UA54589C2 - Ceramic combustion reactor with complete burning - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a ceramic combustion reactor (1) with a tubular body, consisting of several ceramic drum-shaped modules (2) and top (3) and bottom modules. The modules (2, 3) are fixed to each other with rigid connection means (5). According to the invention, the drum-shaped modules (2, 3) are comprising several segments (6, 61) together forming a drum-shaped module (2, 3), the segments (6, 61) and/or the modules (2, 3) being connected together by connection means (5).

Description

Description of the invention

The invention belongs to ceramic combustion reactors. The reactor according to the invention has a tubular body consisting of modules. Modules are attached to each other using rigid connecting means.

US Patent No. 5,041,268 discloses a combustion reactor having an elongated tubular body. The tubular body is surrounded by a steel outer shell. During combustion, the tubular body is heated to high temperatures.

Only materials that are sufficiently heat-resistant can be used as materials for manufacturing the tubular body of a reactor of this type. Further in the description, a reactor of this type refers to a complete combustion reactor. 70 It was found that the reactor described in US patent No. 5,041,268 has the best operating characteristics in the case when the wall of the tubular body is relatively thin, preferably less than 100 mm, as a result of which the heat released in the combustion process is quickly dissipated by means of intense infrared radiation of the tubular body walls It was also found that these reactors work quite satisfactorily as they have large dimensions, but the wall of the tubular body must still remain relatively thin. It is known that reactors with a length of more than five 12 meters and a diameter of about a meter are entirely possible, while the combustion process remains very efficient and clean. The only material suitable for the manufacture of the aforementioned reactor is high-quality ceramics.

But the production of such reactors in large quantities causes several problems.

It is very difficult to produce large tubular bodies from ceramics with relatively thin walls. First, it is very expensive to produce the necessary ceramic bodies, due to their large size. Secondly, it is also very difficult to transport the tubular body, because ceramic materials are very hard and therefore break very easily. Also, when using large reactors, some cracking of ceramic materials is almost inevitable. Replacing large single-chamber reactors is very expensive, so there is a need for reactors that can be repaired at a relatively low cost.

German patent OE-O5 29 40 245 A1 describes a ceramic gas-flame reactor, which is essentially a tubular body with 29 and which is used in thermal systems. The gas flame reactor has a ceramic central heat pipe consisting of annular segments and longitudinal connecting means which together act as connectors to hold the heat pipe elements together. The disadvantage of this design is that it cannot be disassembled and the parts assembled into a block cannot be replaced.

Large ceramic kilns and kilns for heating and drying clay and porcelain are also known in the art. These ceramic furnaces are usually constructed of several blocks of ceramic, which are installed in a steel frame or box. In these famous furnaces, the blocks that make up the walls of the furnace are very thick and therefore support themselves (without support). But due to the thickness of the walls, this design cannot be practically used for the internal equipment of the combustion reactor, because the generated heat cannot dissipate through the thick walls. 3o US Patent Mo 5,6 87,572 presents a thin-walled combustion chamber with shock cooling of the rear wall. at

Such a chamber is used for a gas turbine engine, which has a thin-walled non-porous shell, the rear wall of which has shock cooling. The ceramic shell is supported by a porous outer shell. Such cooling is necessary in order to protect the outer metal shell from high temperatures. The need for a cooling system makes this type of ceramic shell unsuitable for a C 70 full combustion reactor, because the purity of the combustion process requires the presence of high-temperature walls where catalytic oxidation and reduction of combustion products take place. The object of the invention is to produce a thin-walled ceramic combustion reactor that can be produced with lower costs and relatively easily also for large sizes. In addition, the challenge is to design a reactor that is easy to transport and can be repaired in fairly simple and cheap ways, or replace a damaged part without replacing the entire reactor. Another goal is to produce such a reactor in which the i-th damaged part can be replaced in such a way that it would not be necessary to disassemble the entire reactor. According to the invention, the above-mentioned object is achieved by the fact that the reactor, which consists of drum-shaped modules that are connected by means of rigid connecting means, and in which the drum-shaped and i-th modules contain several segments that form a drum-shaped module, while the segments and/or modules of 20 are connected together by means of connecting means.

In a preferred embodiment, the connecting means comprise connecting plates and clamps, where c a) the connecting plates are placed on the segments near the corners of the segments and extend radially outward, and b) the connecting clamps are provided with at least one hole that can accept at least two 52 connecting plates.

