426564 - A7 ___B7__ 五、發明說明（I ) 技術領域 本發明關於一種刀具，較佳爲切削刀具胚料，且尤其 爲軸式銑刀之胚料，爲圓柱形硬鋼的單一*桿，且桿之兩末 端具有至少實質上相同的合金組成。本發明亦關於胚料之 用途及胚料之製造。 *單一=單件製 發明背景 上述胚料係經廣泛使用的，尤其是用於製造軸式銑刀 (shaft cutter)。傳統上，藉由磨盤硏磨硬化及回火後的胚料 而製作軸式銑刀的齒。通常，銑刀之硏磨部分的長度係不 超過胚料全長的一半。其餘者，即未經硏磨的柄部，係用 於使刀具固定銑床上的夾具或其他硏磨機的刀夾中。視軸 式銑刀所要工作的種類而定，例如用於粗磨或精修，而選 擇具有硬度適合於該工作的胚料。爲了使刀具製造者能製 造一種在刀具之工作部分具有不同硬度的刀具，製造業者 必須庫存具有不同硬度的胚料。希望能夠降低庫存，且同 時不減少在每一情況中能製造一種在刀具之工作部分具有 不同硬度的刀具的可能性，反而增加該可能性。 發明之揭示 本發明之目的爲解決上述問題。依本發明某一方面， 可達成該目的，其中胚料(即桿)的第一端部係延伸經過桿 之長度的30-60%(由桿之第一端測量），其硬度係比桿之第 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --------訂--------線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用令國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 426564 * A7 _____BZ_ 五、發明說明（/ ) 二端部的硬度高1-10 HRC單位(Rockwell C硬度單位）’該 第二端部係延伸經過桿之長度的20-60%(由桿之第二端測 量），較佳25-45%。然而，較佳爲該端部都沒有延伸超過 桿之長度的一半。較佳爲在該端部之間，由第一端部之較 高的硬度至第二端部之較低的硬度，有一連續轉變硬度的 區域。高速鋼係一種適合的胚料，較佳爲一種高速鋼，其 含有以重量％ 計的：0.5-2.7 0,0.1-(?.9 1^11，0.卜0.9 8卜3-6 Cr，5-15 (Mo+W/2)，0-20 Co，總:共最大 5°/。的其他可能 存在於鋼中的合金元素，其餘爲鐵及無可避免的雜質。 在本發明製造胚料的方法中，桿之兩端係經不同的熱 處理以達成上述之硬度差異。較佳爲將第一端部硬化至 68-75HRC最好69-73HRC，而將第二端部硬化至64-71HRC最好65-69HRC。硬度的差異例如可設定在2-6HRC 單位。達成硬度的差異可在桿之回火前，以高於第二端部 之硬化溫度來硬化第一端部，上述回火係對全桿進行，俾 兩端部同時回火。例如，可浸於融熔鹽的浴中，其具有用 於端部的硬化溫度，而將第一端部加熱至第一端部的硬化 溫度，之後將其冷卻至60°C以下’然後將第二端部浸於另 一鹽浴中，此鹽浴具有欲用於第二端部的溫度’之後亦將 第二端部冷卻至溫度60°C以下，然後將全桿回火。例如， 第一端部由一高於1000°C的第一硬化溫度開始冷卻，而使 第一端部硬化，同時第二端部由一比第一硬化溫度高30-140°C的第二硬化溫度冷卻至60乞以下’之後在45〇和65〇 。(：之間的溫度使全桿回火。爲了不混淆兩端’在熱處理之 <請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) X I------訂---.1----線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 426564 A7 B7 五、發明說明（今） 前經由衝孔或其他任一種方式對一或兩端作標記。所完成 的胚料可經更進一步標記，例如經由不同顏色的標記在兩 端部，俾使用者能容易地看到那一端最硬而那一端最軟。 在硬化後，桿材基體係實質上由回火的麻田散鐵所構 成，該麻田散鐵含有10-50體積％的一或多種屬於碳化合 物'氮化物和氧化物所構成之族群的硬粒子。 本發明的胚料之形狀可爲直桿形’具有圓的橫斷面， 通常尺寸範圍爲05-50毫米。長度可爲50-330毫米，長度 最短的胚料典型上亦具有最小的直徑’反之亦然。 由所附的申請專利範圍及以下實例將明瞭本發明的其 他特徵和方面。 圖式之簡單說明 在以下實例中，將參考附圖，其中： 圖1係本發明第一實施例之胚料的側視圖； 圖2顯示硬度如何沿著胚料長度而變化； 圖3顯示由本發明之胚料所製得的軸式銑刀之例子， 其中胚料之最硬的端部係用於銳刀的工作部分； 圖4顯示由同一胚料所製得的軸式銑刀，其中胚料之 較軟的端部係用於銑刀的工作部分； 圖5係本發明第二實施例之胚料的側視圖；及 圖6顯示硬度如何沿著該第二實施例之胚料長度而變 化。 5 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公楚） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 乂---ί!訂-- ----1-- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 ^265 6 4 * A7 _B7 五、發明說明（屮） 圖式元件符號說明 1 圓桿 2 第一端部 3 第二端部 4 端 5 丄山 6 區域 7 軸式銑刀 8 軸式銑刀 9 工作部分 10 柄部 11 工作部分 12 安裝部分 1， 桿 2、 第一端 3， 第二端 6， 中央部 I I----· I--—---訂—------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 實例1 依以下方式來熱處理兩支圓桿1，012毫米及長度110 毫米，其爲已知的高速鋼，商標名稱爲ASP®2060，具有以 下重量％計的標稱組成：2.30 C，0·3 Si，0.4 Mn，7·0 Mo ，6.5 V，10.5 Co，其餘爲鐵及無可避免的雜質。將桿之第 一端2浸於溫度1180°C的鋼硬化用之熔融鹽浴中至45毫 6 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4规格（210 X 297公釐） 426564 Λ Α7 ___Β7__ 五、發明說明（< ) 米的深度，相當於桿之全長的40%。保持桿之端2浸於浴 中直到此端已經通熱爲止，其歷100秒。之後，在一分段 淬火的鹽浴中使桿冷卻至約500°c，然後讓桿在空氣中自 由地冷卻至40-60°C的溫度。使兩桿1之第二桿端3進行相 同的程序，它們浸至相同的深度，但是鹽浴的溫度爲1100 °C。然後於一分段淬火的鹽浴中使桿1再冷卻至約50(TC ，之後讓它們在空氣中自由地冷卻至60-40°C的溫度。最後 ，在560°C使全桿1回火三次，每次一小時，及在回火作 業之間以及在第三回火作業後，將桿冷卻至室溫25°C。經 由硬度測量，留意到兩桿1之第一端部2具有68HRC的硬 度，此爲沿著從端4算之40毫米長度，而第二端部3具有 約66HRC的硬度，此爲沿著從第二相反端5算之40毫米 長度。依此實例，硬度差異VHRC，換言之係約2HRC。在 二端部2、3之間的區域6中，有由第一端部2之約 68HRC至第二端部3之約66HRC的硬度轉變。圖2顯示 在末經硬化的中段具有最小的硬度。 由二支桿製造圖3所示形態的軸式銑刀8、9 〇在第一 案例中，硏磨具有硬度約68HRC的端部2，而在第二端案 例中，硏磨具有硬度約66HRC的第二端部。在兩案例中’ 未經硏磨的端部分別具有約66HRC及約68HRC的硬度’ 當將刀具安裝於銑床的夾具或其他硏磨機刀夾時’使用未 經硏磨的端部當作刀具的安裝構件。 由第一桿製造圖3所示的一用於精修加工作業之軸式 銑刀8，其中第一端部2具有約68HRC的硬度(圖1及2) 7 (請先閲讀背面之法意事項再填寫本頁) •A ---- - 訂.！11 線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 426564 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（士） 係被硏磨成一傳統工作部分i〇的形狀(圖3)，而其餘被加 工成爲刀具之柄部11°由第二桿製造一用於粗磨加工的軸 式銑刀9(圖4)。由較軟的部分3所製得的工作部分12係 具有約66HRC的硬度，而安裝部分13係由較硬的第一部 分2所製得。 實例2 依以下方式來熱處理與實例1相同形態之另二支桿1’ 。將桿Γ之第一端2’浸於溫度1180°c的鋼硬化用之熔融鹽 浴中至75毫米的深度，相當於桿之全長的68%，及相同於 實例1保持浸入100秒鐘。然後以相同於實例1之方式使 桿1’冷卻。然後以第二桿端3’進行相同之程序，即在此案 例中桿亦浸於溫度ll〇〇°c的鋼硬化用之熔融鹽浴中至75 毫米的深度，然後以相同於實例1之方式該桿再冷卻。換 言之，中央重疊部分6’係經硬化兩次，首先由較高的硬化 溫度1180°C，然後由較低的硬化溫度1100°c。最後，以相 同於實例1之方式使桿Γ回火。結果，分別在外部達成約 68HRC和66HRC的硬度，而在二硬化度之間表現更連續 轉變的中央部6’(圖6)。如實例1，可由硬化及回火的胚料 製造相同形態的軸式銑刀或其他刀具。 