/或D-胺基酸鏡像異構物。該等胜肽可包括D-及/或L-胺基酸。該等胜肽可包括所有的D-胺基酸。該等胜肽的N-端及C-端皆可修飾。舉例而言,將N-端脂質化或乙醯化可提升胜肽穿透皮膚的能力,且無須改變其生物活性功能(見Samah A and Haerd CM.Int J Cosmet Sci.
2011 Dec;33(6):483-90,全文以引用方式併入本文中)。因此,該等胜肽可被脂質化並增加皮膚穿透力。可用於提供本文所述化合物之C12-18脂質成分的飽和或不飽和脂肪酸包括月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕櫚酸、硬脂酸、肉豆蔻油酸、棕櫚油酸、油酸及亞麻油酸。該等胜肽之C-端可由酸基(-COOH)或醯胺基(-CONH2
、-CONHR或-CONR2
)修飾。將C-端醯胺化可使該等胜肽更不易受蛋白酶降解影響,並使其極性優於自由酸型態,藉此帶來更高療效。該等胜肽中可被修飾的基團亦包括羥基、胺基、胍基(guanidinium)、羧基、酚基、咪唑環或氫硫基(sulfhydryl)。
胜肽亦可與可溶或不可溶載體分子共軛,以按需求調整其溶解度,並增加目標組織的局部胜肽濃度。可溶載體分子包括但不限於聚乙二醇(PEG)與聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinylpyrrolidone)的聚合物;不可溶聚合物包括但不限於矽酸鹽(silicate)、聚苯乙烯(polystyrene)及纖維素。可利用微脂體技術或奈米技術以將胜肽置入微囊中,以提升其穩定度並且易於控制其釋放量。該等胜肽可藉由其他胜肽(如細胞穿透胜肽)協助運輸,以使胜肽更容易穿透細胞膜並抵達位於細胞間的目標。通用前述的流程,該等胜肽可使用本發明所屬技術領域中具通常知識者所習知的任何方法製備,如以下文獻所揭露的方法:Merrifield (J Am Chem Soc.
85:2149, 1963); Carpino et al. (J Org Chem.
51:3732, 1986);Merrifield et al. (Anal Chem.
38:1905, 1966);或 Kent et al. [High Yield Chemical Synthesis Of Biologically Active Peptides On An Automated Peptide Synthesizer Of Novel Design
, IN: PEPTIDES 1984 (Ragnarsson, ed.) Almqvist and Wiksell Int., Stockholm (Sweden), pp. 185-188]。上述文獻之全文內容皆以引用形式併入本文中。
在某些具體實施例中,本發明提供一種美容組合物,其包含具備胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO: 1或由胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO: 1組成之胜肽、醫藥上或美容上可接受之載體,以及第二活性製劑。在某些具體實施例中,該美容組合物係仿曬組合物。在某些具體實施例中,該美容組合物係仿曬組合物,而該第二活性製劑係仿曬劑。範例仿曬劑包括二羥丙酮(dihydroxyacetone)、赤蘚酮糖(erythrulose)、角黃素(canthaxanthin),或前述之任何組合。
在某些具體實施例中,該美容組合物可使頭髮健康生長,以預防白髮生長。在某些具體實施例中,該美容組合物之用途為將白髮恢復自然色素沉澱。在特定具體實施例中,該美容組合物包含第二製劑,如甲硫胺酸(methionine)、半胱胺酸(cysteine)、薊、椰子油、荷荷芭油(jojoba oil)、芥末籽油(muster seed oil)、蓖麻油(castor oil)、泛酸(pantothenic acid)、生物素(biotin)、銅、維生素B6、氨、指甲花(henna)或前述之任何組合。在特定具體實施例中,該第二活性製劑係染髮劑,且包含1,4-苯二胺(1,4-diaminobenzene)、1,3-苯二胺(1,3-diaminobenzene)、2,5-二胺基甲苯(2,5-diaminotoluene)、酚及萘酚(naphthols),如3-胺基酚(3-aminophenol (CAS#591-27-5))、5-胺基-2-甲基苯酚(5-amino-2-methylphenol (CAS#2835-95-2))及1-萘酚(1-naphthol (CAS#90-15-3))、間苯二酚(resorcinol)、4-氯間苯二酚(4-chlororesorcinol)及苯並二氧雜環戊烯(benzodioxoles)、耦合劑、氧化劑或前述之任何衍生物或組合。2,5-二胺基甲苯與耦合劑3-胺基酚之組合可形成洋紅棕色染劑,而2,5-二胺基甲苯與耦合劑1-萘酚之組合則可形成紫色染劑。間苯二酚、4-氯間苯二酚及苯並二氧雜環戊烯於彼此反應形成染劑後會導致寬帶吸收(broad-band absorption),可使髮色更加自然。2,5-二胺基甲苯與耦合劑間苯二酚之組合可形成綠棕色染劑。
在某些具體實施例中,本發明提供一種醫藥組合物,包含具備胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO: 1或由胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO: 1組成之胜肽、醫藥上可接受之載體,以及穿透增強劑、廣效性防曬乳或第二活性製劑,該第二活性製劑用於治療或改善與色素沉澱異常相關的症狀。範例穿透增強劑包括微脂體、脂質奈米載體、聚山梨醇酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、月桂氮酮(laurocapram)、卡必醇P(transcutol P)、松脂醇(terpineol)、桉油醇(cineole)、亞碸類(如二甲基亞碸(DMSO))、氮酮類(如月桂氮酮)、吡咯烷酮類(如2-吡咯烷酮)、醇類及烷醇類(如乙醇或癸醇)、二醇類(如丙二醇,為外用劑型常包含之賦形劑)、介面活性劑(常見於劑型形式)及萜烯(terpenes)。範例廣效性防曬乳包括二氧化鈦、氧化鋅、阿伏苯宗(avobenzone)、植物萃取物或前述之任何組合。
在某些具體實施例中,該醫藥組合物包含該第二活性製劑,且該第二活性製劑用於治療或改善與白斑症(vitiligo)相關的症狀,並包含鈣調磷酸酶抑制劑(calcineurin inhibitor)、氧沙林(oxsoralen)、甲氧沙林(methoxsalen)、全反式視黃酸(all-trans-retinoic acid)、補骨脂素(psoralens)或前述之任何組合。
在某些具體實施例中,該醫藥組合物包含該第二活性製劑,且該第二活性製劑用於治療或改善與色素減退(hypopigmentation)相關的症狀,並包含全反式視黃酸、補骨脂素、抗發炎製劑、皮質類固醇、抗菌或抗黴製劑、胞外間質增強劑、可輔助皮膚障壁之脂質、植物性成分,或前述之任何組合。
