TW296448B - Active matrix liquid display device and driving method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

An active matrix liquid display device comprises of the features: (1) first substrate with many scan electrodes, many signal electrodes intersecting with many scan electrodes, converting device installed on intersection of many scan electrodes and many signal electrodes, pixel electrode connected to converting device and base electrode opposed to pixel electrode; (2) liquid combination inserted between first substrate and second substrate; (3) scan electrode driving circuit applying scan signal with non-optional voltage with more than 2 values to many scan electrodes; (4) signal electrode driving circuit supplying image signal to each signal electrode, applying voltage to between pixel electrode and base electrode to supply electric field to liquid combination so as to conduct display.

Description

Employees of the Central Sample Agency of the Ministry of Economic Affairs cooperated with Du Yindun A7 B7 5. Description of the invention (1) The present invention relates to an active matrix liquid crystal display device with excellent display characteristics and mass productivity and its driving method. At present, the active matrix type (thin film transistor type) liquid crystal display device is used in many applications, and it is hoped that it can be more stepped (full color). In the display method of the liquid crystal display device, there is a so-called magnetic field in which the flat display electrodes are formed on the opposite surfaces of the two substrates of the time, the liquid crystal is filled in between, and the electric field in the vertical direction is applied to the surface of the substrate. The twisted filament display method (called longitudinal electric field method) has been practically applied in industry. Another new method is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6 3-2 1 097. A pair of electrodes that apply an electric field to the liquid crystal are formed on the same substrate, and a direction parallel to the surface of the substrate is applied to the liquid crystal layer. The display method of electric field operation (transverse electric field method). In the thin film transistor type liquid crystal display device, in order to perform multi-level display, the image signal is supplied to the drive circuit of the signal electrode, that is, the voltage output from the signal-side driver IC must have a multi-value output corresponding to the number of steps Level. For example, when performing 16-level display, the signal-side drive IC must be able to supply 16 X 2 (because the liquid crystal must be driven by AC, so each level requires a dual value for the positive and negative electrodes) = 32 output voltage. In order to provide sufficient current for each output, the output stage has an operational amplifier. In this example, 32 operational amplifiers are required. The lower the withstand voltage of the operational amplifier of the output stage, the lower its shape, so the shape of the driving IC on the signal side can be reduced. Since the shape of the signal-side driver IC is reduced, the mass-production of the signal-side driver IC is better, and the shape of the outer frame of the display device can be reduced. However, in order to achieve this standard, the Chinese National Standards (CNS) A4 specification (21〇X297mm) TL binding is used ----- know (please read the precautions on the back and fill in this page) Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Standard Rate Bureau employee consumption cooperation? T printed A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2) For this purpose, the maximum voltage of the output voltage on the signal side must be reduced. In the above vertical electric field method, a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer by a pair of flat transparent electrodes, and in the horizontal electric field method, a voltage is applied to a linear opaque electrode formed on the same substrate surface, so the aperture ratio is inevitable Become smaller. Therefore, the distance between the two electrodes cannot be too small, and the distance between the two electrodes becomes larger compared with the longitudinal electric field method, so that the electric field in the transverse electric field method becomes smaller. Therefore, in order to generate the same electric field strength, the voltage applied between the former must be greater than the latter. The object of the present invention is to provide an active matrix liquid crystal display device which can be driven by a transverse electric field method using a driving voltage of a very low signal side driving circuit, and a driving method thereof, and to provide a stain-free, picture quality Active matrix liquid crystal display device with good transverse electric field method and driving method thereof. In order to achieve the above object, the gist of the present invention is as follows: (1) A liquid crystal composition is inserted between a first and a second substrate on a first substrate, and a plurality of pixel portions are formed by a plurality of scan electrodes and signal electrodes arranged in a matrix, An active matrix liquid crystal display device with a conversion transistor element formed in the pixel portion is characterized in that the pixel electrode and the reference electrode connected to the conversion transistor element are applied to the electric field flat on the substrate surface. The voltage between the electrodes will be The long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal composition layer is kept parallel to the substrate surface to make it operate, and has an element structure in which the liquid crystal composition is oriented and the polarizing device forms a bright state and a dark state. 2 The drive device of the scan signal of the non-selected voltage above the value is scarce. This paper wave scale is applicable to China National Standard Falcon (CNS) A4 format (210X297mm) (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) i 装 _

* 1T Duo Printing Equipment Co-operation Consumption Cooperative Work, Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (3) (2) The reference electrode is a common electrode provided outside the scan electrode, signal electrode, and pixel electrode. (3) The reference electrode is a part of the scan electrode adjacent to the pixel portion. 0 (4) The threshold VTH of the conversion transistor element and the maximum voltage V〇N between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode forming the bright or dark state The relationship can satisfy the following formula: V Τ Η> | V Ο Ν | (5) The threshold voltage ν Τ of the conversion transistor element and the maximum voltage V Ο Ν between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode forming the bright or dark state are formed The relationship between the minimum voltage V FF2 between the pixel electrode in the bright state or the dark state and the reference electrode can satisfy the following formula

Vth> (IV 〇N | One | VOFFI) / 2 (6) Each row of the conversion transistor element has p-type, n-type characteristics Ο (7) The conversion transistor element is formed with more than two on one pixel. The source electrode or the sink electrode of a thin film transistor element is connected to the signal electrode. The source electrode or the sink electrode of at least one thin film transistor element is connected to the subsequent scan electrode. (8) The conversion transistor element is formed with more than two Taicheng waves on a single pixel. The applicable S ® family standard (CNS) (21GX 297 public curtain) " (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page ) Outfit, ιτ

• J-A Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Standards Bureau employee consumer cooperation du printed A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4), the source electrode or the sink electrode of at least one thin film transistor element is connected to the signal electrode, the source of at least one thin film transistor element The electrode or the sink is connected to the subsequent scan electrode via the capacity element. (9) Set the liquid crystal composition, rubbing direction, arrangement of polarizing plates, the distance between the substrates, and the distance between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode, so that the difference between the voltage in the bright state and the voltage in the dark state becomes 5 V or more 0 (1 0) A driving method that outputs the non-selected voltage of the scan signal by 2 or more. _ (11) Change the non-selected voltage of the scan signal applied to the scan electrode. The voltage of the pixel electrode is mainly changed by the capacity between the scan electrode and the pixel electrode. (12) The non-selected voltage of the scan signal applied to the scan electrodes changes with the same amplitude, the same period, and the same phase in all rows. (13) Apply a non-selected voltage with 2 values alternately every frame on the scan electrode, which is held at a certain potential during the non-selected period, and output to the signal electrode to communicate between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode of each row Image signals with different voltage polarities. (14) Set the potential difference of 2 non-selective dusts to be equal to the maximum electrical IEV between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode that form a bright state or a dark state. N, the sum of the minimum voltage V 〇 F F between the pixel electrode forming the bright state or the dark state and the reference electrode. (15) Set the potential difference of the 2 non-selective voltages to be equal to the maximum clothing size between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode forming a bright state or a dark state ® g home standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 ^ 7- ------- | _install ----: --- one order ----- 1-line (please 4? Read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page) A7 20G448 __B7 5. Description of the invention ( 5) The voltage V 〇N is 1/2 of the sum of the minimum voltage V 〇FF between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode forming the bright state or the dark state. (16) Applied to the scan electrode having a p-type conversion transistor element The center voltage of the non-selected voltage of the scan signal is higher than the center voltage of the non-selected voltage of the scan signal applied to the scan electrode with the n-type conversion transistor element, and the potential difference exceeds the pixel electrode and the reference forming the bright or dark state The maximum voltage V ΰΝ between the electrodes. (1 7) The reference voltage is supplied from the scan electrode. (1 8) The reference voltage supplied from the scan electrode changes with the polarity of the image signal voltage. The following effect of the present invention is because the transverse electric field is used Way as a change in The non-selection voltage (opening voltage) of the scan signal supplied to the scan electrode during the non-selection period is generated by the driving method in which the capacity of the pixel electrode and the scan electrode combine to change the voltage of the pixel electrode, and was discovered by the inventor of the present invention. 1st effect) The capacitance C LC between the pixel electrode and the common electrode of the horizontal electric field method is smaller than that of the vertical electric field method. The reason is that the vertical electric current method consists of the parallel flat plate capacitance formed by the pixel electrode and the common electrode. Therefore, In the horizontal electric field method, the capacitance C s between the pixel electrode and the scan electrode is relatively larger than the capacitance Cu between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. As a result, a sufficient bias voltage can be applied to the pixel electrode according to the voltage change of the scan electrode . Therefore, the capacitance component cs formed between the pixel electrode and the scanning electrode can be reduced to 1 pixel. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (please read the back of the first (Notes and then fill out this page)-installed · Ding, \ = ° Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A 7 B7 Member of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the consumer cooperative «. V. Description of the invention (6) The ratio of the fields stored in it can increase the aperture ratio. (Second role) Because the capacitance C Lc between the pixel electrode and the common electrode is small, the load power of the scan electrode The capacity is also reduced. Therefore, the driving method of applying the modulation voltage to the scan electrode has a small loss of modulation waveform, which is very advantageous. Therefore, the loss of the waveform of the non-selected voltage of the scan signal can be reduced due to the change of the portrait Therefore, a uniform modulation voltage can be applied to suppress the occurrence of crosstalk (horizontal stains drawn in the horizontal direction). (3rd effect) The adjacent scanning electrode can be used as the reference electrode in the transverse electric field method. Therefore, the area of the common electrode can be used as the opening, and the opening can be increased. In addition, the number of crossing points of the wiring electrode is reduced, which can reduce the short circuit of the electrode. In order to drive the liquid crystal by AC, the image signal is charged from the signal electrode to the reference electrode, so that the voltage waveform charged to the pixel electrode becomes an AC waveform. However, amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (a — A i TFT), poly-silicon thin-film transistors (P — S i TFT), etc., which are representative active elements of active matrix liquid crystal display devices, have an sink current at the scanning voltage The characteristic that starts to flow when it is around 0 V, that is, the threshold value voltage V τ H is around 0V. Therefore, when the non-selected voltage (offset level) of the scan voltage is used as the reference electrode, the above transistor element cannot maintain the negative voltage even if it is charged to the reference voltage. The reason is that the open level of the scanning voltage is higher than the level of the pixel electrode, so the threshold voltage V Τ Π (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