8 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標翠（CNS)A4規格（21〇 X 297公爱） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) bA--- -426564-A7 ___B7__ 5. Description of the invention (I) TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a tool, preferably a cutting tool blank, and in particular a shaft milling cutter blank, which is a single cylindrical rod of hard steel, and the rod Both ends have at least substantially the same alloy composition. The invention also relates to the use of blanks and the manufacture of blanks. * Single = Single Piece Background of the Invention The blanks described above are widely used, especially for the manufacture of shaft cutters. Traditionally, the teeth of a shaft milling cutter are made by honing the hardened and tempered blank with a grinding disc. Generally, the length of the honing portion of the milling cutter does not exceed half the length of the blank. The rest, the unhoned shank, are used to hold the tool in a fixture on a milling machine or in the holder of another honing machine. Depending on the type of work to be performed by the shaft milling cutter, for example for rough grinding or finishing, a blank with a hardness suitable for the job is selected. In order for a tool maker to make a tool with different hardness in the working part of the tool, the manufacturer must stock blanks with different hardness. It is desirable to be able to reduce the inventory, while not reducing the possibility of making a tool with a different hardness in the working part of the tool in each case, but increasing the possibility. Disclosure of the invention The object of the present invention is to solve the above problems. According to one aspect of the present invention, the object can be achieved, wherein the first end of the blank (that is, the rod) extends through 30-60% of the length of the rod (measured by the first end of the rod), and its hardness is greater than that of the rod. No. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) -------- Order -------- Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 426564 * A7 _____BZ_ 5. Description of the invention (/) The hardness of the two end portions is 1-10 HRC units higher (Rockwell C hardness unit). The second end portion extends through 20-60% of the length of the rod (measured from the second end of the rod), preferably 25-45%. However, it is preferred that none of the ends extend beyond half the length of the rod. It is preferable that there is an area where the hardness is continuously changed from the higher hardness of the first end portion to the lower hardness of the second end portion between the end portions. High-speed steel is a suitable blank, preferably a high-speed steel, containing 0.5-2.7 0,0.1-(?. 9 1 ^ 11, 0. bu 0.9 8 bu 3-6 Cr, 5-15 (Mo + W / 2), 0-20 Co, total: a maximum of 5 ° /. Other alloy elements that may be present in the steel, and the rest are iron and unavoidable impurities. Manufacture embryos in the present invention In the material method, the two ends of the rod are subjected to different heat treatments to achieve the aforementioned hardness difference. It is preferable to harden the first end to 68-75HRC, most preferably 69-73HRC, and harden the second end to 64- The 71HRC is preferably 65-69HRC. The difference in hardness can be set in units of 2-6HRC. The difference in hardness can be achieved by hardening the first end at a temperature higher than the hardening temperature of the second end before tempering the rod. The fire is performed on the full rod, and both ends of the 俾 are tempered at the same time. For example, it can be immersed in a bath of molten salt, which has a hardening temperature for the end, and the first end is heated to the first end. The hardening temperature, after which it is cooled below 60 ° C, and then the second end is immersed in another salt bath which has the temperature to be used for the second end, and the second The end is cooled to a temperature below 60 ° C, and then the whole rod is tempered. For example, the first end is cooled from a first hardening temperature higher than 1000 ° C, and the first end is hardened, while the second end The part is cooled by a second hardening temperature which is 30-140 ° C higher than the first hardening temperature to less than 60 ° C, and then the whole rod is tempered at 45 ° and 65 °. In order not to confuse the ends 'In the heat treatment < please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) X I ------ Order ---. 