TW202111148A - 包括介電層之結構、其形成方法及執行形成方法的反應器系統 - Google Patents

包括介電層之結構、其形成方法及執行形成方法的反應器系統 Download PDF

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TW202111148A
TW202111148A TW109128204A TW109128204A TW202111148A TW 202111148 A TW202111148 A TW 202111148A TW 109128204 A TW109128204 A TW 109128204A TW 109128204 A TW109128204 A TW 109128204A TW 202111148 A TW202111148 A TW 202111148A
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張彥
野澤俊久
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荷蘭商Asm Ip私人控股有限公司
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Abstract

本發明揭露形成包含具有經改良性質(諸如,比方說,經改良之彈性模數及/或介電常數)之介電膜之結構的方法。例示性的膜可使用循環沉積製程形成。例示性方法使用活性物種來裂解(例如,對稱結構化)前驅物分子以形成高品質介電層。

Description

包括介電層之結構及其形成方法
本揭露大致上係關於用來形成適用於製造電子裝置之結構的方法及系統。本揭露之實例係關於使用電漿增強型循環沉積製程來形成包括低-k介電膜之結構的方法及系統。
於製造電子裝置期間,需要沉積具有低介電常數(低- к)之非晶形膜來用於若干應用,包括絕緣及減輕積體電路內的串擾。低- к膜可使用多種技術來沉積,包括,例如,電漿增強型化學氣相沉積(PECVD)。通常,利用PECVD,前驅物分子於氣相中過度解離,其導致沉積相當多孔的非晶膜。使用PECVD之介電材料沉積可具有相當低的k值;然而,膜亦可能具有不期望地低的彈性模數。
使用中性射束的PECVD方法產生改良的彈性模數並產生對稱結構化膜。然而,中性射束方法的成本較高且可能難以實施。
因此,所欲的是用於在基材上形成高品質材料(諸如高品質介電材料(例如,氧化矽))之改良系統及方法,及使用此類方法及/或系統所形成之結構。本節中描述的問題及解決方案之任何討論僅為了提供本揭露內文之目的而包括在本發明中,且不應視為承認在完成本發明時已知討論之任何或全部內容。
本揭露之各種實施例係關於形成包括高品質絕緣或介電膜之結構的方法。雖然在下文更詳細地討論本揭露之各種實施例應對先前方法及系統之缺點的方式,但大致上,本揭露之各種實施例提供包括使用活性物種來形成具有期望性質之膜的改良方法及系統。
根據本揭露之一實施例,提供一種於基材表面上沉積材料之方法,其包括以下步驟:(a)於反應腔室內提供上述基材;(b)於反應腔室內提供前驅物,其中上述前驅物吸附於基材表面上而形成經吸附物種;(c)於提供上述前驅物之後沖洗反應腔室;及(d)使上述經吸附物種暴露至活性物種以裂解上述經吸附物種及藉此於基材表面上形成經裂解經吸附物種。上述前驅物可係對稱結構化前驅物。對稱結構化前驅物可係跨越水平軸對稱的(symmetrical across a horizontal axis)。上述對稱結構化前驅物可包含氧。根據本揭露之一些實例,對稱結構化前驅物包含線性主鏈及連接至主鏈之複數個有機(例如,甲基、乙基、丙基)基團。上述前驅物可包含Si-O鍵。上述前驅物可包含矽及有機基團。根據此等實施例之各種態樣,前驅物可包含線性主鏈,上述線性主鏈包含沿上述主鏈且位在側鏈上之矽-氧及矽-碳-矽鍵。
舉特定實例來說,對稱結構化前驅物可包含以下中之一或多者:二甲基二甲氧矽烷(DMDMOS)、四甲基-1,3-二甲氧二矽氧烷(DMOTMDS)、四乙基-1,3-二甲氧二矽氧烷、四丙基-1,3-二甲氧二矽氧烷、四丁基-1,3-二甲氧二矽氧烷、四甲基-1,3-二乙氧二矽氧烷、四甲基-1,3-二丙氧二矽氧烷、四乙基-1,3-二乙氧二矽氧烷、四乙基-1,3-二丙氧二矽氧烷、四丙基-1,3-二乙氧二矽氧烷、四丙基-1,3-二丙氧二矽氧烷、四丁基-1,3-二乙氧二矽氧烷、或四丁基-1,3-二丙氧二矽氧烷。活性物種可於反應腔室內形成。
