TWI487514B - 具有經結合之繞射、複曲面及非球面分量之水晶體表面 - Google Patents
具有經結合之繞射、複曲面及非球面分量之水晶體表面 Download PDFInfo
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
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- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1876—Diffractive Fresnel lenses; Zone plates; Kinoforms
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses or corneal implants; Artificial eyes
- A61F2/16—Intraocular lenses
- A61F2/1613—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus
- A61F2/1637—Correcting aberrations caused by inhomogeneities; correcting intrinsic aberrations, e.g. of the cornea, of the surface of the natural lens, aspheric, cylindrical, toric lenses
- A61F2/164—Aspheric lenses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses or corneal implants; Artificial eyes
- A61F2/16—Intraocular lenses
- A61F2/1613—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus
- A61F2/1637—Correcting aberrations caused by inhomogeneities; correcting intrinsic aberrations, e.g. of the cornea, of the surface of the natural lens, aspheric, cylindrical, toric lenses
- A61F2/1645—Toric lenses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses or corneal implants; Artificial eyes
- A61F2/16—Intraocular lenses
- A61F2/1613—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus
- A61F2/1654—Diffractive lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
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- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
- G02B3/04—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with continuous faces that are rotationally symmetrical but deviate from a true sphere, e.g. so called "aspheric" lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
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- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T82/00—Turning
- Y10T82/10—Process of turning
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T82/00—Turning
- Y10T82/16—Severing or cut-off
- Y10T82/16016—Processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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Description