L The binding paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 0X297mm). The A7 B7 is printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standard Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (7) Transistor elements around 0V In the open state, the pixel electrode electrical value leakage becomes the open level of the scanning voltage. Therefore, to drive the liquid crystal with AC, a reference electrode must be additionally provided, and the reference voltage should be set to a high level that is higher than the cutoff level of the gate voltage. However, using a transistor with a high threshold voltage and using the scan electrode as the reference electrode, and using the offset of the scan voltage as the reference voltage, it can still charge and maintain a negative voltage and can be driven by AC. The present invention is characterized in that the threshold voltage V TH of the transistor exceeds 1/2 of the difference between the maximum voltage Von applied to the liquid crystal or the maximum voltage VON and the minimum voltage VOFF. Therefore, even if negative electricity is applied to the liquid crystal, the pixel electrode potential does not leak, sufficient holding operation and AC drive can be performed, and the voltage can be reduced. Also, because the transistor elements are formed to have p-type and n-type characteristics for each row, the center voltage of the non-selected voltage applied to the scan signal of the scan electrode having the p-type conversion transistor element is set to be more than that applied to the n-type conversion The center voltage of the non-selected voltage of the scan signal of the scan electrode of the transistor element is higher, and the potential difference exceeds the maximum voltage V 〇Ν between the pixel electrode forming the bright state or the dark state and the reference electrode, thereby, even if the threshold voltage is limited When V Τ is near 0V or 0 V, the liquid crystal can still be driven by alternating current, and the voltage can be reduced. In addition, two thin film transistor elements are formed on one pixel, the image signal voltage is supplied by the thin film transistor element of the square, and the reference voltage is supplied from the subsequent scan electrode by the thin film transistor element of the other side, and the liquid crystal can be exchanged drive. In addition, change the polarity of the image signal voltage and the reference voltage to lower the voltage. The surface wave scale is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) A4g (210X297mm) 10 (please read the notes on the back of the page and fill out this page)-installed ·. 丨 Negative labor consumption of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs including social printing System A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (8) The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail. [Embodiment 1] FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional structure of one pixel of the liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal panel is composed of an upper substrate, a lower substrate, and a liquid crystal layer filling the gap between the two. A voltage is applied between the pixel electrode 3 and the common electrode 4 formed on the lower substrate to control the electric field formed between the two electrodes, and the orientation state of the liquid crystal is controlled to change the transmittance of the backlight passing through the panel. When viewed from the opposite side of the backlight of the liquid crystal panel, a bright state, a dark state, or an intermediate state can be observed by controlling the voltage applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. The pixel electrode and the common electrode extend linearly in a direction perpendicular to the first drawing plane, and the distance between them is 15 m. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 4 mm, which is smaller than the distance between the pixel electrode and the common electrode of 15 μm, so the direction of the electric field 1 〇1 (electric power line) formed in the liquid crystal layer is generally toward the lateral direction of FIG. 1 (The first picture is an enlarged view toward the thickness direction of the display panel compared with the actual device.) The third picture 1 is the applied voltage between the pixel electrode 3 and the common electrode 4 ---------- I ^ ------ tT ------- il-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) ί and will not be different.} Yes. (5 reverse picture C > picture electricity The resulting formula {C's biological hair model. Ί when the child is born and the pressure between the composition of the state} When the crystal is crystallized, a is added to the liquid and applied to the inspection to make it conservative. For the very reason, it. To the graph} electricity, when the sub-horizontal d is divided at the same time < the eutectic intercrystalline plate and the liquid phase view of the phase} the crystal side of the polar b electric field field under the liquid crystal voltage from or 。The liquid and electricity are added to the square graph on the nature plus} b from the time applied to the uncompressed pressure field Erh / iHnA ΙππΠ ΙβπΑ twnA \ J / driving imr,} d When a ί Shi no, This paper wave scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (2I0X 297mm) -11-The Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Bureau of Standards and Labor Duty Printing and Printing Cooperative A7 _______ B7_ V. Description of invention (9) and toward the electric field Change its direction. As shown in Figures 1 and 31, a polarizing plate 8 is formed above and below the liquid crystal panel. Due to the interaction between the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal composition and the polarizing plate, the light passing through the liquid crystal panel is transmitted Therefore, the display brightness changes. Figure 3 2 shows the angle 0lc formed by the long axis (optical axis) direction 1 0 2 of the liquid crystal molecules near the interface with the electric field direction 1 0 1 and the polarization transmission axis of the polarizer 1 The definition of the angle 4P formed by Q 3. The polarizer and the liquid crystal interface are respectively provided with a pair at the top and bottom, so it is expressed as 4 Ρτ, 0P2, 0LC1, 0LC2 «if necessary. When the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecule 5 is not applied with an electric field, With the pixel electrode 3, the longitudinal direction of the common electrode 4 (the front view of the third 1 (C)) becomes a slight angle, that is, 4 5 degrees S Φ c 丨 < 90 degrees. In the 3 1, 3 2 figure, with The arrow indicates the orientation of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules on the interface Wipe) direction 1 0 3. The orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the upper and lower interfaces is preferably parallel, that is, 0 LC i = must LC 2 (= 必 LC). The dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal composition is assumed to be positive. Figure 3 3 shows the characteristics of the relationship between the voltage V ^ c and the brightness applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode, which is the so-called photoelectric characteristics. The brightness of the vertical axis sets the maximum value of the brightness to 1 Q Q%, which is expressed by its relative value. When the applied voltage is gradually increased, the brightness may suddenly increase from the voltage V 〇 F F. Before reaching the voltage V 〇 n, the brightness becomes monotonously increasing to the applied voltage. As shown in FIG. 1, a color wave reducer 1 1 for color display is formed on the upper substrate to block the uncontrolled area of light passing through the peripheral portion of the pixel (the light transmission cannot be controlled by the voltage applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode Rate ^ Paper scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNSM4iUL grid (210X297mm) -12-(please read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page) 丨 Installation,-» Printing 5. The orientation of the flat surface molecules on the surface of the substrate of the invention description (in the field) is formed by various power distribution crystals described below (T is a transparent film transistor that has been polished by transparent glass, the orientation film 6 is Crystal 5 orientation. The friction. The shape of the field direction. On each substrate 4.5, folded, 2 0 〇C) object sphere dispersion " m. Therefore [the 8 side of the East Electrician polarizer is set with 10) light and Improving the smoothing of the slide to form a line toward a clear glass and a plastic substrate, and applying FT) etc. In the case of glass or plastic, the substrate and the glass substrate use polyimide on the other side to form an angle at the interface of the other side to hold the filamentous liquid crystal with anisotropic dielectric emissivity between the substrates and AV · D is the company's G 1 light transmission axis is set to 0 ° (that is, its orthogonal and contrasting film 1 2 directional glue and other electrodes are added to the image and the upper side to form a 7 series. The amine is formed on each surface On the substrate, rub the 8-degree light shielding film on the substrate, and the unorientated and common electrode substrate phase substrate 7 with the thickness of the substrate. Orient the upper surface and apply the control film 6 when a voltage is applied to each other (black matrix). 7. If the voltage of the electrodes is the same, the structure of the substrate film is 1. 1mm on each side 6. In this embodiment, the polyimide is rubbed and parallel, and 2 3, the control liquid crystal is formed again. After the replacement of the thin film is formed, the surface is formed on the thin layer of the principle of the embodiment to make the liquid the same as the application of electricity. Please read the details of the winter and then install the page.