活性物種可使用遠端電漿形成。用來形成活性物種之氣體可包含氬、氦、或氬及氦兩者。用來形成活性物種之氣體可另外或替代地包含氫氣。於步驟(d)期間,電漿可經脈衝或連續地供應。上述方法可包含PEALD製程。上述方法可進一步包括於步驟(d)之後沖洗反應腔室之步驟。反應物氣體可於步驟(a)至(d)期間連續地饋送至反應腔室。於步驟(d)期間,一或多個有機基團可自經吸附物種,例如自前驅物分子之末端裂解。反應腔室內之壓力可係介於約500 Pa及約1000 Pa或約1000 Pa及約5000 Pa之間。反應腔室內之溫度可係介於約70 °C及約50 °C或約50 °C及約30 °C之間。低-к介電膜可藉由重複步驟(a)至(d)形成於基材上直至達成期望膜厚度為止。
結構可根據如文中所揭露之方法來形成。
反應器系統可經組態以進行如文中所揭露之方法。
相關領域中具有通常知識者將從已參照隨附圖式之某些實施例的下列詳細描述輕易明白這些及其他實施例;本發明並未受限於任何已揭露的一或多個特定實施例。
雖然在下文揭露某些實施例及實例,相關領域中具有通常知識者將瞭解本揭露延伸超出具體揭露的實施例及/或用途及其明顯修改及等效物。因此,期望本揭露之範疇不應受限於下文所描述之特定實施例。
本揭露大致上係關於形成結構,諸如適用於形成電子裝置之結構之方法;關於用於執行該等方法之反應器系統;及關於使用該等方法形成之結構。舉例來說,文中描述之系統及方法可用來形成(例如,非晶形)高品質絕緣或介電層。在一些實施例中,該等層係使用循環製程使用一或多種惰性製程氣體(例如,氬及氦)及還原製程氣體(例如,氫)來形成。舉例來說,使用於循環製程中之製程氣體可包含氬、氦、及氫中之一或多者。在一些實施例中,該等層係使用對稱結構化前驅物形成。
在本發明中,「氣體(gas)」可包括在室溫及壓力下為氣體、汽化固體、及/或汽化液體之材料,並取決於上下文可由單一氣體或氣體混合物構成。除了製程氣體以外的氣體(亦即,非通過氣體分配組合件(諸如噴淋頭)、其他氣體分配裝置、或類似者所引入的氣體)可用於例如密封反應空間,且可包括諸如稀有氣體的密封氣體。在一些實施例中,術語「前驅物(precursor)」可指參與生成另一化合物的化學反應之化合物,且具體係指構成膜基質或膜的主要骨架之化合物;術語「反應物(reactant)」可與術語前驅物(例如,Ar、He、及/或H2 )互換地使用。術語「惰性氣體(inert gas)」可指當施加RF功率時,不參與化學反應的氣體及/或激發前驅物的氣體,但不像反應物,上述惰性氣體無法在可察覺的程度上變為膜基質之一部分。例示性的惰性氣體包括He、Ar、N2 、及其任何組合。亦可使用氫作為惰性氣體及/或還原劑。
如本文中所使用,用語「基材(substrate)」可指可用以形成或在其上可形成裝置、電路、或膜之任何(多個)下伏材料。基材可包括塊材(諸如矽(例如單晶矽))、其他IV族材料(諸如鍺)、或化合物半導體材料(諸如II-VI族或III-V族半導體),並可包括上覆或下伏於塊材的一或多層。進一步地,基材可包括各種部件(features),諸如形成在基材之一層的至少一部分之內或之上的凹部、線、及類似者。部件可具有範圍在,例如,約1至約50或約3至約20之相當高的縱橫比。
本文中所使用之術語「膜」及/或「層」可指任何連續或不連續結構及材料,諸如藉由本文中所揭露方法而沉積之材料。例如,膜及/或層可包括二維材料、三維材料、奈米粒子或甚至部分或完整分子層或部分或完整原子層或原子及/或分子團簇。膜或層可包含具有針孔的材料或層,其可係至少部分連續的。
如本文所使用,術語「循環沉積」可指將前驅物(反應物)依序引入至反應腔室中,以在基材上方沉積膜,並且包括諸如原子層沉積及循環化學氣相沉積之沉積技術。
如本文所使用,術語「循環化學氣相沉積」可指任何製程,其中將基材依序暴露於兩種或更多種揮發性前驅物,該等前驅物在基材上反應及/或分解以產生所需沉積。