在某些具體實施例中,該組合物內之胜肽的濃度範圍為自0.01 µg/ml至大約50 mg/ml,按該組合物之重量計。該濃度範圍可包括但不限於0.1 µg/ml至20 mg/ml;0.5 µg/ml至10 mg/ml;1 µg/ml至5 mg/ml;2 µg/ml至2 mg/ml;3 µg/ml至1.5 mg/ml;4 µg/ml至1 mg/ml;5 µg/ml至800 µg/ml;6 µg/ml至500 µg/ml;10 µg/ml至450 µg/ml;15 µg/ml至400 µg/ml;20 µg/ml至350 µg/ml;25 µg/ml至300 µg/ml;30 µg/ml至250 µg/ml;40 µg/ml至200 µg/ml;45 µg/ml至150 µg/ml;50 µg/ml至100 µg/ml;10 µg/ml至100 µg/ml;100 µg/ml至300 µg/ml;300 µg/ml至500 µg/ml;500 µg/ml至1 mg/ml;or 1 mg/ml至10 mg/ml;50 µg/ml至200 µg/ml、200 µg/ml至500 µg/ml、1 mg/ml至10 mg/ml或10 mg/ml至100 mg/ml,按該組合物之重量計。所調配之最終濃度可於前述範圍外變化,視組織條件性質、該胜肽之生物活性及用於增強組合物吸收的任何佐劑或技術之使用而定。
一般而言,一種醫藥上或美容上可接受之劑型包括可施用於人類皮膚上之任何合適載體(如醫藥上或美容上可接受之載體)。前述醫藥上或美容上可接受之載體包括乙醇、二甲基亞碸、甘油、二氧化矽、氧化鋁、澱粉及類同之載體及稀釋劑。在某些具體實施例中,該醫藥上或美容上可接受之載體不由水組成,或基本上不由水組成。
在《個人保養品協會之國際美容成分辭典及手冊》(Personal Care Products Council International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, Sixteenth Edition 2016)中,描述了許多種不具限制性的美容及醫藥成分,其經常用於皮膚保養產業,亦適用於本文之組合物。前述成分可包括磨料、吸收劑、如香味、顏料、色素/著色劑、精油、皮膚感受劑、收斂劑等美容成分(如丁香油、薄荷醇、樟腦油、尤加利精油、丁香油酚、薄荷醇乳酸酯、金縷梅蒸餾液)、抗痘劑、抗結塊劑、抗起泡劑、抗菌劑(如碘丙炔醇丁基氨甲酸酯(iodopropyl butylcarbamate))、抗氧化劑、黏合劑、生物製劑、緩衝劑、膨脹劑、螯合劑(chelating agent)、化學添加物、美容品殺菌劑(cosmetic biocide)、變性劑、藥物收斂劑(drug astringent)、外用鎮痛藥、成膜劑或材料、乳濁劑、pH調整劑、推進劑、還原劑、鉗合劑(sequestrant)、皮膚漂白及亮膚劑(如對苯二酚、麴酸、抗壞血酸、抗壞血酸磷酸酯鎂(magnesium ascorbyl phosphate)、抗壞血酸葡萄糖胺(ascorbyl glucosamine))、皮膚調節劑(如保濕劑)、皮膚舒緩及/或治療劑(如泛醇及其衍生物、蘆薈膠、泛酸及其衍生物、尿囊素(allantoin)、沒藥醇(bisabolol)及甘草酸二鉀鹽(dipotassium glycyrrhizinate))、皮膚治療劑、增稠劑,以及維生素與其衍生物。
此外,本文所揭露之任何組合物可包含穿透增強劑。本文所使用之「穿透增強劑(penetration enhancers)」或「滲透增強劑(permeation enhancers)」一詞,係指能使具療效的胜肽更容易穿透皮膚障壁的物質。眾所周知,皮膚(尤其是角質層)會形成一道物理障壁,阻隔外在環境的有害刺激。但如此一來,皮膚也會干擾外用藥物的吸收及經皮運輸。一般而言,穿透增強劑能降低皮膚的干擾或阻隔程度,讓具療效藥物更容易穿透皮膚。具體而言,這類能干擾角質層正常結構的物質可干擾細胞間脂質組織,減少其障壁效果。此類物質可包括能分解為小粒滲入角質層脂質並造成直接影響的任何脂質材料,或是會影響蛋白質並間接干擾脂質結構的任何脂質材料。除此之外,如乙醇等溶劑可去除角質層裡的脂質,藉以破壞其脂質組織及屏障功能。
穿透增強劑或屏障功能干擾劑之實例包括但不限於醇類增強劑,如帶有1至16個碳的烷醇、苯甲醇、丁二醇、二乙二醇、四氫呋喃聚乙二醇醚(glycofurol)、甘油酯、丙三醇、甘油、苯乙醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙烯醇及酚;醯胺增強劑,如N-丁基-N-十二烷基乙醯胺(N-butyl-N-dodecylacetamide)、克羅米通(crotamiton)、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(N,N-dimethylformamide)、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺(N,N-dimethylacetamide)、N-甲基甲醯胺(N-methyl formamide)及尿素;胺基酸,如L-α-胺基酸及水溶性蛋白質;氮酮及類氮酮化合物,如雜環烷烴(azacycloalkanes);精油,如杏仁油、丁酸戊酯、杏桃核仁油、酪梨油、樟腦油、蓖麻油、1-香芹酮(1-carvone)、椰子油、玉米油、棉花籽油、丁香油酚、薄荷醇、茴香油、丁香油、橙油、花生油、薄荷油、玫瑰花油、紅花籽油、芝麻油、鯊魚肝油(角鯊烯(squalene))、黃豆油、葵花油及核桃油;維生素及草本植物,如蘆薈、尿囊素、黑核桃萃取物、洋甘菊萃取物、泛醇、木瓜素、生育醇(tocopherol)及棕櫚酸維生素A;蠟,如小燭樹蠟(candelilla wax)、巴西棕櫚蠟(carnauba wax)、純地蠟(ceresin wax)、蜜蠟、羊毛脂蠟、荷荷芭油、礦脂(petrolatum);混合酯,如分餾植物油脂肪酸之一級酯與甘油或丙二醇之混合,及交酯化中鏈三酸甘油酯(interesterified medium chain triglyceride oils);脂肪酸及脂肪酸酯,如己酸戊酯、乙酸丁酯、辛酸、鯨蠟酯(cetyl ester)、癸二酸二乙酯(diethyl sebacate)、蘋果酸二辛酯(dioctyl malate)、反式油酸辛酸乙酯(elaidic acid ethyl caprylate)、棕櫚酸硬脂酸乙二醇酯(ethyl glycol palmitostearate)、山嵛酸甘油酯(glyceryl behenate)、葡萄糖麩胺酸、乙酸異丁酯、月桂醇聚醚-4、月桂酸、蘋果酸、癸酸甲酯、礦物油、肉豆蔻酸、油酸、棕櫚酸、聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐單油酸酯(polyoxylene sorbitan