GF) It is desirable that the connection plates and/or connection brackets are provided with retaining means to prevent the connection clips from falling out of the connection plates. Retaining means can be made of ceramic pins, which are inserted into the holes of the connecting plate and the connecting bracket.

A particular advantage is the variant, where the connecting brackets contain connected flanges on the edges of the connecting plates 60 and in the recess of the connecting brackets. In a preferred embodiment, the connecting plates and/or connecting brackets are made of ceramic material.

It was found that each drum-like module can consist of a maximum of eight segments, but a smaller number is also sufficient. In general, a smaller number of segments is generally more suitable for smaller reactors, while reactors with larger diameters may require the use of more than 62 segments.

In a special embodiment, the tubular body of the reactor contains a cone-shaped flame-retaining sleeve. This bushing is essential to the proper functioning of those full combustion reactors which, among others, are disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,041,268. In order to properly position and attach the sleeve, the latter is provided with radially extended support struts, the segments of at least one module being provided with holes to receive the sleeve supports.

It is desirable that the connecting bracket is provided with two symmetrical holes, each hole receives two connecting plates of two adjacent segments. The four segments are held at their corners by one connecting bracket, so the number of connecting brackets used can be quite small. 70 For the best mechanical properties, the connecting bracket is equipped with rigid ribs. It has been found that it is most practical if the connecting plates are produced together with the segments.

The invention will be described below in more detail with reference to the corresponding drawings which, by way of example only, illustrate a preferred embodiment of the reactor according to the invention.

The drawing shows:

Fig. 1 is an axonometric projection of the reactor in the preferred embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2a-c - an axonometric projection, a side view and a front view of the segment of the top module of the reactor shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. Za-c - an axonometric projection, a side view and a front view of the reactor segment from Fig. 1;

FigA4a-4 - an axonometric projection of a connecting bracket, its view from below, views from the side and from above, which is used as a connecting means in the reactor from Fig.1;

Fig. 4e is a top view of a variant of the connecting bracket as a means of connecting separate parts of the reactor from Fig. 1;

Fig. Ba-4 - an axonometric projection, side, top and front views of the retaining pin for the connecting bracket from Figs. 4a-e, and

Fig. 6 is another axonometric projection of the reactor of the preferred embodiment of the invention, where two segments with 2g5 are removed to show the location of the flame arrester sleeve inside the reactor;

Fig. 7 is an axonometric projection of the preferred embodiment of a cone-shaped sleeve, which is used in modules i) of the reactor, which have a similar design to the one presented in Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a cross-section of a variant of the reactor module, which is made of universal segments.

Figure 1 shows an axonometric projection of the reactor 1 according to the invention. This reactor is the so-called Ge! with a complete combustion reactor. Smaller versions of this reactor are produced by the Hungarian company KKUUO Sotieie

Sotriziip Keasiog Vigeai Tsiy. under the brand name MOKO Keasiog (K). These reactors are made from a single billet. co

Reactor 1 in Fig. 1 is a variant of a larger reactor, which consists of two drum-like central modules and one top module 3. Modules 2 and C are fixed to each other by rigid connecting means 5, the top module is located on the right side 3, which has a domed end 31. "

The reactor 1 is mounted on a MO-shaped rail 9, into which the connecting means 5 are inserted, located on the outer side of the reactor 1. The reactor also has a bottom module, which is not shown in Fig. 1 for a better view of the internal view of the reactor 1. How is this clearly visible in Fig. 1, four segments b form each central module 2, and four segments 61 form the top module 3.

Segments b and 61 are made of high-quality ceramics, usually from silicon-based mixtures. There is no need for the bottom module to be heat-resistant like the other modules, so it can be made of high-temperature steel, but ceramic materials can also be used for this module.

The connecting means 5 have connecting plates 51 (see also fig. 2 and 3) and connecting clamps 52; (see also Fig. 4). Connecting plates 51 are placed on segments b and 61 near the corners 53 of segments 6 and 61. Connecting plates 51 extend radially outward so that the plane of the contact surface 62 of connecting plates 51 contains the central axis of reactor 1. Connecting plates 51 combined with segments c and they have the same thickness as the walls of the segments. This is best shown in figures 2a and 3a, where the connecting plates are formed as part of a wide edge 65 which is "folded" on the vertical sides of the segments, and perpendicular to the arcuate wall of the segments 6 and 61. Comparing figures 2a and 3a, it is clear that segments 6 and c 61 are almost identical in design, except for the dome-shaped end 31 on segment 61. The shape of the dome-shaped end 31 plays an important role in the formation of successful turbulence inside the combustion chamber of reactor 1.

