4344 0 8&J A7 B7 五、發明説明（/ ) 發明領域 本發明關於一種電參數之類比式測量及顯示儀器， 其t 一電致變色介質（ECM)同時作為該參數之測董及 顯示。 5 發明背景 要顯示並測量電參數有兩種類型儀器可供使用》在 第一型中，電參數之測董係以一電流之測董為基礎。其 以機械方式顢示。電流計為一種具有機械式顯示之典型 10 測量儀器。在電流計中，一流有電流之線圈受一永久磁 鐵磁場内之勞僉茲力（Lorentz force)偏轉β —舆该 線圈牢固連接之指針以線圈内電流之函數跨移測量表 尺•此種機電測量及顯示儀器之構造複雜且並不十分耐 用》此外，其機械零件持續受到磨損。 15 較為新型之測量儀器以一運算放大器用電子方式測 董電參數》運算放大器之輸出電魘經由一類比/數位轉 換器處理顳示於一習知液晶顢示器上β在此類較新型測 量儀器中，測董單元舆顯示單元二者為分離》因而使其 構造複雜化。 20 發明概要 本發明之一宗旨在於發展一種測董儀器之設計概 念’其不僅無磨損地運作且有一簡單構造結合測董及期 不機能。 25 一種電致變色巢室（EC cell)包含兩電極，電極 本紙張尺度適用中國國家樣率（CNS ) A4现格（210 X 297公釐） (请先閱讀背面之注意事項 ΐ 斧本頁) 7"訂- 經濟部中央樣準局員工消费合作社印製 經濟部中央標率局員工消費合作杜印製 43440 8鵪 A7 --— B7 五、發明説明（7) W有電致變色介質》在一夠高電壓施與該電極時，一電 流在該電極間流過且使該電致變色介質產生顱色❶此為 電致變色效應（ECE)。一耄致變色巢室之電流-電壓曲 線為S形（圖1)»在一特定電魘即開關電位（us*)以 5 下’電致變色巢室内無電流流通且不發生電致變色效 應。超出開關電位以上，電流因自電極移轉至電致變色 介質之電荷增加而增加並獲得電致變色效應·當達到飽 和電位（usat)時，電流變為一飽和電流（lsat)，其即 使在電位進一步增加時亦維持恆定。電致變色巢室在飩 10 和電位達到其最大色彩強度。 本發明以結合電致變色介質在沿至少一電極表面有 一電位落差時之開關行為之概念為基礎，此時能讀出電 致變色巢室内達到開關電位且電致變色介質變為有色之 點作為所施電位之琍量值· 15 因此本發明提出一種電參數之類比式測量及類示儀 器’其包含一電致變色巢室，一耄致變色介質在該巢室 内介於兩電極間，其中至少有一f極為至少局部透明且 至少有一電極有一有限表面電阻。該電極之底座a域以 一短轴及一長轴描述。該底座匾域較佳為矩形。該底座 20 區域亦可為馬蹄形。在底座匾域馬馬蹄形之倩況中，該 短軸與該長輛描述縱橫比。有一有限表面電阻之電極其 對應於短轴之侧之間之電租較佳為10至200000歐姆。 測董信號之一極施舆對應於該有一有限表面電阻之 電極短軸之側邊*另一極施與對應於該有一有限表面電 25 组織電極短轴之另一側或是對應於另一電極短轴之另一 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2丨0X297公釐} (請先閲讀背面之注意事項本頁) "1 、va 經濟部中央樣準局貝工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（多） 側β若測量信號之兩任均施舆該有一有限表面電阻之電 極，該電極在對應於短軸之一側上舆對應於另一電極短 轴之一側電連接β若測量信號之兩極係施舆對應於不同 電極短轴之側邊，該電極會相互隔絕或是電連接於其對 5 應於短軸之側邊。舉例來說，電極問之電連接亦能包含 因定或可變電租或非線性组件β 兩電桎之表面電阻可為相同亦可為不同。明確地 說，能有一電極具有金屬導電率· 進一步之電子组件如固定或可變電阻或二極艘能插 10 入測董信號之極舆備有有限表面電阻之電極間之連接 内·用以將t極接入一電路之组件得為獨立组件。然而 组件，特別是電阻，亦能規劃為導電層内之積逋結構或 是作為兩電極區域間之導鬈性間隔物〇此種備有额外霓 子组件之電極連接能用以固定測量範面。 15 信號藉由兩電極間在長軸方命内因至少一電極之有 限表面電阻造成之電位差變化測得。 舉例來說，適用於電致變色巢室之電致變色介質揭 示於美苗專利第3451741號，歐洲專利第2402.26號， 世界專利W0第97/301434號及第97/30135號*依據本 20 發明為較佳之電致變色液《揭示於德國專利申請索第 19605441號，19621865號及19631729號。該較佳電致 變色介質提供一種在可見範園内之強力電致變色吸收變 化且有一高度可逆性。 電致變色介質得為液體，凝膠或固艎。較佳為液避 25 或凝縢》 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揉率（CNS > A4規格（210X297公釐） {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再^爲本頁) 訂 4344 08^ a? Β7 五、發明説明（绰） 其包含一種或多種電致變色物質，視情況至少有一 為溶劑，視情況至少有一為紫外線吸收#|，祝情況至少 有一為鹽類以增加導電率，且視情況至少有一為增稠 m · 5 適當電致變色物質為成對之氧化還原物質，其中有 —為可還原且另一為可氡化。明球地說，兩者均為無色 或僅有淺薄顏色。在對電致變色巢室施加一電壓後，有 一物質還原且另一物質氧化，其t至少有一者變為有 色。在電壓關閉後，再次構成兩種原有之氧化還原物質 10 且該電致變色巢室變為無色0 REDX +OX2 +RED2 (無色） （有色） (低能量對）（高能量對） 經濟部中央樣準f工消費合作社印装 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再输寫本頁) 在適當之氧化還原物質瓣中，其中可還原物質在循 15 環電勢位分析圖（voltanmograa) ψ具有至少二可逆化 學還原作用波形且可氡化物質對應地具有至少二可逆化 學氧化作用波形，此種氡化還原物質對揭示於美國專利 第4902108號。世界專利W0第97/30134號中揭示氧化 還原系统’其中REDi和0X2及ΟΧι和RED2經由一橋鍵B 20 相互共價键結*此種物質同樣適用。同樣適用之氧化還 原系统中’ RED和0X間之可逆轉變或反之亦然伴隨著 一σ鍵之破裂或形成β此種物質舉例來說可自世界專利 W0第97/30135號中得知。為本發明之故，處於至少二 氧化級之金屬轚或是金屬複II亦屬適用。該二氧化級以 25 一氡化步称有利地區分。同樣通用者為包含至少一前述 本紙張尺度逍用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印装 A7 B7 五、發明説明（孓） 氡化還原系統或者是前文定義氧化還原系統對之低聚合 物及聚合物Λ前述物質之滬合物亦屬適用，但是該澡合 物内必須包含至少一可還原及至少一可氧化之氧化還原 系統。適當之溶劑，鹽類’紫外線吸收劑及增稠劑均屬 5 巳知β 此種電致變色液饉之開關電靨通常為0.2至3伏 特，特別是0. 3至1. 5伏特。 電致變色介質嫵夠自熄（self-distinguishing)。 電致變色巢室在所施電位降至開關電位以下之同時因電 10 致變色介質之離子重新组合而再次去色。若是利用電致 變色介質之自熄，則能夠獲得具有高對比顢示及長使用 壽命之測量及顯示儀器。 若電致變色介質不會自熄，有必要施舆一反電位以 逆反應電致變色效應。當使用不自熄之電致變色介質 15 時，所顯示内容會在測量後維持到施與一反電位使其熄 滅為止。 若電致變色介質為液艎或低粘度之凝膠，則電極有 利地囿定於一支撐用固«或可撓曲材料（基艟然後 至少有一基髏包含一光線可穿透材料，例如玻璃或是如 2〇 聚碳酸酯或甲基丙烯酸甲醆（PMMA)等之塑膠❶該基髏 提供於側邊舆電致變色介質接觸，備有一導電性光線可 穿透層如銦-踢氧化物（ITO)，一導電性聚合物如聚乙 烯二氧基塞吩（PEDT)，或是任何其他導電性光線可穿 透廣"此種導電性光線可穿透層觝有每平方1至1〇000 25 歐姆之特殊表面電阻。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準（CNS >A4規格（210X297公董） (請先閲讀背面之注^^項再^¾本頁〕 :^¾ * 4P344 08v^ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 A7 B7五、發明説明（) ~" ----- 第二電極能建構為與第一電極相同β然而其亦 能包含一金屬板或一導電層施與一基體，其中該層 具有反射性特質。在此個案中，該基體並非必須具 備光線可穿透特質。然而該反射性特質亦可藉由在 5 不面對電致變色介質且備有一反射性基體如金屬之 侧塗佈該光線可穿透基體而達成。 若電致變色介質為固體，例如為一種電致變色 聚合物，則僅有一電極必須包含一支撐基體。在此 個案中另一電極能僅包含一導電層，例如一導電性 10 聚合物薄膜或是一蒸氣澱積金屬層。兩電極其中之 一必須為光線可穿透。 若是數字或符號或字母，特別是關於測量值内 容者能出現於顯示場内使肉眼可見則達到較好之顯 示機能。此事可藉由電極之適當結構規劃或是當該 15 導電塗層為透明時打印在基體表面上，或是打印在 導電塗層本身上達成。 電致變色巢室亦能分隔成許多組件；其較佳以 較長軸之方向分隔成段。此分隔使顯示之特徵曲線 更形起伏且因而增加測量準確度，因為電荷載體在 20 巢室縱向軸内擴散之能力受到限制。若具有有限表 面電阻之電極之導電率確實在隔間間之邊界變化， 藉由沿其縱向轴調變其導電率能得到更為敏銳之解 析度。 本發明之測量及顯示儀器具有簡單結構。其大 25 致能作成任何幾何形狀且結合測董及顯示機能。本 8 本紙張尺度逋用中國圃家標準（CNS > Α4規格（210Χ297公羡） (請先閱讀背面之注意· 11----i.----------J------^—訂 ^—-----f , I--— hl·—.