U set (0LC1 = 8 8.) The coefficient anisotropy △ ε is positive, its value is Α? 7 is 0.072 (589nm composition. The gap d is the polymerization of the spherical type in the seal \ liquid crystal Maintain 3. 9 0 2 8 1 " m. Hold the panel with two polarizing plates 22QDU], set one of them to form a slight angle with the rubbing direction, also = 8 3), and the other state. The wooden paper wave scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 present grid (210Χ297mm) -Π-ΜBJC Central Standards Bureau employee consumption cooperation Duyin A7 __ B7 V. Invention description (11) The production will be imposed In the pixel of the present invention, the voltage Vlc (the voltage between the pixel electrode 3 and the common electrode 4) gradually increases from 0 to minimize the brightness (Figure 33). In this embodiment, a low voltage (Vff) is used as a dark state, and a high voltage (V.n) is used as a normal closing characteristic in a bright state. Voff is 6.9V, V〇N is 9. IV. Although the normal closing method is adopted in this embodiment, it may be the normal opening method. As the liquid crystal, liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy can also be used. Fig. 2 is a plan view of various electrodes, wiring, and TFTs formed on the liquid crystal layer side of the lower substrate. 1 is a scanning electrode (gate electrode), which extends in the lateral direction in the figure and becomes a plurality of scanning electrodes parallel to each other. 2 is a signal electrode (sink), which extends in the longitudinal direction of the figure and crosses the scan electrodes, and many scan electrodes become parallel to each other. A plurality of groups of signal electrodes composed of two signal electrodes arranged close to each other are formed. A common electrode 4 is formed between the group of signal electrodes and the group of adjacent signal electrodes. Each common electrode 4 is composed of a portion that extends into the backbone in the up-and-down direction in the figure, and a branch portion that extends from the backbone toward left and right. As shown in the figure, the area surrounded by the signal electrode e, its adjacent common electrode 4, and the scan electrode 1 adjacent to the two electrodes is one pixel. In each pixel, T F T 1 5 ° 3 is formed as a pixel electrode (source) on the scan electrode, and extends from each T F T into an inverted U-shape. One part of the pixel electrode overlaps with the adjacent scan electrode, and the auxiliary capacitance element 16 is formed on the part. In this embodiment, the pixel pitch is 1 1 0 " m in the direction of the scanning electrode and 3 3 0 " m in the direction of the signal electrode. The width of the electrode is applicable to the national standard of China (CNS) A4 (210X 297mm) in the span of many paperless scales ~-14-'--------- i ---- ^ --- 1.-IT ----- 1 ^ 1 (please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) A 7 B7 i, invention description (12) formed by pixels printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Prototype Bureau of the Ministry of Economy and Economy The scanning electrode 1, the signal electrode 2, and the common electrode 4 are 1 Ο " m to prevent line defects due to wire breakage. On the one hand, in order to increase the aperture ratio, the widths of the pixel electrodes 3 formed in each pixel area and the branch portions extending from the backbone of the common electrode 4 are formed to be slightly smaller, and set to 6 a / m, respectively. In addition, two pixels in the horizontal direction are formed as a common electrode, and the number of common electrode wiring is halved. Therefore, the aperture ratio can be enlarged, and the probability of short circuit (depending on the electrode crossing area) of the intersection of the common electrode 4 and the scan electrode 1 is also reduced. In this embodiment, the number of signal electrodes is set to 6 4 0X3, the number of scanning electrodes is 4 8 0, and the number of common electrodes is 9 6 0. At this time, the number of pixels becomes 10 million °. FIG. 3 is a diagram in which the part of one pixel in FIG. 2 is further enlarged. Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A-in Figure 3. Figures 4 and 5 are the cross-sectional views along line B-B-, C-C / in Figure 3, respectively. As shown in FIG. 4, the TFT has an anti-crossing structure. A gate green film (for example, silicon nitride) is formed on the scan electrode 1, an amorphous silicon layer 2 2 is formed thereon, and then contacts the amorphous silicon layer Set the source 2 and source 3. The absorber and source of T F T are composed of signal electrode and pixel electrode, respectively. Between the sink, the source and the amorphous silicon layer 22 is formed as an ohmic contact layer η + type amorphous broken layer (not shown) ° In this embodiment 'with the same metal material (eg A j? ) Form a signal electrode 'pixel electrode 3, and a common electrode 4. As shown in FIG. 5, the auxiliary electrode 9 is sandwiched between the scan electrode 13 and the pixel electrode 3 to form the auxiliary capacitance element 16. The area of the auxiliary capacitance component in this embodiment is much smaller than that of the conventional longitudinal electric field method. The standard of this paper wave is the general Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) -15 _ —HI— ^^^ ^ 1 Hi 1 11 L tln (f (read t read the notes on the back and then fill in this page) Threading v C 4 4 8 A7 __—_ B7_ V. Description of the invention (I3) The capacitance value is Cs 2 2 Ο Ο ί F. In this embodiment, the auxiliary capacitance element is formed by the scanning electrode and the pixel electrode in the front row. However, it can also be composed of the scanning electrode and the pixel electrode in the back row. In addition, two pixels adjacent in the horizontal direction are used as the backbone of the electrode Part, but it can also be provided with a common electrode for each pixel, which will not affect the effect of the present invention. The circuit structure and driving waveform will be described below. FIG. 6 shows the circuit structure of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention. 2 1 is the display field, in A number of scanning electrodes 1 are formed in the horizontal direction, which is printed on the employee consumer cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page.) There are many signal electrodes 2 and common electrodes. scanning A TFT is formed at each intersection of the electrode and the signal electrode. The gate G of the TFT is connected to the scan electrode, and the sink D is connected to the signal electrode. A liquid crystal capacitance CL c is formed between the source S of the TFT and the common electrode 4, A supplementary capacitance C s is formed between the source electrode S and the preceding scanning electrode. The pixel electrode 3, the common electrode 4 and the liquid crystal layer shown in FIG. 1 form a capacitance CL c. The supplementary capacitance C s is used for scanning When the scanning signal voltage of the electrode 1 shifts from the selection voltage to the non-selection voltage, the capacitance necessary to suppress the field crossing voltage mixed with the voltage of the gate electrode-source capacitance C cs of the pixel electrode 3 through the TFT. cs needs a sufficiently large capacity (for example, 10 times). In Figure 6, 18 is the scan electrode drive circuit, which controls the scan voltage and the modulation voltage described later of the TFT conduction and non-conduction state from the top to the bottom of the figure Sequentially applied to each scanning electrode (line sequential scanning) ° 1 9 is a signal electrode driving circuit. Supplying each signal electrode needs to display the image signal: After applying the TFT on voltage to the scanning electrode, it is connected to the wooden paper ruler A Use China National #CNS (CNS) A4 said grid (210X 297 mm) -16-A7 B7 5. Description of the invention (l4) The TFT of the scanning electrode is turned on, and the image signal supplied to the signal electrode is applied to the liquid crystal via the TFT The pixel electrode of capacitance C α. 17 is a control circuit that controls the operation of the scan electrode drive circuit 18 and the signal electrode drive circuit 19, and 2Q is a common electrode drive circuit that supplies a voltage to the common electrode. The present invention is characterized by, As the scan electrode driving circuit 18, a driver LSI capable of outputting 3 or more values is used, or the voltage value output from the scan electrode driving circuit 18 is 3 or more.

The signal electrode driving circuit 14 is a circuit that can apply a voltage waveform including portrait information to the signal electrode 2. The maximum amplitude VDPP of the signal voltage waveform (VDH—VDL in Figure 7) is AV (Figure 3 3: AV = V ON — V OFF). In this embodiment, a certain voltage is applied to the common electrode. Figure 7 shows the driving waveform output by the driving circuit of this embodiment. The 7th (a) is the scanning signal waveform V〇 (i — 1) applied to the i1th scanning electrode by the scanning electrode driving circuit 18, and the 7th (b) is

5L printed by the Cooperative Society of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Industry Cooperative Society. The scan signal waveform Vc (i) applied to the i-th scan electrode by the scan electrode drive circuit 18. The figure 7 (c) is applied by the electrode drive circuit 1 9 The signal voltage waveform VD at the jth signal electrode (^, Figure 7 (d) is the voltage waveform Vc applied to the common electrode. Figure 7 (e) is the application of the above voltage to the scan electrode, signal electrode, and common When the electrode is applied, the voltage V s is applied to the pixel electrode 3 of the pixel formed at the intersection of the i-th scan electrode and the j-th signal electrode. The signal waveform with image information is applied to the signal electrode 2, and the scan signal waveform and the image Signal wave formation 17 --- I-. II---I -in HI .- taxi ^ ------ I (please read the notes on the back and fill in this page)芈 芈 (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297mm) マ テ ィ ン デ ウ ン グ ビ ン デ ウ テ ウ テ ィ デ ウ ン グ テ ィ テ ィ ン グ A 7 B7 V. Description of the invention (15) It is applied to the scan electrode 1 synchronously. The image signal voltage is from The signal electrode 2 is transmitted to the pixel electrode 3 via the TFT 15 and the common electrode A voltage is applied to the liquid crystal portion at this time. At this time, the non-selected voltage (open voltage) of the scan signal waveform V c supplied to the scan electrode i is modulated, and when the TFT 15 becomes the open state, the pixel electrode 3 is changed by the capacitance combination Voltage, the bias voltages VB (+) and v B (_) are applied to the voltage of the pixel electrode 4. Here, VB (+) represents the bias voltage in the even frame (positive frame), and VB (—) represents the odd frame (Negative frame) bias. In this way, the voltage value of the voltage V s of the common electrode 4 minus the voltage V s of the pixel electrode 3, that is, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal V = V s-V c is significantly high The voltage Vb (+) and VB (-) of the bias voltage applied to the pixel electrode 3 are not adjusted when the cut-off voltage (a certain potential) of the waveform Vc supplied to the scan electrode is adjusted. The amount of change of the non-selected voltage of the scanning signal waveform V g (丨 -1) △ VGL (△ v GL (+) = Vgl-Vgll or △ VglC —) = Vc: Lh-Vgl becomes the following relationship:

Vb: (Cs / Ct) △ Vgl ... (number 1) Here, Cs represents the capacitance of the auxiliary capacitance element 16 and CT represents the total capacitance value when viewed from the pixel electrode 3 ( cs + c LC + C 〇s + C DS). Therefore, when the bias amplitude V n is set to be normally closed, it becomes

Vb = V〇ff + AV / 2 ... (number 2) The wooden paper wave scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 present grid (210X297 mm) -18-..... 1 * 1 ^ itt n ^ n ml ^ 1 f ^ i (please read the notes on the back and fill in this page), γ5 line A7 B7 5. Invention description (I6) becomes VV ΟΝ + ΔΥ when normally open ... .. (Number 3) The% of the employees of the Central Prototype Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the total printing is in the shape of △ V / dark-like large amplitude)-, ° (the pixel board that becomes the dark voltage, the total is about 1 / In formula 1, CGS) number 1) add enough book 2 8. In bright state 2 (even frame) state, supply a VDP-P (—it is the same in the case of odd frame state). The horizontal electrodes 3 in the embodiment are the same, so the liquid crystals are opposite to the electrodes 3 7 0 f F 〇. Therefore, the setting of T F T is lower than C and the electrical bias is not selected. In the embodiment, when the voltage is 6 V or V, the voltage supplied from the signal electrode driving circuit 19 is at the central voltage Vd-centek, and it is sufficient to form a voltage of △ V / 2 (in even frame), and the most VDH = VDL) Can be reduced to AV (Figure 3 3, when it is bright, it becomes an AV / 2, shape △ V / 2, its polarity is reversed. In the liquid crystal display device that represents the middle-order electric field method, it will be linear The common electrode 4 is arranged in parallel with the same base amount Ci_c of 3 3 f F. Compared with the conventional longitudinal electric field method (when the same pixel pitch) is used to form the liquid crystal capacitance of a planar pixel, it is about small if applied from the scan electrode The parasitic capacitance of the transverse electric field of the bias voltage (especially the sufficiently small capacitance s between the gate and the source ′ becomes c τ and C s, which can be directly applied to the bias voltage according to

Set V 2 (please read the notes on the back before filling this page)