如本文中所使用,術語「原子層沉積(atomic layer deposition)」(ALD)可指氣相沉積製程,其中沉積循環(一般係複數個接續的沉積循環)係在反應腔室中實施。一般而言,在各循環期間,前驅物係化學吸附至沉積表面(例如基材表面或先前沉積的下伏表面,諸如來自先前ALD循環的材料),形成不易與額外前驅物起反應的單層或次單層(亦即,自限制反應)。其後,可隨後將反應物(例如,另一前驅物、反應氣體、還原氣體、及/或惰性氣體)引入至反應腔室中,以用於在沉積表面上將經化學吸附之前驅物轉化為所欲材料。通常,此反應物能夠與前驅物進一步反應(例如,裂解經吸附前驅物的一部分)。此外,在每個循環期間,亦可利用沖洗步驟以在轉化經化學吸附的前驅物之後自反應腔室移除過量前驅物及/或自反應腔室移除過量反應物及/或反應副產物。進一步地,當使用(多個)前驅物組成物、反應性氣體、及沖洗(例如惰性載體)氣體的交替脈衝執行時,如本文中所使用之用語「原子層沉積(atomic layer deposition)」亦意指包括由相關用語指定的製程,諸如,化學氣相原子層沉積(chemical vapor atomic layer deposition)、原子層磊晶(atomic layer epitaxy, ALE)、分子束磊晶(MBE)、氣體源MBE、或有機金屬MBE、及化學束磊晶。PEALD係指一種ALD製程,其中在ALD步驟之一或多者期間施加電漿。
如本文所使用,「結構」可包括如文中所述之基材。結構可包括上覆基材的一或多個層,其係如文中所述來形成。
進一步地,在本揭露中,變數之任兩個數字可構成變數之可工作範圍,且所指示之任何範圍可包括或排除端點。此外,所指示的變數之任何數值(不管該等數值是否以「約」來指示)可指精確值或近似值並包括等效值,且在一些實施例中可指平均值、中值、代表值、多數值等。進一步地,在本揭露中,於一些實施例中,用語「包括(including)」、「由…構成(constituted by)」、及「具有(having)」係獨立地指「一般或廣泛地包含(typically or broadly comprising)」、「包含(comprising)」、「基本上由…組成(consisting essentially of)」、或「由…組成(consisting of)」。在本發明中,於一些實施例中,任何已定義之意義未必排除尋常及慣例意義。
在本揭露中,於一些實施例中,「連續地(continuously)」可指不中斷真空、在時間線上無中斷、無任何材料插入步驟、未改變處理條件、其後立即、作為下一步驟、或在兩結構間無有別於上述兩結構之插入的離散物理或化學結構之一或多者。
在本揭露中,對稱結構化前驅物可指具有跨越水平對稱平面之對稱性的前驅物。舉例來說,DMDMOS在跨越水平軸的上方及下方係對稱的,其中在水平軸上方及下方的各化學(例如,有機)基團係相同的,亦即,甲基。
現參考圖式,圖1繪示根據本揭露之至少一實施例之沉積製程100的示意圖式。在所繪示的製程中,如所繪示,反應物氣體(例如,He、Ar及/或H2 )係於整個沉積循環中及視情況於沉積循環之前提供。各沉積循環始於饋送步驟110,其中將前驅物氣體提供至反應空間,然後再關閉。接著,在沖洗步驟120中,將前驅物氣體自反應空間清除。然後,在電漿開啟步驟130中,提供電漿(例如,RF)功率並關閉。電漿可以兩個或更多個脈衝提供,或其可於步驟130期間連續地提供。隨後,在後沖洗步驟140中,可將任何過剩的前驅物及/或副產物自反應空間清除。可重複沉積循環,直至達成期望的沉積材料厚度為止。上述製程可用來形成絕緣或低-к介電材料層。舉例來說,可使用製程100形成氧化物、氮化物、及碳化物層中之一或多者。舉例來說,上述之層可為或可包括SiO2 、SiN、SiOC、SiCN、SiC、SiON、SiOCN、SiBN、SiBO、GeOx 、GeN、AlOx 、TiO2 、及TaO2 中之一或多者。
圖2繪示於根據本揭露之一例示性實施例之沉積循環期間的反應。在所繪示之實例中,將前驅物,例如,對稱結構化前驅物,諸如二甲基二甲氧矽烷(DMDMOS)前驅物,饋送至反應腔室中。在其他實施例中,使用不同的對稱結構化前驅物。在一些實施例中,使用含氧的對稱結構化前驅物。在一些實施例中,對稱結構化前驅物包含較跨越對稱的水平平面之鍵更容易斷裂之沿對稱的水平平面的鍵。在一些實施例中,前驅物跨越對稱的垂直平面亦係對稱的。其他可使用之對稱結構化前驅物的實例包括四甲基-1,3-二甲氧二矽氧烷(DMOTMDS)、四乙基-1,3-二甲氧二矽氧烷、四丙基-1,3-二甲氧二矽氧烷、四丁基-1,3-二甲氧二矽氧烷、四甲基-1,3-二乙氧二矽氧烷、四甲基-1,3-二丙氧二矽氧烷、四乙基-1,3-二乙氧二矽氧烷、四乙基-1,3-二丙氧二矽氧烷、四丙基-1,3-二乙氧二矽氧烷、四丙基-1,3-二丙氧二矽氧烷、四丁基-1,3-二乙氧二矽氧烷、四丁基-1,3-二丙氧二矽氧烷、及其類似物。在其他實施例中,使用非對稱結構化前驅物。