monooleate)、聚丙二醇、丙二醇、硬脂酸蔗糖酯、水楊酸、檸檬酸鈉、硬脂酸、肥皂及己酸/辛酸/癸酸/月桂三酸甘油酯;巨環(macrocyclics),如丁基羥基茴香醚(butylated hydroxyanisole)、環十五內酯(cyclopentadecanolide)、環糊精(cyclodextrins);磷脂質及磷酸酯增強劑,如二烷基磷酸酯(dialkylphosphates)、雙十四烷基磷酸酯(ditetradecyl phosphate)、卵磷脂、2-吡咯烷酮衍生物,如烷基吡咯烷酮-5-羧酸酯(alkyl pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate esters),焦谷胺酸酯(pyroglutamic acid esters)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(N-methyl pyrrolidone)、生物可分解軟穿透增強劑(biodegradable soft penetration enhancer)、如二噁烷(dioxane)衍生物及二氧戊環(dioxolane)衍生物;亞碸增強劑,如二甲基亞碸及癸基甲基亞碸(decylmethyl sulphoxide);酸增強劑,如海藻酸(alginic acid)、山梨酸(sorbic acid)、琥珀酸(succinic acid);環胺;咪唑啉酮(imidazolinones)、咪唑(imidazoles);酮,如丙酮、矽靈(dimethicone)、丁酮(methyl ethyl ketone)及戊二酮(pentanedione);羊毛脂衍生物,如羊毛脂醇、聚乙二醇16羊毛脂及乙醯化羊毛脂;噁唑啉(oxazolines);噁唑啉酮(oxazolindinones);脯胺酸酯(proline esters);吡咯(pyrroles)、胺基甲酸乙酯(urethanes);及界面活性劑,如壬苯醇醚、聚山梨醇(polysorbates)、聚氧乙烯醚(polyoxylene alcohols)、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯(polyoxylene fatty acid esters)、月桂硫酸鈉(sodium lauryl sulfate)及山梨醇酐單硬脂酸酯(sorbitan monostearate)。
在某些具體實施例中,本文所揭露之組合物進一步包含化合物,其可促進皮膚之微循環及使黑色素細胞接觸更多氧氣;可強化光保護作用,使黑色素細胞免受自然與人工紫外線曝曬威脅;可促進黑色素生成量及穩定性;可誘發胞外間質代謝;或在施用於皮膚時可與角質層內之胺基酸反應,以產生色素,化合物包括但不限於菸鹼酸芐酯(benzyl nicotinate)、苯丙胺酸(phenylalanine)、甲硫胺酸、乙醯半胱胺酸(acetyl cysteine)、酪胺酸(tyrosine);可誘發膠原蛋白及胞外間質組成之胜肽、抗發炎胜肽、二羥丙酮、赤蘚酮糖、角黃素、維生素、植物性成分、礦物質,例如銅、鋅及/或β-胡蘿蔔素。
在某些具體實施例中,本文揭露之任何該等組合物,其形式為凝膠、溶液、液體、噴液、噴霧(如仿曬噴霧)、乳化劑、乳液、慕斯、濕巾、微囊、精華液、乳霜、軟膏、粉末、泡沫、塗膏或其他醫藥上或美容上可接受之劑型。在某些具體實施例中,該胜肽包覆於微脂體或微海綿中。
在某些具體實施例中,本文揭露之任何該等組合物進一步包含防曬劑、皮膚調整劑、仿曬劑、皮膚亮白劑、皮膚保護劑、潤膚霜、增稠劑、賦形劑、保濕劑或前述之任何組合。
在某些具體實施例中,本文揭露之任何該等組合物進一步包含脂肪醇、脂肪酸、有機鹼、無機鹼、防腐劑、酯蠟、類固醇、三酸甘油酯、磷脂、多元醇酯、脂肪醇醚、親水性羊毛脂衍生物、親水性蜜蠟衍生物、可可脂蠟、矽油、pH平衡劑、纖維素衍生物、烴油或前述之任何組合。
在某些具體實施例中,該等組合物可選擇性具有美容效果,及/或包含其他藥劑如視黃醇類、麴酸、維生素C、透明質酸、幹細胞萃取物或其他胜肽(如細胞穿透胜肽),可做為本案之胜肽用於治療時的佐劑。亦可在藥劑中加入抗生素,以預防感染症狀,藉此使療效發揮至最大。
在某些具體實施例中,該組合物可包含蛋白酶抑制劑。可挑選蛋白酶抑制劑,以專門抑制可能會使生物活性胜肽降解的蛋白酶。挑選蛋白酶抑制劑之依據,係基於該生物活性胜肽的長度及/或序列。不過,挑選蛋白酶抑制劑時無需特定方式;舉例而言,包含兩種或多種抑制劑之蛋白酶抑制劑混合物可適用於本文中。以下列舉之蛋白酶抑制劑可併入本文中:絲胺酸蛋白酶抑制劑(serine protease inhibitors)、半胱胺酸蛋白酶抑制劑(cysteine protease inhibitors)、天門冬胺酸蛋白酶抑制劑(aspartate protease inhibitors)、金屬蛋白酶抑制劑(metalloproteinase inhibitors)、硫醇蛋白酶抑制劑(thiol protease inhibitors)及蘇胺酸蛋白酶抑制劑(threonine protease inhibitors)。本文中所使用之蛋白酶抑制劑可為胜肽或蛋白質或化學物質。不具限制性之此類抑制劑為絲胺酸蛋白酶抑制劑,其包括α-1-抗胰蛋白酶(alpha-1-antitrypsin)、補體1-抑制劑(complement 1-inhibitor)、 抗凝血酶(antithrombin)、α-1-抗胰凝乳蛋白酶(alpha-1-antichymotrypsin)、纖維溶解酶原活化酶抑制劑1(plasminogen activator inhibitor 1)及神經絲胺酸蛋白酶抑制劑(neuroserpin)或可作為本案胜肽用於治療時之佐劑的化學物質,包括但不限於熊果酸(ursolic acid)及傳明酸(tranexamic acid)。
在特定實例中,該組合物可置於位於皮上、皮內或皮下的裝置內。前述裝置包含經皮貼片、植入物及注射劑,其可經由被動或主動釋放機制釋放與皮膚或毛囊接觸之物質。在某些具體實施例中,本文所揭露之任何組合物皆可置於一器械中,該器械可透過離子導入法(iontophoreisis)或超音波傳輸該胜肽。在某些具體實施例中,本文所揭露之任何組合物皆與一裝置整合,該裝置可用於施用該組合物於皮膚組織下方、黏液組織、皮膚表面或頭皮。
可針對一受試者施予本文之胜肽及相關組合物。「受試者」係指人類及動物,包括所有哺乳動物。施予前述物質時,亦可搭配典型材料及/或實驗材料進行操作,如組織移植物、皮膚替代物、組織培養物及敷料。範例包括但不限於紗布(織物或不織布、浸漬式、不沾黏式、填塞用、清創用);壓迫繃帶(compression bandages)及系統;傷口填料及清潔劑;接觸層敷料(contact layers);膠原蛋白;羊膜;去細胞人類真皮(acellular human dermis);去細胞間質及組合物;及多種常用敷料。