, VL Η 0, V 丨) 丨 丨 2 2 4 .0 V. VL 丨. = 0 V, V GH V, VDL = 9.0 V, the paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard Rate (CNS) 8 4 (210X297 mm) -19 _ Du Yince A7 _B7, the consumer consumption cooperation of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economy V. Invention description (17) V cc = 2 2 .3V. As a result, the parasitic capacitance between the gate and the source

The voltage variation caused by Ccs △ Vcs (+), AVCS (—), △ V B, bias voltage v B, the effective value V r m S of the liquid crystal applied voltage V L C becomes the value shown in Table 1. Table 1 State of various electrical pressure values △ Vgs (+) △ Vgs (-) Vb (+) Vb (-) △ Vb (·) △ Vb (+) Vrrns Bright 0.44 0.82 7,61 7.61 0.14 0.14 9.11 Dark 0.59 0.78 8.31 8.31 0.15 0.15 6.80

As shown in Table 1, the maximum voltage of the liquid crystal applied voltage Vlc is 9.1 1 V, and the voltage V that forms a bright state. N is equal, the minimum voltage is 6.8 V, which is equal to the voltage V 〇f F that forms the dark state, which can form the maximum value and the minimum value of the brightness curve shown in Figure 3 3, which can form a sufficiently high contrast 8 0, Moreover, the maximum amplitude of the signal voltage waveform VD p-P = VD η-VD l = 2.9 V can achieve a low voltage. According to the scan electrode waveform of this embodiment, the selected voltage V G Η of the scan signal voltage and the non-selected voltage, the higher voltage V c L Η must satisfy the following conditions. V GH ^ V DH + V rn + V Μ ......... (number 4) V GLH ^ V S1 + V ΤΗ- V Μ ......... (number 5) In the above formula , V s, is the voltage shown in Figure 7 (e) 'V s 1 = V d l. — Δ V 〇s (—) — Vn (_) ° Vr | 1 is the TFT daggers, the paper wave scale is applicable China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 0X297mm) -20------------- ¾ ------ IT ------ line, (read it-read back Note: Please fill in this page again.) A7 _B7 printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Central Bureau of Economic Development, Jeonggong Consumer Cooperative V. Inventive (IS) Limitation, V Μ is the marginal voltage that enables the TFT to actually turn on / off. In this embodiment, the voltage is set assuming that νΤΗ is 0, Vth = OV, and νΜ = 4. In order to correct the DC component, the common electrode is charged! EVC is set lower than the central voltage Vd-CENTER by approximately △ Vc: 0.5 V. The scanning voltage V with the previous line. (:) The time difference from the turn-on voltage VCH to the non-selection voltage VCLH or the timing difference td causes the scan voltage vc (l) to rise to the turn-on voltage VCH, and the previous scan voltage V to fall from the non-selection voltage V CLL The time difference to the cut-off voltage VCL, or the rising time difference td 2 falls to the non-select voltages VCLI1 and VCLL of the scan voltage. The reason is to consider the loss of voltage waveform. In this embodiment, both tdl and td2 are set to 3vs (however, as in this embodiment, the auxiliary capacitance element 16 is connected to the scanning electrode in the previous row, and when scanning sequentially from the previous row, or the auxiliary capacitance element 16 is connected It is not necessary to scan electrodes in the back row, and it is not necessary to scan sequentially from the back row. If the auxiliary capacitance element 16 is connected to the scan electrode in the front row, and it is sequentially scanned from the back row, or the auxiliary capacitance element 16 is connected to Scan the electrode in the back row, and it is necessary to scan sequentially from the front row). As mentioned above, the liquid crystal capacitance is only 3 3 f F, and the auxiliary capacitance element is only 20 〇f ρ, but for a modulation voltage of 9V (△ Vc = △ GL η — V c L: = VGLL — V “, dagger ) A bias voltage of about 8 V can be applied. Therefore, as long as the driving voltage of V d "-p (region 7 (C)!) Is as small as 2.9 V, the display device can be driven. Therefore, the most needed power can be reduced The power consumption of the Shinsen electrode drive circuit 19 can reduce the power consumption of the entire display device. Because the grain size of the signal electrode drive circuit can also be reduced, the ft scale of this paper applies to tn.i '^^ TCNS) A4 ^ (21〇X297 公 庆) ~~ Γ " 91: --- (please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page)-* A7 ^ 06448 ____B7___ 5. Description of the invention (I9) Therefore, the area around the periphery of the display surface Reduce the size of the display device. In addition, the proportion of the display surface increases, which can improve visibility. At the same time, because the capacitance component is small, the loss of the opening area caused by the capacitance component disappears, which can be formed. 3% high aperture ratio, so it can improve the brightness of the display screen. The capacitance load CG can be expressed by the following formula: CG = Μ · {Cs (Cgs + Clc) + Cgs (Cs + Clc 4) / (Cs + Cgs 十 Clc) ......... (number 6) In the formula, M is the total number of pixels in the horizontal direction. In the vertical electric field method, the liquid crystal capacitance Clc is large, so Ccs < < Ct-c. Therefore, it becomes CG = C s * Clc / (Cs + Clc) ... ...... (Number 7) When considering the application of a bias voltage of 80% of the modulation voltage △ v, it becomes Cs = 4 Clc, and the minimum value of Cg is (4/5) .Clc. On the one hand In the transverse electric field mode, Cgs—Clc < < Cs becomes

Cg = 2 Cgs + Clc · _ · ...... (number 8) When C G s = C L C, it becomes C <; = 3 c L f :. As described above, the liquid crystal capacitance c L C ′ of the transverse electric field method is 1/100 of the longitudinal electric field method, so C c becomes approximately 2.7 times the value. A string usually crossed in the horizontal direction ^ The paper wave scale is applicable to the Chinese national sample (CNS> A4 size (210X 297 mm) -22-tm — ^ nn ^ i tn · ^^ 1 »11 am ϋ (please it- Note on the back of Mt? And then fill out this page) The Central Economic and Trade Bureau of the Ministry of Economics, the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Meng Consumer Cooperative, Yinzhen Economic Langzhong _The rate of the member of the second consumption, including the Ajiang ___B7. V. Invention description (2〇) Sound ( Horizontal stains) occur due to the change in the voltage waveform caused by the difference in display. Especially in the method of modulating the voltage of the scanning electrode to make the amplitude of the signal voltage smaller, the change in the voltage waveform of the scanning electrode is ineffective. Changes in the effectiveness of the bias voltage. Therefore, combining the driving method of modulating the voltage of the scan electrode to reduce the amplitude of the signal voltage of the electric field and the transverse electric field method can sufficiently apply the bias voltage, and can suppress the occurrence of transverse stains. In this embodiment, the capacitance of one scanning electrode is as small as 6 9 PF. Therefore, as a result of observing the scanning voltage waveform, the waveform of the modulated voltage hardly loses its shape, and the occurrence of any horizontal stains cannot be confirmed visually. ~ As above In this embodiment, low driving voltage, high aperture ratio, and high image quality can coexist. In addition, in this embodiment, the voltage V〇N in the bright state and the voltage V in the dark state are displayed in FIG. 33. 〇 The difference of FF is 5 V or less, so it is possible to use an LSI with a withstand voltage of 5 V or less manufactured in the process of general LSI (for example, C-MOS level) as the signal-side drive circuit 1 9, which can increase the mass production of display devices Reduce the cost. When the voltage is not adjusted, that is, assuming VDH 2 2.5V, V〇l = 4.3V, it becomes VDP-P = 18.2 乂. In this example, it is 乂 〇 卜1, = 2.9. Therefore, compared with the case where the modulation voltage is not overlapped, V u 〃 p can be reduced to less than 1/6. [Embodiment 2] In this embodiment, the driving waveform is different from Embodiment 1. Figure 8 It shows the driving waveform of this example. In Example 1, the Chinese national standard (CNS) (210X297 publication) is applied at the same scale as the local township. ~-23-'~ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page ) Installed '11 Monthly Consumers' Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (21) — In-frame application The modulation voltage △ VcL (+), △ Vnui -) in the whole portion of the scan line becomes the same positive or negative polarity. However, in this embodiment, the polarities of the modulation voltages are reversed between adjacent scan lines. Therefore, the waveform of the voltage Vs applied to the pixel electrode is extremely reversed and is reversed every line, so-called inversion driving for each line. In this embodiment, the conditions corresponding to (number 4) and (number 5) in embodiment 1 can be expressed by the following formula: V GH ^ V DH + V TH + V M ... (number 9 ) V GL ^ V S1 + V ΤΗ-V Μ ......... (number 1 〇) V GLH ^ .V S2 + V ΤΗ ~~ V χΜ ......... (number 1 1) In the above formula, vs2 is the voltage value shown in Figure 8, VS2 = Vdl — Δ V GS (+). Assuming that Vm = 4V and set the voltage, each voltage becomes Vd-center: 1 5 · Ο V 'Vgh = 2 0. 5 V, Vgl-? V d η ~ 1 6 .5V * Vdl— 1 3 6V j Vglh — 9. Ο V »V gll = 9. Ο V» VC = 1 4 .5V ° parasitic capacitance between gate and source C "voltage variation caused by .s Gs (+)» Δ VGS (—), Δν bias JEV B 'The real number value ν rms of the voltage VC applied to the liquid crystal becomes the number value shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows the state of various electrical pressure values VGS (+) Vgs (-) VB < +) VB (. ) △ Vb (-) AVB U) Vrms Ming 0.31 0.69 7.61 7.61 0.14 0.14 9.11 Dark 0.45 0.64 8.31 8.31 0.15 0.15 6.80 The standard of the paper wave standard is the national standard of China (CNS) A4 specifications (2 丨 0X297mm) -24 _ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in the Ben Yin) Binding · Stranding A7 B7 Central Ministry of Economics and Trade Bureau of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce Co., Ltd. Printed in cooperation V. Invention description (22) In this embodiment, by doing each line Reverse driving and setting the same edge voltage Vm can still reduce the maximum amplitude value of the voltage of the scan electrode from 28.6V to 20.5V. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the use of the scanning side drive circuit 18 Withstand voltage and power consumption of the scan-side driver IC. In addition to the effects of Embodiment 1, this embodiment can also use a low-withstand voltage scan-side driver IC, which can further reduce power consumption. [Embodiment 2]- The electrode structure and driving method of the pixels of this embodiment are different from those of Embodiment 1. FIG. 9 is a plan view of the structure of many pixels in the lower substrate. FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of one pixel. 1 1 is a cross-sectional view along line DD in FIG. 10. FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of the display device of this embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 12, it will become the common electrode 4. The wiring of the backbone is formed parallel to the scanning electrode 1 and pulled out to the edge opposite to the scanning electrode driving circuit 18 of the panel, and is connected together and connected to the common electrode driving circuit 20. From the wiring that becomes the backbone of each common electrode Wiring extending up and down into branches. In this way, in order to achieve the highest possible aperture ratio, every two adjacent pixels in the vertical direction are used as one common electrode wiring, and the number of common electrode wiring is halved. Scan electrode 1 and common electrode 4 Tie The same metal material is formed. As shown in Figure 11, the pixel electrode 3 and the common electrode 4 are used to hold the wooden paper wave scale and use the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 said grid (210X297mm) -25 '- -------:-install-- (please read the notes on the back and fill in this page)