在此實例中,於將DMDMOS前驅物饋送至反應腔室後,沖洗步驟將未黏附或吸附至基材上的任何過剩前驅物排空。於沖洗後,當打開電漿時,Ar離子自DMDMOS物種裂解甲基端基。然後,後沖洗步驟自反應腔室排空甲基副產物。如所繪示,於DMDMOS末端的自由氧基可結合產生膜。
在一些實施例中,電漿步驟係以脈衝提供。脈衝式電漿可增強對來自反應腔室的任何殘留的前驅物及/或任何副產物的沖洗,及防止其被納入至膜中。在其中使用脈衝式電漿的一些實施例中,可提供RF功率之各脈衝持續低於0.1秒、低於0.05秒、或低於0.04秒。在一些實施例中,RF功率的持續時間為0.04、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、或5.0秒,及在上述數字的任何兩者間的範圍。脈衝循環中之關閉時間的持續時間可取決於其他製程條件,諸如流率、壓力等等。根據本揭露之特定實例,關閉時間的持續期間較前驅物於反應腔室內之滯留時間的持續時間長。在一些實施例中,調整電漿條件以不破壞前驅物中的原始對稱結構。
在一些實施例中,使用遠端電漿。在一些實施例中,使用直接電漿。
在一些實施例中,於如圖2所繪示之步驟110、120、130及140中之一或多者期間於反應腔室內的溫度係介於約50與70 °C之間或介於約30與50 °C之間。在一些實施例中,於如圖2所繪示之步驟110、120、130、及140中之一或多者期間於反應腔室內的壓力係介於約500與約1000 Pa或約1000與約5000 Pa之間。
在一些實施例中,在PEALD製程期間,用來形成電漿之RF產生器的功率可係介於約20W與約200W、約40W與約150W、或約20W與約50W之間。在一些實施例中,未施加偏壓。在其他實施例中,可施加低偏壓。舉例來說,介於噴淋頭與基座之間的偏壓可係介於約2W與約50W、約5W與約30W、或約2W與約15W之間。
在一些實施例中,使用PEALD製程。在其他實施例中,可使用其他循環沉積製程,諸如混合ALD-CVD製程之PECVD。在循環沉積製程中,可重複循環以形成期望厚度之層。舉例來說,可形成具有2 nm至約300 nm或約10 nm至約150 nm之厚度之層。
在一些實施例中,利用連續或脈衝式電漿,前驅物至反應腔室之流動速率(sccm)係15、80、160或前述數字之任兩者之範圍。
使用於本揭露之方法中之反應器可包括任何適當的氣相反應器。例示性的反應器包括ALD(例如,PEALD)反應器及CVD(例如,PECVD)反應器。圖6係適用於本揭露之例示性實施例之例示性PEALD設備300之示意圖。PEALD設備300包括在反應腔室3之內部11(反應區)中平行且彼此面對的一對導電平板電極4、2。當向一側施加RF功率(13.56 MHz或27 MHz)20,且於另一側12將電源電接地時,於電極之間激發電漿。可在下台(lower stage) 2(下部電極)中提供溫度調節器,且可將放置在其上之基材1的溫度保持在期望溫度。上部電極4亦充當噴淋板,且反應物氣體及/或稀釋氣體(若使用)以及前驅物氣體係分別通過氣體管線21及氣體管線22以及通過噴淋板4引入至反應腔室3中。此外,在反應腔室3中,提供具有排氣管線7之圓管13,通過其排出反應腔室3之內部11中的氣體。此外,設置在反應腔室3下方之傳送室5具備密封氣體管線24,以經由傳送室5的內部16(傳送區)將密封氣體引入至反應腔室3的內部11中,其中提供用於分開反應區與傳送區之分隔板14(此圖式省略閘閥,晶圓係通過該閘閥傳送至傳送室5中或從該傳送室5傳送)。傳送室亦具備排氣管線6。在一些實施例中,反應器係與經程式化來實施文中所述之PEALD製程的控制器400結合。
藉由本揭露之方法形成之結構200繪示於圖7。結構200可包括如文中所述之基材210。結構可包括上覆基材之一或多個層220,其係如文中所述來形成。
實例
以下提供之實例意欲為說明性。除非另外指示,否則本揭露之實施例不受限於以下提供的具體實例。
