483783 A7 B7 五、發明説明（1 ) 本發明關於一種特別是在包晶鋼的連 續鑄模的模管以及具有該模管的連續鑄模。 在連續鑄鋼技術中連續鑄模的模腔壁 卻時會形成一個其厚度逐漸增大的鑄殻而 鑄模中的出口連續地卸出，這種技術當用 碳含量在0 · 1至0 · 4%的鋼時據稱會 這種問題特別表現在生產出的鑄坯的表面 。這種性能缺陷是要不得的，特別是因爲 進一步加工常常又導致在衍生產品上的能 續鑄鋼中用於連 上當金屬熔體冷 連續鑄坯從連續 於包晶鋼，例如 引起一些問題， 性能上具有缺陷 這種連續鑄坯的 接受的性能缺陷 (誚先閱讀背面之注意事項再蛾寫本頁) 部 屮 义;J j ^ X f ίϊ 據 恰好低 變又結 一個鑄 現出低 由於該 表面， 多孔或 據 水平的 殼的熱 述表面 統上是 有一個 知悉，上述 於其凝固溫 合著體積的 殼剛開始凝 的機械穩定 相位轉變只 其結果是完 裂縫層。 知悉，在包 連續鑄鋼模 流而對鑄殻 質量的改善 借助於在模 熱障的連續 問題的起因 度的溫度時 大量收縮。 固期間和鑄 性的條件下 在模腔壁的 全凝固的連 可以被認爲是在 經受的相位轉變 隨著包晶鋼的連 殼在成形過程中 ，所述相位轉變 某些地點處形成 續鑄坯在其表面 晶鋼的連續鑄鋼中如果在包 的一個部位處通過減少來自 的初始凝固予以改進則可以 。這個在初始凝固部位內熱 腔壁的一個縱向部分的鋼側 鑄鋼模來實現的。但是該熱 於包晶鋼在 ，該相位轉 續鑄鋼，當 仍舊很薄呈 就發生了， 一*個不平的 上具有一個 括液體金屬 鋼熔體或鑄 獲得連續篇 流的減在傳 表面處設置 障的尺寸還 本紙张尺度適州中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X297公釐） -4- 483783 A7 _B7______ 五、發明説明（2 ) (誚先閱讀背面之注意事項再镇寫本頁) 需這樣地予以確定和該縱向部分這樣地成比例使得一方面 在初始凝固部位內的熱流密度減小，但另一方面在靠近熱 障的縱向部分內又必須保持得足夠高以達到在由模腔內的 連續鑄坯所蓋沒的整個距離上的鑄殼有足夠的增長。 已知的有許多設想用於爲連續鑄鋼的模的模腔壁，在 包括當澆鑄時獲得的液體金屬水平位置的部分長度部位內 提供一個在界定模腔的表面上的熱障。 從J OS 1 - 2 2 4 1 4 2上得知一種用於製造包晶 鋼的模，模的腔壁由一個管狀體構成，該管狀體具有一個 設置在澆合側並由其耐熱性高於形成管狀體材料的耐熱性 的鋼或其它材料製成的圓柱形插入物。具有申請專利範圍 第1項前序部分特徵的所述模的缺點是形成熱障的插入物 容易磨損，而爲了減少由於在鑄造時經受熱負荷所造成的 模腔壁的破裂或變形所採用的措施又會增加模的製造成本 〇 用於形成一個隔熱層的另一種設想公開在J 0 S 1 -1 7 0 5 5 0上，其中入一個例子提出一種準備用於製造 包晶鋼扁坯的組合模。所述模銅側壁的模腔側表面上在包 括液體金屬水平位置的部位處具有多個鑽孔，鑽孔內任意 地塡有鎳、不銹鋼或是一種合適的陶瓷材料。與這所述另 一種設想相關的缺點是-除了鑽孔的塡充物容易磨耗之外 一由於生產工程的原因它並不適用於例如方鋼坯尺寸的小 連續鑄坯的管狀模，因爲模管的內部只是在有限的程度上 適於相宜的操作。 本紙張尺度適W中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） 483783 A7 B7 五、發明説明（3 ) 本發明的目的在於解決上述問題，爲達到這一目的需 創設一個模管，管上配置上一個熱障’該熱障可以用簡單 的生產工程裝置製成，該熱障設置在液體金屬水平位置處 並具有改進的耐磨性能，和需創設一個具有一個模管的相 應的連續鑄鋼模。 這一目的可以通過一個具有申請專利範圍第1項的所 有特徵的模管和一個具有申請專利範圍第1〇項的特徵的 連續鑄鋼模來達到。 本發明模管包括一個結合一個預定的液體金屬水平位 置的第一縱向部分和一個鄰接該第一部分的第二縱向部分 ，其中第一縱向部分包括一個絕熱層，這絕熱層的尺寸是 這樣確定的使第一縱向部分中模管的耐熱性數値更大於第 二縱向部分中的。該模管的特徵在於該絕熱層佔有介於模 管外表面與從模管外表面衡量的模管壁厚至多7 5%的區 間之間的部位。 本發明的模管的絕熱層設置在或靠近模管的外側但並 沒有達到管的內表面。因此模管可以由一個管狀體製成， 該管狀體可以其外側進行加工以便爲其設置絕熱層。該項 加工即使是在只適於製造小內徑的模管和由於其幾何形狀 的尺寸不能或者只是以很大的難度才能在其內側加工的管 狀體情況中也能用尋常的方法來進行。 在澆鑄時，第一縱向部分範圍內的絕熱層可以確保在 模管的內側上的溫度提高。由於這樣的事實即絕熱層從模 管內表面的距離至少是模管壁厚的2 5%，因此在澆鑄時 本紙张尺度適州中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再硝寫本頁)483783 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (1) The present invention relates to a mold tube for a continuous casting mold, particularly in peritectic steel, and a continuous casting mold having the same. In the continuous steel casting technology, the cavity wall of the continuous mold will form a gradually increasing thickness of the shell and the outlet in the mold is continuously discharged. This technology uses a carbon content of 0 · 1 to 0 · 4 This problem is reported to be manifested especially on the surface of the produced slabs. This kind of performance defect is unacceptable, especially because further processing often leads to continuous casting steels on derivative products used to connect when the metal melt cold continuous casting slab is continuous from peritectic steel, for example causing some problems, performance There are defects in this type of continuous casting slab's accepted performance defects (诮 read the precautions on the back and then write this page). Ministry of Justice; J j ^ X f ίϊ It happens to be low and another cast appears to be low due to the The surface, the porous or the horizontal thermal surface of the shell is generally known that the above-mentioned mechanically stable phase transition of the shell at its solidification temperature and coherent volume at the beginning of condensation only results in the completion of the fracture layer. It is known that the improvement of the quality of the casting shell in the continuous casting of the steel mold is achieved by a large amount of shrinkage at the temperature of the cause of the continuous problem of the mold thermal barrier. Full solidification in the cavity wall during solidification and castability can be considered as undergoing a phase transition as peritectic steel crusts are formed during the forming process, where