1 ---- Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 426564 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (today) Mark one or both ends by punching or any other method. The finished blank can be passed Further marking, for example, through different color markings at both ends, the user can easily see which end is the hardest and the end is the softest. After hardening, the rod-based system is essentially made of tempered Asada loose iron. Composition, the Asada loose iron contains 10-50 vol% of one or more of the carbon compounds' nitrides The hard particles of the group composed of oxides and oxides. The shape of the blank of the present invention may be a straight rod shape with a circular cross-section, usually ranging from 05-50 mm in length. The length may be 50-330 mm, with the shortest length The blanks typically also have the smallest diameter 'and vice versa. The other features and aspects of the present invention will be apparent from the scope of the attached patent application and the following examples. Brief description of the drawings In the following examples, reference will be made to the drawings, Among them: FIG. 1 is a side view of the blank of the first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 shows how the hardness changes along the length of the blank; FIG. 3 shows an example of a shaft milling cutter made from the blank of the present invention, The hardest end of the blank is used for the working part of the sharp knife; Figure 4 shows an axial milling cutter made from the same blank, and the softer end of the blank is used for the work of the milling cutter. Part; Figure 5 is a side view of the blank of the second embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 6 shows how the hardness changes along the length of the blank of the second embodiment. 5 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 cm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 乂 --- ί! Order----- 1-- Economy Printed by the Ministry of Intellectual Property Bureau's Consumer Cooperatives ^ 265 6 4 * A7 _B7 V. Description of the Invention (屮) Symbol Description of Schematic Elements 1 Round Rod 2 First End 3 Second End 4 End 5 Sheshan 6 Area 7 Axis Type milling cutter 8-axis milling cutter 9 working part 10 shank 11 working part 12 mounting part 1, rod 2, first end 3, second end 6, central part I I ---- · I ------ -Order -------- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Example of consumer cooperation by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Du printed example 1 Heat treat two round rods 1,012 mm and Length 110 mm, which is a known high-speed steel, trade name ASP®2060, with a nominal composition of the following weight percent: 2.30 C, 0.3 Si, 0.4 Mn, 7.0 Mo, 6.5 V, 10.5 Co , The rest is iron and unavoidable impurities. The first end 2 of the rod is immersed in a molten salt bath for steel hardening at a temperature of 1180 ° C to 45 millimeters. 