最常用之敷料包括但不限於吸收劑;海藻酸;抗菌劑;細胞及/或組織產品;膠原蛋白;壓迫敷料;複合物/層狀物;接觸層;彈性繃帶;泡沫敷料;紗布及不織布;凝膠化纖維敷料;水膠體敷料(hydrocolloids);親水性纖維敷料(hydrofibers);水凝膠敷料(非定型、浸漬式及薄層狀);透明質酸敷料;浸漬式敷料;醫療級蜂蜜;聚醣敷料、蛋白酶調控敷料;骨架及間質;矽膠片;特殊吸收敷料;外用生長因子;透明薄膜及傷口填料。
一般而言,該組合物可以局部給藥、口服、經皮、體循環或任何本發明所述技術領域中具通常知識者習知之其他方法施用,以將本案之胜肽運輸至目標組織。組合物亦可於試管內或活體外施用,舉例而言,可對在培養基內成長之細胞或病患移植物施用。
本文之組合物可包含一或多個有助於皮膚保養的外加製劑。除生物活性胜肽的成分外,本文可包含其他活性製劑,如透明質酸、麥角組織胺基硫(ergothioneine)、DNA修復酶、幹細胞萃取物、菸鹼醯胺(niacinamide)、植烷三醇(phytantriol)、金合歡醇(farnesol)、沒藥醇、水楊酸、視黃醇(retinol)、A酸、果酸、抗壞血酸及微藻酸(alguronic acid)。可預期的是,這些外加製劑會與生物活性胜肽成分共同發揮效力,或能延長配方的保存期限。
針對藥物之調配及施用技術,可參考Remington藥理學第22版內容(Pharmaceutical Press, London UK)。雖然局部外部給藥為理想之給藥方式,但亦可使用其他方式,如:口服、腸外、噴液、肌肉內、皮下、經皮、髓內、鞘內、腦室內、靜脈內、腹腔內或鼻腔內給藥。本發明可於多種載體內調製,如於噴劑、噴液、油包水乳化劑、水包油乳化劑、面霜或體霜、防曬乳或曬後乳或其他外用之藥物載體。另外,本文之胜肽及包含該胜肽之組合物可具備實用特性,包括一般皮膚保養及美容製劑等特性,如多種皮膚美容品、潤膚霜、乳液、防曬乳、如抗痘製劑之具療效的乳液或乳霜。
在某些具體實施例中,本文提供一種提高黑色素生成量(如黑色素生成)之方法,包含對受試者施用包含有效量之胜肽之組合物,該胜肽具有SEQ ID NO: 1 之胺基酸序列或由SEQ ID NO: 1 之胺基酸序列所組成。該組合物可為本文所揭露的任一組合物或其變體。該黑色素可為褐黑色素、真黑色素、神經黑色素或前述之任何組合。
「提高黑色素生成量」係指相較於同一受試者治療前或未經治療的部位,經治療目標部位的黑色素生成量在統計上顯著提升。可使用目視檢測或非侵入式方法測定黑色素生成量,前述測定方法係針對黑色素有助於減少光量的特性進行。範例方法包括單點測量(single point measurement),即收集自一定義之皮膚區域反射的光,再計算色素指數,色素指數係指所測定區域之平均色素沉澱量;或使用可針對被掃描的皮膚區域產生黑色素濃度分布圖之成像技術。市面上售有許多可量測黑色素指數(或色素沉澱指數)及紅斑指數的器材,其原理為測量選定波長下的反射率(可參考如Stamatas G.N. et al., Pigment Cell Res. 17:618-626. 2004)。
本文中,胜肽或組合物之「有效量」或「治療有效量」係指針對所治療的狀況、疾病或異常狀態,該胜肽或組合物之量已達可改善一或多個症狀的程度,且具有統計顯著性。本文之化合物所具備的「治療有效量」,會因該化合物、疾病或狀況及其嚴重程度、給藥方式及接受治療的哺乳動物年齡而異,但本發明所屬技術領域中具通常知識者可根據自身知識及本文內容,例行地判斷該「治療有效量」。較佳地,就本文之目的而言,「治療有效量」係指本文化合物之量已達可誘發黑色素生成,以治療特定色素沉澱異常狀態的程度。
在特定具體實施例中,該方法係用於治療或改善色素沉澱異常狀態的症狀。本文所使用的「治療」或「改善」等詞可替換使用,且係指針對受試者(如病患)的狀況、疾病或異常狀態所進行之醫療處置,該處置可為治療性、預防性或為前述組合之治療。此外,「色素沉澱異常或狀況」包括受試者皮膚內的色素沉澱量偏低、不足或缺乏的異常狀態。色素沉澱異常或狀況的實例包括但不限於白斑症、色素減退、色素脫失症、白化症、白色糠疹(pityriasis alba)、汗斑(tinea versicolor)、發炎後色素減退(postinflammatory hypomelanosis)、色素減退之蕈狀肉芽腫(hypopigmented mycosis fungoides)、結核型痲瘋(tuberculoid leprosy)、伊藤色素減退(hypomelanosis of Ito)、貧血痣(naevus anaemicus)、眼皮膚白化症1-4、小胖威利症/天使症候群(Prader-Will & Angelman syndrome)、Hermansky-Pudlak症候群、Tietz症候群、眼皮膚白化症(oculocutaneous albinism)、脂漏性皮膚炎(seborrheic dermatitis),以及由異位性皮膚炎、乾癬、滴狀類乾癬(guttate parapsoriasis)、玫瑰斑(rosacea)及紅斑引起的色素減退。
在某些具體實施例中,色素沉澱異常經治療後的結果為回復原有色素沉澱。本文所使用之「回復原有色素沉澱」一詞,係指使罹患前述任一色素沉澱異常或狀況之皮膚的色素沉澱量增加。對於白斑症等狀況,在施以治療後可增加無色素沉澱皮膚區之色素沉澱量。不過,該區色素沉澱不一定能完全回復至與周遭正常皮膚相同的色素沉澱。
在某些具體實施例中,該方法用於進行仿曬。「仿曬」一詞係指在不使受試者經紫外線曝曬(無論紫外線為天然或源於日曬機)的情況下產生曬痕。該方法可包含外敷一組合物,該組合物包含具有效量之SEQ ID NO: 1,以提高外敷部位之黑色素生成量。
在某些具體實施例中,該方法包含使具有效量且包含SEQ ID NO: 1之組合物接觸毛囊,以調節受試者的髮色,增加自該毛囊長出之新髮的色素濃度。在某些具體實施例中,該毛囊係頭皮、眉毛或睫毛區域之一部分。
在某些具體實施例中,該方法包含治療或減輕皮膚狀況之症狀,包括對受試者施予包含有效量胜肽之組合物,該胜肽具有SEQ ID NO: 1之胺基酸序列,其中該皮膚狀況係磨皮手術(dermabraison)、化學換膚(chemical peel)、使用前列腺素衍生物療法(prostaglandin treatment)治療眼睛或睫毛、病灶內注射類固醇療法(intralesional steroid therapy)、乾癬、面皰、玫瑰斑、膚色不均勻、異位性皮膚炎或皮膚擴張紋所造成之結果。在某些具體實施例中,該前列腺素衍生物療法係施用比馬前列腺素(bimatoprost)、他氟前列腺素(tafluprost)、曲伏前列腺素(travoprost)或拉坦前列腺素(latanoprost)。在某些具體實施例中,該皮膚狀況的症狀為發炎。
在本文所揭露之任一方法當中,可針對一目標區域施用該組合物。「目標區域」係指位於皮膚或毛囊上,為希望預期之美容或治療效果發生之區域。舉例而言,目標區域可包括在同一受試者身上,相對於其他皮膚區域,色素沉澱量減少或異常之皮膚區域。在另一實例中,目標區域可包含低色素生成或無色素生成之毛囊,即長出銀髮或白髮之情形。目標區域可包括該受試者的皮膚、眼部區域或其他部位之子區域。