the phase transition continues at certain locations The slab can be improved in a continuous casting steel of its surface crystal steel by reducing the initial solidification from one place in the ladle. This is achieved by casting a steel mold on the steel side of a longitudinal portion of the cavity wall within the initial solidification site. However, the hot phase of peritectic steel, the phase transition of continuous casting steel, occurs when it is still very thin, a rough surface with a liquid metal steel melt or casting to obtain a continuous stream of reduced surface. The size of the barrier is reduced. The paper size is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X297 mm) -4- 483783 A7 _B7______ 5. Description of the invention (2) (诮 Please read the precautions on the back before writing the copy Page) need to be determined in such a way that it is proportional to the longitudinal part so that on the one hand the heat flux density in the initial solidification site decreases, but on the other hand the longitudinal part near the thermal barrier must be kept high enough to reach There is sufficient growth in the casting shell over the entire distance covered by the continuous casting slab in the mold cavity. There are known cavity walls of molds which are envisaged for continuous casting of steel, providing a thermal barrier on the surface defining the cavity in a portion of the length including the horizontal position of the liquid metal obtained when casting. A mold for manufacturing peritectic steel is known from J OS 1-2 2 4 1 4 2. The cavity wall of the mold is composed of a tubular body which has a heat-resistance which is arranged on the pouring side. A cylindrical insert made of heat-resistant steel or other material for forming a tubular body material. The disadvantage of the mold having the characteristics of the preamble of the first range of the patent application is that the insert forming the thermal barrier is easy to wear, and it is used to reduce the crack or deformation of the cavity wall caused by the thermal load during casting. The measures will increase the manufacturing cost of the mold. Another idea for forming a heat insulation layer is disclosed on J 0 S 1 -1 7 0 5 50. An example is proposed to prepare a peritectic steel slab. Combo mode. The mold cavity side surface of the mold copper side wall has a plurality of drilled holes at a portion including the horizontal position of the liquid metal, and the drilled holes are arbitrarily filled with nickel, stainless steel, or a suitable ceramic material. Disadvantages associated with this alternative concept are that-in addition to the easy-to-wear bored filler, it is not suitable for tubular molds of small continuous casting slabs, such as square slabs, because of the mold tube The interior is only suitable to a limited extent for suitable operation. This paper is suitable for China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 483783 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (3) The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems. In order to achieve this purpose, a mold tube is required. The last thermal barrier is configured. The thermal barrier can be made by a simple production engineering device. The thermal barrier is arranged at the level of the liquid metal and has improved abrasion resistance, and a corresponding continuous with a die tube needs to be created. Cast steel mold. This objective can be achieved by a die tube with all the features of the scope of patent application No. 1 and a continuous steel mold with the features of the scope of patent application No. 10. The die tube of the present invention includes a first longitudinal portion combining a predetermined liquid metal horizontal position and a second longitudinal portion adjacent to the first portion, wherein the first longitudinal portion includes a heat insulating layer, and the size of the heat