___ --^ J-- 事項寫本頁) 7 ¢344 08 * A7 B7 五、發明説明（）） 發明之測量及顯示儀器能用以測量直流電麈或是將 交液電魘整流後得到之脈衝直流電壓•其測量範面 較佳在開闢電位舆三倍飽和電位之間。若要測董此 範園外之雹位，必須將該I位修改為在此測量範面 内’可能藉由一外接變壓器將其降壓。測董及顧示 範園之配合有利地藉由校準及倍增器電阻達成· 因此該儀器適於顯示電池電壓，電力供應器電 魘，视情沉變廑後亦能綮示任何轉變為耄壓信珑之 參數* 下文中以所附圖式及實例說明本發明，圈式中： 圈1顯示一電致變色巢室蜊量之電流-t懕曲 5 10 線 圈2顯示本發明測量及顯示儀器之第一實施 請 先 閱 讀 背 面 之 ί主 意 事 項 ίί 例 15 圈3顯示本發明測董及顯示儀器之第二實施 例 圈4顢示本發明測董及顢示儀器之第三實施 例 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 20 25 圈5顯示一種可用於電池測轼器之導電層舆印 刷符號之結構結合。 圈6顯示一種電致變色巢室電桎，該電極之幾 何形狀儐有一中問胰部。 發明烊細說明 圈1顯示一種兩電極閟電致變色液艘之典型特 本紙張尺度適用中鬮國家揉準（CNS ) Α4规格（210X297公釐） 434408^ 五、發明説明（分） 徵曲線。當電位ϋ增加時’在達到開關電位前， 原先並沒有重流流通。在開顛電位處，重流增加。 在飽和電位處，違到飽和電流Isat。超出飽和電流 以上’即使電位更為增加電流仍保持恆定。 5 ' t 例.1 經濟部中央標準局—工消费合作社印笨 圈2顯示一種依據本發明之測量及顯示儀器， 其有兩個透明聚破酸酯板1和2，其内側面對一鈿― 錢氧化物層3和4。該兩板速同周園電絕緣骨架5 10 構成一巢室6,電致變色介質位在該巢室内。舉例 來說’該巢室對應於長轴（圈式所示剖面方向）之 側邊長度舆對應於短轴（垂直於圖式平面）之側邊 長度之此率為3比1。每一個案中銦-錫氧化物層在 巢室縱向方向内之之電阻為3〇〇歐姆。該銦-錫氧化 15 物層突出巢室之外之窄邊具有金屬接觸件7和8， 其經由一倍增器電阻9連接至一電魘源ι〇β該倍增 器電阻之電阻量挑選為電壓源内電阻及電壓之函 數’使電極3和4之間在巢室中間部位附近縱向方 向（箭頭Π)内之電位相當於開關電位USTe箭頭 20 之左之電位’因銦-錫氧化物層之欧姆阻力之故，高 於開關電壓’同時箭頭11之右之電位較低。因此， 該巢室到箭頭11為止呈現濃色（陰影區域），且在 箭頭11之右為無色。該測董儀器之測董範面為可能 測董值之80至125¾，藉由挑選倍增器電阻9調整 25 為50%之色彩绝和度· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格< 210 X297公釐） 4巧在4 Q 8费 五、發明説明（ A7 B7 5 10 15 實例2 在圈3所7F本發明另一種實施例中，一透明玻 璃板101備有一銦-餳氧化物簷103,其在巢室縱向 方向内之電阻舉例來說為500歐姆。此實例中之另 一板102有一金屬塗層104,該塗層之電阻可以忽 略。然而原則上來說，該塗層亦可為任何導電性塗 層；其僅需具備較銦-錫氡化物層103高之導電率》 t極之一窄側為短路（112)·巢室106由有塗層板 101和102及用团電絕緣骨架105構成· 施加於電子接觸件107和108間之受測電位沿 銦-鍚氧化物層103減少。在相關於金屬反電極1〇4 之電位大於黧致變色介質開關t位，例如〇, 8伏特 之區域中，飽和電流Iset在電極103和104間流通， 使此部份之巢室呈現濃色（圖中險影區域）。若最可 能測董值藉由倍增器電阻109校準為約在巢室中間 (箭頭111)’若測董範面限制在巢室縱兩範疇之20X 至70¾，則測量範圍為該最可能測量值之50¾至 Π0Χ。 褚 先 聞 之 注 t ii 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 20 25 實例 在圈4所示本發明另一種實施例中，一透明板 210備有一銦-錫氧化物層203，其在巢室縱向方向 内之電阻舉例來說為200歐姆。另一板202有一金 屬塗層204，該塗層之電阻可以忽略❶該有塗層板 11 本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準（CNS ) A4規格（21〇Χ297公釐） 4^44 08^ A， A7 B7 一丨 ____ 五、發明説明（ίσ) 經由具有有限導t率之間隔物205和206於窄側電 連接•該速接之電阻各為400歐姆。 該銦-錫氧化物層突出巢室之外之帘側具有金屬 接觸件207和208，一電壓源209舆該接觸件迷接》 5 具有金屬塗層204之板202僅舆一金屬接觸件連接》 此外，巢室210由有塗層板201和202及在長側上 之電絕緣壁構成•可略去外接倍增器電阻。 所施電位沿205和206及電極201減少.在此 實例中，減少之電位比為2比1比2(400/200/400 10 歐姆）。若一蓄電池，例如一種具有典型1. 5伏特電 歷之標準圓電池直接與接觸件連接，沿該透明板塗 層之笔位為0.9至0.6伏特。在具有金屬塗層之板 上，其電位一律為0伏特。巢室在電致變色介質開 關t位如0. 6伏特時整個粟室充滿顏色❶若該蓄電 15 池巳經過放t，蓄電池電壓典型為1.0伏特。此時 沿透明板塗層之電位僅為0.6至0.4伏特且該巢室 仍為無色。 實例4 2〇 藉由规劃電極結構能做到特殊測量及顯示機 能。圈6顯示一種在中間具有腰部之電極幾何形狀》 該媵部導致該電極電阻之局部增加並擴大可測範 面•此種顯示特別能用以自一最可能測董值（特定 值）擴大偏差*改變銦-鍚氧化物層之電阻亦能達到 25 相同效果，其中銦-錫氧化物層電阻之局部增加使可 12 本紙張尺度逋用中國S家標準（CNS ) Μ規格（2丨OX297公釐} 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 434408^ A7 _____B7_ 五、發明説明（（丨） 測範園擴大，且銦-錫氧化物層電阻之局部減小使可 測範園縮小β 實例5 5 對顯示機能而言，符號能直接加於巢室上。該 符號可為印在真實顯示之旁，或是直接加在一透明 電極兩側或一反射性電極之内測〃視符號顏色及所 加符號位置而定，該符號可能是永遠可見或有時可 見或者甚至在巢室有色時無法看見。一般而言，印 10 在電極上之符號在無電流（未著色）狀態下較有電 流（有色）狀態下易於看見。 符號亦可藉由導電層之精細結構規金丨而使其成 為可見《去除符號形式之層（負式）或是自導電層 構成一符號（正式）均屬可行•在第一種個案中， 15 缺少導電層之位置並未著色且出現一光符號（未著 色）。其在無電流狀態中不會見到任何符號。在第二 種個索中，僅有符號所在之處變為有色，而巢室之 剩餘部分保持未著色》 該導電層結構规劃能舆印上之符號結合。 20 圖5顯示一種依據本發明測量及顧示儀器，其 舉例來說適於測試電池•為簡化之故，在此實例中 僅出現不良態（BAD)及良態（GOOD)»文字BAD (3) 印在下部，在此個案中為反射性導電層上，且在無 電流狀態下永遠可見。因此，不提供電壓或是僅提 25 供低於電致變色介質開關電位電魘之缺乏放電狀態 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再^¾:本頁)4344 0 8 & J A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (/) Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an analog measurement and display instrument for electrical parameters, in which an electrochromic medium (ECM) is simultaneously used as the measurement and display of the parameter. 5 Background of the Invention There are two types of instruments available for displaying and measuring electrical parameters. In the first type, the measurement of electrical parameters is based on the measurement of a current. It is shown mechanically. A galvanometer is a typical 10 measuring instrument with a mechanical display. In a galvanometer, a first-class coil with current is deflected by a Lorentz force in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet. Β — The pointer firmly connected to the coil spans the measuring ruler as a function of the current in the coil. • This type of electromechanical measurement The structure of the display device is complicated and not very durable. In addition, its mechanical parts are continuously subject to wear and tear. 15 A newer measuring instrument uses an operational amplifier to electronically measure electrical parameters. The output voltage of the operational amplifier is processed by an analog / digital converter. It is shown on a conventional LCD display. In this newer measurement, In the instrument, the measurement unit and the display unit are separated, which complicates the structure. 