、 1T line Duzhong printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Bureau of Preservation and Consumer Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (23) The polar insulating mold 9 forms the auxiliary capacitor element 16. The common electrode 4 is formed on another layer via the pixel electrode 3, the signal electrode 2, and the gate insulating film 9, so the common electrode 4 and the signal electrode never short-circuit, and the distance between the two can be reduced to 3 #m. Therefore, the area of the area between the signal electrode 2 that is not related to display and the adjacent common electrode can be reduced, so the pixel 4 is divided by the branch portion of the pixel electrode 2 and the common electrode 4 (3 division in Embodiment 1), Therefore, compared with Example 1, although the gap between the electrodes can be reduced, the same high aperture ratio as in Example 1 can be ensured. By reducing the gap between the electrodes, the voltage applied between the electrodes can be reduced to apply the same amount of electric field to the liquid crystal. As described above, according to this embodiment, the same brightness as in Embodiment 1 can be maintained, and the driving voltage is lower than in Embodiment 1. Because the common electrode 4 is formed adjacent to the signal electrode 2, most of the electric field from the signal electrode 2 terminates in the common electrode 4 ', so that the signal electrode 2 and the pixel electrode 3 can be prevented from generating capacity by the masking effect of the common electrode In combination, the voltage fluctuation of the pixel electrode due to the voltage fluctuation of the signal electrode can be suppressed. In this way, the occurrence of crosstalk (vertical stain) in the vertical direction can be suppressed, and the display quality can be improved. In this embodiment, there are 6 4 0 X 3 signal electrodes, 4 8 0 scan electrodes, and 2 4 0 common electrodes. The total number of pixels is the same as that in Embodiment 1, about 1 million. In this way, this embodiment can greatly reduce the number of common electrodes compared with Embodiment 1. Therefore, the probability of wire breakage or the probability of short-circuiting with other electrodes can be significantly reduced, which can improve the yield rate when manufacturing backboards. In this embodiment, the wiring that becomes the backbone of the common electrode is formed as a common state with 2 pixels adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction, but it is set in the mother-like image. The paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 see grid (210X297 mm)- 26 1. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page)-installed., 1T line A7 B7 Μ Ministry of Central Prototype Bureau ac; industrial and consumer cooperation Thorium printing and installation V. Description of invention (24) 1 element can also be reached The effect of the present invention 0 i I The first 1 3 rm diagram shows the motion waveform of the display device of this embodiment. The non-selected voltage of the scanning signal VGC i-1) and VG (1) is -1 during each scanning period. IVGL «and VGLL alternately change 0 At this time 1 Please make the breaking voltage first-Μ 1 II Amplitude value 1 VGL Η--VGLL 1 and common electrode voltage amplitude value IXJ S back 1 1 1 VC Η — VCL The number of 1 is the same 9 makes the pixel electrode 3, the scanning electrode 1 1 I meaning I 9 1 3 total The relationship of the relative voltage of the electrode 4 often becomes-fixed 0 due to the fact • 1 is to simultaneously modulate the voltage VC of the common electrode | Therefore, the non-optional filling of the scanning signal 1 can be made. For the same phase. Therefore, the output of the scan-side driver IC in Example 1 needs to have 4 values. However, in this example, only 3 values can be used for driving, so the number of 1 1 circuits inside the scan-side driver IC can be reduced. The size of the scan-side driver IC can be miniaturized. 0 If you use modulation 1 to apply a voltage to the ground voltage of the scan-side driver IC or directly output an open circuit voltage as the IC of the scan-side driver IC, you can use the 2-value output. Scan 1 I scan side driver IC 9 can be more compact. In addition to the effect of embodiment 1, this embodiment can reduce the drive wire I voltage 9 The occurrence of crosstalk in the vertical direction can be suppressed 0 and the good product rate of the panel 1 1 1 can be improved. Since the scan-side driver IC can be miniaturized, the entire display 1 1 device can be miniaturized. 0 1 ί The driving method of this embodiment It can also be applied to the pixel structure 1 in the first embodiment. In this case, the scan-side driver IC can still be miniaturized. 1 1 In this embodiment, 9 alternately changes the modulation voltage during each scanning period. More than 2 scanning periods, or alternately changing between each frame period. 1 1 Changing the modulation voltage can still produce the same effect. 0 1 1 1 This paper scale is applicable to the Zhongpu National Standard Falcon (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -27-The Ministry of Economic Affairs, Central Bureau of Industry and Commerce, Mgong Consumer Cooperative Printed 28 A7 ___ _B7_ V. Description of the Invention (25) [Embodiment 4] FIG. 14 shows the structure of many pixel portions of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment. Figure 15 shows an enlarged view of one pixel. In this embodiment, the common electrode 4 is not provided, and the scanning electrode 13 in the preceding row is used as a reference electrode opposed to the pixel electrode 3. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is mainly controlled by the electric field E between the pixel electrode 3 and the branch electrode extending from the forward scanning electrode 13 toward the right angle direction. In this embodiment, the branch electrode is pulled out from the scanning electrode in the front row, but it can also be pulled out from the scanning wiring in the back row. The auxiliary capacitance element 16 is formed by sandwiching the gate electrode green film 9 with the pixel electrode 3 and the scanning electrode 13 on the front side. Since the scanning electrode 13 in the preceding row is provided on a layer different from the signal electrode 2 through the gate insulating film, the distance between the scanning electrode 5 and the signal electrode 2 can be reduced to 3 # m. Since no common electrode is provided, the area of the common electrode wiring portion of the above embodiment can be used as an opening. As described above, the area of the area where the light transmission state cannot be controlled is reduced, so that the pixel 4 can be divided to reduce the gap between the electrodes, but the aperture ratio of the first and third embodiments can still be ensured. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the brightness can be further improved, and the driving voltage is lower than that of the first embodiment. Since the branch electrode of the scanning electrode 13 in the previous row is formed adjacent to the signal electrode 2, most of the electric field from the signal electrode 2 is terminated by the branch electrode of the scanning electrode 13, so the same as in the embodiment 3 can be suppressed The voltage variation of the pixel electrode 3 caused by the voltage variation of the signal electrode 2 can suppress the occurrence of crosstalk in the vertical direction. FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of the display device of this embodiment. Because there is no t-scale standard, the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 washing grid (210X297 public) is required (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Packing-Stranding 296448 A7 Central Bureau of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Economic Affairs W Industry and Consumer Cooperation Du Yinhuan B7 5. Description of the invention (26) The common electrode is placed, so no common electrode drive circuit is required. In this way, the common electrode wiring and the common electrode driving circuit can be omitted, so compared with the first embodiment, the mass productivity of the panel can be improved. Fig. 17 shows the driving waveform of this embodiment. (A), (b) is the scanning signal voltage, (c) is the signal electrical power, (d) is the voltage applied to the pixel electrode, and e is the difference voltage between the pixel electrode and the scanning electrode. The scan signal in this embodiment is the same as in Embodiment 3. Because the modulation voltage in the scan signal voltage applied to the pixel electrode 1 is the same waveform as the modulation voltage in the scan signal voltage applied to the scan electrode 13 in the previous row as the reference voltage, the voltages of the reference electrode and the scan electrode The phase deviation of the modulated voltage waveform caused by the difference in the waveform disappears, and the bias voltage can be faithfully reflected in the applied voltage of the liquid crystal. Assuming that the maximum gate voltage applied during the non-selection period is V >, as shown in Figure 17, V / = V ◦ N. In this embodiment, the threshold voltage V τ H of T F T is controlled in order to apply an AC waveform to the liquid crystal application voltage V ^ c to satisfy V τ Η > V 〇 N. In this way, the pixel electrode can be charged by applying a negative voltage (_V) to the pixel electrode based on the non-selected voltage of the scan signal, and the holding operation can be sufficiently maintained. In this embodiment, the thickness of the amorphous silicon film is thinned to shift to the high voltage side, and the gate threshold voltage V Τ Η is controlled. The threshold voltage V τ Η is defined as the square root of the sink current λ / TF plotted against the gate voltage ν c within the range of V Τ Η < V c < VD + V Τ Η to become a straight line approximation When changing, the gate voltage V at the intersection of the straight line and the gate voltage V c axis. . In this embodiment, the thickness of the semiconductor film is used to control the threshold voltage of the gate. However, the gate scale can also be used to apply the Chinese National Standardization (CNS) 84 4 grid (210Χ 297 mm) -29-(please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)-install. Threading, Liji Department Printed by the Central Prototype Bureau Beigongxiao Cooperative Society A7 _________B7 5. Description of the invention (27) Selection of materials for the electrode material, gate green film, semiconductor film, dopant, back channel control and other control limits Voltage. It can also be controlled by one or a combination of them, as long as the conditions related to the threshold voltage of the gate are satisfied, it does not exceed the scope of the present invention. In addition to the effects of Embodiments 1 and 3, this embodiment can increase the brightness and the mass productivity of the panel. In particular, when V τΗ exceeds V ON, the non-selected voltage of the scanning signal can be used as a reference, the charge is maintained at a negative voltage, and the AC can be used to drive the liquid crystal. Therefore, the durability time is longer, and it is possible to provide a high-quality active matrix type liquid crystal display device that does not cause afterimages. The pixel structure of this embodiment can also use the driving methods of Embodiments 1 and 2 0 [Embodiment 5] The driving method of this embodiment is different from Embodiment 4. Fig. 18 shows the driving waveform of this embodiment. In this embodiment, the non-selected voltage applied to the scan electrode in the same frame is constant, but the non-selected voltage value is changed every frame, and the phase difference of each row is (1 + 1 scan period / 1 frame) Scanning signal voltage. When the non-selection voltage applied to the scanning electrode 13 in the previous row is the higher of the two non-selection voltages V d H, v C U, V c η, a negative voltage is applied to the liquid crystal. If the non-selected voltage applied to the scan electrode 13 in the previous row is the lower one of the voltage V c LL, the image f signal V η is applied so as to apply a negative voltage to the liquid crystal 'and the voltage is applied to the pixel via TF D at the selected time electrode. This' can be applied to this paper standard is applicable to China National Standardization (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm) -30--------- (丨 installed ------ ordered ------ line (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page.) Central Bureau of Standards of the Fanji Ministry: Printed by ABC Cooperative Society A7 _ B7 V. Description of Invention (28) AC drive waveform on the LCD. As shown in Figure 18 It is shown that this embodiment also needs to be the threshold voltage of the TFT with V < = V〇N / which can satisfy V TH > V ON. It is not necessary to change the non-selection voltage during each scan as described in Embodiment 4, The power consumption is low, and the polarity of each row can be reversed to suppress the flicker phenomenon. In this embodiment, by making the difference between the higher voltage V of the non-selected voltage and the lower voltage VCLL VGLH-VCLL equal to V. n + V〇FF can make the maximum amplitude of the video signal voltage V PP-P become V ON-V OFF 'can achieve the same voltage as in Example 4. Compared with Example 4, this example can reduce the scanning electrode drive circuit Power consumption. [Embodiment 6] FIG. 19 shows the driving waveform of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment. The driving of this embodiment The waveform is basically the same as that in Embodiment 5, except that the difference VCLH-VGLL of the higher voltage VCI ^ H and the lower voltage Vc of the non-selected voltage is set to (V〇N + V〇FF) / 2 and Embodiment 5 is not The same. Therefore, the maximum amplitude of the image signal voltage Vd as shown in Figure 19 (C)