insulating layer is determined as such The heat resistance of the die tube in the first longitudinal portion is made larger than that in the second longitudinal portion. The mold tube is characterized in that the heat insulating layer occupies a portion between the outer surface of the mold tube and a region having a wall thickness of at most 75% measured from the outer surface of the mold tube. The heat insulation layer of the mold tube of the present invention is provided on or near the outside of the mold tube but does not reach the inner surface of the tube. The die tube can therefore be made of a tubular body which can be processed on its outer side in order to provide it with a thermal insulation layer. This process can be carried out by ordinary methods even in the case of tubes suitable only for manufacturing small-diameter tubes and tubes that cannot be processed on the inside due to the size of their geometries. During casting, a thermal insulation layer in the region of the first longitudinal portion can ensure that the temperature on the inside of the die tube increases. Due to the fact that the distance between the heat insulation layer and the inner surface of the mold tube is at least 25% of the wall thickness of the mold tube, the paper size should be in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 mm) when casting (please first (Read the notes on the back and write this page)
、1T -6 - 483783 A7 B7 五、發明説明U ) 模管上的磨損，由於在第一縱向部分範圍內的熱和機械器 材荷載，與一個在模管內側設置有同樣厚度的絕熱層的模 管相比要少得多。 對於本發明的模管是有可能通過對絕熱層的厚度分布 型定出尺度以確定地設定當澆鑄時產生在模管內表面處的 溫度分布以便在選擇地改變在第一縱向部分區域內鑄坯殻 的增長。這個自由度被用於本發明的模管可以使其在製造 包晶鋼加鑄坯殼方面獲得更佳的效用。爲了使由包晶鋼製 成的鑄製品達到最佳質量，一方面在澆鑄時在第一縱向部 分區域內的模管內表面的溫度應當盡可能地高。滯後開始 的鋼熔體的初始凝固距液體金屬水平的距離應當盡可能地 大其效應是隨著離液體金屬水平的距離的增大而增長的鐵 水靜壓力對形成的鑄坯殼從模管內表面的局部脫離（這種 脫離是由包晶相位轉變激發的）起著逐漸增大的抵制作用 、，因而促進了光滑鑄坯表面的形成。在另一方面，在澆鑄 時模管內表面的溫度不能是任何量値的，因爲模管的材料 性能具有一個限制作用。例如，由銅製成的模管據知道在 被加熱至一個超出臨界溫度4 5 0 °C的溫度，所謂的軟化 溫度，之後會縮短其使用壽命。 因此在本發明模管的一個優秀的實施例中絕熱層的厚 度是這樣設定的使其在澆鑄時模管內側上的溫度不超過預 定的臨界溫度Τ K。 在本發明模管的另一個實施例中模管的外表面在縱向 部分之間的交界處的構形是連續地成形的。這個實施例特 本紙張尺度適州中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (誚先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、-=·<» _ 483783 A7 B7 五、發明説明（5 ) 別適用於這種模管，它的模管外部是用水套冷卻的。由於 這種模管其水套通常只有幾個毫米厚而它的厚度必須沿著 模管確切地被控制，因此在兩個縱向部分之間的連續的過 渡構形使得水套冷卻的結構可以非常簡單。 在本發明模管的改進結構中絕熱層被嵌入在金屬或金 屬合金的管狀體中。如果管狀體是用銅或銅的合金製成而 絕熱層是以例如鎳或鉻的金屬製成則可以獲得很好的模管 的熱和機械性能。這些材料在它們的膨脹係數方面相互協 調得很好，因而在銅的表面上塗覆一層鎳或鉻將得到一個 良好的黏附力和高的耐磨性能。 -4*： :^‘部中AC 導^Jh_t.>/i贽合Μ;;;印4'j-v 丨；-------•衣—— (誚先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本發明模管的另外實施例是關於使用一種冷卻劑以冷 卻模管的外表面，這種冷卻系統以熱工學的語言來說是這 樣的，即在第一縱向部分區域內表面的溫度至多達到一個 預定的臨界溫度並且至少在第一縱向部分的一個分部內是 大致恆定的。以這種方式，鑄坯殼的初始凝固可以滯後至 一個離液體金屬水平特別長的距離而在通過包晶相位轉變 之後可以獲得一個特別光滑的鑄坯表面。爲了在縱向方向 上達到盡可能恆定的溫度分布型，絕熱層的厚度至少在液 體金屬水平位置與第二縱向部分之間的一個部分中必須在 第二縱向部分的方向上逐漸增大。 下面將參照示意性簡圖對本發明模管的不同實施例予 以說明，其中： ， 圖1 A顯示出本發明模管1 0的一個例子的側視圖’ 該模管具有一個模腔2 0，一個澆注口 1 2和一個用於連 本紙张尺度適/丨]中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐〉 -8 - 483783 A7 B7 五、發明説明（6 續鑄坯（未示出）的排出口 1 3。在澆鑄時鑄坯的排出方 向以箭頭1 4指出。模管1 0包括一個第一縱向部分1和 一個第二縱向部分2，其中縱向部分1包括一個在澆鑄時 形成的液體金屬水平位置h而縱向部分2在鑄坯排出方向 1 4上鄰接著縱向部分1。模管1 0由一個管狀體1 5構 成，該管狀體在縱向部分1的區域內帶有一個絕熱層1 6 〇 圖1 B和1 C顯示出模管1 0的橫截面：圖1 B是在 圖1A中縱向部分1內標以I 一 I平面內的橫截面圖，圖 1C是在圖1A中縱向部分內標以I I — I I平面內的 橫截面圖。如從圖1 Α - C中可以看出，絕熱層1 6是設 置在管狀體1 5的外側1 1。模管腔2 0具有例如一個帶 有圓角的方形橫截面。這個選擇是隨意的。本發明模管可 以配以在連續鑄造操作中慣用的任何橫截面形狀。 部 中 A il II -T 消 f 合 H 卬 (誚先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 圖2 A和2 B顯示出沿著圖1 B中I I I _ I I I線 截取的縱向部分並表示出本發明模管10的兩個不同實施 例的特徵，它們的絕熱層1 6在模管的縱向部分上的厚度 分布型的構形是有所不同的。在兩個例子中，絕熱層1 6 都是嵌入在管狀體1 5外側上的凹下處。在這些實例中， 模管1 0的外表面1 1在縱向部分1的邊緣處都是連續的 〇 管狀體最適宜用銅或一種銅合金製成。絕熱層成分的 適宜材料有例如鎳或鉻的金屬，它們可以通過尋常的方法 了如鍍覆或電化學方法施加在管狀體15上。其它的材料 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210X297公釐） -9- 483783 A7 B7 五、發明説明（7 ) (誚先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ，例如陶瓷材料，也可以用作絕熱層的成分，只要它們具 有比管狀體1 5的更低的導熱性並且在它們的黏附性能上 和它們的耐磨性上是合適的就可以了。 顯示在圖2A中的本發明模管10的實施例其特徵在 於絕熱層1 6在液體金屬水平位置h和其鄰接縱向部分2 的邊緣之間的區域內具有基本上是恆定的厚度，這個厚度 在圖2A中標以d。