大致上本發明係關於眼科水晶體,更特別係關於提供多種像差補償之繞射眼科水晶體。
人工水晶體(IOL)例行性地於白內障手術中植入病人眼球來置換天然水晶體。於某些情況下,IOL可包括繞射結構,因此不僅具有遠焦倍率,同時也具有近焦倍率,藉此提供某種程度的假性調節。多種像差諸如球面像差及像散像差對此種人工水晶體之光學性能造成不良影響。舉例言之,球面像差可能造成視力反差的降級,特別對瞳孔大小較大時尤為如此。
已知可提供多種像差補償之繞射IOL。但此種IOL之製造耗時且昂貴。
如此需要有改良式眼科水晶體,且特別需要更容易製造之改良式繞射IOL。
本發明大致上係有關可提供球面像差及像差像差補償之繞射眼科水晶體諸如人工水晶體(IOL)。於若干實施例中,水晶體之單一表面成形為不僅包括多個繞射結構,同時也包括具有非球面與複曲面之組合的基本輪廓。
於一個面相中揭示一種人工水晶體(IOL)其包括一光學元件包含一前表面及一後表面及設置於該等表面中之一者(例如該前表面)上之多個繞射區段。具有該等繞射區段之表面具有以非球面及複曲面之組合為其特徵之基本輪廓。
於一個相關面相中,該光學元件提供遠焦倍率例如約16至約32屈光度(D)之遠焦倍率以及例如以於約1D至約6D範圍之加法倍率為特徵之近焦倍率。
於另一個面相中,具有該等繞射區段之表面輪廓可根據如下關係式定義:
sag
(R avrg
,r
,θ
)=diffractive
(R avrg
,r
,θ
)+toric
(R avrg
,r
,θ
)+asph
(R avrg
,r
)
於一個相關面相中,繞射分量,亦即該表面輪廓之diffractive(Ravrg
,r)可定義如下:
Ravrg
及r定義如前而Rrad
及Zrad
分別表示延伸通過徑向距離r之一繞射區段之曲率半徑及該區段之曲率中心之軸向位置(亦即沿z軸)。舉例言之,Zrad
及Ravrg
可根據如下關係式定義:
於另一個面相中,該表面輪廓之複曲面非球面分量可根據如下關係式定義:
Ravrg
、r及θ定義如前,cx
及cy
表示沿二主要子午線之複曲面曲率及kx
及ky
分別表示沿該二主要子午線之複曲面圓錐常數。
於另一個面相中,該表面輪廓之非球面分量可根據如下關係式定義:
於另一個面相中,於前述IOL,Ravrg
之幅度係於約12毫米至約120毫米之範圍(正號與負號對Ravrg
皆屬可能)。於若干實施例中,cx
之幅度係於約0.008毫米-1
至約0.08毫米-1
之範圍(正號與負號對cx
皆屬可能),cy
幅度係於約0.008毫米-1
至約0.08毫米-1
之範圍(正號與負號對cy
皆屬可能),ky
可於約-3000(負3000)至約-12(負12)之範圍,及ky
可於約-3000(負3000)至約-12(負12)之範圍。進一步,於若干實施例中,非球面圓錐常數(k)可於-3000(負3000)至約-12(負12)之範圍。
於另一個面相中,繞射區段係由彼此分開多個階梯高度之多個繞射結構(例如小階梯光柵)所形成。於多個實施例中,各階梯高度對不同子午線而言為常數。
於另一個面相中,於前述IOL中,沿以角θ為特徵之一子午線之一繞射區段的曲率半徑()及與該繞射區段相關之一基本輪廓之曲率半徑()係根據如下關係式相關:
於又另一個面相中,該光學元件可由生物可相容材料製成。若干適當材料包括但非限於軟性丙烯酸系聚合物、水凝膠、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚碸、聚苯乙烯、乙酸丁酸纖維素、或其它生物可相容材料。舉例言之,於一個實施例中,該光學元件係由俗稱為阿奎索夫(Acrysof)之軟性丙烯酸系聚合物(丙烯酸2-苯基乙酯與甲基丙烯酸2-苯基乙酯之交聯共聚物)所製成。
於另一個面相中,揭示一種包括具有一前表面及一後表面之一光學元件之繞射眼科水晶體。該等表面中之至少一者具有以繞射分量、非球面分量及複曲面分量之組合為特徵之表面輪廓。
經由參考後文詳細說明結合相關圖式可進一步瞭解本發明,圖式簡單說明如下。
第1圖為根據本發明之一個實施例之IOL的剖面圖,
第2圖為第1圖之IOL之前表面之頂視圖,及
第3圖示意顯示該前表面之剖面圖,及
第4圖示意顯示切割該前表面之期望輪廓至基質(例如光學坯料)之一種FTS系統之鑽石刃。
大致上本發明係關於繞射眼科水晶體,該水晶體可提供球面像差及像散像差之補償同時提供遠焦倍率及近焦倍率。於後文實施例中將就人工水晶體(IOL)討論本發明之多個面相。但須瞭解本發明之教示也適用於其它眼科水晶體諸如隱形眼鏡。進一步,人工水晶體一詞及其縮寫「IOL」於此處互換使用來描述可植入眼球內部來置換眼球之天然水晶體或以其它方式增強視力之透鏡,而與天然水晶體是否被移除無關。
參考第1圖,根據本發明之一個實施例之IOL 10包括一光學元件12其具有一前光學表面14及一後光學表面16。該IOL進一步包括可協助其放置於病人眼球之多個固定件或附著器18。表面14及16係以一光軸20(於此處也稱作為z軸)為中心設置。雖然後表面係以光軸為中心對稱性設置,但前表面具有後文討論方式之以該軸為中心之非對稱性。
