TW202603249A - Composites and vehicle interior materials, vehicle parts, seats, etc. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a colorless sheet material that combines good surface quality or feel with strength or flame retardant properties. The invention relates to a composite material formed by adjacently laminating artificial leather and woven fabric a, wherein the artificial leather comprises: a fiber structure containing a substrate composed of extremely fine fibers as a constituent element; and a polymeric elastomer; the woven fabric a comprises modified polyacrylonitrile fibers; and a resin is dispersedly present between the layers of the artificial leather and the woven fabric a.

Description

Composites and vehicle interior materials, vehicle parts, seats, etc.

This invention relates to a composite material made of adjacent layers of artificial leather and woven fabric.

Artificial leather, primarily composed of fibrous structures containing extremely fine fibers and polymer elastomers, offers superior durability and uniform quality compared to natural leather. Therefore, it is used in various fields such as automotive interior materials, interior furnishings, shoes, and clothing. When used in vehicle seats or furniture, artificial leather requires not only good surface quality and feel but also strength and flame-retardant properties.

Various solutions have been proposed to give artificial leather strength or flame retardant properties. For example, in Patent 1, a flame retardant artificial leather is proposed, characterized in that an artificial leather comprising thermoplastic synthetic fiber fabrics containing woven, knitted or nonwoven fabrics and a polymer elastomer impregnated therein is given a flame retardant resin composition, said flame retardant resin composition comprising ammonium polyphosphate treated with water-difficult-to-soluble treatment, a triazine flame retardant with water solubility within a specific range, and an adhesive resin. Furthermore, the following is recorded: by means of the manufacturing method described in Patent Document 1, it has excellent flame retardancy without damaging the original soft feel of artificial leather, and suppresses the generation of color spots (which will be described later), exhibiting excellent resistance to color spots, and even when exposed to high temperatures, it suppresses the discoloration of the resin composition, exhibiting excellent heat resistance.

Furthermore, Patent Document 2 discloses a flame-retardant leather sample substrate, characterized in that, in the leather sample substrate comprising a non-woven fabric formed by three-dimensional twisting of ultra-fine fibers and a polymer elastomer, at least a portion of the ultra-fine fibers comprises an organophosphorus copolymer polyester, and the polymer elastomer comprises a polycarbonate-based polyurethane copolymerized from organophosphorus components. Moreover, it is described that by configuring the aforementioned structure, it is halogen-free and exhibits excellent flame retardancy, and the durability of this flame retardancy is also extremely excellent.

Furthermore, Patent Document 3 proposes an artificial leather composed of a nonwoven fabric made of a mixture of polyester shrinkage fibers, potentially crimped fibers, and meta-type polyaramid fibers, each exhibiting significant shrinkage and crimp. The apparent density is within a specific range. The artificial leather is characterized by the specific content of each fiber. It describes how, by adopting this structure, its feel and flame retardancy are significantly improved compared to existing artificial leathers with the same apparent density. [Prior Art Documents][Patent Documents]

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-227685 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-201574 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2008-133578

[Problem to be Solved by the Invention] As a technique for imparting flame retardant properties to artificial leather, it is known to apply water-soluble flame retardants such as guanidine phosphate to the entire artificial leather. However, there are the following problems: the smooth feel of the pile on the surface of the artificial leather is lost, or when the artificial leather absorbs moisture and dries, the guanidine phosphate dissolves and transfers to the surface due to the moisture, resulting in the formation of ring-shaped stains, also known as "color spots," thus significantly damaging the design of the artificial leather.

According to the technology proposed in Patent Document 1, artificial leather can be obtained that maintains a smooth surface quality while being less prone to color variations and possessing certain flame-retardant properties. However, since a flame-retardant resin composition containing adhesive resin is applied, there is room for improvement in the feel or drape of the artificial leather.

On the other hand, in the technology proposed in Patent Document 2, in order to give artificial leather strength and feel, the polymer elastomer, which is an important component, is polyurethane copolymerized from organophosphorus components. Therefore, compared with ordinary polymer elastomers, it becomes a design that reduces the feel and durability.

In addition, the technology proposed in Patent Document 3 involves mixing various fibers in the fiber structure of artificial leather, including polyester fibers and meta-polyaramid fibers. As a result, it is difficult to carry out uniform napping or dyeing processes, and the surface quality becomes uneven.

Therefore, this invention is made in view of the aforementioned circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a sheet material that is colorless, has good surface quality or feel, and possesses strength or flame retardant properties. [Means of Problem Solving]

To achieve the aforementioned objective, the inventors and others have conducted repeated research and found that by creating a composite consisting of layers of artificial leather and a woven fabric containing specific flame-retardant fibers, with resin dispersed between the layers of the artificial leather and the woven fabric, a composite that not only has good surface quality or feel but also strength or flame-retardant properties can be obtained.

This invention was made based on those insights, and by means of this invention, the following invention is provided.

[1] A composite comprising artificial leather and woven fabric a adjacently laminated, wherein the artificial leather comprises: a fiber structure comprising a substrate composed of extremely fine fibers as a constituent element; and a polymeric elastomer, wherein the woven fabric a comprises modified polyacrylonitrile fibers, and bonding resin is dispersedly present between the layers of the artificial leather and the woven fabric a. [2] The composite of [1] wherein the polyester fibers in the woven fabric a are present in a proportion of 5% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. [3] The composite of [1] or [2] wherein the modified polyacrylonitrile fibers in the composite are present in a proportion of 20% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. [4] A composite as described in any one of [1] to [3], wherein the fiber structure further comprises woven fabric b. [5] An interior material for a vehicle, comprising a composite as described in any one of [1] to [4]. [6] A part for a vehicle, comprising a composite as described in any one of [1] to [4]. [7] A seat, comprising a composite as described in any one of [1] to [4]. [Effects of the Invention]

This invention provides a composite material that is colorless, has excellent surface quality and feel, and also exhibits superior strength and flame retardant properties.

The composite of this invention is a composite formed by adjacently layering artificial leather and woven fabric a, wherein the artificial leather comprises a fibrous structure containing a substrate composed of extremely fine fibers as a constituent element and a polymer elastomer, the woven fabric a comprises modified polyacrylonitrile fibers, and bonded resins are dispersedly present between the layers of the artificial leather and the woven fabric. These constituent elements will be described in detail below, but the invention is not limited to the scope of the following description as long as it does not depart from its spirit, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Furthermore, in this invention, the term "woven fabric" is a general term for machine-woven fabrics and knitted fabrics.

[Substrate composed of ultra-fine fibers] First, the composite artificial leather of the present invention comprises a fiber structure, and the fiber structure comprises a substrate composed of ultra-fine fibers as a constituent element.

The extremely fine fibers preferably comprise thermoplastic resins. As the thermoplastic resin, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyester elastomers, polyamide resins such as polyamide 6, polyamide 66, and polyamide elastomers, polyurethane resins, polyolefin resins, and acrylonitrile resins, which can form fibers, can be used. However, from the viewpoints of durability, especially mechanical strength and heat resistance, polyester resins are preferred. Furthermore, in this invention, the term "polyester-based resin" refers to a resin in which the polyester unit accounts for 80% to 100% of the molar fraction in the repeating unit. Unless otherwise specified, all references to "…-based resin" are the same.

Examples of such polyester resins include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polytetramethylene terephthalate (PTT), polycyclohexyldimethyl terephthalate (PCD), polyethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate (2NaNDIC), and polyethylene-1,2-bis(2-chlorophenoxy)ethane-4,4'-dicarboxylate (1,2-bis(2-chlorophenoxy)ethane-4,4'-dicarboxylate). Preferably, the most commonly used polyethylene terephthalate or polyester copolymers primarily comprising polyethylene terephthalate units are used.

In the thermoplastic resin, inorganic particles such as titanium oxide particles, lubricants, heat stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, conductive agents, heat-retaining agents, and antibacterial agents may be added as needed, without hindering the purpose of the invention. In particular, when the artificial leather is to be dark in color, it is preferable to include black pigments such as carbon black and/or colored pigments such as nickel-titanium yellow in the thermoplastic resin constituting the extremely fine fibers.

Furthermore, in this invention, "ultra-fine fiber" refers to a fiber with a single fiber diameter of 15.0 μm or less, and preferably, the ultra-fine fiber has an average single fiber diameter of 0.1 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less. By preferably having an average single fiber diameter of 0.1 μm or more, and more preferably 0.5 μm or more, a composite with excellent color development, lightfastness, rubbing fastness, and stability during spinning is achieved. On the other hand, by preferably having a diameter of 10.0 μm or less, and more preferably 8.0 μm or less, a composite with excellent dense and soft-touch surface quality is achieved.

Furthermore, in this invention, the average single fiber diameter of the so-called ultrafine fiber is determined and calculated by the following method: (i) taking a scanning electron microscope (SEM, such as the "VHX-D500/D510" manufactured by KEYENCE Corporation) photograph of the cross-section of the artificial leather in the composite, randomly selecting 10 ultrafine fibers that are considered to be circular or nearly circular elliptical (fibers that are considered to be less than 15.0 μm in appearance), and measuring the single fiber diameter. However, when measuring the diameter of a single fiber, if it exceeds 15.0 μm, the fiber is not an extremely fine fiber. Therefore, another extremely fine fiber was selected to measure the diameter of the single fiber. (ii) Calculate the arithmetic mean of the diameters of 10 single fibers and round to two decimal places.