20 Summary of the Invention One of the purposes of the present invention is to develop a design concept of a measuring instrument, which not only operates without wear, but also has a simple structure combined with measuring instrument performance. 25 An electrochromic cell (EC cell) contains two electrodes. The paper size of the electrode is applicable to China National Sample Rate (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (please read the precautions on the back first). 7 " Order-Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Procurement Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Printed by the Central Consumers Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Printed by DuPont 43440 8 Qua A7 --- B7 V. Description of the Invention (7) W Electrochromic Media When a sufficiently high voltage is applied to the electrode, a current flows between the electrodes and causes the electrochromic medium to produce a cranial color. This is the electrochromic effect (ECE). The current-voltage curve of an electrochromic cell is S-shaped (Figure 1) »There is no current flowing in the electrochromic cell and the electrochromic effect does not occur in a specific cell, that is, the switching potential (us *) is 5 times. . Above the switching potential, the current increases due to the increase in charge transferred from the electrode to the electrochromic medium and obtains the electrochromic effect. When the saturation potential (usat) is reached, the current becomes a saturation current (lsat). When the potential is further increased, it remains constant. The electrochromic cell reaches its maximum color intensity at 饨 10 and potential. The invention is based on the concept of combining the switching behavior of an electrochromic medium when there is a potential drop along the surface of at least one electrode. At this time, the point at which the switching potential is reached in the electrochromic nest and the electrochromic medium becomes colored can be read as the point The magnitude of the applied potential · 15 Therefore, the present invention proposes an analog measuring and indicating device for electrical parameters, which includes an electrochromic cell, and an electrochromic medium is interposed between two electrodes in the cell, where At least one f is extremely at least partially transparent and at least one electrode has a finite surface resistance. The base a field of the electrode is described by a short axis and a long axis. The base plaque field is preferably rectangular. The area of the base 20 can also be horseshoe shaped. In the horse-shoe-shaped condition of the base plaque field, the short axis and the long vehicle describe the aspect ratio. An electrode having a finite surface resistance whose electric rent between the sides corresponding to the short axis is preferably 10 to 200,000 ohms. One pole of the test signal corresponds to the side of the short axis of the electrode with a finite surface resistance. The other pole corresponds to the other side of the short axis of the electrode with a limited surface electrical tissue. The other paper size of the short axis of one electrode applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 0X297 mm) (please read the precautions on the back page first) " 1. Printed by the consumer cooperative A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (multi) Side β If both of the measurement signals are applied, an electrode with a finite surface resistance should be used. The electrode on the side corresponding to one of the short axes corresponds to the other electrode. If the two poles of the measurement signal correspond to the sides of the short axis of different electrodes, the electrodes will be isolated from each other or electrically connected to the side of the axis corresponding to the short axis. For example, The electrical