有了這種幾何結構，在澆鑄時，假定 模管1 0的外表面1 1的冷卻是均一的，模管1 0內表面 處的溫度將沿著鑄坯排出方向1 4從一個位於液體金屬水 平位置h處的最高溫度點逐漸降低，這特別是因爲形成在 縱向部分1的模管1 0的內表面2 5處的鑄坯殼厚度是沿 著鑄坯排出方向1 4逐漸增大的因而保證了在模管1 0的 兩個表面2 5和1 1之間的熱流動沿著鑄坯排出方向1 4 逐漸減小。 通過相應地改變絕熱層1 6在鑄坯排出方向1 4上的 厚度，在模管1 0的內表面2 5處所獲得的溫度分布型可 以有選擇地予以變更，從而使鑄坯殼性能得到最優化。顯 示在圖2 B中的本發明模管1 0的實施例其特徵在於絕熱 層16在液體金屬水平位置和其鄰接縱向部分2的邊緣之 間的區域內以一個楔子的形狀從一個厚度d逐漸增大至一 個厚度b。厚度d和b可以例如以這樣一種方式選擇與模 管1 0的壁厚dw成比例使模管2 0的內側2 5上的溫度 標繪在鑄坯排出方向1 4上是大致恆定的並且達到一個預 定的數値。在這裡詳細的溫度標繪是與表面2 5處的鑄还 本紙張尺度適州中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210X297公釐) -10- 483783 A7 B7 五、發明説明（8 殼的成長相互關連的。 管狀體1 5通常是製成用於一個低於最大的臨界溫度 Τ κ的溫度。假定外表面的冷卻是通過施加冷卻劑進行的， 則用於鋼的連續鑄鋼模管1 0熱工學語言來說可以如下述 那樣地製造。爲了使模管1 0的內表面2 5處的溫度不超 出一個預定的臨界溫度Τ κ絕熱層1 6在液體金屬水平位置 h處的厚度應當根據下列公式來確定： dw t ^[l〇rz+7>-117>] [1-/]+ a[Ts-TK}[\-f] d (讀先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 其中 性； 部 屮 Jk il 义;Jιι· ,τ 消 f η 卬 1： 的函 Τ Κ =3 4 5 10 λκ :模管1 0在第二縱向部分2中的導熱性； f : Aw/λ,比率，其中表示絕熱層16的導熱 Τ Κ :臨界溫度； Ts :在模管1 0的內表面2 5處鋼的溫度； T L· :冷卻劑的溫度； α :冷卻劑與絕熱層1 6之間的轉換的熱傳遞係數。 在圖3中，d = dmax根據公式（1 )作爲壁厚dw 數對兩個參數f = 4和4= 1 0予以標繪，其中假定 =4 5 0 °C ’ T 2 = 1 4 8 0 °C和代表水冷卻的數値α 0000|(1112*]^)和71^=40°〇。這裡1^ = 〇°C是銅的特有的實驗數値。兩個參數f = 4和f = 例如是代表一個模管1〇其管狀體15是銅的而其絕 本纸張尺度適川中國國家標準（CNS) A4規格（21〇χ297公釐） -11 - 483783 A7 B7 五、發明説明（9 ) (誚先閲讀背面之注意事項再頊寫本頁) 熱層16是鎳的（f=4)或鋼的（f = 10)。如從圖 3中可以看到，比率dmax/dw隨著模管1 0的壁厚 d w的增長而減小。模管1 0的厚度d w越小’絕熱層厚 度在模管1 0的總厚度d w中所佔的份額必須越大才能將 在縱向部分1中的模管1 〇的內側2 5上的溫度提高至臨 界溫度Τκ，在這例子中給定Tk=450°C。此外，dma X / d w對預定的壁厚d w越大則f越小，也就是，絕熱層 的導熱性λ :越大。根據經驗，模管1 0的壁厚d w通常應 當是模腔2 0的橫截面側面長度的大約1 〇 %。如果模管 1 0是爲帶有一個大約1 0厘米的橫截面的側面長度的小 坯體而設計的，則厚度比率d m a X / d w成爲對f = 4大 約7 5%。對dmax/dw27 5%和f <4，從大體積 管狀體1 5生產模管1 0則成問題了，特別是在如果用於 容納絕熱層1 6的凹下處是在管狀體1 5的外側1 1上生 、成的而管狀體1 5的機械穩定性被不合比例地破壞時。此 外，隨著比率d m a X / d w的增大則涉及實行絕熱層1 6 的工作也就增多，特別是在製造工序中絕熱層1 6是通過 連續地鋪敷一種合適的材料的薄層而製成的。因此最好是 對實行絕熱層1 6中除了 dmax/dw^7 5%的條件外 ，還要另加參數範圍f24。 在圖4所示的模管10的例子中絕熱層16的厚度在 鑄坯排出方向1 4上從在液體金屬水平位置處旳厚度d逐 漸增加至厚度b，這是根據一個如此確定的厚度分布型使 得當澆鑄時在時在表面處的溫度沿著厚度分布型是恆定的 本紙張尺度適中园國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -12- 483783 A7 B7 五、發明説明（10 ，而比率b/dw是作爲壁厚dw的函數而變化的。從公 式（1 )和圖4可以確定出對於當澆鑄時臨界溫度Τ κ是沿 著厚度分布型實現的例子中的比例b/dw和d/dw。 與圖3作比較提供對特定例子Τ κ = 4 5 0 °C的相應數値。 圖4中所示的曲線形狀並不與f相關。 模管1 0的長度通常是8 0 - 1 0 0 cm。縱向部分 1的長度最好是在1 0 — 1 5 cm的範圍內，其中液體金 屬水平位置最好位於縱向部分1的上部四分之一處。 在上面給出的實施例中，絕熱層1 6總是這樣地被嵌 入在管狀體1 5上的一個凹下處使得模管1 0的外表面 1 1是連續地構形的。在本發明槪念的範圍中，將絕熱層 1 6嵌入在一個凹下處或是外表面1 1的連續構形也可以 從中免除。模管的表面1 1和2 5根據本發明也可以加以 適當材料的塗層。 圖面之簡單說明 圖1 A示出了本發明模管的一個實例的側視圖； Η tt 中 •k il .τ 合 η 印 (誚先閲讀背面之注意事項再硝寫本頁) 圖1 B是沿著圖1A中I 一 I線截取的橫截面圖； 圖1 C是沿著圖1 A中I I 一 I I線截取的橫截面圖 圖2A是沿著圖1B中I I I — I I I線截取的縱截 面圖’顯不出絕熱層的一個特定的厚度分布型； 圖2 B是與圖2A相似的縱截面圖，但顯示出絕熱層 的另一種厚度分布型； 本紙張尺度適川中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -13 - 483783 A7 _B7____ 五 '發明説明（11 ) 圖3是在一個預定的壁溫下，根據圖2 A的絕熱層厚 度d作爲模管的壁厚dw的函數所標繪的曲線圖；和 圖4是在一個預定的壁溫分布型下以絕熱層的尺寸作 爲模管的壁厚d w的函數而定出絕熱層的量度的曲線圖。 符號說明 1 第一縱向部分 2 第二縱向部分 10 模管 11 外表面 1 2 澆注口 13 排出口 14 鑄坯排出方向 15 管狀體 16 絕熱層 2 0 模管 2 5 內側 b 厚度 部 中 A il it 而 消 f： A 卬 (誚先閲讀背面之注意事項再硪寫本頁) d 厚度 h 液體金屬水平位置 本纸張尺度適州中國國家標隼（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -14-1T -6-483783 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention U) The wear on the die tube is due to the heat and mechanical equipment load in the first longitudinal part, and a die with an insulation layer of the same thickness inside the die tube. Much less than tubes. For the mold tube of the present invention, it is possible to determine the temperature distribution at the inner surface of the mold tube during casting by setting the thickness distribution pattern of the heat insulating layer to determine the temperature of the mold tube in the first longitudinal partial area. Growth of the blank shell. This degree of freedom is used in the mold tube of the present invention to make it more effective in manufacturing the peritectic steel and cast slab shell. In order to achieve the best quality of the cast product made of peritectic steel, the temperature of the inner surface of the mold tube in the first longitudinal portion