From the perspective of easily and stably forming artificial leather fibers during the composite manufacturing stage, and creating a composite with an excellent balance of quality, feel, and strength, a circular cross-section is preferred for the ultra-fine fiber cross-section of the present invention. However, depending on the required characteristics of the composite, irregular cross-sectional shapes such as elliptical, flat, and triangular polygons, sector and cross shapes, hollow, Y-shaped, T-shaped, and U-shaped cross-sections may also be used. In this case, the average single fiber diameter of the ultra-fine fiber is determined by first measuring the cross-sectional area of the single fiber and calculating the diameter when the cross-section is considered circular, thereby obtaining the diameter of the single fiber.

The substrate of this invention is composed of the aforementioned extremely fine fibers. Such substrates, in terms of their form, include non-woven fabrics, woven fabrics, and forms that contain both, and can be appropriately distinguished and used according to the cost and characteristics required for each application or purpose.

The substrate is preferably a non-woven fabric. With such a substrate, a composite with excellent quality, including a full feel, hand feel, or fine pile, is created even when the surface of the artificial leather is napped.

When the substrate is a nonwoven fabric, the nonwoven fabric can be in the form of long-fiber nonwoven fabric mainly composed of filaments or short-fiber nonwoven fabric mainly composed of fibers less than 100 mm. When the nonwoven fabric is long-fiber, it becomes a composite with excellent strength, which is therefore preferable. On the other hand, when it is short-fiber, compared to long-fiber, more fibers can be aligned along the thickness direction of the artificial leather, resulting in a composite that has a high degree of density on the surface when the artificial leather is napped.

When using short-fiber nonwoven fabric, the fiber length of the extremely fine fibers is preferably 25 mm or more and 90 mm or less. By limiting the upper limit of the fiber length range to 90 mm or less, more preferably 80 mm or less, and even more preferably 70 mm or less, a composite with good quality and hand feel is achieved. On the other hand, by limiting the lower limit of the fiber length range to 25 mm or more, more preferably 35 mm or more, and even more preferably 40 mm or more, a composite with excellent abrasion resistance is achieved.

Alternatively, it is also preferable to include a woven fabric composed of the aforementioned extremely fine fibers as a constituent element. By using such a fibrous structure, composites with excellent uniformity in thickness or quality can be produced.

[Fiber Structure] Furthermore, the fiber structure of the present invention comprises a substrate composed of the extremely fine fibers as a constituent element.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the fiber structure further includes woven fabric b. Specifically, the woven fabric b is formed in the interior or on one side of the surface of the substrate. Especially when the composite has an opening, it is preferable that the woven fabric b is a woven fabric, thus creating a composite that can maintain strength. Moreover, the phrase "the composite has an opening" refers to a portion in the composite where the opening has a hole (through opening) extending along the thickness direction. Furthermore, the woven fabric b differs from the woven fabric a described later; the woven fabric b is mainly composed of fibers other than modified polyacrylonitrile fibers. Here, "woven fabrics mainly composed of fibers other than modified polyacrylonitrile fibers" refers to those in which the proportion of modified polyacrylonitrile fibers in the fibers constituting the woven fabric is less than 1.0% by mass (including those that do not contain modified polyacrylonitrile fibers).

Furthermore, as for the type of fiber constituting the woven fabric b, it is preferable to use filament yarn, fine yarn, or a blended composite yarn of filament yarn and fine yarn. From the viewpoint of durability, especially mechanical strength, it is even more preferable to use multifilament yarn containing polyester resin or polyamide resin.

The average single fiber diameter of the fibers constituting the woven fabric b is preferably set to be 1 μm or more and 50 μm or less. By limiting the upper limit of the average single fiber diameter range of the fibers to 50 μm or less, more preferably 15 μm or less, and even more preferably 13 μm or less, a composite with excellent softness is achieved. Furthermore, even when the fibers of the woven fabric b are exposed on the surface of the composite, the hue difference between them and the extremely fine fibers containing dye after dyeing is reduced, thus creating a composite with uniform hue that does not compromise the surface. On the other hand, by limiting the range of the average single fiber diameter of the fibers constituting the woven fabric b to at least 1 μm, more preferably at least 8 μm, and even more preferably at least 9 μm, it becomes a composite with high morphological stability.

In this invention, the average single fiber diameter of the fibers constituting the woven fabric b is set as a value measured and calculated by means of the following method: taking a scanning electron microscope (SEM, such as the "VHX-D500/D510 type" manufactured by KEYENCE Corporation) photograph of the cross-section of the composite, randomly selecting 10 fibers constituting the woven fabric b, measuring the single fiber diameter of the fiber and calculating the arithmetic mean of the 10 fibers, and rounding to two decimal places.

When the fibers constituting the woven fabric b are multifilaments, the total fiber density of the multifilaments is preferably 30 dtex or more and 170 dtex or less. By limiting the upper limit of the total fiber density range of the fibers constituting the woven fabric b to 170 dtex or less, a composite with excellent softness can be obtained. On the other hand, by limiting the lower limit of the total fiber density range of the fibers constituting the woven fabric b to 30 dtex or more, not only is the morphological stability of the composite product improved, but also when the nonwoven fabric and the woven fabric b are intertwined using needle punching or other methods, the fibers constituting the woven fabric b are less likely to be exposed on the surface of the composite, which is therefore preferable. At this point, it is best to set the total fiber density of the warp and weft yarns to be the same.

Furthermore, the total fiber density of the yarns constituting the woven fabric b refers to the value measured and calculated by means of "8.3.1 Ordinary Fiber Density b) Method B (Simplified Method)" in "8.3 Fiber Density" of Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) L1013:2010 "Test Methods for Chemical Fiber Filaments".

In this case, the fiber structure of the present invention is preferably formed by integrating the substrate and the fabric b together. This type of fiber structure, especially when the composite has an opening, results in a composite with excellent strength or morphological stability. Furthermore, in the present invention, "the substrate and the fabric b are integrated together" refers to a state in which multiple extremely fine fibers constituting the substrate are intertwined with fibers constituting the fabric b, and the substrate and the fabric b are integrated.

[Polymer elastomer] The composite artificial leather of the present invention contains a polymer elastomer. Here, in the present invention, "containing a polymer elastomer" means that the remaining central 40% of the artificial leather in the composite, after removing 30% of the portion from the two surfaces excluding the napped portion in the thickness direction, contains a polymer elastomer. This can be determined by the following steps (1) to (7). (1) Using a lint brush or the like, the napped surface of the artificial leather is bent down, and in this state, a thin slice with a thickness of 1 mm is made at a randomly selected position in the artificial leather along the thickness direction of the artificial leather. (2) Observe the central 40% of the cross section of the thin section of (1) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, such as the "VHX-D500/D510" manufactured by Keyence Corporation). (3) In the SEM image, confirm whether there are any substances other than fibers that constitute the fibrous structure. (4) If there are substances other than fibers that constitute the fibrous structure, remove them by peeling off the coating material on the surface of the artificial leather. (5) After removing 30% of the artificial leather in the thickness direction from the two surfaces except for the napped part, only the central 40% remains. (6) Dissolve the test strip from (5) in either N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), and perform compositional analysis on the solute in the dissolved DMF solution and the insoluble matter in HFIP to confirm the presence or absence of a polymer elastomer. Then, in the compositional analysis, the presence or absence of a polymer elastomer is confirmed, for example by infrared spectroscopy (IR). (7) If the structure of the polymer elastomer described later can be confirmed in either the solute in the DMF solution or the insoluble matter in HFIP, it is considered to contain a polymer elastomer.

This polymer elastomer is an adhesive that binds the extremely fine fibers that make up the artificial leather. Therefore, considering the soft feel of the composite of the present invention, polyurethane is preferably used as the main component of the polymer elastomer. Furthermore, the term "main component" as used in the present invention refers to polyurethane having a mass greater than 50% of the total mass of the polymer elastomer.

In this invention, the polyurethane preferably used as a polymer elastomer can be either an organic solvent-based polyurethane used in a dissolved state or a water-dispersible polyurethane used in a dispersed state in water. Here, in this invention, a water-dispersible polyurethane refers to a polyurethane having a hydrophilic group and a solubility in DMF of less than 40 g/100 g-DMF (relative to 100 g of DMF, the polyurethane dissolves less than 40 g). Conversely, a polyurethane with a solubility in DMF of 40 g/100 g-DMF or more (relative to 100 g of DMF, the polyurethane dissolves more than 40 g) is assumed to be an organic solvent-based polyurethane resin.

In this invention, for the purpose of improving water resistance, abrasion resistance, and hydrolysis resistance, polyurethane, which is preferably used as a polymeric elastomer, can be used in conjunction with a crosslinking agent. The crosslinking agent can be an external crosslinking agent added as a third component to the polyurethane, or an internal crosslinking agent that is pre-introduced into the molecular structure of the polyurethane to form reaction sites for the crosslinking structure. From the viewpoint that a uniform number of crosslinking sites can be formed within the molecular structure of the polyurethane, thereby mitigating the reduction in flexibility, an internal crosslinking agent is preferred.