connection of the electrodes can also include indeterminate or variable electrical or non-linear components. The surface resistance of the two electrodes can be the same or different. Specifically, there can be an electrode with metal conductivity. Further electronic components Such as fixed or variable resistor or The pole boat can be inserted into the connection between the electrode of the test signal and the electrode with limited surface resistance. The component used to connect the t pole to a circuit must be an independent component. However, the component, especially the resistor, can also be planned. It is a built-up structure in the conductive layer or a conductive spacer between the two electrode areas. This kind of electrode connection with additional neon components can be used to fix the measurement surface. 15 The signal is long between the two electrodes. The change in potential difference due to the finite surface resistance of at least one electrode in the axial life is measured. For example, an electrochromic medium suitable for an electrochromic cell is disclosed in US Miao Patent No. 3451741, European Patent No. 2402.26, World Patent W0 Nos. 97/301434 and 97/30135 * Electrochromic liquids which are better according to the invention of the present invention are disclosed in German Patent Application Nos. 19605441, 19621865 and 19631729. The preferred electrochromic medium provides a It can be seen that the strong electrochromic absorption changes in the fan garden and has a high reversibility. The electrochromic medium must be a liquid, gel or solid. It is preferably liquid avoidance 25 or solidifying. Using China's national kneading rate (CNS > A4 size (210X297mm) {Please read the notes on the back before ^ for this page) Order 4344 08 ^ a? Β7 5. Description of the invention (Chuo) It contains one or more kinds of electricity At least one of the color-changing substances is a solvent, and at least one of them is ultraviolet absorption # |, and at least one of them is a salt to increase the conductivity, and at least one of them is a thickening m. 5 suitable electrochromic substance is Pairs of redox materials, one of which is reducible and the other is convertible. Brightly speaking, both are colorless or have only a light color. After applying a voltage to the electrochromic cell, one A substance is reduced and another substance is oxidized, at least one of its t becomes colored. After the voltage is turned off, two original redox substances 10 are formed again and the electrochromic cell becomes colorless. 0 REDX + OX2 + RED2 (colorless) (colored) (low energy pair) (high energy pair) Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Central Prototype Consumer Cooperative (please read the precautions on the back before entering this page) In the appropriate redox material flap, the reducible material is analyzed by 15-cycle potential potential analysis chart (voltanmograa) ψ has at least The two reversible chemical reduction waveforms and the tritiable substance have correspondingly at least two reversible chemical oxidation waveforms. Such a pair of tritiated reducing substances is disclosed in US Patent No. 4,902,108. World Patent WO No. 97/30134 discloses a redox system 'in which REDi and 0X2 and 0xι and RED2 are covalently bonded to each other via a bridge B 20 * This substance is also applicable. In the same applicable redox system, the reversible transition between 'RED and 0X or vice versa is accompanied by the rupture of a sigma bond or the formation of β. Such a substance can be known, for example, from World Patent No. 97/30135. For the purposes of the present invention, metal rhenium or metal complex II at least at the dioxide level is also suitable. This level of oxidation is said to be distinguished in 25 steps. The same is generally used to include at least one of the aforementioned Chinese paper standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm), printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (孓) 氡 reduction system or The aforementioned definition of redox system is also applicable to oligomeric polymers and polymers of the aforementioned substances, but the bath composition must contain at least one reducible and at least one oxidizable