實例1
根據圖1及2中繪示之製程藉由PEALD於基材上形成低-k膜。使用連續電漿步驟進行循環。圖3繪示本揭露之方法產生類似ALD的膜生長。圖3A係顯示每循環之生長(GPC)(nm/循環)與前驅物饋送時間(秒)之間之關係圖,其指示於1秒的饋送時間後生長達到飽和點。圖3B顯示GPC與RF開啟時間(秒)之間的關係,其指示於大約0.6秒的電漿開啟時間後生長達到飽和點。圖3C顯示GPC與沖洗時間(秒)之間的關係,其指示於約2秒時沖洗實質上完成。於約2秒後,GPC主要係歸因於表面反應。圖3D顯示膜厚度(nm)與於沉積製程中重複之循環數之間的關係。圖3D指示層厚度與沉積循環數成比例地增加。兩者之間的關係實質上為線性,指示類似ALD的膜生長。
實例2
圖4A及4B繪示根據本揭露之實施例在不同製程條件下形成之Si-CH3 膜的傅立葉轉換紅外(FTIR)光譜。在1000 Pa壓力、200 W功率、及2秒之製程條件下,k值係約4。在1000 Pa壓力、200 W功率、及0.3秒下,k值係約4。在3000 Pa壓力、100 W功率、及0.15秒下,k值係3.1。在此等條件下之經改良的k值係較諸呈現3.23之k值之習知PECVD方法(參考)的進一步改良。當電漿離子能量減小時,Si-CH3 峰增加。此係經由提高壓力、減小功率、及減小電漿開啟時間,保持前驅物中之原始Si-CH3 結構來達成。
圖5繪示在於圖4中確定之最佳條件(明確言之3000 Pa壓力、100 W功率、及0.15秒)下使用脈衝式電漿相對連續電漿形成之 Si-CH3 膜的FTIR光譜。於脈衝放電期間沉積的膜具有較連續放電高的 Si-CH3 峰,據認為其係由減少或減輕副產物之納入膜中所產生。
上文所述之本揭露之實例實施例並未限制本揭露的範疇,因為這些實施例僅為本揭露之實施例之實例。任何等效實施例皆旨在本揭露之範疇內。實際上,除本文所示及所述之實施例以外,在所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者當可從本說明書明白本揭露之各種修改(諸如,所述元件之替代可用組合)。此類修改及實施例亦意欲落在隨附之申請專利範圍的範疇內。
1, 210:基材 2, 4:電極 3:反應腔室 5:傳送室 6, 7:排氣管線 11:反應腔室之內部 12:電接地之一側 13:圓管 14:分隔板 16:傳送室的內部 20:RF功率 21, 22:氣體管線 24:密封氣體管線 200:結構 220:層 300:PEALD設備 400:控制器
當結合下列說明圖式考慮時,可藉由參照實施方式及申請專利範圍而得到對本發明之例示性實施例的更完整了解。 圖1繪示根據本揭露之一實施例之PEALD製程序列。 圖2繪示於根據本揭露之一實施例之PEALD製程之一個循環期間發生的反應。 圖3 (A)-(D)係繪示根據本揭露之一實施例之每循環之低-к膜生長(GPC)(nm/循環)與(A)饋送時間(秒),(B)RF開啟時間(秒),及(C)沖洗時間(秒)之間之關係的圖。(D)繪示根據本揭露之一實施例於膜厚度(nm)與循環數之間的關係。 圖4A及圖4B繪示根據本揭露之實施例在不同製程條件下形成之Si-CH3 膜的傅立葉轉換紅外(FTIR)光譜。圖4A之分解圖插圖提供於圖4B中。 圖5繪示根據本揭露之實施例使用脈衝式電漿步驟及連續電漿步驟之Si-CH3 膜的FTIR光譜。 圖6繪示用於沉積可根據本揭露之實施例使用之介電膜之PEALD(電漿增強型原子層沉積)設備的示意圖。 圖7繪示根據本揭露之實施例形成之結構的示意圖。 將理解到的是,圖式中之元件係為了簡單及清楚起見而繪示且不一定按比例繪製。例如,圖式中的一些元件之尺寸可相對於其他元件誇大,以幫助提升對本揭露所繪示之實施例的瞭解。
100:製程
110,120,130,140:步驟

Claims (22)

  1. 一種在一基材之一表面上沉積一材料之方法,該方法包含下列步驟: (a)在一反應腔室內提供該基材; (b)於該反應腔室內提供一對稱結構化前驅物,其中該對稱結構化前驅物吸附於該基材之該表面上而形成一經吸附物種; (c)於提供該對稱結構化前驅物之後沖洗該反應腔室;及 (d)使該經吸附物種暴露至一活性物種以裂解該經吸附物種及藉此於該基材之該表面上形成一經裂解經吸附物種。