Ge) Each arcuate side of the segments b and 61 includes a ring-shaped band 66 which forms part of the circular ring 10 when the segments are assembled into a tubular body. The ring 10 has a larger inner diameter than the outer diameter of the drum-like modules 20.

When the modules 20 are assembled into a tubular body, the rings 10 cover the edges 11 of the segments 6.

Figures 4 and 5 show connecting clips 52 equipped with at least one hole 54 that receives two (F) connecting plates 51. In order to prevent the connecting clips 52 from separating from the connecting plates 51, connecting clamps 52 and connecting plates 51 are equipped with holding means 7. In the proposed best variant of the invention, holding means 7 contain ceramic pins 70 inserted into the holes 55 of connecting plates 51 and connecting clamps 52.

In addition, the ceramic pins 70 have oval end plates 71. The holes 55 on the connection plates 51 and the connection clamps 52 are oval shaped so that their size and shape coincide with the oval end posts. After installation in the oval holes, the connecting pins 70 are turned 90" so that the oval end plates 71 will keep the retaining pins 70 from falling out. 65 The mechanical connection between the modules 2 is ensured by the locking mechanism of the connecting means 5.

Therefore, the connecting means 5 have flanges 56 on the edge of the connecting plates 51 and corresponding flanges 57 in the recess

54 connecting clamps 52. These flanges 56 and 57 provide the clamping force between the modules 20 and the segments 6 and 61. The dimensions of the parts forming the connecting means 5, in particular the flanges, are made with a sufficiently large clearance in order to have space for some expansion or displacement of various parts. This expansion is necessary due to differences in thermal expansion and stiffness of ceramic materials. The pins 70 also have the ability to move from side to side in the oval holes 55, and thus it becomes possible to move the segments b and 61 relative to the other segments of the adjacent module. This design prevents mechanical damage between adjacent modules 2 and 3 caused by heat. It must be taken into account that the mutual movement between the segments cannot be very large. Since there is no tightness between segments and modules, small gaps are inevitable. The efficiency of the combustion process inside the reactor will decrease if many gases escape through the gaps between the modules or segments.

Due to the high-temperature load on the tubular body of the complete combustion reactor, the connecting means 5 must be made of heat-resistant materials.

It is best if the connecting plates 51 and/or the connecting clamps 52 are made of ceramic materials, preferably of those having identical or similar characteristics to the ceramic materials of the reactor. A particularly suitable material for segments is high-temperature 5i5iC. This is an expensive type of ceramic, but it is able to withstand temperatures up to 1800"C. An alternative material for segments is 5IiC, which is a little cheaper, but can only be used for combustion temperatures below 13002C.

A material suitable for connecting staples is Corderite, which is cheap to produce by pressing. Corderite is also preferred because it is more elastic and therefore less likely to break under stress. Materials from ZIS or 5Ii5IiS are also used for the manufacture of connecting brackets. And yet, for most cases, connecting staples made of Corderite are the most acceptable. They are also more economical because it is cheaper to produce more by pressing. On the other hand, BIS and zivSs require the use of matrices, which is a rather expensive technological process. Thus, the invention provides important advantages, for example, the destroyed parts of the reactor 1 can be easily replaced without the complete replacement of the reactor, which is expensive. In addition, the segments can also be made of Corderite, if the process of i) combustion is maintained at relatively low temperatures.

According to Fig. 44, the connecting clamp 52 has two symmetrical recesses 54. In each recess 54 there are two connecting plates 51 of two adjacent segments b or 61, that is, one connecting clamp 52 binds Ge! with four segments 6 or 61 their angles. Figure 4e shows a connecting bracket 52", which has only one hole 54.