光學元件12可由多個生物可相容性材料所製成。該等材料之若干實例包括但非限於軟性丙烯酸系聚合物、水凝膠、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚碸、聚苯乙烯、乙酸丁酸纖維素、或其它生物可相容材料。舉例言之,於一個實施例中,該光學元件係由俗稱為阿奎索夫之軟性丙烯酸系聚合物(丙烯酸2-苯基乙酯與甲基丙烯酸2-苯基乙酯之交聯共聚物)所製成。
於多個實施例中,前表面及後表面之曲率連同形成該光學元件之材料之折射率係經選擇因而該光學元件提供於約-5D至約40D之範圍且較佳於約16D至約32D之範圍之遠焦倍率。該前表面14進一步包括設置於其部分上用於提供近焦倍率之多個繞射區段22。繞射區段22之第零繞射級將入射光主要導引至該光學元件之遠焦,而該等繞射區段之第一繞射級係將入射光主要導引至近焦。近焦係以於約1D至約6D之範圍且較佳於約3D至約4D之範圍之加法倍率為特徵。進一步舉例說明,第2圖顯示該前表面之頂視圖,顯示該繞射區段係形成為由多個階級彼此分開之環狀繞射結構。
參考第1圖及第3圖,前表面14包括特別於距離該光學元件之光軸(z軸)較大徑向距離時偏離推定的球面輪廓,因而具有球面與複曲面之組合之一基本輪廓。此外,如前文指示,多個繞射區段設置於該基本輪廓上。如此,前表面14之輪廓可定義為由三個分量所形成:繞射分量、非球面分量及複曲面分量。舉例言之,於本實施例中,前表面可根據如下關係式定義:
sag
(R avrrg
,r
,θ
)=diffractive
(R avrg
,r
)+tοric
(R avrg
,r
,θ
)+asph
(R avrg
,r
)方程式(1)
sag指示於距該表面中心(光軸與該表面之交叉點)徑向距離r及於子午角θ沿z軸之該表面垂度(距z軸原點之距離),此處Ravrg
表示平均子午線(亦即45度)之基本曲率半徑,及
當入射光線係平行於前表面14時,與該前表面之不同部分之物理徑路差係等於由前述各方程式所定義之於不同瞳孔位置的垂度值。通過部分水晶體之光線個別之光徑差可計算為沿光線方向之物理徑路差與該水晶體材料與周圍介質間之折射率差之乘積。進一步,於多種情況下,其中入射於IOL上之光線並非平行,但前述各方程式仍然提供與不同的瞳孔位置相對應之物理徑路差的良好近似值。舉例言之,IOL典型係位於角膜焦面前方約27-28毫米,於瞳孔邊緣之光線相對於光軸具有約6度夾角,由於假設光線係平行於光軸的結果,只導入0.6%計算誤差。
藉前述方程式(1)-(7)來描述前表面輪廓可優異地保有光學準確度。再度參考第3圖,以第一繞射區段為例,於任何給定子午線(θ),第一繞射區段之曲率半徑()及個別基本曲率()係根據如下關係式而與第一階級高度(第一繞射區段與第二繞射區段間之階級高度)相關:
於若干實施例中,前表面例如可以前述方式跨倍率範圍分段,讓表面輪廓固定於個別節段內部。相對於平均子午線之倍率調節可藉常數幅度例如以屈光度來加以特徵化。由於不同子午線之階級高度可相同且平均子午線上之屈光度差為固定(例如+2D),繞射區段之曲率半徑及個別基本曲率半徑可經設計來對任何角θ形成常數屈光度差,如下關係式指示:
再度參考第1圖,於本具體實施例中,後表面16為球面,曲率半徑經選擇使得該人工水晶體可提供需要的遠焦光學倍率(例如於約0D至約84D之範圍且較佳於約0D至約4D之範圍)。
可使用多種製造技術來製造IOL 10。例如於若干實施例中,可採用稱作為快速工具伺服(FTS)之方法來對例如由適當生物可相容性材料所形成之光學坯料表面提供期望的輪廓,諸如如上方程式(1)所定義的輪廓。如第4圖示意顯示,FTS機制方法使用可製造成沿三軸(例如「X」軸及「Y」軸以及「W」軸,W軸係正交於X-Y平面)移動之鑽石刃24。特定言之,鑽石刃可製作成於切削程式之控制之下,以控制方式且典型於快速速率順著W方向移動,同時於垂直於W方向之平面進行雙軸移動(沿X軸及Y軸移動)。鑽石刃之組合移動結果導致切割期望的輪廓至光學坯料表面。於另一個實施例中,可採用FTS方法來形成光學銷,其又可用來由期望的材料形成IOL。
於另一項製造技術中,可藉習知高精度車床(例如美國新漢普夏州金市之精準科技公司(Precitech,Inc.)出售之車床)控制旋轉對稱性分量(亦即繞射分量及非球面分量)的製造,同時FTS控制旋轉非對稱性分量(亦即複曲面分量)的製造。兩種模組可獨立操作不會彼此干擾,來自二模組之輸入資料可組合來確定鑽石切削頭的位置。舉例言之,Precitech車床可根據diffractive(Ravrg
,r)+asph(Ravrg
,r)產生鑽石切削位置座標其為旋轉對稱性;而FTS可產生位置座標toric(Ravrg
,r,θ)其為旋轉非對稱性。
舉例言之,於一個實施例中,FTS系統可經程式規劃來預先切削複曲面幾何形狀至光學針銷表面。隨後Precitech車床控制器可控制切削繞射分量及非球面分量至複曲面針銷表面。隨後若有所需,可採用小型鑽石切削工具來提供光學針銷表面成品。