In addition, polymer elastomers may contain various additives depending on their purpose, such as flame retardants (phosphorus, halogen, and inorganic), antioxidants (phenol, sulfur, and phosphorus), UV absorbers (benzotriazole, triazine, benzophenone, salicylates, cyanoacrylates, and oxalic acid anilide), light stabilizers (hindered amines or benzoates), hydrolysis stabilizers (polycarbodiimide or oxazoline), plasticizers, antistatic agents, surfactants, coagulation modifiers, carbon black, and dyes.

Generally, the content of polymer elastomers in artificial leather can be appropriately adjusted considering the type of polymer elastomer used, the manufacturing method of the polymer elastomer, and its feel or physical properties. In this invention, the content ratio of polymer elastomers relative to the mass of artificial leather is preferably 2% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. By limiting the lower limit of the aforementioned polymer elastomer content ratio to 2% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, and even more preferably 15% by mass or more, the lower limit of polymer elastomer-based bonding between fibers can be strengthened during the artificial leather production stage, thus creating a strong and excellent composite. On the other hand, by limiting the content of the polymer elastomer to a range of preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 45% by mass or less, and even more preferably 40% by mass or less, it not only becomes a composite with a soft hand feel, but also a composite that can suppress dye contamination of other fabrics washed at the same time during washing.

Furthermore, in this invention, the content ratio (mass%) of polymer elastomer in artificial leather is set to be determined and calculated by the following procedure: (1) Three test pieces of 10 cm × 10 cm size are randomly collected from the composite. (2) In the presence of the substance coated on the surface of the artificial leather in the composite, the layer is peeled off. (3) After removing 30% of the artificial leather in the thickness direction from both surfaces except for the napped part, only the central 40% remains. (4) In the method (7) for confirming whether the polymer elastomer is contained, if the structure of the polymer elastomer can be confirmed on the solute side of the DMF solution, proceed to step (5); if the structure of the polymer elastomer can be confirmed on the insoluble side of the HFIP, proceed to step (6) to calculate the content ratio of the polymer elastomer. Alternatively, if the structure of the polymer elastomer can be confirmed on both DMF and HFIP, the larger value calculated in steps (5) and (6) is used as the content ratio of the polymer elastomer. (5) Immerse the test piece in DMF and dry it at 25°C for 24 hours. The mass ratio of the test pieces before and after dissolution is calculated using the following formula. The arithmetic mean (%) of the three test pieces is rounded to the first decimal place to calculate the content ratio of polymer elastomer (mass of sample before dissolution (g) - mass of sample after dissolution and drying (g)) / (mass of sample before dissolution (g)) × 100 ··· (Formula) (6) The test pieces are immersed in HFIP and dried at 25°C for 24 hours. The mass ratio of the test pieces before and after dissolution is calculated using the following formula. The arithmetic mean (%) of the three test pieces is rounded to the first decimal place to calculate the content ratio of polymer elastomer (mass of sample after dissolution (g)) / (mass of sample before dissolution (g)) × 100 ··· (Formula).

[Artificial Leather] The composite artificial leather of the present invention comprises the fiber structure and the polymer elastomer. Furthermore, in the composite artificial leather of the present invention, it is preferable to have pile on the surface not adjacent to the woven fabric a, and more preferably, a surface resin layer is present on the piled surface.

That is, in this invention, the pile can be present only on the surface of the artificial leather that is not adjacent to the woven fabric a, as described above, or it is permissible to have it on both surfaces. From a design perspective, when the pile is present on the surface that is not adjacent to the woven fabric a, the pile shape is preferably such that it has a pile length and directional softness to the extent that it leaves a mark when a finger is stroked due to the change in the direction of the pile, i.e., to the extent that it produces a fingerprint.

More specifically, the length of the surface pile is preferably 200 μm or more and 500 μm or less. By having the lower limit of the stated pile length preferably 200 μm or more, and more preferably 250 μm or more, the surface pile is covered by a polymer elastomer located inside the matrix, suppressing the exposure of the polymer elastomer on the side of the artificial leather not adjacent to the woven fabric a, thus creating a composite with uniform color development. Furthermore, when the woven fabric b is integrated with the non-woven fabric constituting the artificial leather, by setting the surface pile length to the stated range, the fibers of the woven fabric b located near the surface of the artificial leather can be sufficiently covered, which is therefore preferable. On the other hand, by limiting the upper limit of the pile length to below 500 μm, and more preferably below 450 μm, it becomes a composite with excellent design effect and wear resistance.

In this invention, the pile length of the artificial leather is determined and calculated by the following method. (1) For a surface with pile, the pile is turned upside down using a cotton brush or the like. (2) With the pile upside down, two cross-sections of the artificial leather are photographed at 120x magnification using a scanning electron microscope (SEM: such as the "VHX-D500/D510" manufactured by KEYENCE Corporation). (3) As illustrated in Figure 1, the layer in the cross-section containing only fibers aligned along the thickness direction is taken as the pile portion (2), and the length from the intersection of the fiber aligned along the thickness direction and the fiber aligned along the surface direction of the artificial leather to the front end of the pile is taken as the pile length (μm), and it is measured at 10 points. (4) Repeat (3) for all sections to calculate the arithmetic mean of the standing hair length (μm) and round it to the nearest whole number.

In this invention, when the surface resin layer is present, it may be a continuous layer (in which case the surface of the composite becomes a silver-toned surface), or it may be a discontinuous layer (in which case the surface of the composite becomes a semi-silver-toned surface).

The surface resin layer is preferably one or more resins selected from the group consisting of styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, and natural resin. Among these, polyurethane resin is preferred from the viewpoint of softness and abrasion resistance.

In this invention, the resin used in the surface resin layer may, to a extent that it does not impede the effects of this invention, contain polyester-based, polyamide-based, and polyolefin-based elastomer resins, acrylic resins, and ethylene-vinyl acetate resins, etc. Furthermore, these resins may contain various additives, such as pigments like carbon black, flame retardants such as phosphorus-based, halogen-based, and inorganic-based resins, antioxidants such as phenolic, sulfur-based, and phosphorus-based resins, light stabilizers such as hindered amine or benzoate-based resins, hydrolysis stabilizers such as polycarbodiimide, plasticizers, antistatic agents, surfactants, coagulation modifiers, and dyes, etc.

[Fabric a] Fabric a of the composite of the present invention comprises modified polyacrylonitrile fibers. The modified polyacrylonitrile fibers refer to fibers containing acrylonitrile in which the acrylonitrile content is 35% by mass or more and less than 85% by mass. Furthermore, the modified polyacrylonitrile fibers generate inert gases during combustion, thus contributing to the self-extinguishing of flames on the surface of the composite. By laminating artificial leather adjacent to the fabric a containing the modified polyacrylonitrile fibers, the composite, with gaps between the fibers, makes the artificial leather, which has a flammable structure, less prone to combustion.

Furthermore, the woven fabric a preferably contains polyester fibers, with the polyester fibers preferably comprising 5% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. By having a lower limit of 5% by mass or more, and more preferably 10% by mass or more, a composite with excellent strength is achieved. On the other hand, by having an upper limit of 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 45% by mass or less, a composite with excellent flame-retardant properties is achieved.

Furthermore, the proportion of modified polyacrylonitrile fiber or polyester fiber in the woven fabric a is as follows: For the woven fabric a that is removed and remains after being peeled or ground from the composite (excluding the woven fabric a), the value is determined and calculated according to "Part 1: Fiber Identification" of JIS L1030-1:2012 "Test Method for Blending Rate of Fiber Products" and "Part 2: Fiber Blending Rate" of JIS L1030-2:2012 "Test Method for Blending Rate of Fiber Products" under "5 Unwinding Method" or "6 Dissolution Method".

Fabric a, which is part of the composite of this invention, may include, for example, plain weave fabrics, twill fabrics, satin fabrics, and various machine-made fabrics based on such weave structures, or warp-knitted fabrics, weft-knitted fabrics represented by tricot warp-knitted fabrics, lace fabrics, and various knitted fabrics based on such weave structures. Both machine-made and knitted fabrics are also permitted.

Among these considerations, when taking into account the bonding strength with artificial leather, the material strength of woven fabric a, and the softness or flame retardant properties of the composite, it is preferable that woven fabric a is a woven fabric. In this way, a composite with excellent bonding strength between artificial leather and woven fabric a, as well as excellent softness or flame retardant properties, is achieved.

[Composite] The composite of the present invention is formed by adjacently laminating artificial leather and woven fabric a. Moreover, adjacent resins are dispersed between the layers of said artificial leather and said woven fabric a. Here, the phrase "the resin is dispersedly present between the layers of the artificial leather and the woven fabric a" specifically refers to a state in which the resin is arranged in a dotted pattern as shown in Figure 2, a state in which the resin is arranged in a grid pattern as shown in Figure 3, a state in which the resin is arranged in a striped pattern as shown in Figure 4, a state in which the resin is arranged in a random mesh pattern as shown in Figure 5, etc., and does not refer to a state in which the resin is actually present on the entire surface as shown in Figure 6, a state in which it is only arranged at the ends of the woven fabric a as shown in Figure 7, a state in which it is only partially arranged on a part of the woven fabric a as shown in Figure 8, etc.