本文所揭露之組合物可以外用、經皮、注射、微針注射、中胚層療法(mesotherapy)、奈米科技或前述之任何組合等方式給藥。在治療或施用該組合物後,相較於施用該組合物前或未經治療之受試者皮膚,目標區域之色素沉澱量顯著增加。在某些具體實施例中,該組合物於一足夠長之時間內持續施用,以使預期效果可被偵測。足夠長之時間包括如1-24小時、1-2日、3-4日、5-6日、1週、2週、3週、4週、2個月、3個月、4個月、5個月、6個月、7個月、8個月、9個月、10個月、11個月、12個月或更長。在某些具體實施例中,該組合物每日施用一、二、三或更多次。
在某些具體實施例中,本文揭露之方法及組合物可搭配其他療法共同實施,其他療法包括但不限於鈣調磷酸酶抑制劑、氧沙林、甲氧沙林、外用全反式視黃酸、外用類固醇或免疫調節劑及免疫修飾劑、外用及口服補骨脂素及補骨脂素UVA範圍(PUVA)療法、窄頻UVB療法、脫色療法及手術移植技術。
具高度多型性之MC1R
基因對色素沉澱量有關鍵影響。經研究,該基因的變體容易誘發皮膚鱗狀細胞癌(SCC)。會影響色素沉澱量的超過100種基因當中,具關鍵地位的訊息調控基因MC1R
、其拮抗劑ASIP
及下游黑色素調控基因TYR
及TYRP1
,係與皮膚癌相關研究中最被透徹研究之基因。SEQ ID NO: 1會顯著誘發MC1R
基因的表現,並調升MITF的表現量。本文中一個具體實施例即針對使用上述胜肽之組合物。該胜肽的用途包括但不限於誘發黑色素生成,以預防並治療皮膚癌。該方法一般為使該胜肽與人類皮膚接觸,此接觸步驟可透過活體內、試管內、外用、口服、經皮、體循環,或本發明所屬技術領域中具通常知識者所習知之任何其他方式進行。
白斑症係一種皮膚異常,其特徵為易出現逐漸惡化的褪色斑塊。報告指出,此症具高家族聚集性(familial aggregation)。全球有1%的人口罹患白斑症,且好發於有色人種族群。目前對於白斑症的病因說法不一,包括神經化學理論、自體免疫理論、氧化壓力相關理論及基因缺陷理論。白斑症可謂複雜的遺傳性疾病,由一組位於數個不同體染色體位置的隱性等位基因調控,且可能影響氧化壓力生成、黑色素生成、自體免疫功能,並可共同導致白斑之表現型。若誘發黑色素生成並使皮膚生成黑色素,應可有效治療白斑症、改善褪色斑塊,以使罹病區域回復色素沉澱。因此,本文的另一個具體實施例係針對一種使用上述胜肽預防並治療皮膚色素減退之組合物。該方法一般為將該胜肽與人類皮膚接觸,此接觸步驟可透過活體內、試管內、外用、口服、經皮、體循環,或本發明所屬技術領域中具通常知識者所習知之任何其他方式進行。
就美容而言,皮膚色素沉澱會帶來極大影響。某些人口族群偏好曬黑皮膚,自1960年代起,曬黑皮膚的活動即蔚為風尚,而古銅色皮膚則廣受年輕女性所好。美國皮膚醫學會(American Academy of Dermatology)調查指出,80%的曬黑皮膚活動透過日光浴進行,30%則透過日曬機進行。即使各種防曬係數的正面宣傳俯拾即是,市面上也充斥各種防曬產品,曬黑皮膚的風尚仍導致皮膚癌發生率不斷攀高。誘發黑色素生成以提高皮膚色素沉澱的做法,理論上應可延長曬黑效果,同時避免曝曬於陽光的時間過長。因此,本文另一具體實施例係針對一種使用上述胜肽以進行仿曬之組合物。該方法一般為使該胜肽與人類皮膚接觸,此接觸步驟可透過活體內、試管內、外用、口服、經皮、體循環,或本發明所屬技術領域中具通常知識者所習知之任何其他方式進行。
色素減退亦為一種常見之皮膚狀況,會因皮膚之疾病、病症、燒燙傷、外傷及受創而導致。此症一般稱為膚色流失,亦稱作皮膚色素減退。雖然每個人都可能罹患此症,但此症好發於深膚色人種族群。色素減退最常見的病因為皮膚外傷。而粉刺、水泡、水痘、刮傷,甚至是不恰當的皮膚科療法(如雷射換膚、化學換膚及其他療法),都可能導致色素減退。其他色素減退的病因包括白化症(頭髮、皮膚與眼睛因皮膚細胞只能生成極少或完全無法生成黑色素而缺色)及脂漏性皮膚炎(一種發炎性皮膚病,患者的皮膚表面會出現有搔癢感、會產生鱗屑的紅色斑塊,患部皮膚也容易出油)。本文另一具體實施例係針對一種使用上述胜肽治療因色素減退引起的膚色不均之組合物。該方法一般為使該胜肽與人類皮膚接觸,此接觸步驟可透過活體內、試管內、外用、口服、經皮、體循環,或本發明所屬技術領域中具通常知識者所習知之任何其他方式進行。
在社交活動中,人們立刻會注意到其他人的髮色,而白頭髮係年長、健康不佳、身體機能衰退的象徵。會影響髮色的狀況包括老化、毛髮無色症(achromotricha)、壓力、醫療條件及非天然因素。人們總是渴望永保年輕活力,因此,研究人員對少年白現象特別關注。同時,醫藥或保健食品產業也在開發能預防並治療白髮的手段。髮色不但受基因、年齡、環境等因素影響,更受許多細胞因子及蛋白質影響。人類髮色亦由MC1R及黑色素生成調控。研究發現,調升MC1R表現量為使用何首烏(Polygoni Multiflori Radix)治療白髮生成時的主要標的之一。因此,本文另一具體實施例係針對一種使用上述胜肽預防並治療白髮生成之組合物。該方法一般為使該胜肽與人類頭皮與毛囊接觸,此接觸步驟可透過活體內、試管內、外用、口服、經皮、體循環,或本發明所屬技術領域中具通常知識者所習知之任何其他方式進行。
SEQ ID NO: 1會顯著促進傷口復原,如角質細胞劃傷測試(keratinocytes scratch wound test)所示。角質細胞劃傷測試係可用來量測活性化合物促進傷口癒合的能力之試驗。如表4所示,SEQ ID NO: 1能促進傷口癒合,其促進率為磷酸鹽緩衝生理食鹽水(PBS)的226%,最佳實例為糖尿病傷口或與壓瘡(pressure sore)相關的傷口。這類傷口會發炎、容易感染,需要長時間才能復原,因此通常相當棘手。皮膚或黏膜傷口的癒合步驟,一部分涉及活化基底角質細胞。傷口邊緣處的基底角質細胞經活化後,會移動並形成一單層覆蓋於傷口上,即所謂的上皮化(epithelialization)過程。研究顯示,在慢性傷口未癒合邊緣處的角質細胞雖然會大量增生,但不會移動至他處,因此便無法上皮化,且會成為引發慢性潰瘍的主因。本文揭露的胜肽亦可用於治療與皮膚及黏膜中角質細胞相關的損傷。「相關黏膜組織」一詞係關於結構與皮膚類似之任何組織,且包含上皮細胞/角質細胞,包括但不限於與口、鼻、喉、耳、肛門、生殖器及瞼結膜相關之內層皮膚表面。可能影響前述組織、且可利用本案之胜肽予以治療的傷口或病變/損傷例子係磨損、水泡、燒燙傷、撕裂傷、穿刺傷、潰瘍、瘀血、皮疹及疤痕。手術後創傷亦可利用該等胜肽予以治療。