redox system. Appropriate solvents, salts ' UV absorbers and thickeners are 5 巳 知 β The switching power of this electrochromic liquid is usually 0.2 to 3 volts, especially 0.3 to 1.5 volts. Electrochromic media is not self-distinguishing enough. The electrochromic cell decolors again due to the recombination of the ions of the electrochromic medium while the applied potential drops below the switching potential. If the self-extinguishing of the electrochromic medium is used, a measurement and display instrument with high contrast indication and long service life can be obtained. If the electrochromic medium does not self-extinguish, it is necessary to apply an inverse potential to reverse the electrochromic effect. When non-self-extinguishing electrochromic medium 15 is used, the displayed content will be maintained after measurement until a reverse potential is applied to make it go out. If the electrochromic medium is a liquid gel or a low-viscosity gel, the electrode is advantageously fixed to a supporting solid or flexible material (based on at least one base frame containing a light-transmissive material such as glass Or plastic such as 20 polycarbonate or methyl methacrylate (PMMA). The base is provided in contact with the electrochromic medium on the side. A conductive light penetrating layer such as indium-kill oxide is provided. (ITO), a conductive polymer such as polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDT), or any other conductive light penetrable " This conductive light penetrable layer has 1 to 1 per square 〇000 25 ohm special surface resistance. This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS > A4 size (210X297)) (Please read the note on the back ^^ item first ^^ this page]: ^ ¾ * 4P344 08v ^ Printed by A7, B7, Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention () ~--The second electrode can be constructed the same as the first electrode. However, it can also include a metal plate or a conductive A layer is applied to a substrate, where the layer has a reflective character. In this case The substrate does not necessarily have a light penetrable property. However, the reflective property can also be achieved by coating the light penetrable substrate on a side that does not face the electrochromic medium and is provided with a reflective substrate such as a metal. If the electrochromic medium is a solid, such as an electrochromic polymer, only one electrode must include a support matrix. In this case, the other electrode can only include a conductive layer, such as a conductive 10 polymer film or It is a vapor-deposited metal layer. One of the two electrodes must be transparent to light. If the number or symbol or letter, especially the content of the measured value can appear in the display field to make it visible to the naked eye, it will achieve a better display function. This can be achieved by proper structural planning of the electrodes or by printing on the surface of the substrate when the 15 conductive coating is transparent, or by printing on the conductive coating itself. The electrochromic cell can also be divided into many components; It is preferably divided into segments in the direction of the longer axis. This separation makes the displayed characteristic curve more undulating and thus increases the measurement accuracy because the charge carrier is at 20 The ability of the chamber to diffuse within the longitudinal axis is limited. If the conductivity of an electrode with a finite surface resistance does change at the boundary of the compartment, a sharper resolution can be obtained by adjusting its conductivity along its longitudinal axis. The invented measuring and display instrument has a simple structure. Its large size enables it to be made into any geometric shape and combines measurement and display functions. The 8 paper sizes are in accordance with Chinese standards (CNS > Α4 specifications (210 × 297 public envy)) ( Please read the note on the back first. 11 ---- i .---------- J ------ ^ — Order ^ —----- f, I --— hl · — .