The adhesive resin of this invention can be selected from materials such as polyurethane, acrylic resin, silicone resin, polyolefin, polyamide, epoxy resin, vinyl chloride, and polyester, depending on the material or form of the fabric a. Among these, polyurethane or acrylic resin is preferred when considering both softness and adhesion at high temperatures. Polyurethane, which has both high adhesion and high softness, is particularly preferred. Furthermore, the polyurethane is preferably a two-component liquid-liquid type that is a moisture-curing reactive hot melt adhesive, a mixture of isocyanates, or a chain elongating agent.

The modified polyacrylonitrile fiber content in the composite is preferably 20% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. By having a lower limit of 20% by mass or more, and more preferably 25% by mass or more, the composite exhibits excellent flame retardant properties. Conversely, by having an upper limit of 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 45% by mass or less, the composite exhibits excellent strength.

Furthermore, in this invention, the content ratio of modified polyacrylonitrile fiber in the composite is as follows: the value determined and calculated according to "Part 1: Fiber Identification" of JIS L1030-1:2012 "Test Method for Blending Rate of Fiber Products" and "Part 2: Fiber Blending Rate" of JIS L1030-2:2012 "Test Method for Blending Rate of Fiber Products" using either the "5 Unwinding Method" or the "6 Dissolution Method".

The composite of the present invention preferably has a mass per unit area of 200 g/ ^m² or more and 900 g/ ^m² or less. By limiting the lower limit of the mass per unit area range of the composite to 200 g/ ^m² or more, more preferably 250 g/ ^m² or more, and even more preferably 300 g/ ^m² or more, a composite with a substantial feel and excellent hand texture is obtained. On the other hand, by limiting the upper limit of the mass per unit area range of the composite to 900 g/ ^m² or less, more preferably 800 g/ ^m² or less, and even more preferably 700 g/ ^m² or less, a composite with excellent formability and softness is obtained.

Furthermore, in this invention, the mass per unit area of the composite is determined and calculated using the following method: (i) Three test pieces of 5 cm × 5 cm size are randomly collected from the composite. (ii) The mass of the composite is measured to one decimal place. (iii) The mass of the composite is divided by the area of the test piece to calculate the mass per unit area of each composite sample. The arithmetic mean (g/ ^m² ) of the three test pieces is rounded to the nearest decimal place.

The composite of this invention preferably has a thickness of 0.2 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less, as determined by "6.1.1 A" of "6.1 Thickness (International Organization for Standardization, ISO) Method" in JIS L1913:2010 "General Nonwoven Fabrics Test Methods". By limiting the lower limit of the composite thickness to 0.2 mm or more, more preferably 0.3 mm or more, and even more preferably 0.4 mm or more, it becomes a composite that not only has excellent processability during manufacturing but also possesses a substantial feel and excellent hand texture. On the other hand, by limiting the upper limit of the composite thickness to 5.0 mm or less, more preferably 4.5 mm or less, and even more preferably 4.0 mm or less, it becomes a composite with excellent formability and softness.

Furthermore, in this invention, the thickness of the composite is measured and calculated using the following method: (i) Ten test pieces of 2500 ^mm² or larger are collected from the composite (e.g., square test pieces of 50 mm × 50 mm, or circular test pieces of 60 mm in diameter, etc.). (ii) A pressure of 0.5 kPa is applied to the upper circular horizontal plate of a thickness gauge (e.g., the "H-1A Scale Thickness Gauge" manufactured by Ozaki Manufacturing Co., Ltd.), and the zero point is adjusted. (iii) Using the thickness gauge, a pressure of 0.5 kPa is applied to the test piece for 10 seconds, and the thickness is measured to 0.01 mm. (iv) The arithmetic mean (mm) of the ten test pieces is calculated and rounded to three decimal places.

The composite of the present invention preferably has an average tensile strength of 100 N/5 cm or more and 2000 N/5 cm or more in any two orthogonal directions, as measured by JIS L1913:2010 "General Test Methods for Nonwoven Fabrics" "6.3.1 Tensile Strength and Elongation (ISO Method)". If the average tensile strength is 100 N/5 cm or more, more preferably 150 N/5 cm or more, and even more preferably 200 N/5 cm or more, the composite exhibits excellent morphological stability or durability, and is therefore preferred. Furthermore, if the average tensile strength is 2000 N/5 cm or less, more preferably 1800 N/5 cm or less, and even more preferably 1500 N/5 cm or less, it becomes a composite with excellent formability.

Furthermore, the tensile strength can be adjusted by the unit area mass or density of the artificial leather, the density of the layered fabric a or the inserted fabric b, and the total fiber density of the constituent threads.

Hereinafter, the composite of the present invention preferably has excellent flame retardancy and is a qualified composite when evaluating the flame retardant properties of the composite below.

The flame-retardant performance of the composite is evaluated based on the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) No. 302, the combustion test specifications (horizontal burning speed) for automotive interior materials. A horizontal test piece (350 mm × 100 mm) is held in contact with a 38 mm flame for 15 seconds. The combustion speed is determined relative to the 254 mm distance between lines A and B, according to the following criteria: • If the composite self-extinguishes before reaching line A, the criterion is set as "non-flammable," and it is considered合格 (qualified). • If the composite self-extinguishes after exceeding line A, and the burning distance is within 50 mm and the burning time is within 60 seconds, the criterion is set as "self-extinguishing," and it is considered合格 (qualified). • If the burning speed between the lane markings is less than 80 mm/min, even if it does not self-extinguish, the classification will be set as "burning below the specified speed," and it will be considered合格 (qualified). • If the burning speed between the lane markings exceeds 80 mm/min, even if it does not self-extinguish, the classification will be set as "burning exceeding the specified speed," and it will be considered不合格 (unqualified).

In addition, the flame retardant properties can be adjusted by the proportion of modified polyacrylonitrile fibers in the woven fabric a, or by the mass per unit area of the artificial leather and the woven fabric a.

When the composite of the present invention is used in automotive interior materials, especially for applications requiring high ventilation for seat ventilation systems, it is preferable to have multiple openings.

The term "opening" in this invention is not limited to a portion in the composite that has a hole extending through the thickness direction (through-opening), but also includes cases where the openings of the artificial leather and the woven fabric a do not overlap in the planar direction and thus do not constitute a through-opening. As an example of the latter, a form in which an opening is pre-formed on the artificial leather and layered with the woven fabric a can be cited.

The shape of the opening can be any shape according to the desired design, and can be circular, elliptical, flat, triangular, or other polygonal, sector-shaped, cross-shaped, hollow, Y-shaped, T-shaped, or U-shaped irregular shapes. The arrangement of the opening is not particularly limited; it can be arranged regularly or irregularly. From the viewpoint of achieving uniform air permeability and strength in the composite as a whole, a regular arrangement at prescribed intervals is preferred. From the viewpoint of balancing the air permeability and strength of the composite, the aperture of the opening is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less; from the viewpoint of maintaining strength or morphological stability, the opening ratio is preferably 20% or less.

Furthermore, the "opening ratio" in this invention refers to the ratio of the area of the opening to the area of the composite surface.

[Method for manufacturing the composite] The preferred method for manufacturing the composite of the present invention includes a step of dispersively presenting a resin between the layers of the artificial leather and the woven fabric a. Details of this will be described below.

(1) Steps for forming artificial leather First, as a fiber structure for artificial leather, a method for forming a substrate composed of extremely fine fibers can be listed as follows: a method for obtaining a substrate by directly spinning fibers of the average single fiber diameter; a method for temporarily forming a sheet composed of extremely fine fiber-displaying fibers (described later), and then forming a substrate from which extremely fine fibers of the average single fiber diameter are displayed (method of forming a sheet composed of extremely fine fiber-displaying fibers), etc. From the perspective of being highly operable and able to obtain fibers with uniform single-fiber diameters, it is preferable to adopt a method that temporarily uses a sheet composed of extremely fine fiber-like fibers.

As an ultra-fine fiber, an island-type composite fiber is used: thermoplastic resins with different solvent solubility are used as the sea component (easily soluble polymer) and the island component (difficult-to-soluble polymer). The sea component is dissolved and removed using a solvent, thereby making the island component the fiber with the average single fiber diameter. By using an island-type composite fiber, an appropriate amount of space can be provided between the island components, that is, between the ultra-fine fibers inside the fiber bundle, when removing the sea component. Therefore, it is better from the viewpoint of the softness of the composite or the surface quality.

As a method for spinning ultrafine fibers with an island-type composite structure, from the viewpoint of obtaining ultrafine fibers with uniform single fiber diameter, it is preferable to use a polymer inter-arrangement that arranges the sea component and island component in an inter-arrangement and spins the fibers using a die for island-type composite fibers.

As the marine component of island-type composite fibers, polyethylene, polystyrene, copolyesters copolymerized from sodium isophthalate sulfonate or polyethylene glycol, polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol and their copolymers can be used. However, from the perspective of fiber production or easy solubility, polystyrene or copolyesters can be used better.

When using the island-type composite fiber, it is preferable to set the strength of the island component to 2.0 cN/dtex or higher. By setting the strength of the island component to preferably 2.0 cN/dtex or higher, more preferably 2.3 cN/dtex or higher, and even more preferably 2.8 cN/dtex or higher, the abrasion resistance of the composite can be improved and the decrease in frictional strength associated with fiber shedding can be suppressed.