皮膚老化係長時間累積而成,最終會使皮膚機能下降。皮膚老化的途徑主要有兩種:未受陽光曝曬皮膚之內源性老化(慢性老化)與經陽光曝曬皮膚之外源性老化(光老化)。內源性老化與基因相關,且程度會隨時間變化。但無論如何,老化的皮膚皆與以下一或多個特徵相關:皺紋、細紋、色素沉澱增加、斑點、紅斑、失去光澤、平滑度、韌度、膚色明亮度及平整度、及毛孔外觀改變。除了以上顯而易見的特徵,較不明顯的特徵則是由於基因遺傳,或因急性或慢性接觸外部環境刺激(如紫外線)或汙染物引發的病理與細胞變化。皺紋、皮膚乾燥、變薄、下垂、或容易瘀血等美容問題,皆為表皮損傷的外顯特徵;前述特徵除因老化引起,亦會因為暴露於有害刺激(如紫外線及汙染物)中過久而提前出現。因此,本文所揭露之胜肽可針對因內源性及外源性刺激而老化的皮膚,以預防並修補皮膚損傷,並使健康的皮膚組織新生,逆轉老化情形。在類似的情形下,該等胜肽可用於因暴露於各種外在刺激(如陽光)而受損的組織之上。在前述情形下,本文所揭露之胜肽亦可做為美容品使用,以使外貌及膚質回春。未經改變或經化學修飾及/或特定運輸之短胜肽,可在經處理後穿透表皮,以使能抵抗皮膚變薄、產生皺紋、變脆弱及變粗/變硬的效應增強。由於角質細胞係表皮表面最主要的成分,會因皮膚老化或受損而消失,因此預期可透過胜肽刺激以補充角質細胞來對抗上述狀況。
SEQ ID NO: 1會顯著增加絲聚蛋白(filaggrin)基因(1.92倍)、水通道蛋白5(aquaporin 5)基因(1.82倍)及KLK8基因(1.71倍)之表現量,如表3所示。前述基因對於表皮完整性及恆定性皆有關鍵影響。
皮膚是相對有彈性的組織,但延展度仍有其侷限。皮膚擴張紋(stretch mark/striae)即為一種皮膚上的變色疤痕,通常與因皮膚撕裂而引起的發炎反應相關,會隨時間淡化但不會完全消失。最初的外觀特徵為泛紅或出現紫色線條,但會逐漸淡化至較小的範圍。身體上不會呈現明顯或者過度拉扯或膨脹的部位,皆可能出現皮膚擴張紋。修復及恢復皮膚/表皮內角質細胞的功能並減少發炎反應,是消除皮膚擴張紋的關鍵。本文所揭露之胜肽可促進劃傷癒合並增加抗發炎活性,應為改善皮膚擴張紋之理想療法。
SEQ ID NO: 1會顯著調降與促發炎性路徑相關基因的表現量,因此適合用於治療皮膚發炎狀況。發炎是慢性傷口的特徵之一。乾癬係一種慢性的發炎性皮膚病,全球約有2%的人口罹患此症。乾癬發作時,會明顯生成誘發角質細胞過度增生的促發炎性細胞因子。研究發現,SEQ ID NO: 1會顯著調降TNF-α及IL8的表現量,以及其他數種與發炎反應高度相關因子的表現量,由此顯示,本案之胜肽可具備治療發炎狀況之療效,發炎狀況包括但不限於乾癬、全身性紅斑性狼瘡及風濕性關節炎。
玫瑰斑係另一種好發於成人身上的發炎性病症。目前的理論研究認為,玫瑰斑的臨床誘發因子包括能調節類鐸受體(Toll-like receptor)之訊號傳遞或誘發活性氧化物及促發炎性細胞因子的紫外線輻射、熱、冷、壓力、辛辣食物及微生物。利用本案之胜肽調降促發炎性細胞因子的表現量可保證顯著及實用之療效,改善玫瑰斑病症的發炎狀況。
實例
實例
實例1:誘發B16F10黑色素細胞的黑色素表現
使用Sunny BiodiscoveryTM
測定胜肽對細胞生長及黑色素生成量的影響。簡而言之,測定方式為培養新生兒皮膚纖維母細胞(p.8,Cell Applications,San Diego,CA)及B16F10黑色素細胞(ATCC,Manassas,VA),培養環境為一96孔培養盤,每孔培養5,000個細胞,培養基為DMEM/5% FBS。培養一天後,將濃度200 µg/mL及濃度50 µg/mL之測試物質加入指數成長之細胞群中,每組三重複。8天後,以磺酸羅丹明B(sulforhodamine B)方法(Voigt,2005)及Molecular Devices MAX190微量盤分光光度計將細胞生長量化。此外,於490 nm下量化B16培養物中的培養基上色情形(與所分泌之黑色素量成正比),結果如表1所示。差異≥25%且p<0.05(使用雙尾Student檢定)之結果視為具統計顯著性。
表1:添加各種胜肽反應8天後之黑色素表現量
*
:P<0.005 代表具顯著性,以粗體標示。
實例2:胜肽影響細胞生長的效果
在添加每一種胜肽進行反應後,對所有種類的胜肽進行細胞活性測試,以確認黑色素P131對B16F10黑色素細胞之黑色素生成誘發效果並非基於細胞增生或抑制。如表2所示,所有胜肽皆未顯著表現出對B16F10黑色素細胞及人類新生兒皮膚纖維母細胞的抑制性。
表2:各種胜肽對B16F10黑色素細胞及新生兒皮膚纖維母細胞(nHF)生長情形之影響
*
:p<0.05代表具顯著性
實例3:以P131反應之皮膚培養物的基因表現分析
此實驗由Genemarkers LLC(Kalamazoo,MI)進行,使用全厚度的試管內皮膚培養模型(ETF-400,MatTek)。將P131溶於無菌水中,(無菌)水本身係作為載體對照組之用。將一百微升之測試物質(相當於每一組織含500 µg)置於每一EFT-400培養物中央。使用無菌玻璃塗抹棒分配測試物質。以目視檢測每一培養物,確認分配量達均勻。分配測試物質後,將培養物置於培養箱內,於37°C下以5% CO2
培養24小時。使用無菌PBS洗去每一培養物表面之測試物質。清除測試物質後,將每一組織切成四分,準備進行RNA分離。按製造商說明書(Promega),使用Maxwell 16 LEV simplyRNA Tissue kit自組織中分離出RNA後,使用Nanodrop 2000 分光光度計測定RNA濃度及純度。按製造商說明書(Life Technologies),使用High Capacity cDNA Synthesis kit產生cDNA。使用即時定量聚合酶連鎖反應組(qPCR-based panel),即Genemarkers Standard Skin Panel,分析基因表現,其可針對107個目標基因及5個內源性對照基因進行測定,每一組基因之測定皆兩重複。使用StatMiner軟體進行非成對t檢定(P≤0.05,N=4),以比較P131組與載體對照組之差異。
本實驗之目的係釐清使用P131進行外敷治療時,會如何影響皮膚內之基因表現,結果如表3所示。P131會影響與皮膚健康相關的數個主要路徑。第一條會被影響的路徑是黑色素生成。研究顯示,該胜肽會顯著調升(4倍以上)MC1R(黑皮質素受體)基因之表現量。同時會使MITF(小眼畸形相關轉錄因子)之基因表現量調升將近2倍。MC1R及MITF皆為影響黑色素生成之主要調節因子。表3中的數據與表1的實驗結果相輔相成;換言之,P131會調升B16F10黑色素細胞上的黑色素含量,且增幅具劑量依存性。
表3:具統計顯著性基因之線性倍數變化值
實例4:促進角質細胞移動及劃傷癒合
於無血清角質細胞生長培養液中培養人類皮膚角質細胞(ATCC CRL-2404),並加入5 ng/ml之人類重組上皮成長因子(Life TechnologiesTM
,Grand Island,NY)。將角質細胞植入12孔洞培養盤,並使之達到100%滿度(confluent)。讓單層細胞挨餓24小時,並利用P200(200 µl)滴管之尖端在單層上製造劃傷。清洗劃傷,並於時間0時拍攝傷口,再加入最終濃度為40 µg/ml之胜肽。將細胞置於37°C、含5% CO2
、濕度大於90%之培養箱中,僅於室溫下短暫拍攝細胞照片時不置入培養箱。經7-8小時治療後劃傷即癒合,結果如表4所示。相較於以PBS治療之對照組,三種胜肽皆能顯著促進角質細胞移動及傷口癒合。
表4:經培養之角質細胞劃傷後的癒合情形。經7小時治療後,將以PBS治療之傷口癒合程度設為100%,以胜肽治療之傷口癒合程度係與前者比較計算而得。