___-^ J-- Matters written on this page) 7 ¢ 344 08 * A7 B7 V. Description of the invention ()) The invention's measuring and display instrument can be used to measure direct current electricity or to rectify AC liquid electricity electricity Pulsed DC voltage • Its measurement range is preferably between three times the saturation potential. In order to measure the hail level outside this range, it is necessary to modify the I position to be within this measurement range, which may be reduced by an external transformer. The cooperation between the test director and Gu Demonstration Park is advantageously achieved by calibration and multiplier resistance. Therefore, the instrument is suitable for displaying battery voltage, power supply voltage, and can also show any change to high voltage when the situation changes. Long parameters * The following illustrates the invention with the attached drawings and examples. In the circle formula: Circle 1 displays the current of an electrochromic nest clam volume-t 懕 5 10 Coil 2 shows the measurement and display instrument of the invention For the first implementation, please read the idea on the back. Example 15 Circle 3 shows the second embodiment of the measuring instrument and display instrument of the present invention. Circle 4 shows the third embodiment of the measuring instrument and display instrument of the present invention. Printed by the Bureau Shell Consumer Cooperative 20 25 Circle 5 shows a structural combination of printed symbols that can be used on the conductive layer of a battery tester. Circle 6 shows an electrochromic nest cell, the geometry of the electrode has a central pancreas. Detailed description of the invention Circle 1 shows a typical characteristic of a two-electrode electrochromic liquid vessel. The paper size is applicable to the Central and South China Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 434408 ^ 5. Description of the invention (points) characteristic curve. When the potential ϋ increases', there is no recurrent flow until the switching potential is reached. At the open potential, the reflow increases. At the saturation potential, the saturation current Isat is violated. Above the saturation current ', the current remains constant even if the potential increases further. 5 't Example. 1 The Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs-Industrial and Consumer Cooperatives Co., Ltd. Yinbenhuan 2 shows a measuring and displaying instrument according to the present invention, which has two transparent polyester plates 1 and 2 with its inner side facing a stack of ― Money oxide layers 3 and 4. The two plates have the same speed as Zhou Yuan's electrical insulation framework 5 10 to form a nest chamber 6, and the electrochromic medium is located in the nest chamber. For example, the side length of the cell corresponding to the long axis (the cross-sectional direction shown by the circle) is 3 to 1 corresponding to the length of the side of the short axis (perpendicular to the plane of the figure). The resistance of the indium-tin oxide layer in the longitudinal direction of the cell in each case was 300 ohms. The indium-tin oxide layer has metal contacts 7 and 8 on the narrow side protruding out of the cell, which is connected to an electrical source via a multiplier resistor 9 and the resistance of the multiplier resistor is selected as the voltage The function of the resistance and voltage in the source 'makes the potential between electrodes 3 and 4 in the longitudinal direction (arrow Π) near the middle of the cell equal to the potential on the left of the switching potential USTe arrow 20' due to the ohmicity of the indium-tin oxide layer The resistance is higher than the switching voltage and the potential to the right of the arrow 11 is lower. Therefore, the cell appears dark until the arrow 11 (shaded area), and is colorless to the right of the arrow 11. The measurement range of this measurement instrument is 80 to 125¾ of the possible measurement value. By selecting the multiplier resistance 9 to adjust 25 to 50% of the color insulation degree. · This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications & lt 210 X297 mm) 4 in 4 Q 8 Fifth, the description of the invention (A7 B7 5 10 15 Example 2 In the third embodiment of the 7F of the present invention, a transparent glass plate 101 is provided with an indium-sugar oxide The eaves 103 have a resistance of 500 ohms in the longitudinal direction