Furthermore, in this invention, the strength of the island component of the so-called island-type composite fiber is determined and calculated by the following method: (1) Bundle 10 island-type composite fibers with a length of 20 cm. (2) After dissolving and removing the island component from the sample in (1), air dry. (3) Perform 10 tests (N=10) under the conditions of clamping length of 5 cm, stretching speed of 5 cm/min, and load of 2 N by means of "8.5 Tensile strength and elongation" in JIS L1013:2010 "Test methods for chemical fiber filament yarns". (4) Round the arithmetic mean (cN/dtex) of the test results obtained in (3) to two decimal places.

Here, when the substrate is a non-woven fabric, the spun ultra-fine fibers are opened, and a fiber web is made using a cross-laying machine or the like. This web is then twisted together to obtain a fiber structure incorporating non-woven fabric as a component. As a method for obtaining a fiber structure incorporating non-woven fabric by twisting the fiber web, needle punching or water jet punching can be used.

As described above, short-fiber or long-fiber nonwoven fabrics can be used as the nonwoven fabric. However, if it is a short-fiber nonwoven fabric, there are more fibers in the thickness direction of the artificial leather than in a long-fiber nonwoven fabric, which can achieve a high density and soft feel on the surface of the composite when it is napped.

In the case of a short-fiber nonwoven fabric, the island-type composite fibers obtained in the step of forming the island-type composite fibers are preferably crimped, cut to a specified length to obtain raw cotton, and then opened, laminated, and twisted to obtain the short-fiber nonwoven fabric. Known methods can be used for the crimping and cutting processes.

When using short-fiber nonwoven fabric, the average fiber length of the ultra-fine fiber-revealing type of fiber is preferably 25 mm or more and 90 mm or less. By setting the average fiber length to 90 mm or less, more preferably 80 mm or less, and even more preferably 70 mm or less, good quality and a soft hand feel are obtained. On the other hand, by setting the average fiber length to 25 mm or more, more preferably 35 mm or more, and even more preferably 40 mm or more, a composite with excellent abrasion resistance can be made.

Furthermore, if the fiber structure further includes woven fabric b as a constituent element, a sheet composed of extremely fine fiber-displaying fibers obtained by the method can be laminated with woven fabric b, and then entangled together. When integrating a sheet made of ultrafine fiber revealing fibers with a woven fabric b, the woven fabric b can be laminated on one or both surfaces of the sheet made of ultrafine fiber revealing fibers, or the woven fabric b can be sandwiched between multiple sheets made of ultrafine fiber revealing fibers, and then the fibers of the sheet made of ultrafine fiber revealing fibers and the woven fabric b can be intertwined by needle punching or hydroentangling.

Preferably, the apparent density of a sheet composed of extremely fine fibers (hereinafter referred to as "twisted sheet"; including those integrated with fabric b) after needle punching or hydroentangling is set to 0.15 g/ ^cm³ or higher and 0.45 g/ ^cm³ or lower. By setting the apparent density to preferably 0.15 g/ ^cm³ or higher, the fibers are less likely to fall off or stretch during the manufacturing stage, even if excessive tension is applied, thereby obtaining a composite with improved fiber density and good appearance quality. On the other hand, by setting the apparent density to preferably below 0.45 g/ ^cm3 , sufficient space can be maintained to give the polymer elastomer, and the cross-sectional voids can be preserved, thereby creating a composite with a soft feel.

In order to improve the density of the fibers, it is also a better practice to perform heat shrinkage treatment on the spun sheets using warm water or steam.

Next, the water-soluble resin can also be applied by impregnating the spunsheet with an aqueous solution of the water-soluble resin and then drying it. By applying the water-soluble resin to the spunsheet, the fibers are fixed and dimensional stability is improved. Here, in this invention, the water-soluble resin refers to a resin that is soluble in water or hot water (water at 80°C to 100°C), specifically including polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.

The obtained spun sheet can then be treated with a solvent or solution to reveal extremely fine fibers. One method for forming extremely fine fibers with an average single fiber diameter of 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less is the aforementioned treatment. Furthermore, the spun sheet revealing extremely fine fibers will be abbreviated as extremely fine fiber sheet below.

The formation of ultrafine fiber sheets using this method can be carried out by immersing the spun sheet in a solvent or solution to dissolve and remove the marine components of the island-type composite fibers.

As solvents for dissolving and removing marine components, organic solvents such as toluene or trichloroethylene can be used when the marine component is polyethylene or polystyrene. Alternatively, alkaline aqueous solutions such as sodium hydroxide solution can be used when the marine component is copolyester or polylactic acid. Furthermore, hot water can be used when the marine component is water-soluble thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol.

Furthermore, by impregnating a solution of the polymer elastomer into a microfiber sheet or a woven sheet and then curing the polymer elastomer, a sheet containing the polymer elastomer can be formed. As a method for curing the polymer elastomer, there are methods such as wet curing or dry curing after impregnating a solution of the polymer elastomer into a microfiber sheet or a woven sheet; these methods can be appropriately selected depending on the type of polymer elastomer used.

When polyurethane is chosen as the solvent for a polymer elastomer, N,N-dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide are preferred when the polyurethane is an organic solvent-based polyurethane. Alternatively, when the polyurethane is a water-dispersible polyurethane, a water-dispersible polyurethane solution prepared by dispersing the polyurethane as an emulsion in water can also be used.

Furthermore, when a polymer elastomer is applied to the entangled sheet, it can be treated with a solvent or solution after the sheet with the polymer elastomer is formed, so that it exhibits extremely fine fibers. The specific process is the same as described above.

As described above, a sheet-like material comprising a fibrous structure containing a substrate made of extremely fine fibers and a polymeric elastomer can be formed. This material can be directly used as artificial leather in subsequent steps, but alternatively, one surface of the obtained sheet-like material can be ground to form artificial leather with a napped texture. From a manufacturing efficiency perspective, it is also preferable to cut the sheet-like material in half along its thickness direction to produce two sheets of artificial leather before grinding the surface of the artificial leather.

Specifically, one of the surfaces of the sheet material (including half-cut sheets) can be sanded using sandpaper or a roller sander to form a synthetic leather with raised nap. A lubricant such as a silicone emulsion can also be applied to the surface of the sheet material before sanding.

Alternatively, the material that has been completed up to the above steps can be used directly as artificial leather, but it is preferable to produce artificial leather by performing various post-processing processes in the same way as conventional artificial leather manufacturing methods. Of course, artificial leather that has undergone post-processing is also considered artificial leather in this invention.

Firstly, it is preferable to perform a dyeing treatment on the artificial leather. Methods for performing this dyeing include, for example, liquid dyeing using a jigger dyeing machine or a liquid dyeing machine, immersion dyeing using a thermosol dyeing machine in a continuous dyeing machine, or dyeing treatments applied to the napped surface using roller dyeing, screen dyeing, inkjet dyeing, sublimation dyeing, and vacuum sublimation dyeing. Among these, liquid dyeing using a liquid dyeing machine is preferred in terms of obtaining a soft hand feel and in terms of quality or grade.

The mass per unit area of the composite artificial leather of this invention is determined by JIS L1913:2010 "General Test Methods for Nonwoven Fabrics""6.2 Mass per Unit Area (ISO Method)", preferably setting the mass per unit area to 50 g/ ^m² or more and 600 g/ ^m² or less. By setting the mass per unit area of the artificial leather to 50 g/ ^m² or more, more preferably 80 g/ ^m² or more, a more substantial artificial leather with a superior feel can be obtained. On the other hand, by setting the mass per unit area of the artificial leather to 600 g/ ^m² or less, more preferably 500 g/ ^m² or less, a softer composite can be obtained.

Additionally, the surface can be designed as needed. For example, post-processing treatments such as perforation, embossing, laser processing, ultrasonic welding, and printing can be performed. Of course, it is preferable to perform these post-processing treatments on the artificial leather before dyeing.

(2) The step of making the resin subsequently present in a discrete manner (the step of forming the composite) is followed by making the resin subsequently present in a discrete manner between the artificial leather and the woven fabric a. In this way, the composite is obtained.

In the manufacturing method of the composite of the present invention, the unit area mass of the woven fabric a in the composite manufacturing stage is preferably 50 g/ ^m² or more and 300 g/ ^m² or less. By setting the unit area mass of the woven fabric a to preferably 50 g/ ^m² or more, and more preferably 70 g/ ^m² or more, a composite with excellent flame retardant properties or strength can be produced. Furthermore, by setting the unit area mass of the woven fabric a to 300 g/ ^m² or less, and more preferably 250 g/ ^m² or less, a composite with excellent softness can be produced.

Furthermore, in this invention, the mass per unit area of fabric a in the manufacturing stage of the composite refers to the value measured by means of "6.2 Mass per unit area (ISO method)" of JIS L1913:2010 "General nonwoven fabric test methods".

In the manufacturing method of the composite of the present invention, regarding the tensile strength of the woven fabric a in the composite manufacturing stage, the average value of the tensile strength in any two orthogonal directions is preferably 80 N/5 cm or more and 1500 N/5 cm or less. With the average tensile strength being 80 N/5 cm or more, more preferably 100 N/5 cm, and even more preferably 150 N/5 cm or more, the morphological stability or durability of the composite is excellent, and therefore preferred. Furthermore, with the average tensile strength being 1500 N/5 cm or less, more preferably 1200 N/5 cm or less, and even more preferably 1000 N/5 cm or less, the formability of the composite is excellent when it is manufactured.