during casting should be as high as possible. The initial solidification of the lagging steel melt should be as large as possible from the liquid metal level. The effect is that as the distance from the liquid metal level increases, the static pressure of the molten iron on the formed slab shell moves from the mold tube. The local detachment of the inner surface (this detachment is excited by the peritectic phase transition) plays an increasing role in resisting, thereby promoting the formation of a smooth cast slab surface. On the other hand, the temperature of the inner surface of the mold tube during casting cannot be any amount, because the material properties of the mold tube have a limiting effect. For example, mold tubes made of copper are known to shorten their useful life when heated to a temperature above the critical temperature of 450 ° C, the so-called softening temperature. Therefore, in an excellent embodiment of the mold tube of the present invention, the thickness of the heat insulating layer is set so that the temperature on the inside of the mold tube during casting does not exceed a predetermined critical temperature TK. In another embodiment of the die tube of the present invention, the outer surface of the die tube is continuously formed at the interface between the longitudinal portions. In this embodiment, the paper size is suitable for the China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (诮 Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page),-= · < »483783 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (5) Do not apply to this type of mold tube, the outside of its mold tube is cooled with a water jacket. Since the water jacket of such a mold tube is usually only a few millimeters thick and its thickness must be accurately controlled along the mold tube, the continuous transition configuration between the two longitudinal sections makes the water jacket cooling structure very simple. In the improved structure of the die tube of the present invention, a heat insulating layer is embedded in a tubular body of a metal or a metal alloy. If the tubular body is made of copper or a copper alloy and the heat insulation layer is made of a metal such as nickel or chromium, good thermal and mechanical properties of the mold tube can be obtained. These materials coordinate well with each other in terms of their expansion coefficients, so coating a layer of nickel or chromium on the copper surface will give a good adhesion and high wear resistance. -4 * ：: ^ '部 中 导 ^ Jh_t. ≫ / i 贽 合 Ｍ ;;; print 4'jv 丨; ------- • clothing—— (诮 read the precautions on the back before reading (Fill in this page) Another embodiment of the die tube of the present invention relates to the use of a coolant to cool the outer surface of the die tube. This cooling system is thermally like this, in the first longitudinal partial area The temperature of the surface reaches at most a predetermined critical temperature and is approximately constant in at least a subsection of the first longitudinal section. In this way, the initial solidification of the slab shell can lag to a particularly long distance from the liquid metal level and a particularly smooth slab surface can be obtained after the peritectic phase transition. In order to achieve a temperature distribution type that is as constant as possible in the longitudinal direction, the thickness of the heat insulating layer must be gradually increased in the direction of the second longitudinal portion at least in a portion between the liquid metal horizontal position and the second longitudinal portion. Different embodiments of the mold tube according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the schematic diagram, in which: FIG. 1A shows a side view of an example of the mold tube 10 according to the present invention. The mold tube has a cavity 20, a Gate 1 2 and one for the size of this paper / 