of the cell. For example, the other plate 102 in this example has a metal coating 104, and the resistance of the coating can be ignored. However, in principle, the coating also It can be any conductive coating; it only needs to have higher conductivity than the indium-tin halide compound layer 103. One of the t poles is short-circuited on the narrow side (112). The cell 106 is coated with coated plates 101 and 102. The group of electrically insulating skeleton 105 constitutes that the measured potential applied between the electronic contacts 107 and 108 decreases along the indium-rhenium oxide layer 103. At the potential associated with the metal counter electrode 104 is greater than the t-position of the electrochromic medium switch, For example, in a region of 0.8 volts, a saturation current Iset flows between the electrodes 103 and 104, so that The color of the nest chamber is dark (the shaded area in the picture). If the most likely value is calibrated by the multiplier resistor 109 to be about the middle of the nest (arrow 111) If the range is 20X to 70¾, the measurement range is 50¾ to Π0χ of the most probable measurement value. Chu Xianwen's note t ii Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 20 25 Example is shown in another embodiment of the present invention shown in circle 4 A transparent plate 210 is provided with an indium-tin oxide layer 203, whose resistance in the longitudinal direction of the cell is, for example, 200 ohms. The other plate 202 has a metal coating 204, and the resistance of the coating can be ignored Coated board 11 This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇 × 297mm) 4 ^ 44 08 ^ A, A7 B7 A 丨 ____ 5. Description of the invention (ίσ) The spacers 205 and 206 are electrically connected on the narrow side. The resistance of this quick connection is 400 ohms each. The indium-tin oxide layer protrudes outside the cell and has metal contacts 207 and 208 on the curtain side. A voltage source 209 The contact piece is fascinated "5 Plate 202 with metal coating 204 only A metal contact connection》 In addition, the cell 210 is composed of coated plates 201 and 202 and an electrically insulating wall on the long side. The external multiplier resistance can be omitted. The applied potential is reduced along 205 and 206 and the electrode 201. In this example, the reduced potential ratio is 2 to 1 to 2 (400/200/400 10 ohms). If a battery, such as a standard round battery with a typical 1.5 volt calendar, is directly connected to the contacts, along The pen position of the transparent plate coating is 0.9 to 0.6 volts. On plates with a metal coating, the potential is always 0 volts. When the cell is at the t-position of the electrochromic medium switch, such as 0.6 volts, the entire millet chamber is full of color. If the battery is stored in 15 cells, the battery voltage is typically 1.0 volts. At this time, the potential along the transparent plate coating was only 0.6 to 0.4 volts and the cell was still colorless. Example 4 20 Special planning and display functions can be achieved by planning the electrode structure. Circle 6 shows an electrode geometry with a waist in the middle. "The crotch causes a local increase in the resistance of the electrode and expands the measurable area. This display is particularly useful for expanding the deviation from the most likely measured value (specific value). * Changing the resistance of the indium-rhenium oxide layer can also achieve the same effect. The local increase of the resistance of the indium-tin oxide layer makes it possible to use 12 Chinese paper standards (CNS) M specifications (2 丨 OX297). } Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 434408 ^ A7 _____B7_ V. Description of the Invention ((丨) The test range is expanded, and the local decrease in the resistance of the indium-tin oxide layer makes the test range smaller. 