Vdp-p increases to (3V〇n-V〇ff) / 2 > However, the threshold value of the TFT Vth becomes greater than VkAV /〗. (V〇N-V〇FF) / 2, the negative maximum voltage (one Von) can be applied to the liquid crystal. Therefore, compared with Examples 4 and 5, a TFT with a low threshold voltage can be used, and compared with the maximum amplitude of the image signal voltage VDP-P = 2 VON when the non-selection voltage is 1 value, the voltage can be reduced (Von + Voff) / 2. The size of this paper is suitable for the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2I0X297mm) -31---------- I installed--夤 (please read the precautions on the back side before filling in this I) -tr M The Ministry of Economic Affairs, Central Bureau of Prosperity and Economic Cooperation, Du Printing Co., Ltd. _B7 V. Description of the invention (29) In the driving method of the embodiment, as shown in Figure 34, 'set the angle of 0LC to be more Larger, can make V〇N smaller, and can use TFT with low threshold voltage, at the same time can reduce the image signal voltage. Compared with Examples 4 and 5, this embodiment has the effect that a TFT with a low threshold voltage can be used. [Embodiment 7] FIG. 20 shows the driving waveform of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment. In this embodiment, P-type TFTs and n-type TFTs are alternately formed in each row. Therefore, a TFT whose threshold value voltage VTH is a negative voltage can be used. In order to make the threshold voltage VTH a negative voltage, the center value V c-P of the non-selection voltage of the scan electrode with p-type TFT must be higher than the center value VCL-N of the non-selection voltage of the scan electrode with n-type TFT, And the potential difference must exceed V〇n + AVs. Here, AVs is the maximum value of the field crossing voltage. Therefore, the maximum amplitude VDP-P of the image signal voltage can be reduced to Vn + Z ^ Vs + AV. In this embodiment, as compared with Embodiment 4, a TFT with a negative voltage threshold voltage VTH can be used, and the The video signal voltage becomes lower. [Example 8]

The pixel structure and driving method of this embodiment are different from those of Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the pixels shown in Fig. 21 are formed. Figure 22 shows the equivalent circuit of the pixel. Figure 23 is a cross-sectional view along line E-E / in Figure 21. Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view along the line F-F >. The second picture is the A4 specification of China National Standards (CNS) A4 (2 〖〇X 297 public love) _ 39 _, along the G wood paper and scale. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page ) A7 __________B7_ V. Description of the invention (3〇) —G > line cross-sectional view. As shown in FIG. 21, the pixel system is formed with thin film transistor elements 15a and 15b. As shown in FIG. 21, the signal voltage corresponding to the portrait is applied to the sink electrode 25 a of the thin film transistor element 15 a, and through the source electrode 26 a, the through hole 31 is connected to the pixel electrode 3. The voltage supplied to the reference electrode 4 having a potential difference from the pixel electrode is supplied from the scan electrode 1 3 a of the next row through the perforation 3 2, the sink electrode 2 5 b of the thin film transistor element 15 b, and the source electrode 2 6 b. As shown in FIG. 25, the auxiliary capacitance element 16a is formed by the pixel electrode 3, the reference electrode 4, and the gate insulating film 9. The auxiliary capacitance element 16a is provided by absorbing the noise of the signal to maintain the potential of the pixel electrode at a constant potential. In this way, two thin film transistor elements are provided in one pixel, and as shown in FIG. 24, the electric field direction E between the pixel electrode 3 and the reference electrode 4 is mainly parallel to the substrate surface or has a horizontal component. Two thin film transistors are used here, but more than three original thin film transistors can also be used to form a redundant structure. In the same way, more than two supplementary capacitance components 16a can be used. Here, since only the photomask is used for adjustment between the pixel electrode 3 and the reference electrode 4, unevenness of the electric field e applied to the liquid crystal layer can be suppressed. Since the two sources are formed in the same layer, the unevenness of the distance d between the pixel electrode 3 and the reference electrode 4 can be suppressed to less than 5%. The driving method will be described below. Figure 27 shows the waveform of the voltage applied to each electrode. Carry out the sequential drive of the writing signal line of each line. Scanning voltage waveform 4 0: V c (> is the selection pulse 4 1: V η 〇n by selecting the TFT of one row and turning it on (and the reference electrode before the potential V c is supplied to one row The reference voltage pulse 5 1: VC (CNS) (210X297 ^ *) ~-33-------- ^ Install ------ IT ------. ^ (T first Read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page) Β7 5. Description of invention (31). The reference voltage pulse wave 5 2 in line i + 1 5 2: V. c 〇- 1) and i (please read the back of It first (Notes need to fill in this page again) The selection of the scanning pulse of the scanning line 4 1: V 〇〇nt synchronous application. Therefore, when the selection pulse 41 is applied to the scanning voltage waveform of the scanning line of the i-th row 40, The thin film transistor element 1 5 a, 1 5 b is turned on, and the signal voltage waveform 6 1: Vdo) and the reference voltage pulse wave of the i + 1th line 5 2: V 〇cc (m are written via the thin film transistor element 1 5 a, 1 5 b is connected to the auxiliary capacitance element 16 a of the signal electrode 2 and the scan electrode 1 3 a, and the liquid crystal 5 a. When the writing period (1 Η) of the row ends, the scan voltage waveform 4 0: V c drops to the cut-off level (not selected Select voltage), the thin film transistors 1 5 a, 1 5 b become open, and maintain the written voltage. But in fact, when the scanning voltage waveform 40 drops to the open level, the thin film transistor 5 a, The voltage shift caused by the coupling noise caused by the parasitic capacitance of 5 b is shifted by 7 6, 7 7, and is maintained at this voltage. The voltage applied to the liquid crystal is applied with thin film transistor elements 1 5 a, 1 5 b The voltage 7 8 between each source voltage 7 1 and 7 2 determines the brightness (transmittance) of the pixel by this voltage. In this embodiment, the power supplied from the scan electrode of the next row is located at the reference electrode, so there is no need to apply The voltage is at the special common electrode of the reference electrode, so the process of forming the common electrode can be reduced. In addition, unlike Embodiments 4, 5, and 6, it is not necessary to make the threshold value of the TFT high, even if the threshold value is used near 0 Or the TFT below 0 can still drive the liquid crystal with AC. In the conventional driving method, when the thin film transistor element is switched from the on state to the off state, the parasitic capacitance of the thin film transistor element is accepted The DC component of the night crystal applied voltage generated by the pressure shift 7 6, 7 7, this paper wave scale is applicable to the Chinese national standard falcon (CNS > eight 4 wash grid (210X 297 mm) -34 A7 A7 Central Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Industrial and Consumer Cooperatives __B7 5. Description of the invention (32) In this embodiment, the two thin film transistor elements cancel each other, so it does not happen. Therefore, it is not necessary to correct the DC component corrected in the past with the common electrode, and the liquid crystal can be driven by AC, so flicker does not occur. Similarly, the afterimage caused by the DC component has not been confirmed, and the brightness gradient is not obvious. When using a 2-terminal device such as a MOSFET, unevenness in brightness due to unevenness in the threshold value of the device is also offset by the two devices, so uneven brightness can be eliminated. [Embodiment 9] The structure of this embodiment is the same as Embodiment 8 except for the following points. Figure 28 shows a pixel plan view of this embodiment. Figure 29 is its equivalent circuit diagram. The sink electrode of the thin film transistor element 15 which supplies electricity to the reference electrode 4 and the scan line 4 of the next row are connected with the capacitance element 10 1. In order to eliminate the noise generated by the signal, the capacitance element 6 connected between the pixel electrode 3 and the reference electrode 4 is formed as a series circuit of two capacitance elements 6 a, 6 b, whereby the eighth implementation can be eliminated All the necessary holes in the example. Therefore, in pixels that require fine processing, there is no need for processing such as patterning and opening of the interlayer insulating film, short circuit and contact failure between different layers due to poor processing of the insulating film will not occur, and it can be reduced The perforation field, which is not related to display, can improve the aperture ratio and provide a high-quality liquid crystal display device. When the combined power supply is located at the reference electrode 4, as shown in Figure 2 9, the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 Mm_) ~-35-" '------------ d ------ order ------ line (please read the notice on the back before filling this page ) A7 2 ^ 6448 V. Description of the invention (33) The ratio of the combined capacitance of 16 c determines the potential of the reference electrode 4. Assuming that the voltage of the pixel electrode 3 is VdS, the voltage of the scan electrode of the next row is Vcc (1), the voltage of the reference electrode 4 is Vc (i), and the capacitance values of the auxiliary capacitance elements 16b and 16c are respectively Cl 7, C6 a, C 6 b, the combined capacitance value is C 1 0 2, and the capacitance value of the capacitance element 1 〇1 is C 1 0 1, because the liquid crystal electricity between the pixel electrode 3 and the reference electrode 4 The capacity is very small, so C 6 a XC 6 b C 6 a XC 6 b C 1 0 2 = C 1 7 + —-- ^ c 6 a + c 6 b C 6 a + C 6 b The voltage applied to the liquid crystal is C 1 Ο 2 VD (j)-VC (i) = VD (j)-丨 (VD (j) — VGC (1)). C 1 0 1 + C 1 〇2 + VGC (i)) C 1 0 .1 = (VD (j)-VGC (丨)) ~-c 1 〇1 + C 1 〇2 Therefore, if the capacitance (the electric capacity of cattle 1 〇1 value c 1 〇1 redundant 'power is greater than the combined power When the capacity is C 1 〇2, a sufficient voltage can be applied to drive the liquid crystal. The standard of this paper is China National Standard (CNS) Α4 condition grid (210x297 public director) '36 ---------, installed ---- --Subscribe ------ Line (please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Bureau of Standards Consumer Cooperatives ¾ Central Bureau of Standards Printed by the industrial and consumer cooperative ______ B7 V. Description of the invention (34) Even if it is 2 to 3 times, only the voltage amplitude of the scan electrode in the second row increases by 2 5 to 3 3%, which does not have any effect on the display characteristics. According to this The embodiment uses the capacitance combined with the supply of the counter electrode's electrical history, so there is no need for processing such as patterning and opening of the interlayer insulating film, which can eliminate small areas not related to display, thereby improving the aperture ratio and providing Reduced defects due to poor processing of insulating film 'High-quality LCD 7K device