Furthermore, in this invention, the tensile strength of the woven fabric a in the manufacturing stage of the composite refers to the value measured by JIS L1913:2010 "General nonwoven fabrics test methods" "6.3.1 Tensile strength and elongation (ISO method)".

As a method for applying the adhesive to the composite of the present invention, a rotary screen, a blade roller coating machine, a gravure roller coating machine, a contact roller coating machine, and a burnishing coating machine can be used to apply the adhesive in a quantitative manner. Regarding the amount of adhesive applied, if a certain degree of precision is required, the hot melt resin that becomes the adhesive resin can be directly sprayed onto the woven fabric a, or placed on a nonwoven fabric composed of the adhesive resin (however, this is limited to cases where the adhesive resin can exist in a dispersed manner as described above). To achieve a good hand feel as a composite, these are preferably prepared using a rotary screen or gravure roller coating machine, as illustrated in Figures 2-5, in a manner where the resin is then dispersed. This prevents the composite from hardening in hand feel or decreasing its breathability.

As a bonding method for the composite of the present invention, when the bonding resin is a wet-curing resin, bonding is promoted by placing it in a suitable temperature and humidity environment (also known as "curing"). Alternatively, when a thermoplastic resin is used as the bonding resin, it is integrated by hot pressing. Hot pressing can be performed using methods such as hot rollers.

The amount of adhesive resin can vary depending on the surface condition of the woven fabric a or artificial leather to which it is bonded, or the type of adhesive resin, but is preferably 2 g/ ^m² or more and 80 g/ ^m² or less. With an amount of adhesive resin preferably 2 g/ ^m² or more, and more preferably 5 g/ ^m² or more, the interlayer bonding strength becomes good. On the other hand, with an amount of adhesive resin preferably 80 g/ ^m² or less, and more preferably 70 g/ ^m² or less, the softness of the composite becomes good.

[Interior materials for vehicles, seats] The composite of this invention is colorless and has good surface quality or feel, strength or flame retardant properties, and is therefore better suited for all applications, primarily clothing, general merchandise, footwear and bags, interior materials for vehicles, seats, substrates for abrasive mats, various abrasive cloths and wiping cloths, and other industrial materials.

Among them, vehicle interior materials containing the aforementioned composite are preferred due to their excellent flame-retardant properties and strength. Such vehicle interior materials include, for example, those used in automotive parts such as steering wheels, horn switches, gear shift levers, dashboards, instrument panels, glove boxes, floor carpets, floor mats, headliners, sun visors, and auxiliary handles; more preferably, these vehicle parts include the aforementioned composite. Furthermore, the term "vehicle" in this invention includes vehicles such as automobiles, airplanes, railway vehicles, and ships, as well as horse-drawn carriages or sedan chairs, rickshaws, and further includes industrial machinery, construction machinery, and agricultural machinery that can be moved by people or animals, such as excavators, cranes, tractors, and combine harvesters.

Alternatively, a seat incorporating the aforementioned composite can also perform well in applications requiring flame retardancy and strength, and is therefore equally preferred. As such a seat, it is more preferable that at least a portion of the surface material of the headrest, seat surface, armrests, footrests, etc., such as the portion directly in contact with the occupant, is the aforementioned composite. Of course, the seat of the present invention can be used not only for vehicles such as automobiles, airplanes, railway vehicles, and ships, but also for homes, offices, and shops. Furthermore, the term "seat" as used in the present invention also includes chairs, benches, sofas, couches, stools, legless seats, etc. [Example]

Next, embodiments are provided to illustrate the invention in more detail, but the invention is not limited to those embodiments.

[Measurement methods and evaluation processing methods] In the measurement of various physical properties, those not specifically recorded are obtained based on the methods described above.

(1) Average single fiber diameter of ultrafine fibers (μm): The average single fiber diameter of ultrafine fibers was measured and calculated using the "VHX-D500/D510" scanning electron microscope manufactured by KEYENCE Corporation and by the method described above.

(2) Pile length (μm): The pile length of artificial leather is measured and calculated using the "VHX-D500/D510" scanning electron microscope manufactured by KEYENCE Corporation.

(3) Thickness (mm): The thickness of the composite was measured and calculated using the "H-1A Scale Thickness Gauge" manufactured by Ozaki Manufacturing Co., Ltd. The thickness of the artificial leather was measured and calculated in the same way as the thickness of the composite.

(4) Mass per unit area (g/ ^m2 ): The mass per unit area of the composite is measured and calculated by the method described above. In addition, the mass per unit area of artificial leather and woven fabric a and the thickness of the composite are measured and calculated in the same way.

(5) Tensile strength (N/5 cm): The tensile strength of the composite was measured and calculated using a tensile testing machine manufactured by Instron (Model: 3343) and the method described above. In addition, the tensile strength of artificial leather and woven fabric a and the thickness of the composite were measured and calculated in the same way.

(6) Weave density (threads/2.54 cm) The weave density of fabric a was determined and calculated by the following method: (i) Five test pieces of 6 cm × 6 cm were randomly collected from fabric a. (ii) The number of warp and weft threads in the 5.08 cm interval was counted. (iii) The number of warp and weft threads in the 5.08 cm interval was divided by 2 to calculate the weave density of each sample. The arithmetic mean (threads/2.54 cm) of the five test pieces was rounded to the nearest whole number to calculate the weave density of fabric a.

(7) Content of modified polyacrylonitrile fibers in fabric a (mass %) The content of modified polyacrylonitrile fibers in fabric a is evaluated by the dissolution method. As a specific method, it is assumed to be as follows: (i) Three test pieces of 10 cm × 10 cm size are randomly collected from fabric a. (ii) The test pieces are immersed in DMF to dissolve the modified polyacrylonitrile fibers and dried at 25°C for 24 hours. The mass ratio of the test pieces before and after dissolution is calculated using the following formula. The arithmetic mean (%) of the three test pieces is rounded to the first decimal place to calculate the content ratio of modified polyacrylonitrile fiber (mass of sample before dissolution (g) - mass of sample after dissolution and drying (g)) / (mass of sample before dissolution (g)) × 100 ··· (formula).

(8) Content of modified polyacrylonitrile fiber in the composite (mass %) The content of modified polyacrylonitrile fiber in the composite is evaluated and determined by the following methods. (i) The weight of modified polyacrylonitrile fiber calculated when evaluating the content of modified polyacrylonitrile fiber in the woven fabric a is multiplied by 100: "sample mass before dissolution (g) - sample mass after dissolution and drying (g)", and the mass per unit area of modified polyacrylonitrile fiber (g/m ² ) is calculated. (ii) The value obtained by dividing the mass per unit area of modified polyacrylonitrile fiber by the mass per unit area of the composite is multiplied by 100 to calculate the content of modified polyacrylonitrile fiber in the composite (mass %).

(9) Opening ratio of the composite (%): Regarding the opening ratio of the composite, an electron microscope (e.g., the "Digital Microscope VHX-1000" manufactured by KEYENCE Co., Ltd.) photograph of the surface of the composite of 20 cm × 20 cm was taken, and the area of the opening was calculated by the "Area of Circle Measurement" function. The ratio relative to the surface of the composite was calculated. This operation was performed on samples of five locations, and the opening ratio was calculated by arithmetic mean.

(10) Flammability of the composite (mm/min): The flammability of the composite is evaluated according to the method described.

(11) Color pattern of the composite: Regarding the color pattern of the composite, place the composite on a urethane foam, drop 3 cc of water on the surface, let it dry naturally, and then observe whether there are any abnormal appearances such as staining on the sample surface. Mark any obvious or conspicuous staining as "yes".

(12) Surface quality of the composite: Regarding the surface quality of the composite, a sensory evaluation was conducted on 20 healthy adult men and 10 healthy adult women. For composites larger than 200 mm square, a five-stage evaluation was performed as follows, and the highest score was taken as the surface quality. In this invention, a good level is "level 3 to 5". Furthermore, this evaluation was not performed on Embodiment 5, which has a surface resin layer. • Level 5: The surface of the composite is smooth to the touch, and fingerprints are visible. • Level 4: An evaluation between level 5 and level 3. • Level 3: The surface of the composite has a sense of frictional resistance, but fingerprints are visible. • Level 2: An evaluation between level 3 and level 1. • Level 1: The surface of the composite has a sense of frictional resistance, and fingerprints are almost invisible.

(13) The feel of the composite: A sensory evaluation was conducted on 20 healthy adult men and 10 healthy adult women. The composite was cut into 300 mm square pieces and evaluated based on the feel when held in the hand as follows, with the highest score being taken as the feel of the composite. Furthermore, in the case of the same score, the higher score was taken as the feel of the composite. In this invention, a good level is "level 3 or 4". • Level 4: Soft and drapey, good feel • Level 3: Slightly soft and drapey, good feel • Level 2: Slightly stiff and poor drapey, poor feel • Level 1: Stiff and no drapey, poor feel

[Artificial Leather] The artificial leather used in the embodiments and comparative examples is manufactured as illustrated in the following manufacturing examples 1-A to 1-D.