丨] Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210X297 mm> -8-483783 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6 continued casting blanks (not shown) Discharge port 13 3. The discharge direction of the slab during casting is indicated by arrows 14. The die tube 10 includes a first longitudinal portion 1 and a second longitudinal portion 2, wherein the longitudinal portion 1 includes a liquid formed during casting The metal is in the horizontal position h and the longitudinal part 2 adjoins the longitudinal part 1 in the direction of casting slab discharge 14. The die tube 10 consists of a tubular body 15 with a thermal insulation layer 1 in the region of the longitudinal part 1 6 〇 Figures 1 B and 1 C show the cross section of the mold tube 10: Figure 1 B is a cross-sectional view of the internal part labeled I-I in the longitudinal part 1 in Figure 1A, and Figure 1C is the longitudinal direction in Figure 1A Part of the internal standard is a cross-sectional view in the plane of II-II. As shown in Figure 1 A-C It can be seen that the heat insulation layer 16 is provided on the outer side 11 of the tubular body 15. The mold cavity 20 has, for example, a square cross section with rounded corners. This choice is arbitrary. The mold tube of the present invention can be equipped with Any cross-sectional shape that is customary in continuous casting operations. The middle A il II -T and the f and H 卬 (诮 Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Figure 2 A and 2 B show along Figure 1 B The longitudinal section taken along the line III_III and shows the characteristics of two different embodiments of the mold tube 10 of the present invention. The thickness distribution patterns of their thermal insulation layers 16 on the longitudinal portion of the mold tube are different. In both examples, the thermal insulation layer 16 is embedded in the recess on the outside of the tubular body 15. In these examples, the outer surface 11 of the die tube 10 is at the edges of the longitudinal portion 1 The continuous tube-shaped body is most preferably made of copper or a copper alloy. Suitable materials for the composition of the heat-insulating layer are metals such as nickel or chromium, which can be applied to the tube-shaped body 15 by ordinary methods such as plating or electrochemical methods. 。Other materials (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 mm) -9-483783 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (7) (诮 Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page), such as ceramic materials, can also be used as a component of the heat insulation layer, As long as they have a lower thermal conductivity than the tubular body 15 and are suitable in terms of their adhesion properties and their abrasion resistance. The embodiment of the mold tube 10 of the present invention shown in FIG. 2A is It is characterized in that the heat-insulating layer 16 has a substantially constant thickness in the region between the liquid metal horizontal position h and the edge adjacent to the longitudinal portion 2, and this thickness is labeled d in FIG. 2A. With this geometry, it is assumed that the cooling of the outer surface 11 of the mold tube 10 is uniform during casting, and the temperature at the inner surface of the mold tube 10 will be along the direction of the slab discharge 14 from a liquid metal The maximum temperature point at the horizontal position h gradually decreases, especially because the thickness of the slab shell formed at the inner surface 25 of the die tube 10 of the longitudinal portion 1 gradually increases along the slab discharge direction 14 It is ensured that the heat flow between the two surfaces 25 and 11 of the die tube 10 is gradually reduced along the slab discharge direction 1 4. By correspondingly changing the thickness of the thermal insulation layer 16 in the casting slab discharge direction 14, the temperature distribution pattern obtained at the inner