5 For the display function, the symbol can be directly added to the nest. The symbol can be printed next to the actual display, or directly added to the sides of a transparent electrode or a reflective electrode to test the color of the contempt symbol and Depending on the position of the added symbol, the symbol may be always visible or sometimes visible or even invisible when the cell is colored. In general, the symbol printed on the electrode is more current-free (uncolored). It is easy to see under the current (colored) state. The symbol can also be made visible through the fine structure of the conductive layer. "Removing the layer of the symbol form (negative type) or forming a symbol from the conductive layer (formal) are all Feasibility • In the first case, 15 where the conductive layer is missing is not colored and a light symbol (uncolored) appears. It will not see any symbols in the no-current state. In the second cable, only Where the symbol is colored, the rest of the cell remains uncolored. ”The conductive layer structure plan can be combined with the symbols printed on it. Figure 5 shows a measurement and inspection instrument according to the present invention, which is suitable for example. For testing the battery • For simplicity, only the bad state (BAD) and good state (GOOD) »text BAD (3) is printed on the lower part, in this case the reflective conductive layer, and It is always visible in the current state. Therefore, no voltage is provided or only 25% of the lack of discharge state below the potential of the electrochromic medium switch potential (please read the precautions on the back before ^ ¾: this page)
本紙張尺度逋用中a國家標率（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 五、發明説明（p) -- 電池均歸類為不良態•若其電壓夠高且文字之顏色 與電致變色介質相同，則文字所在區域變為有色且 該文字BAD會消失。若電池所施電雇超出巢室幾何 形狀及電子特質所決定之值’巢室之後段區域亦變 5 為有色且杜出導電層（1)之外之文字GOOD ( 2 )會 變為發光文字成為可見。 (諳先閱讀背面之注意事項森站寫本頁) 經濟部中央橾率局貝工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 43414 OS^ A7 B7 五、發明說明（） ·' a 專利申請案第88101597號 Ψ 0 ( / ! ROC Patent Appln. No. 88101597 Μ丨’ 中文界明書修正頁-附件(三） <請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)This paper is based on a national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm). 5. Description of the invention (p)-The batteries are classified as bad. • If the voltage is high enough and the color of the text and electrochromism are changed. If the medium is the same, the area where the text is located becomes colored and the text BAD disappears. If the battery is powered beyond the value determined by the geometry and electronic characteristics of the cell, the area behind the cell will also become 5 and colored, and characters other than the conductive layer (1) GOOD (2) will become light text. Become visible. (Please read the note on the back first, Mori Station writes this page) Printed by the Central Government Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, this paper is printed in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 43414 OS ^ A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention () · 'a Patent Application No. 88101597Ψ 0 (/! ROC Patent Appln. No. 88101597 Μ 丨' Chinese Book of Corrections-Attachment (3) < Please read "Notes on the back" first (Fill in this page again)
Amended Page in Chinese Specification - Enel. (Ill) (iCi 89 ^ 9 ^ [0{ (Submitted on September 2000) 主耍元件代表符號之對照說明 1，2 聚碳酸酯板 3，4 銦-錫氧化物層 5 電絕緣骨架 6 巢室 7，8 10 金屬接觸件 倍增器電阻 電壓源 101 透明玻璃板 102 板 103 姻-錫氧化物層 104 金屬塗層 105 電絕緣骨架 106 巢室 107 ， 108 電子接觸件 109 倍增器電阻 111 箭頭 112 短路 201 ， 202 塗層板 203 姻-锡氧化物層 204 金屬塗層 205 ， 206 間隔物 207 ， 208 金屬接觸件 209 電壓源 210 透明板 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消费合作社印製 .14 -1 - \\T3\BPASCH$\pamela\88033-Amended Page in Chinese Specification-Enel. (Ill) (iCi 89 ^ 9 ^ [0 {(Submitted on September 2000) Comparative description of the symbols of the main components 1,2 Polycarbonate plate 3, 4 Indium-tin oxide layer 5 Electrical insulation frame 6 Cells 7, 8 10 Metal contact multiplier Resistance voltage source 101 Transparent glass plate 102 Plate 103 Ion-tin oxide layer 104 Metal coating 105 Electrical insulation frame 106 Cell 107, 108 Electronic contact 109 Multiplier resistance 111 arrow 112 short circuit 201, 202 coated plate 203 marriage-tin oxide layer 204 metal coating 205, 206 spacer 207, 208 metal contact 209 voltage source 210 transparent plate Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Shellfisher Consumer Cooperative Printed. 14 -1-\\ T3 \ BPASCH $ \ pamela \ 88033-
Ref-No.doc 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4规格（210 X 297公* )Ref-No.doc This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 male *)