[Manufacturing Example 1-A] (Artificial Leather A) (Island-type Composite Fiber) Polystyrene was used as the sea component, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with an intrinsic viscosity (IV value) of 0.72 (referred to as PET in Table 1) was used as the island component to obtain an island-type composite fiber with a composite ratio of 20% by mass of sea component and 80% by mass of island component, a number of islands of 16 islands/1 filament, and an average single fiber diameter of 20 μm.

(Spunbonded Sheet) The obtained island-type composite fibers are cut into 51 mm long segments to form a fiber web, which is then passed through a carding machine and a cross-laying machine to form a fiber web. The fiber web is then needle-punched to produce a spunbonded sheet with a unit area mass of 550 g/ ^m² and a thickness of 2.50 mm.

(PVA-containing sheet) The spun sheet obtained as described above is shrunk using hot water at 96°C. Then, an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a concentration of 5% by mass and a saponification degree of 88% is impregnated in the spun sheet that has undergone the hot water shrinkage treatment. Next, it is compressed using rollers and dried for 10 minutes using hot air at 125°C to allow the PVA to migrate, thereby obtaining a PVA-containing sheet with a PVA content of 45% by mass relative to the sheet mass.

(Ultra-fine fiber sheet) The obtained ultra-fine fiber bundles, forming a PVA-containing sheet, are immersed in trichloroethylene and rolled and compressed using a mangle. This step is repeated ten times. This process dissolves and removes the marine components (de-margination) and compresses the PVA-containing sheet, thereby obtaining the ultra-fine fiber sheet.

(Sheet with polymer elastomer) The ultra-fine fiber sheet obtained as described above is immersed in a DMF solution of polyurethane as the main component, with the solid content adjusted to 12% by mass. The polyurethane resin is then solidified in an aqueous solution of DMF at a concentration of 30% by mass. Finally, it is dried with hot air at 110°C for 10 minutes to obtain a sheet with a thickness of 2.00 mm containing a polymer elastomer.

<Sheet Material> The sheet material with polymer elastomer obtained as described is cut in half along the thickness direction. The surface formed by the cut (half-cut surface) is ground using 240 grit sandpaper to obtain a sheet material with a thickness of 0.60 mm and raised fibers.

(Artificial Leather) A sheet material with pile obtained as described was dyed with black dye at a temperature of 125°C using a liquid dyeing machine, and then dried using a dryer to obtain artificial leather with an average single fiber diameter of 4.4 μm for extremely fine fibers. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Manufacturing Example 1-B] (Artificial Leather B) On the napped surface (surface) of the artificial leather of Manufacturing Example 1-A, a DMF (dimethylformamide) solution of polyurethane with a solid content of 30% was applied by gravure coating and dried to form a surface resin layer of 10 g/ ^m² . Otherwise, the artificial leather was obtained in the same manner as in Manufacturing Example 1-A. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Manufacturing Example 1-C] (Artificial Leather C) The twisted sheet of Manufacturing Example 1-A was set to have a unit area mass of 450 g/ ^m² and a thickness of 2.00 mm. After manufacturing a sheet with a polymer elastomer and a thickness of 1.50 mm, a sheet with piled texture and a thickness of 0.45 mm was then manufactured. Otherwise, artificial leather was obtained in the same manner as in Manufacturing Example 1-A. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Manufacturing Example 1-D] (Artificial Leather D) The twisted sheet of Manufacturing Example 1-A was changed to the following twisted sheet: a sheet with a thickness of 2.30 mm containing a polymer elastomer was manufactured, and then a sheet with a thickness of 0.90 mm and pile was manufactured. Otherwise, artificial leather was obtained in the same manner as in Manufacturing Example 1-A. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Entangled sheet of Production Example 1-D) A fiber web made of polyethylene terephthalate yarn with an inherent viscosity (IV value) of 0.72 is sandwiched between the upper and lower sides. The single fiber diameter of the yarn is 10 μm in both the longitudinal and transverse yarns, the number of twists is 2500 T/m, and the weaving density is 2.54 per cent. A woven fabric (woven fabric b) with a plain weave of 95 x 76 cm ( ¹ inch) (lengthwise

[Table 1][Table 1] Manufacturing Example 1-A (Artificial Leather A) Manufacturing Example 1-B (Artificial Leather B) Manufacturing Example 1-C (Artificial Leather C) Manufacturing Example 1-D (Artificial Leather D) Thermoplastic resin with extremely fine fibers PET PET PET PET Average single fiber diameter of ultrafine fibers [μm] 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 The presence or absence of woven fabric b without without without have Hair length [μm] 340 320 340 380 Thickness [mm] 0.75 0.55 0.70 1.00 Mass per unit area [g/ ^m² ] 230 160 240 350 The presence or absence of a surface resin layer without without have without Tensile strength [N/5 cm] 350 180 360 650

[Fabric a] Regarding the fabric a used in the embodiments and comparative examples, the following examples 2-A to 2-F illustrate the fabric a.

[Manufacturing Example 2-A] (Fabric a-A) The following fabric a is obtained. The results are shown in Table 2.

Warp 1: Spun yarn of modified polyacrylic fiber with a Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) value of 32 (expressed as "MOD" in Table 2). Short fiber fineness: 1.7 dtex. Short fiber fiber length: 38 mm. Spun yarn fineness: 295 dtex. Number of twists: 15 times/2.54 cm.

Warp 2: • Polyethylene terephthalate multifilament (referred to as "PET" in Table 2) • Monofilament fineness of the long fibers: 3.1 dtex • Number of monofilaments in the multifilament (count of long filaments): 96 • Total fineness of the multifilament: 330 dtex

Weft 1: Modified polyacrylic fiber spun yarn (MOD) with LOI value 32. Short fiber fineness: 1.7 dtex. Short fiber fiber length: 38 mm. Spun yarn fineness: 295 dtex. Number of twists: 15 times/2.54 cm.

Weft Yarn 2: • Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) multifilament • Single filament density: 3.1 dtex • Number of single filaments in the multifilament (filament count): 96 • Total multifilament density: 330 dtex Weave: • Plain weave formed by interlacing warp 1 and warp 2 at a density ratio of 100:0 (using only warp 1), and weft 1 and weft 2 at a density ratio of 50:50 • Weave density: Warp direction: Weft direction = 74 threads/2.54 cm : 58 threads/2.54 cm

Other characteristics: • Mass per unit area: 170 g/ ^m² .

[Manufacturing Example 2-B] (Fabric aB) The weave pattern of Manufacturing Example 2-A was changed to the following weave pattern, except that fabric a was obtained in the same manner as Manufacturing Example 2-A. The mass per unit area is 165 g/ ^m² . The results are shown in Table 2. Weave pattern: Plain weave formed by interlacing weft yarn 1 and weft yarn 2 at a density ratio of 80:20.

[Manufacturing Example 2-C] (Fabric aC) The weave pattern of Manufacturing Example 2-A was changed to the following weave pattern, except that fabric a was obtained in the same manner as Manufacturing Example 2-A. The mass per unit area is 173 g/ ^m² . The results are shown in Table 2. Weave pattern: Plain weave formed by interlacing weft yarn 1 and weft yarn 2 at a density ratio of 5:95.

[Manufacturing Example 2-D] (Fabric aD) The weave pattern of Manufacturing Example 2-A was changed to the following weave pattern, except that fabric a was obtained in the same manner as Manufacturing Example 2-A. The mass per unit area is 158 g/ ^m² . The results are shown in Table 2. Weave pattern: Plain weave pattern formed by interlacing weft yarn 1 and weft yarn 2 at a density ratio of 100:0 (using only weft yarn 1).

[Manufacturing Example 2-E] (Fabric aE) The weave pattern of Manufacturing Example 2-A was changed to the following weave pattern, except that fabric a was obtained in the same manner as Manufacturing Example 2-A. The mass per unit area is 176 g/ ^m² . The results are shown in Table 2. Weave pattern: A plain weave fabric formed by interlacing warp yarn 1 and warp yarn 2 at a density ratio of 0:100 (using only warp yarn 2) and weft yarn 1 and weft yarn 2 at a density ratio of 0:100.

[Manufacturing Example 2-F] (Fabric aF) The warp 1 and weft 1 of Manufacturing Example 2-A were changed to the following warp 3 and weft 3, and the fabric a was obtained in the same manner as in Manufacturing Example 2-A. The mass per unit area was 190 g/ ^m² . The results are shown in Table 2. Warp 3: A yarn of meta-polyaramid fiber with a LOI value of 32 (referred to as "MET" in Table 2) Weft 3: A yarn of meta-polyaramid fiber with a LOI value of 32 (MET).