前述諸多具體實施例可互相合併,以提供更多具體實施例。本說明書所述及/或申請資料表所載之所有美國專利、美國專利申請案公開內容、美國專利申請案、外國專利、外國專利申請案及非專利公開內容,皆以全文引用方式併入本文中,惟引用文獻或該文獻之一部與本發明揭露內容衝突者除外。本申請案亦享有2017年11月30日美國臨時專利申請案第62/592724號的優先權,並以全文引用方式併入本文中。如有需要,前述具體實施例之各態樣皆可被修飾,以落實前述諸多專利、申請案及公開內容中的概念,以提供更多具體實施例。
按前述說明,可對本案具體實施例做出上述及其他變化。一般而言,以下請求項所使用之詞彙,不應被解釋為用來限制所請求之範圍至本說明書中的特定實施例,而應被解釋為包括所有可能的具體實施例,以及與所請求範圍相當之所有範圍。因此,以下請求項不受本文揭露內容限制。
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Claims (29)
- 一種提高黑色素生成量的方法,包含 對一受試者施用一組合物,該組合物包含具一有效量之一胜肽,該胜肽由胺基酸序列 KWKLF(SEQ ID NO:1)所組成。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該胜肽係一醯胺化或自由酸序列;其N-端係脂質化或乙醯化;該胜肽與一可溶或不可溶之載體共軛;或前述之任何組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之方法,其中該黑色素為褐黑色素(pheomelanin)、真黑色素(eumelanin)、神經黑色素(neuromelanin)或前述之任何組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項中任一項所述之方法,其中該方法用於治療一色素沉澱異常或狀況。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之方法,其中該色素沉澱異常或狀況包含減少或被抑制的黑色素生成。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項或第5項所述之方法,其中該色素沉澱異常或狀況為白斑症(vitiligo)、白化症、白色糠疹(pityriasis alba)、汗斑(tinea versicolor)、發炎後色素減退(postinflammatory hypomelanosis)、色素減退之蕈狀肉芽腫(hypopigmented mycosis fungoides)、結核型痲瘋(tuberculoid leprosy)、伊藤色素減退(hypomelanosis of Ito)、貧血痣(naevus anaemicus)、眼皮膚白化症1-4(OCA 1-4)、小胖威利症/天使症候群(Prader-Will & Angelman syndrome)、Hermansky-Pudlak症候群、Tietz症候群、眼皮膚白化症(oculocutaneous albinism),或由脂漏性皮膚炎(seborrheic dermatitis)、異位性皮膚炎(atopic dermatitis)、乾癬(psoriasis)、滴狀類乾癬(guttate parapsoriasis)、玫瑰斑(rosacea)、紅斑(erythema)引起的色素減退(hypopigmentation)或色素脫失(depigmentation),或前述之任何組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項中任一項所述之方法,其中該方法係用於仿曬。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項中任一項所述之方法,其中該方法包含使該組合物接觸一毛囊以調節髮色,藉此增加自該毛囊長出之新髮的色素濃度。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之方法,其中該毛囊係頭皮、眉毛或睫毛區域之一部分。
- 一種治療或減輕一皮膚狀況之一症狀的方法,包含對一受試者施予包含一有效量胜肽之一組合物,該胜肽具有SEQ ID NO: 1所示之胺基酸序列,其中該皮膚狀況係磨皮手術(dermabraison)、化學換膚(chemical peel)、使用前列腺素衍生物療法(prostaglandin treatment)治療眼睛或睫毛、病灶內注射類固醇療法(intralesional steroid therapy)或由乾癬、面皰、玫瑰斑、膚色不均勻、異位性皮膚炎或皮膚擴張紋造成的色素減退或色素脫失所導致。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之方法,其中該前列腺素衍生物療法係施用比馬前列腺素(bimatoprost)、他氟前列腺素(tafluprost)、曲伏前列腺素(travoprost)或拉坦前列腺素(latanoprost)。
- 如前述申請專利範圍中任一項所述之方法,其中該組合物係以外敷、經皮、注射、微針注射、中胚層療法(mesotherapy)、奈米科技或前述之任何組合施用於一目標區域。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之方法,其中該目標區域係該受試者之皮膚、眼部區域或其他部位的子區域。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項或第13項所述之方法,其中相較於施用該組合物前或未經治療之受試者皮膚,該目標區域之色素沉澱量顯著增加。
- 一種美容組合物,包含: a) 由胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO: 1所組成之一胜肽; b) 一載體;及 c) 一第二活性製劑,其為仿曬劑或染髮劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項之美容組合物,其中該仿曬劑包含二羥丙酮(dihydroxyacetone)、赤蘚酮糖(erythrulose)、角黃素(canthaxanthin),或前述之任何組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之美容組合物,其中該組合物可預防白髮生長或恢復自然髮色,且該染髮劑包含甲硫胺酸(methionine)、半胱胺酸(cysteine)、薊、椰子油、荷荷芭油(jojoba oil)、芥末籽油(muster seed oil)、蓖麻油(castor oil)、泛酸(pantothenic acid)、生物素(biotin)、維生素B6、銅、鋅或前述之任何組合。