I 0 [Embodiment 1 0] The structure of this embodiment is the same as Embodiment 8 except for the following requirements. Figure 30 is the driving waveform. The pixel structure and equivalent circuit are the same as in Figs. 2 1 and 2 2. The characteristic of this embodiment is that: in the scanning voltage waveform 40: V c (, — α), the reference voltage pulse wave 5 ·· VG c C,-i) is reversed in polarity with V cc as the center in each line . Since the liquid crystal voltage is the difference voltage between the signal voltage 61 and the reference voltage pulse 52, the reference voltage pulse 52 of the scan voltage waveform of the next row of the selected row is reversed in polarity in each row, whereby the liquid crystal can be realized Low voltage drive caused by inversion driving of each row. The amplitude of the signal voltage can be minimized by appropriately selecting the voltage amplitudes of the reference voltages 5 1 and 5 2 and equalizing the center values of the signal electrode and the opposing voltage. In this embodiment, such a selected driving condition can reduce the voltage of the signal-side driving circuit, and can reduce the flicker caused by the polarity reversal of each row. This paper wave scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297mm) -37 (please read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page).-° A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (35) [Embodiment 1 1] This embodiment is the same as Embodiment 10 except for the following requirements. FIG. 31 shows a pixel plan view of 2 rows and 2 columns of this embodiment. Figure 3 2 is a hierarchical circuit diagram. Figure 33 shows the driving waveform. The entire display device is constructed by repeatedly implementing this pixel arrangement. The basic structure of the pixel is the same as the first embodiment shown in FIG. 21. The characteristic of this embodiment is: the connection between the reference electrode 4 and the scanning electrode-supply electrode of the supply potential is connected to the upper and lower scanning electrodes 1 and 1 3 a in each column, and the driving method is as low as that of embodiment 10 Based on the voltage driving, when the scan electrodes are selected, two types of reference voltages are applied to the upper and lower scan electrodes in Example 1 Q in Example 1 and the polarity inversion is applied in each row. According to this embodiment, the polarity of the written liquid crystal can be reversed for each column, and the horizontal stain can be eliminated by writing the crosstalk current on the gate wiring with the signal voltage of the opposite pole, thus preventing the generation of horizontal stains, At the same time, the signal voltage can be reduced. It also reverses the polarity of each line, thereby preventing the occurrence of vertical stains at the same time, and providing high image quality and low power® driving. The above uses embodiments to describe the transmissive liquid crystal display device of the present invention, and the present invention can also be applied to a reflective liquid crystal display device. The structure of the thin film transistor (forward cross structure, reverse cross structure, coplanar structure, etc.) and its material are not limited by the examples. The peripheral circuit (signal electrode drive circuit 'scan electrode drive circuit, part or all of the common electrode drive circuit can be in the shape of 1 c grain. This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 wash (210X297 mm)- This. -------- Bu Zhuang ------ Subscribe ------ Line (please read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page). Printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standard Rate Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Install Α7 Β7 5. Description of the invention (36) State directly adhered to the surface of the substrate 7 constituting the display panel. Part or all of the peripheral circuits can also be integrally formed on the surface of the substrate 7 with polysilicon TFTs. In this way, the peripheral When the electricity is installed outside the display panel, the entire display device can be miniaturized. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be combined with an information processing device, a memory device, an input device, an output device, a communication device, etc. to form various OA devices , Portable device. According to the present invention, the method of using the electric field in the direction of the substrate interface to convert the liquid crystal to modulate the voltage of the scanning electrode to lower the voltage, which can simultaneously achieve a lower driving voltage and a higher voltage. The aperture ratio is improved. In this way, it can provide a thin-film transistor-type liquid crystal display device with low power consumption, bright, and good visibility. At the same time, it can suppress the crosstalk that is a problem in the low-voltage driving method by modulating the voltage of the scanning electrode The occurrence of horizontal stains) can provide high-quality thin-film transistor-type liquid crystal display devices. In addition, it can also control the threshold voltage of the thin-film transistor element, or form an n-type thin-film transistor element and a P-type thin film In the transistor element, the scan electrode is used as the reference electrode, and the driving voltage can be reduced. In addition, when two thin film transistor elements are used as one pixel, the reference potential can be supplied from the scan electrode, and the driving voltage can be reduced. And high image quality. Drawings: Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention (along the line A-A in the third frame); Figure 2 is the embodiment 1 including adjacent pixels The front side of the pixel structure of this paper is suitable for the Chinese national standard (CNS) A4 wash grid (210X297mm) 39 ---------- installed d ----- set ----- line ( Please read the notes on the back first (Fill in this page) A7 B7 printed by the I-Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (37) ΓΒΠ · Figure 3 is a front view of the pixel structure of Example 1; Figure 4 is the third The side cross-sectional view along the B _ B > line in the figure: Figure 5 is the third cross-sectional view along the C-C > line in the figure; Figure 6 is the display decoration of Example 1 Circuit diagram: Figure 7 is a diagram of the driving waveform of Example 1: Figure 8 is a diagram of the driving waveform of Example 2: Figure 9 is a front view of the pixel structure of Example 3 including adjacent pixels, Figure 10 is Front view of the pixel structure of Embodiment 3; FIG. 11 is a side cross-sectional view along line D-D / in FIG. 10; FIG. 12 is a diagram of the circuit structure of the display device of Embodiment 3; Figure 13 is a diagram of the driving waveform of Example 3; Figure 14 is a front view of the pixel structure of Example 4 including adjacent pixels; Figure 15 is a front view of the pixel structure of Example 4: Figure 16 FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram of the display device of Embodiment 4; FIG. 17 is a diagram of the driving waveform of Embodiment 4; FIG. 18 is a diagram of the driving waveform of Embodiment 5; Fig. 20 is the driving waveform of the embodiment 6: Fig. 20 is the driving waveform of the embodiment 7: Fig. 21 is the front view of the pixel structure of the embodiment 8; Fig. 22 is the pixel of the embodiment 8 Through the circuit diagram: Figure 2 3 is the side cross-sectional view along line E-E / line in Figure 21; (please read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page) to install. The size of this paper is applicable to the Chinese national fengfeng ( CNS) Α4 specification (210Χ 297 mm) 40 M Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Prototype Bureau Zhen Gongxiao f cooperation Du Yince A7 __ϋ— V. Description of the invention (38) Figure 2 4 is the picture 2 1 along F-F -Side cross-sectional view of the line: Figure 2 5 is a cross-sectional view of the side along the G-G > line in Figure 21: Figure 2 6 is a circuit diagram of the display device of Example 8; Figure 2 7 is The driving waveforms of Embodiment 8 of the present invention: FIG. 28 is a front view of the pixel structure of Embodiment 9: FIG. 29 is the pixel transmission circuit diagram of Embodiment 9; FIG. 30 is the driving of Embodiment 1 Waveform diagram: Fig. 31 is a diagram of the operation of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention 'Fig. 3 2 is the direction of the electric field and the orientation direction of the molecular long axis on the scorpion surface (friction Direction) 0 LC 'polarizer polarizing axis direction 0 P formed angle; Figure; Figure 3 3 is a diagram of the photoelectric characteristics of Example 1 of the present invention, which is an example of a normally closed type. Figure 34 is a diagram showing the orientation of the long axis of the molecule on the scene of the photoelectric characteristics (the rubbing direction is 0 lc dependent), which is an example of a normally closed type. [Description of Symbols] 1: Scanning electrode (gate). 2: Signal electrode (sink). 3: Pixel electrode (source). 4: Common electrode (reference voltage) ° 5: Liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal composition layer. 6: Orientation control film. 7: Substrate. This paper wave scale is applicable. China National Mou Mouth (CNS > A4 wash grid (210X297mm> -41-(please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Installed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Central Bureau of Standards, Employee Consumer Cooperatives Cooperative A7 B7 V. Description (39) 8: Polarizing plate. 9: Gate green film. 1 0: Protective film. 1 1: Color filter. 1 2: Flattening film. 1 3: Scanning electrode on the front. 1 3 a: Scan electrode after the line. 15, 15a '15b: TFT (Thin Film Transistor). 16, 16a, 16b, 16c: auxiliary capacitance element. 1 7: control circuit. 1 8: scan electrode drive circuit. 1 9: Signal electrode drive circuit. 2 0: Common electrode drive circuit. 2 1: Display area. 2 2: Amorphous Layer 2: 3: Light-shielding film (black matrix). 2 4: Demarcation line of the light-shielding film. 1 0 1: Electric field direction. 1 0 2: Direction of molecular long axis orientation on the interface (friction direction) ° 1 0 3: Polarized light The polarized light of the board passes through the axis. This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 wash grid (210X297mm) -42-(please read the precautions on the back side before filling in this page)-install.