surface 25 of the die tube 10 can be selectively changed, so that the performance of the casting slab shell can be maximized. optimization. The embodiment of the die tube 10 of the present invention shown in FIG. 2B is characterized in that the heat-insulating layer 16 gradually changes from a thickness d in the shape of a wedge in the area between the horizontal position of the liquid metal and the edge adjacent to the longitudinal portion 2 Increase to a thickness b. The thicknesses d and b can be selected, for example, in such a way that the temperature plot on the inside 25 of the mold tube 20 is proportional to the wall thickness dw of the mold tube 10 in the casting slab discharge direction 14 and is approximately constant and reaches A predetermined number. The detailed temperature mapping here is in accordance with the standard of the Chinese paper (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 mm) -10- 483783 A7 B7, which is the size of the cast paper on the surface 2 and 5 on the surface. Related. The tubular body 15 is usually made for a temperature below the maximum critical temperature T κ. Assuming that the cooling of the outer surface is performed by applying a coolant, the continuous casting of steel mold tubes for steel 1 0 In terms of thermodynamics, it can be manufactured as follows. In order that the temperature at the inner surface 25 of the die tube 10 does not exceed a predetermined critical temperature Tk, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer 16 at the horizontal position h of the liquid metal should be Determine according to the following formula: dw t ^ [l〇rz + 7 > -117 >] [1-/] + a [Ts-TK} [\-f] d (Read the precautions on the back before filling in this page ) Neutral; Ministry k Jk il meaning; J ι ·, τ elimination f η 卬 1: function of TK = 3 4 5 10 λκ: thermal conductivity of die tube 10 in second longitudinal part 2; f: Aw / λ, ratio, which indicates the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer 16 TK: critical temperature; Ts: temperature of the steel at the inner surface 25 of the mold tube 10; TL ·: cooling The temperature of the agent; α: the heat transfer coefficient of the transition between the coolant and the thermal insulation layer 16. In Figure 3, d = dmax according to the formula (1) as the wall thickness dw number versus two parameters f = 4 and 4 = 1 0 is plotted, where it is assumed = 4 5 0 ° C 'T 2 = 1 4 8 0 ° C and the numbers representing water cooling 値 α 0000 | (1112 *] ^) and 71 ^ = 40 ° 〇. Here 1 ^ = 〇 ° C is a unique experimental number of copper 两个. Two parameters f = 4 and f = For example, it represents a mold tube 10 whose tubular body 15 is copper and its absolute paper size is in accordance with the Chinese national standard (CNS) A4 specification (21 × 297 mm) -11-483783 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (9) (诮 Please read the notes on the back before writing this page) The hot layer 16 is nickel (f = 4) Or steel (f = 10). As can be seen from Figure 3, the ratio dmax / dw decreases as the wall thickness dw of the mold tube 10 increases. The smaller the thickness dw of the mold tube 10 is the 'insulation layer' The share of the thickness in the total thickness dw of the die tube 10 must be greater in order to increase the temperature on the inner side 2 5 of the die tube 1 0 in the longitudinal portion 1 to the critical temperature Tκ, given Tk in this example = 450 ° C. In addition, dma X / dw The larger the wall thickness dw, the smaller the f, that is, the larger the thermal conductivity λ of the thermal insulation layer. According to experience, the wall thickness dw of the mold tube 10 should generally be about 10 in the cross-sectional side length of the mold cavity 20. %. If the die tube 10 is designed for a small body with a side length of about 10 cm in cross section, the thickness ratio d m a X / d w becomes approximately 7 5% for f = 4. For dmax / dw27 5% and f < 4, it