The connecting bracket 52" is practically half of the connecting clamp 52 and is used when connecting the connecting plates 51" adjacent to the dome-shaped end 31 of the segment part 61. The bottom module (not shown) or its supporting the plate is equipped with the same connecting plates as the connecting plate 51 and can therefore be fixed to the adjacent drum-like module 2 by "

With the help of ordinary connecting brackets 52. ю

As shown in Fig. 4d and 4e, the recess 54 of the connecting clamps 52 and 52 is formed in the form of an elongated slot. The slot includes two connecting plates 52 and 52" with a suitable tolerance so that the connecting clip 52 can easily slide over the connecting plates 51 without both tension and falling out. has an arrow-shaped section. The width of the arrow head " creates a flange 56, which engages with the flange 57 of the connecting plate 51. To improve the mechanical strength of the connecting plates 51, the latter are equipped with rigid ribs 58. The lower side of the bracket has a notch 59, which creates space for the band 66 forming the ring 10. y? In general, it is intended that each drum-like module consists of a number of segments from two to eight. From a design and manufacturing point of view, an even number of segments is desirable, but nothing prevents the production modules consisting of three, five, seven or more even number of segments in one module.

A feature of the complete combustion reactor is a cone-shaped flame-retaining insert 8. This insert is shown in Fig. b6. Insert 8 divides the reactor cavity into two chambers. The special turbulence generated by insert 8 increases the efficiency of the reactor. In order to adjust the appropriate position and mechanical resistance of the cone-shaped insert 8, it is proposed to provide the insert 8 with radially located supports 80. The segments of 6, at least one of the modules 2 or C, are equipped with depressions 81, which receive the supports of the insert 8. However, in order to ,

In order to keep production costs low, it is desirable to use as few different parts as possible. Therefore, it is provided that all segments 6 and 61 are equipped with depressions 81, as shown in Fig.1 and Fig.b6. Depressions 81 are created with the help of two teeth 82 on the walls of the segments. With this solution, the thickness of the material remains largely uniform in all parts of the segments and the thermal stress is lower. The supports 80 are combined with the conical insert 8. It is also noticed that for the larger versions of the reactor 1, the flame arrester supports

F) inserts 8 are equipped with separate supports (not shown). Individual supports are properly attached to the cone at one end, and the other end or individual supports are inserted into the depressions of the 81 segments. In this case, the individual supports have corresponding depressions in the cone of the insert 8. In a second possible embodiment, the individual supports of the insert are designed as hollow rods, where the rod hole holds the pins extending from the conical insert at one end and the rods extending from the segments in the direction cone at the other end. In the following exposition, the holes that receive the supports 80, created between the connecting plates of the segments, are not shown.

Fig. 7 shows another preferred implementation of a cone-shaped flame arrester insert 8. In this case, the insert 8 is combined together with the supports 83, similar to the variant in Fig. b, but here the supports 83 have 65 annular or O- similar cross section. Insert 8 and supports 83 are cast together. Nests 85 are placed on the walls of the segments 61, which hold the outer end of hollow tubular or semi-tubular supports 83. At the base of the supports 83 are holes 84 that connect the cavity inside the supports 83 with the space surrounding the cone of the insert 8. These holes 84 contribute to the turbulence inside the reactor 1, and the hollow structure of supports 83 provides increased mechanical stability. This type of insert 8 is particularly suitable for use in reactors combined with gas turbines, where the gas pressure on the cone of the insert 8 is much greater. This is an important application because gas turbines are used to burn cheap fuel and waste. The hollow structure of the support makes it possible to prevent the collapse of the supports even in the presence of small defects in the casting.

Such a special implementation is shown with reference to the segment 61 for the top module 3, but the same construction can be implemented just as well with the segments 6. 70 Fig.8 illustrates how larger modules with different diameters can be made using the same types of universally adapted segments. Figure 8 shows a reactor module 90 which is made of eight segments 91. In fact, only four or six segments 91 can form a complete ring module, depending on the design of the universal segment 91. But with appropriately designed connecting means, a larger number of segments 91 can be combined to create a module with a larger diameter. (It should be noted that smaller modules should be made of segments in the number of two to four).

The segments 91 are designed so that any number (in practice, at least four) could be joined together to form modules of different diameters. In this way, modules are created from a flower-shaped cross-section section, as shown in Fig.8. The working designs of a complete combustion reactor deviate insignificantly due to small inaccuracies from a shape with a circular cross-section. This solution has clear economic benefits because only one type of segment is needed to produce reactors of different sizes. In this way, universal segments 91 can be mass produced for a lower cost per segment.