  2. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該對稱結構化前驅物係跨越水平軸對稱的。
  3. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該對稱結構化前驅物包含氧。
  4. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該對稱結構化包含以下中之一或多者:二甲基二甲氧矽烷(DMDMOS)、四甲基-1,3-二甲氧二矽氧烷(DMOTMDS)、四乙基-1,3-二甲氧二矽氧烷、四丙基-1,3-二甲氧二矽氧烷、四丁基-1,3-二甲氧二矽氧烷、四甲基-1,3-二乙氧二矽氧烷、四甲基-1,3-二丙氧二矽氧烷、四乙基-1,3-二乙氧二矽氧烷、四乙基-1,3-二丙氧二矽氧烷、四丙基-1,3-二乙氧二矽氧烷、四丙基-1,3-二丙氧二矽氧烷、四丁基-1,3-二乙氧二矽氧烷、或四丁基-1,3-二丙氧二矽氧烷。
  5. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該活性物種係於該反應腔室內形成。
  6. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該活性物種係使用一遠端電漿形成。
  7. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中用來形成該活性物種之氣體包含氬、氦、或氬及氦兩者。
  8. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中用來形成該活性物種之氣體包含氫氣。
  9. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中,在步驟(d)期間,脈衝一電漿。
  10. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中,在步驟(d)期間,連續供應一電漿。
  11. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該方法包括一PEALD製程。
  12. 如請求項1所述之方法,其進一步包括於步驟(d)之後沖洗該反應腔室之一步驟。
  13. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中一反應物氣體於步驟(a)至(d)期間連續地饋送至該反應腔室。
  14. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該前驅物包含Si-O鍵。
  15. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該前驅物包含矽及一有機基團。
  16. 如請求項15所述之方法,其中於步驟(d)中自該經吸附物種裂解出一有機基團。
  17. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該反應腔室內之一壓力係介於約500 Pa與約1000 Pa、或約1000 Pa與約5000 Pa之間。
  18. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該反應腔室內之一溫度係介於約70 °C與約50 °C、或約50 °C與約30 °C之間。
  19. 一種於一基材上形成一低-к介電膜之方法,其係經由執行如請求項1至17中任一項所述之方法,及重複步驟(a)至(d)直至達成期望膜厚度為止。
  20. 一種結構,其係根據請求項1至18中任一項所述之方法來形成。
  21. 一種反應器系統,其係用來執行如請求項1至18中任一項所述之步驟。
  22. 一種在一基材之一表面上沉積一材料之方法,該方法包含下列步驟: (a)在一反應腔室內提供該基材; (b)於該反應腔室內提供一前驅物,其中該前驅物吸附於該基材之該表面上而形成一經吸附物種; (c)於提供該前驅物之後沖洗該反應腔室;及 (d)使該經吸附物種暴露至一活性物種以裂解該經吸附物種及藉此形成一包含該材料之層。
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