is a problem to produce a mold tube 10 from a large-volume tubular body 15, especially if the recess used to accommodate the thermal insulation layer 16 is in the tubular body 15 When the outer side 11 is formed and formed, and the mechanical stability of the tubular body 15 is disproportionately destroyed. In addition, as the ratio dma X / dw increases, the work involved in implementing the thermal insulation layer 16 also increases, especially in the manufacturing process, the thermal insulation layer 16 is made by continuously laying a thin layer of a suitable material of. Therefore, it is best to add the parameter range f24 in addition to the conditions of dmax / dw ^ 7 5% in the thermal insulation layer 16. In the example of the mold tube 10 shown in FIG. 4, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer 16 gradually increases from the liquid metal horizontal position 旳 thickness d to the thickness b in the slab discharge direction 14, which is based on a thickness distribution thus determined The type makes the temperature at the surface along the thickness distribution constant when casting. The type is constant. The paper size is the National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -12-483783 A7 B7. 5. Description of the invention (10, The ratio b / dw varies as a function of the wall thickness dw. From the formula (1) and FIG. 4, the ratio b / dw in the example where the critical temperature τ κ is realized along the thickness distribution type when casting can be determined And d / dw. Comparison with Fig. 3 provides the corresponding number 値 for a specific example T κ = 45 ° C. The shape of the curve shown in Fig. 4 is not related to f. The length of the die tube 10 is usually 8 0-1 0 0 cm. The length of the longitudinal section 1 is preferably in the range of 10-15 cm, with the liquid metal horizontal position preferably located at the upper quarter of the longitudinal section 1. Given above In the embodiment, the heat insulation layer 16 is always embedded in the The recesses make the outer surface 11 of the die tube 10 be continuously configured. In the scope of the present invention, the heat insulation layer 16 is embedded in a recess or a continuous structure of the outer surface 11 The shape can also be eliminated. The surfaces 1 1 and 2 5 of the mold tube can also be coated with suitable materials according to the present invention. Brief description of the drawings Figure 1 A shows a side view of an example of the mold tube of the present invention; tt 中 · k il .τ and η (read the precautions on the back before writing this page) Figure 1 B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line I-I in Figure 1A; Figure 1 C is along the figure 1 A cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1A FIG. 2A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 1B 'it does not show a specific thickness distribution type of the thermal insulation layer; FIG. 2B is the same as FIG. 2A A similar longitudinal section view, but showing another type of thickness distribution of the thermal insulation layer; The paper size is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -13-483783 A7 _B7____ Five Description of the invention (11) 3 is a function of the wall thickness dw of the mold tube at a predetermined wall temperature according to FIG. 2 A Figure 4 is a graph plotting the measurement of the insulation layer with the size of the insulation layer as a function of the wall thickness dw of the mold tube under a predetermined wall temperature profile. Figure 1 A longitudinal part 2 The second longitudinal part 10 The mold tube 11 The outer surface 1 2 The pouring port 13 The discharge port 14 The slab discharge direction 15 The tubular body 16 The heat insulation layer 2 0 The mold tube 2 5 Inner b Thickness part A il it and eliminate f: A 卬 (诮 Read the precautions on the back before writing this page) d Thickness h Horizontal position of liquid metal