Claims (1)

Printed by the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economy, A8 B8 C8 D8 VI. Patent application No. 83105754 Patent application amendment in Chinese application Patent scope Amendment in November 1985. 1. An active matrix LCD device Features include: a plurality of scan electrodes on one side, a plurality of signal electrodes crossing the plurality of scan electrodes, a conversion element provided at each intersection of the plurality of scan electrodes and the many signal electrodes, a pixel electrode connected to the conversion element The first substrate facing the reference electrode of the pixel electrode; the second substrate facing the first substrate; the liquid crystal composition inserted into the gap between the first substrate and the second substrate; applying a scan with a non-selective voltage of 2 or more A scanning electrode driving circuit for signals to many scanning electrodes; and a signal electrode driving circuit for supplying image signals to each signal electrode, applying a voltage between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode and supplying an electric field to the liquid crystal composition for display. 2. The device as claimed in item 1 of the patent application, wherein the reference electrode is a common electrode having a common potential in many pixels. 3. The device as claimed in item 1 of the patent scope, in which the reference electrode is connected to the scanning electrode. 4. For the device of claim 3, where the threshold VTH of the conversion element forms a bright or dark pixel electrode, the relationship between the maximum voltage VON of the reference electrode and the reference electrode can satisfy the following formula: V 5. The device of the third item of the patent application park, in which the good paper standard of the conversion element is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 public envy) (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) V > A8 B8 C8 _____ D8 printed by the Consumer Service Cooperative of the Central Department of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Economic Affairs VI. Patent application to form a bright or dark pixel electrode and a maximum voltage V〇N between the base and the bright state or The relationship between the dark state image # 胃 @ 'and the minimum voltage V 〇FF between the reference electrode can satisfy the following formula V TH> (V 〇Ν-V 〇FK) / 2. 6. The device according to item 3 of the patent application, in which the conversion elements corresponding to the scan electrodes have P-type and n-type characteristics β in each row of many scan electrodes 7. The device according to item 1 of the patent application, in which At least two conversion elements are formed in one pixel, the source or the sink of the first conversion element is connected to the signal electrode, and the source or the sink of the second conversion element is connected to the corresponding to the first conversion element and the second conversion element The scan electrode adjacent to the scan electrode of the gate electrode. 8. The device as claimed in item 7 of the patent application, wherein the second conversion element is connected to the adjacent scan electrode via a capacitance element. 9. The device of items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 of the patent application scope, in which the liquid crystal composition, rubbing direction, arrangement of polarizing plates, the distance between the substrates and the distance between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode are set So that the difference between the voltage in the bright state and the voltage in the dark state becomes 5 V or less. 10. A method for driving an active matrix liquid crystal display device. The display device includes: a plurality of scanning electrodes on one side, and a plurality of paper wave standards are applicable to the national standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210Χ297 mm) ) Fly.—Order as (please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) -2-Printed and printed by A8 B8 C8 _____D8 of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Central Bureau of Economics and Social Welfare Co., Ltd. _____D8 6. Many signals of patent application scanning electrode cross formation An electrode, a conversion element formed at each intersection of many scan electrodes and many signal electrodes, a pixel electrode connected to the conversion element, and a first substrate opposite to the reference electrode formed on the pixel electrode; opposite to the first substrate The second substrate; the liquid crystal composition inserted into the gap between the first substrate and the second substrate; the scan electrode driving circuit applying scan signals to each scan electrode; and the signal electrode driving circuit supplying image signals to each signal electrode, applying a voltage An electric field is supplied between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode to the liquid crystal composition for display, and its characteristics are: The non-selected voltage of the scan signal is 2 or more. 1 1 · As in the method of claim 10, where the non-selected voltage of the scan signal applied to the scan electrode is changed, the capacitance between the scan electrode and the pixel electrode is mainly used to change the voltage of the pixel electrode. 1 2 • The method as claimed in item 11 of the patent application scope, in which the non-selection voltage of the scan signal applied to the scan electrodes is changed in all rows with the same amplitude, the same period, and the same phase. 1 3. A driving method of an active matrix liquid crystal display device, mainly including: having many scanning electrodes on the same surface, many signal electrodes formed by crossing many scanning electrodes, formed on each of many scanning electrodes and many signal electrodes The threshold V TH at the intersection exceeds the difference between the maximum voltage vON between the pixel electrode forming the bright or dark state and the reference electrode, and the minimum voltage V OFF between the pixel electrode forming the bright or dark state and the reference electrode / 2 conversion element, connected to the pixel electrode of the conversion element and the first substrate opposite to the pixel electrode and connected to the reference electrode of the scan electrode; the second substrate opposite to the first substrate; inserted into the first substrate For the scale, use the 10 countries (CNS) 8 4 washing grid (210X297 public) ^ —1T ^ —1 (please read the $ item on the back and then fill in this page) -3-206448 A8 B8 C8 D8 The liquid crystal composition of the gap between the patent application scope board and the second substrate; the scan electrode driving circuit that applies scan signals to each scan electrode; and the supply of image signals to each signal The signal electrode driving circuit applies a voltage between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode to supply an electric field to the liquid crystal composition for display, and is characterized in that the scan electrode is applied with a non-selective 2-value alternately every frame The voltage is a scan signal held at a certain potential during the non-selection period, and an image signal is output to the signal electrode so that the voltage polarity between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode of each row is different. 14. The method as claimed in item 13 of the patent application, in which the potential difference of the non-selected voltage of two values is set equal to the maximum voltage VON * between the pixel electrode forming the bright state or dark state and the reference electrode and forming the bright state or dark The sum of the minimum voltage V 〇F · F · between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode in the state. 15. The method as claimed in item 13 of the patent application, in which the potential difference of the non-selected voltage of two values is set equal to the maximum voltage V〇N between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode forming a bright state or a dark state, and The sum of the minimum voltage V OFF between the pixel electrode in the bright state or the dark state and the reference electrode is 1/2 times the sum. 16. A method for driving an active matrix liquid crystal display device, the display device mainly includes: a plurality of scanning electrodes on one side, a plurality of signal electrodes formed by crossing the plurality of scanning electrodes, formed on a plurality of scanning electrodes and a plurality of signal electrodes Each intersection of each scan line has conversion elements with P-type and n-type characteristics in each row of many scan electrodes. The pixel electrode connected to the conversion element is applicable to the first paper size of the reference electrode connected to the scan electrode opposite to the pixel electrode. China National Rate (CNS) Α4 specification (2 丨 0Χ297mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) * 11 Printed by the Industrial and Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs-4-B8 C8 D8 VI. Application Please read the precautions before filling in the scope of the patent, and then fill out this page. 1 Substrate: Opposite the second substrate arranged on the first substrate; Liquid crystal composition inserted into the gap between the first substrate and the second substrate: Apply a scanning signal to each The scanning electrode driving circuit of the scanning electrode; and the signal electrode driving circuit supplying the image signal to each signal electrode, applying A voltage is applied between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode to supply an electric field to the liquid crystal composition for display. It is characterized in that the non-selected voltage of the scan signal applied to the scan electrode of the scan electrode having the P-type conversion transistor element is applied The non-selected voltage of the scan signal of the scan electrode having the n-type conversion transistor element, and the potential difference exceeds the maximum voltage V 〇N between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode forming a bright state or a dark state. Booked, line I. Printed by Beigong Consumer Cooperative, Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economics. 7. A driving method for an active matrix type liquid crystal display device * The display device includes: there are many scanning electrodes on one side * intersect with many scanning electrodes The many signal electrodes formed are the first conversion elements formed at the intersections of the many scan electrodes and the many signal electrodes, and the source or sink electrode is connected to the second conversion element of one of the many scan electrodes, and is connected to the conversion element Pixel electrode, and the first substrate opposite to the pixel electrode and connected to the reference electrode formed by the second conversion element; the second substrate opposite to the first substrate: a liquid crystal composition inserted into the gap between the first substrate and the second substrate Objects: a scanning electrode driving circuit that applies scanning signals to many scanning electrodes; and a signal electrode driving circuit that supplies image signals to each signal electrode, applies a voltage between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode, and supplies an electric field to the liquid crystal composition for display , Characterized in that the reference electrode is supplied from the scan electrode. 18. The method according to item 17 of the patent application scope, in which the reference electrode supplied from the scan electrode changes with the polarity of the image signal voltage. The size of private paper applies to China National Standards (CNS) Α4 specification (210Χ297mm) 5