- 一種醫藥組合物,包含: a) 由胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO: 1所組成之一胜肽; b) 一載體;及 c) 一穿透增強劑、一廣效性防曬乳或一第二活性製劑,該第二活性製劑用於治療或改善與色素沉澱異常或狀況相關的症狀。
- 如申請專利範圍第18項所述之組合物,其中該色素沉澱異常或狀況為白斑症、白化症、白色糠疹、汗斑、發炎後色素減退、色素減退之蕈狀肉芽腫、結核型痲瘋、伊藤色素減退、貧血痣、眼皮膚白化症1-4、小胖威利症/天使症候群、Hermansky-Pudlak症候群、Tietz症候群、眼皮膚白化症,或由脂漏性皮膚炎、異位性皮膚炎、乾癬、滴狀類乾癬、玫瑰斑或紅斑引起的色素減退或色素脫失。
- 如申請專利範圍第18項或第19項所述之組合物,其中該醫藥組合物包含該第二活性製劑,且該第二活性製劑用於治療或改善與白斑症相關的症狀,並包含一鈣調磷酸酶抑制劑(calcineurin inhibitor)、氧沙林(oxsoralen)、甲氧沙林(methoxsalen)、全反式視黃酸(all-trans-retinoic acid)、補骨脂素(psoralens)或前述之任何組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第18項或第19項所述之組合物,其中該醫藥組合物包含該第二活性製劑,且該第二活性製劑用於治療或改善與色素減退相關的症狀,並包含全反式視黃酸、補骨脂素或前述之任何組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項至第21項中任一項所述之組合物,其中該胜肽的濃度範圍為自0.01 µg/ml至大約50 mg/ml,按該組合物之重量計。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項至第22項中任一項所述之組合物,其中該組合物係凝膠、溶液、噴液、乳化劑、乳液、慕斯、噴霧、 濕巾、微囊、精華液、乳霜、軟膏、粉末或泡沫。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項至第23項中任一項所述之組合物,進一步包含一防曬劑、皮膚調整劑、仿曬劑、皮膚亮白劑、皮膚保護劑、潤膚霜、增稠劑、賦形劑、保濕劑或前述之任何組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項至第24項中任一項所述之組合物,其中該胜肽包覆於一微脂體或微海綿中。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項至第25項中任一項所述之組合物,其中該胜肽係配製於一裝置中,並經該裝置透過離子導入法(iontophoreisis)或超音波傳輸該胜肽。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項至第26項中任一項所述之組合物,進一步包含一脂肪醇、脂肪酸、有機鹼、無機鹼、防腐劑、酯蠟、類固醇、三酸甘油酯、磷脂、多元醇酯、脂肪醇醚、親水性羊毛脂衍生物、親水性蜜蠟衍生物、可可脂蠟、矽油、pH平衡劑、纖維素衍生物、烴油或前述之任何混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項至第27項中任一項所述之組合物,其中該組合物與一裝置整合,該裝置可用於施用該組合物於皮膚組織下方、黏液組織、皮膚表面或頭皮。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項至第28項中任一項所述之組合物,其中該胜肽係一醯胺化或自由酸序列;其N-端係脂質化或乙醯化;該胜肽與一可溶或不可溶之載體共軛;或前述之任何組合。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201762592724P | 2017-11-30 | 2017-11-30 | |
| US62/592,724 | 2017-11-30 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW201924656A true TW201924656A (zh) | 2019-07-01 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW107141981A TW201924656A (zh) | 2017-11-30 | 2018-11-26 | 用於調節黑色素生成的方法及組成物 |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| TW (1) | TW201924656A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2019108484A2 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117209562A (zh) * | 2020-01-14 | 2023-12-12 | 肌活丽学创研所股份有限公司 | 用于黑色素聚合及发色变黑的多肽、方法及组合物 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6875744B2 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2005-04-05 | Helix Biomedix, Inc. | Short bioactive peptides |
| US9567368B2 (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2017-02-14 | Escape Therapeutics, Inc. | Peptide tyrosinase activators |
-
2018
- 2018-11-26 TW TW107141981A patent/TW201924656A/zh unknown
- 2018-11-26 WO PCT/US2018/062477 patent/WO2019108484A2/en not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117209562A (zh) * | 2020-01-14 | 2023-12-12 | 肌活丽学创研所股份有限公司 | 用于黑色素聚合及发色变黑的多肽、方法及组合物 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2019108484A2 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
| WO2019108484A3 (en) | 2020-03-19 |
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