Despite the fact that the preferred embodiments of the reactor according to the invention are shown with reference to the attached drawings, other embodiments, which are obvious to a person skilled in the art, are also included in the scope of the present invention. For example, it is not necessary to create all modules from the same number of segments. The goal is to create a dome-shaped school

An end module from a smaller number of segments, for example two semicircular segments, and attach such an end module to a central drum-like module consisting of four quarter-arch i) segments. Also, other new, high-temperature support materials may be acceptable for manufacturing segments and connectors.

Claims (18)

30 Formula of the invention so she - - , iv) 1. A ceramic all-combustion reactor having a thin-walled tubular body, wherein the wall thickness of the tubular body is about 10 millimeters or less, and which includes a plurality of ceramic drum-shaped modules 35 and upper and lower modules, the modules being connected with each other with the help of a rigid connecting element with the possibility of disconnection, while at least one drum-shaped module contains a flame retardant insert, which is characterized by the fact that the drum-shaped modules (2, 3) contain several segments (6, 61), which together form a drum-shaped module (2, 3), and the segments (6, 61) and/or modules (2, 3) are interconnected by a rigid connecting element (5). " 2. The reactor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the connecting element (5) contains connecting plates (51, c 51) and connecting clamps (52, 52), in which a) connecting plates placed on the segments (6, 61) near the corners (53) of the segments (6, 61) and radially :z" protrude outward, and b) the connecting clamps (52, 52) have at least one groove (54) into which they enter at least two connecting plates (51, 51). sl Z. Reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that the connecting plates (51, 51") and/or the connecting clamps (52, 52) are equipped with a retainer (7) to prevent the connecting clamps (52, 52) from falling out of in connecting plates (51, 51). 4. Reactor according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the retainer (7) contains ceramic pins (70) inserted into the holes (55) in the connecting plate (51, 51") and connecting clamps (52, 52 .(uh) 5. The reactor according to claim 4, which differs in that the ceramic pins (70) have oval end plates (71), Ge; and the connecting plates (51, 51") have oval holes (55) into which the oval end plates (71) fit. 6. The reactor according to any of claims 2 - 5, which is characterized by the fact that flanges (57) are made on the edges of the connecting plates (51, 51), as well as in the grooves (54) of the connecting clamps (52, 52) , 56), which are adjacent to each other. 7. Reactor according to any one of claims 2 - b, which is characterized in that the connecting plates (51, 51) and/or connecting clamps (52, 52) are made of ceramic material. (F) 8. The reactor according to claim 7, which is characterized by the fact that the properties of the mentioned ceramic material are identical or similar to the properties of the ceramic material from which the reactor is made. 9. The reactor according to claims 1 - 8, which is characterized by the fact that one drum-shaped module (2) contains from two to eight segments (6). 10. The reactor according to claims 1 - 9, which is characterized by the fact that the flame retardant insert (8) has a conical shape and additionally contains radial supports (80, 83), and the segments (6, 61) of at least one module (2, 3) have recesses (81) into which the supports (80, 83) of the insert (8) fit. 11. Reactor according to claims 2 - 10, which is characterized by the fact that the connecting clamp (52) has two symmetrical recesses 65 (54), into each of which two connecting plates (51) of two adjacent segments (6) enter. 12. The reactor according to claim 11, which is characterized by the fact that the recess (54) of the connecting clamp (52, 52) is made in the form of an elongated slot, while the central axis of the reactor lies in the plane of this slot. 13. The reactor according to claim 12, which is characterized in that the elongated opening of the connecting clamp (52, 52) has an arrow-shaped cross-section. 14. The reactor according to claims 2-13, characterized in that the connecting clamp (52, 52) has stiffening ribs (58). 15. The reactor according to claims 2 - 14, which is characterized by the fact that the connecting plates (51, 51) are made as one unit with the segments (6, 61). 16. The reactor according to claims 1-15, which is characterized by the fact that it contains a dome-shaped final module (3). 70 17. The reactor according to claims 10-16, which is characterized by the fact that the supports of the flame retardant insert (8) are equipped with separate supports inserted into the recess (81) of the segments (6, 61). 18. The reactor according to claims 10 - 16, which is characterized by the fact that the supports (83) of the flame retardant insert are made integral with the cone of the insert, and the supports (83) are made in the form of rods with a tubular or O-shaped cross section, and such the rods are inserted into the sockets (85) formed on the segments (6, 61). c schi 6) (22) c IS) « IS c) - with . and? 1 sh» 1 o 50 3e) F) ime) 60 b5