6 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 426564 Λ Α7 ___ Β7__ 5 2. Description of the invention (<) The depth of the meter is equivalent to 40% of the total length of the rod. Keep the end 2 of the rod immersed in the bath for 100 seconds until the end has been heated. After that, the rod was cooled to about 500 ° C in a quenched salt bath, and then the rod was allowed to cool freely in the air to a temperature of 40-60 ° C. The same procedure was performed for the second rod end 3 of the two rods 1. They were immersed to the same depth, but the temperature of the salt bath was 1100 ° C. Then cool the rods 1 to about 50 ° C in a step-hardened salt bath, and then let them cool freely in the air to a temperature of 60-40 ° C. Finally, make the full rods 1 time at 560 ° C Fire three times, one hour each time, and between tempering operations and after the third tempering operation, cool the rod to room temperature 25 ° C. Through hardness measurement, notice that the first end 2 of the two rods 1 has A hardness of 68HRC, which is 40 mm along the length from end 4, and the second end 3 has a hardness of about 66HRC, which is along a 40 mm length from the second opposite end 5. According to this example, the hardness The difference VHRC, in other words, is about 2HRC. In the region 6 between the two end portions 2, 3, there is a hardness transition from about 68HRC of the first end portion 2 to about 66HRC of the second end portion 3. Fig. 2 shows at the end The hardened middle section has the smallest hardness. Shaft milling cutters 8, 9 of the shape shown in Fig. 3 are manufactured from two rods. In the first case, the honing end 2 having a hardness of about 68 HRC and at the second end In the case, the honing has a second end having a hardness of about 66 HRC. In both cases, the 'unhoned' end has a hardness of about 66 HRC and about 68 HRC, respectively. 'When the tool is mounted on a milling machine's fixture or other honing machine tool holder' Use a non-honed end as the tool's mounting member. The first rod is shown in Figure 3 for finishing operations Shaft type milling cutter 8, in which the first end portion 2 has a hardness of about 68HRC (Figures 1 and 2) 7 (Please read the legal matters on the back before filling this page) • A -----Order. 11 Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau's Consumer Cooperatives of the Ministry of Online Economics This paper is printed to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 426564 A7 B7 Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau's Consumer Cooperatives of the Ministry of Economic Affairs It is honing into the shape of a traditional working part i0 (Fig. 3), and the rest is machined into a shank 11 ° of the tool. A shaft milling cutter 9 (Fig. 4) for rough grinding is produced by the second rod. The working part 12 made of the softer part 3 has a hardness of about 66 HRC, and the mounting part 13 is made of the harder first part 2. Example 2 Heat treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 in the following manner. Two rods 1 '. The first end 2' of rod Γ is immersed in steel hardened at a temperature of 1180 ° c To a depth of 75 mm in the molten salt bath, corresponding to 68% of the total length of the rod, and kept immersed for 100 seconds as in Example 1. Then, the rod 1 'was cooled in the same manner as in Example 1. Then a second rod was cooled. The same procedure is performed at the end 3 ', that is, in this case, the rod is immersed in a molten salt bath for steel hardening at a temperature of 100 ° C to a depth of 75 mm, and then the rod is cooled again in the same manner as in Example 1. In other words, the central overlap 6 'is hardened twice, first by a higher hardening temperature of 1180 ° C, and then by a lower hardening temperature of 1100 ° c. Finally, the rod Γ was tempered in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, hardnesses of approximately 68 HRC and 66 HRC were achieved externally, respectively, and the central portion 6 'showing a more continuous transition between the two hardening degrees (Fig. 6). As in Example 1, a shaft milling cutter or other cutter of the same shape can be manufactured from hardened and tempered blanks. 8 This paper size applies to China National Standard Cui (CNS) A4 (21〇 X 297 public love) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) bA ----
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