於IOL之單一表面(例如前表面)上組合繞射分量、非球面分量及複曲面分量提供多項優點。舉例言之,可協助人工水晶體的製造,同時另一個表面(例如後表面)可改變用來獲得不同的光學倍率。如此又允許以經濟可行之方式例如大為減少需要的光學針銷數目來對個別病人訂製此種客製化的IOL。
熟諳技藝人士瞭解可未悖離本發明之範圍對前述實施例做出多項變化。
10...人工水晶體(IOL)
12...光學元件
14...前光學表面
16...後光學表面
18...固定件、附著器
20...光軸
22...繞射區段
24...鑽石刃
第1圖為根據本發明之一個實施例之IOL的剖面圖,
第2圖為第1圖之IOL之前表面之頂視圖,及
第3圖示意顯示該前表面之剖面圖,及
第4圖示意顯示切割該前表面之期望輪廓至基質(例如光學坯料)之一種FTS系統之鑽石刃。
10...人工水晶體(IOL)
12...光學元件
14...前光學表面
16...後光學表面
18...固定件、附著器
20...光軸
22...繞射區段
Claims (19)
- 一種人工水晶體(IOL),包含一光學元件,其包含一前表面及一後表面,設置於該等表面中之一者上之多個繞射區域,其中具有該等繞射區域之該表面呈現一基本輪廓,該基本輪廓係以經車床加工的非球面與複曲面之組合為特徵,且該非球面係徑向對稱,以及其中該表面的一輪廓係以下列關係式為特徵:sag(Ravrg ,r,θ)=diffractive(Ravrg ,r)+toric(Ravrg ,r,θ)+asph(Ravrg ,r)其中sag表示該表面的沿著該光學元件的一光軸在距離該表面的中心的半徑距離r且在子午角θ位置處之凹陷度,其中Ravrg 表示平均子午線的一基本曲率半徑,以及其中其中zrad 和Ravrg 分別代表延伸通過半徑距離r的繞射區域的曲率半徑以及該區域的一曲率中心之一軸向位置,以及其中其中cx 和cy 表示沿著該表面的兩條主要子午線的複曲面曲率,且kx 和ky 表示沿著該等兩條主要子午線的複曲面圓錐常數,以及 其中且其中其中k表示一球面圓錐常數。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之人工水晶體,其中該光學元件提供一遠焦及一近焦。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之人工水晶體,其中該遠焦提供於約16 D(屈光度)至約32 D之範圍之光學倍率。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之人工水晶體,其中該近焦提供於約1 D至約6 D之範圍之附加倍率。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之人工水晶體,其中該前表面包含該等繞射區域及該非球面及複曲面。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之人工水晶體,其中Zrad 係根據如下關係式以笛卡爾座標(x,y,z)定義,此處z係沿該光軸:
其中xin 及zin 分別表示該繞射區域之一內邊界之x座標及z座標;以及xout 及zout 分別表示該繞射區域之一外邊界之x座標及z座標。 - 如申請專利範圍第6項之人工水晶體,其中Rrad 係根據如下關係式以笛卡爾座標定義:
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之人工水晶體,其中Ravrg 之幅度 係於約12毫米至約120毫米之範圍。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之人工水晶體,其中cx 之幅度係於約0.008毫米-1 至約0.08毫米-1 之範圍,及cy 之幅度係於約0.008毫米-1 至約0.08毫米-1 之範圍。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之人工水晶體,其中kx 係於約-3000至約-12之範圍及ky 係於約-3000至約-12之範圍。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之人工水晶體,其中k係於約-3000至約-12之範圍。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之人工水晶體,其中該等繞射區域包含以多個階梯高度彼此分開之多個繞射區域。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之人工水晶體,其中沿以一角θ為特徵之一子午線之一繞射區域之一曲率半徑()及與該繞射區域相關之一基本輪廓之一曲率半徑()係根據如下關係式相關:
其中n1 代表形成該光學元件的材料之折射率且n2 代表圍繞該光學元件的介質之折射率,以及常數代表常數值。 - 如申請專利範圍第13項之人工水晶體,其中該常數係於約0 D至約4 D之範圍。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之人工水晶體,其中該前表面包括該等繞射區域。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項之人工水晶體,其中該後表面具 有球面輪廓。
- 一種繞射眼科水晶體,包含一光學元件,其具有一前表面及一後表面,其中該等表面中之至少一者呈現一基本輪廓,該基本輪廓係以經車床加工的繞射部分、非球面部分及複曲面部分之組合為特徵,且該非球面部分係徑向對稱,以及其中該表面的一輪廓係以下列關係式為特徵:sag(Ravrg ,r,θ)=diffractive(Ravrg ,r)+toric(Ravrg ,r,θ)+asph(Ravrg ,r)sag表示該表面的沿著該光學元件的一光軸在距離該表面的中心的半徑距離r且在子午角θ位置處之凹陷度,其中Ravrg 表示平均子午線的一基本曲率半徑,以及其中其中zrad 和Ravrg 分別代表延伸通過半徑距離r的繞射區域的曲率半徑以及該區域的一曲率中心之一軸向位置,以及其中其中cx 和cy 表示沿著該表面的兩條主要子午線的複曲面曲率,且kx 和ky 表示沿著該等兩條主要子午線的複曲面圓錐常數,以及其中且其中其中k表示一球面圓錐常數。
- 如申請專利範圍第17項之眼科水晶體,其中該水晶體提供於約16 D至約32 D之範圍之遠焦光學倍率。
- 如申請專利範圍第18項之眼科水晶體,其中該水晶體提供以於約1 D至約6 D之範圍之附加倍率為特徵之一近焦倍率。
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- 2008-12-19 AU AU2008343047A patent/AU2008343047B2/en not_active Ceased
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- 2008-12-19 AR ARP080105610A patent/AR069864A1/es unknown
- 2008-12-19 TW TW097149668A patent/TWI487514B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-12-19 JP JP2010539856A patent/JP2011507628A/ja active Pending
- 2008-12-19 EP EP08867562A patent/EP2190384A1/en not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2008343047B2 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
| CN101868197B (zh) | 2014-07-23 |
| US20090164008A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
| US8522653B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
| BRPI0821543A2 (pt) | 2015-06-16 |
| JP2011507628A (ja) | 2011-03-10 |
| EP2190384A1 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
| AU2008343047A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
| AR069864A1 (es) | 2010-02-24 |
| BRPI0821543B8 (pt) | 2021-06-22 |
| TW200934459A (en) | 2009-08-16 |
| CA2701488C (en) | 2016-05-10 |
| CA2701488A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
| US20100201012A1 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
| WO2009086057A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
| RU2496450C2 (ru) | 2013-10-27 |
| BRPI0821543B1 (pt) | 2019-04-24 |
| CN101868197A (zh) | 2010-10-20 |
| RU2010130316A (ru) | 2012-01-27 |
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