[Table 2][Table 2] Manufacturing Example 2-A (Woven Fabric aA) Manufacturing Example 2-B (Woven Fabric aB) Manufacturing Example 2-C (Woven Fabric aC) Manufacturing Example 2-D (Woven Fabric aD) Manufacturing Example 2-E (Woven Fabric aE) Manufacturing Example 2-F (Woven Fabric aF) warp Warp 1 Types of fibers MOD MOD MOD MOD - MET The fineness of the yarn [dtex] 295 295 295 295 - 295 Warp 2 Kind - - - - PET - The fineness of the yarn [dtex] - - - - 330 - The ratio of the number of basic roots of warp 1 to warp 2 100:0 100:0 100:0 100:0 0:100 100:0 Weft yarn Weft 1 Types of fibers MOD MOD MOD MOD - MET The fineness of the yarn [dtex] 295 295 295 295 - 295 Weft 2 Kind PET PET PET - PET PET The fineness of the yarn [dtex] 330 330 330 - 330 330 The ratio of the number of weft yarns 1 to 2 50:50 80:20 5:95 100:0 0:100 50:50 woven fabric a Warp density [threads/2.54 cm] 74 74 74 74 74 74 Weave density in the weft direction [threads/2.54 cm] 58 58 58 58 58 58 The percentage of modified polyacrylonitrile fibers in fabric a [mass %] 76 90 56 100 0 0 The percentage of polyester fibers in fabric a [mass %] twenty four 10 44 0 100 28 Mass per unit area [g/ ^m² ] 170 165 173 158 176 190 Tensile strength [N/5 cm] 600 540 650 470 720 710

[Example 1] Artificial leather A is used as the artificial leather, and fabric aA is used as the fabric a. A moisture-curing reactive urethane adhesive with a melt viscosity of 2000 mPa·s at 125°C is used as the adhesive resin. On the side (back side) of the artificial leather A opposite to the napped side, the adhesive resin is dispersed in the pattern illustrated in Figure 2 (dots, adhesive resin mass per unit area: 10 g/ ^m² , center-to-center distance between dots is 1.2 mm) using a gravure roller coating machine. Then, the laminated fabric aA is held by a pair of calendering rollers with the roller surface temperature set to 90°C. Then, the composite was obtained by curing it for 24 hours at an ambient temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 50%. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 2] The fabric a-A is changed to fabric a-B, and otherwise the composite is obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 3] Artificial leather A was changed to artificial leather B, and otherwise the composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 4] The fabric a-A was changed to fabric a-C, and otherwise the composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 5] Artificial leather A was changed to artificial leather C, and otherwise the composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 6] Artificial leather A was changed to artificial leather D, and woven fabric a was changed to woven fabric a-D. Otherwise, the composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Example 7] Artificial leather A was changed to artificial leather D. In the obtained composite, an opening was formed by a perforated plate with embedded needles (needle diameter: 1.4 mm, longitudinal spacing: 5 mm, transverse spacing: 5 mm, opening rate: 12%), thus creating a composite with an opening. Otherwise, the composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Table 3][Table 3] Implementation Example 1 Implementation Example 2 Implementation Example 3 Implementation Example 4 Implementation Example 5 Implementation Example 6 Implementation Example 7 artificial leather A A B A C D D woven fabric a aA aB aB aC aA aD aA Next, the state of the resin dot dot dot dot dot dot dot Next, the resin's mass per unit area [g/ ^m² ] 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Flame retardant application without without without without without without without Flame retardant dosage [g/ ^m² ] - - - - - - - The percentage of modified polyacrylonitrile fiber in the composite [mass %] 32 37 44 twenty three 31 31 twenty four Mass per unit area of the composite [g/ ^m² ] 410 405 335 413 420 518 466 Opening ratio of the composite [%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 Tensile strength of the composite [N/5 cm] 790 770 690 845 800 970 440 Flammability [mm/min] Self-extinguishing Non-flammable Non-flammable Non-flammable Self-extinguishing Non-flammable Self-extinguishing The presence or absence of colored flowers without without without without without without without Surface quality [Grade] 5 5 5 5 - 5 5 Feel [Level] 4 4 4 4 4 3 4

[Comparative Example 1] Fabric aA was changed to fabric aE, and the resulting composite was impregnated in an aqueous solution of guanidine phosphate with an adhesion amount of 15 g/ ^m² as the flame retardant. After being extruded by a rolling mill, it was dried by a dryer. Otherwise, the composite impregnated with the flame retardant was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 4.

[Comparative Example 2] On the aE side of the composite fabric, a flame retardant coating containing 70% by weight of silicon oxide resin-treated ammonium polyphosphate (manufactured by Wellchem, 28% phosphorus content, 14% nitrogen content) was applied using a screen coating machine. Then, it was dried at 100°C for 7 minutes, setting the dry adhesion of the flame retardant-containing resin to 70 g/ ^m² . Otherwise, a composite with the flame retardant-containing resin coated on the back was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Table 4.

[Comparative Example 3] A non-layered woven fabric aD was used, and on the woven fabric a side of the composite, a flame retardant coating containing 70% by weight of silicon oxide-treated ammonium polyphosphate (manufactured by Wellchem, 28% phosphorus content, 14% nitrogen content) was applied using a screen coating machine. Then, it was dried at 100°C for 7 minutes, setting the dry adhesion of the flame retardant-containing resin to 70 g/ ^m² . Otherwise, a composite with the flame retardant coated on the back side was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6. The results are shown in Table 4.

[Comparative Example 4] The fabric a-D was changed to fabric a-F, and otherwise the composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6. The results are shown in Table 4.

[Comparative Example 5] Fabric aD was changed to fabric aA, and in the step of forming the composite, moisture-curing polyurethane resin was applied to the entire surface using a roller coater at a coating amount of 25 g/ ^m² . Otherwise, the composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6. The results are shown in Table 4.

[Table 4][Table 4] Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2 Comparative example 3 Comparative example 4 Comparative example 5 artificial leather A A D D D woven fabric a aE aE without aF aA Next, the state of the resin dot dot without dot The whole face Next, the resin's mass per unit area [g/ ^m² ] 10 10 0 10 25 Flame retardant application Immersion endowed Back coating Back coating without without Flame retardant dosage [g/ ^m² ] 15 70 70 - - The percentage of modified polyacrylonitrile fiber in the composite [mass %] 0 0 0 0 twenty four Mass per unit area of the composite [g/ ^m² ] 431 486 420 540 545 Opening ratio of the composite [%) 0 0 0 0 0 Tensile strength of the composite [N/5 cm] 830 845 670 1070 1120 Flammability of the composite [mm/min] Non-flammable Non-flammable Non-flammable 95 Non-flammable The presence or absence of color patterns in the composite have without without without without Surface quality of the composite [Grade] 2 5 5 5 5 The feel of the composite material is [Grade]. 4 2 2 3 2

The composites obtained in Examples 1 to 7 are all free of color variations and, in addition to having good surface quality or feel, also have good strength or flame retardant properties.

On the other hand, the composite of Comparative Example 1 had colored spots and poor surface quality. In addition, the composites of Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 5 all had poor hand feel. The composite of Comparative Example 4 had poor flame retardant properties.

1: Composite 2: Pocket pile 3: Boundary line between the pocket pile and other parts (line connecting the intersection of fibers aligned in the thickness direction and fibers aligned in the surface direction of the artificial leather) 4: Arrow indicating the distance from the intersection of fibers aligned in the thickness direction and fibers aligned in the surface direction of the artificial leather to the tip of the pocket pile 5: Artificial leather 6: Woven fabric 7: Resin

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the method for measuring and calculating the pile length of the composite artificial leather of the present invention. Figure 2 is a three-dimensional conceptual diagram illustrating one embodiment of the adhesive resin of the composite of the present invention (in a dotted arrangement). Figure 3 is a three-dimensional conceptual diagram illustrating one embodiment of the adhesive resin of the composite of the present invention (in a lattice-like arrangement). Figure 4 is a three-dimensional conceptual diagram illustrating one embodiment of the adhesive resin of the composite of the present invention (in a striped arrangement). Figure 5 is a three-dimensional conceptual diagram illustrating one embodiment of the adhesive resin of the composite of the present invention (in a random mesh-like arrangement). Figure 6 is a three-dimensional conceptual diagram illustrating the morphology of the adhesive resin in a composite not of the present invention (in a state where the adhesive resin is present on the entire surface). Figure 7 is a three-dimensional conceptual diagram illustrating the morphology of the adhesive resin in a composite not of the present invention (in a state where it is only disposed at the end of the woven fabric a). Figure 8 is a three-dimensional conceptual diagram illustrating the morphology of the adhesive resin in a composite not of the present invention (in a state where it is only partially disposed on a portion of the woven fabric a).

1: Complex

2: The part with erect hairs

3: The boundary line between the raised nap and the rest of the material (the line connecting the intersections of fibers aligned along the thickness direction and fibers aligned along the surface direction of the artificial leather)

4: Arrow indicating the distance from the intersection of the fibers aligned along the thickness direction and the fibers aligned along the surface direction of the artificial leather to the tip of the pile.

Claims (7)

A composite comprising adjacently laminated artificial leather and woven fabric a, wherein the artificial leather comprises: a fiber structure comprising a substrate composed of extremely fine fibers as a constituent element; and a polymeric elastomer, the woven fabric a comprising modified polyacrylonitrile fibers, and bonded resins are discretely present between the layers of the artificial leather and the woven fabric a. The composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyester fiber content in the woven fabric a is 5% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. The composite as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the modified polyacrylonitrile fiber in the composite contains 20% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. The composite as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the fibrous structure further comprises a woven fabric b. An interior material for a vehicle, comprising the composite as described in claim 1 or 2. A component for a vehicle, comprising the composite as described in claim 1 or 2. A seat comprising the composite as described in claim 1 or 2.