UA78110C2 - Biogas fermenter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to recoverable energy sources and can be used in agriculture. A biogas fermenter has an isolated working volume of methane fermentation, loading pumps, near-bottom mixing biomass and unloading old mud, floatability and thermostatting facilities. A pressure sealed gas collector is made light transparent for the visible spectrumand is equipped with reverse immobilizer of methane microorganisms with fissured light- and gas-intakes, disposed at the boundary of gas-suspension, and loading pump is equipped with hopper and screw feeders of mud or biomass.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to renewable energy sources and can be used in agriculture. 2 Fermentation of organic matter is used in agriculture, at sewage treatment plants, in the disposal of household and industrial emissions.

Ukraine already has a national program for the use of renewable energy sources. Biogas is an integral part of this program.

This invention aims to use the energy of plant residues accumulated in small layers in 70 reservoirs.

Ukraine has reservoirs with a surface area of 2.101942, large rivers with a length of more than 5000Okm - 14, a length of 101-500km - 123, a length of 25-100km - 968, a length of 10-25km - 3020, small rivers with a length of up to 10km - 68790.

There are 20,000 lakes, of which more than 7,000 have a water surface area of 0.1 km2. Swamps occupy 1.2 million ha. At 75 O, Omln. and bogs have peat deposits. Fermentation of sludge by methane fermentation has an important advantage: the mass has lost its cellular structure and is prepared for methane fermentation, the products are separated naturally, without filtration, separation, settling. Biogas is released. Sludge remains with important mineral substances that increase soil fertility.

The process proceeds anaerobically in closed volumes at a temperature of 30-602C.

The first biogas plant in Ukraine was built on the island of Khortytsia in 1950. Biogas plants have volumes of up to 1,000 cubic meters at city sewage treatment plants. On farms, the volume of methane tanks does not exceed 500m3.

Some data of the biogas plant of the All-Union Institute of Electrification of Agriculture are presented.

This installation is an analogue of this invention.

If the biogas fermenter has a volume of 1m7 and is loaded with biomass with a moisture content of Ка-0.9-0.96, then the dry substance Ге (КО-1-Ка-10-0.04) will be 100. 40Okg, which will give from 20 up to 80 kg of biogas (fermentation coefficient Ko-0.5-0.8 per 22 hours of the day). In a day, from one ton of suspension, we get 0.9-3.6 bkg of biogas with an energy of (0.9-3.bkg)x(4--6.6)kWh-3.6-22.7kWh

The fermenter in the air at a temperature drop of 502C spends per day

KLO.p-6W/m? 20s.5020.24гх10 kW.h-7.2kW.h/m? at

If the fermenter has the shape of a cube, then at M-1m? the surface has an area of 5-bm 2, and the total energy losses 7 will be 7.2x6-43.2kWh. "-

A fermenter with a volume of 1 m? clearly impractical.

It is possible to obtain energy from plant residues by increasing the scale of plants, by reducing heat losses through the side surfaces to values of K-1-2W/m2.2С, by increasing the content of dry matter, where Ko-02 - acceleration of the fermentation cycle by 3-5 times , using solar energy to create optimal conditions for methane fermentation.

Methane fermentation is caused by a group of microorganisms, the mechanism of interaction of which has not yet been investigated, the role of respiration, sources of hydrogen, carbon dioxide has not been revealed.

The prototype of the device for fermentation is a bioenergy plant for methane fermentation. It is described from p.

V.O. Potapov, L.G. Sulima, L.S. Chebanov )» The prototype has a methane tank with a heating system, a collecting tank, a heat exchange tank, a gas holder, a manure collector and pumps for pumping manure, coolant, and slag. The anaerobic process is carried out in a darkened volume. - and the Prototype uses the organic mass of animal farm emissions, which must be isolated from the environment. Therefore, methane tanks are made resistant to corrosion, able to hold mass. The methane tanks include transport costs and costs for mass storage during the entire fermentation period, 22 days. The goal of the invention is to use sludge from reservoirs, rivers, swamps in thin layers, shorten the fermentation period, increase the efficiency of biogas, grow a full-fledged mother culture - old sludge, increase the content of methane in biogas. c2 This is achieved by the fact that the biogas fermenter has an isolated working volume of methane fermentation, pumps for loading, bottom movement of biomass and unloading of old sludge, means of buoyancy and thermostating, which is characterized by the fact that the sealed gas tank is transparent to the visible spectrum and equipped with a rotating immobilizer of methane microorganisms with slit light and gas inlets located at the gas-suspension boundary, and the loading pump is equipped with a hopper and screw feeders for sludge or biomass. ime) The following drawings explain the essence of the invention.

At the same time: Fig. 1 - Diagram of a biogas fermenter, Fig. 2 - Diagram of placement of stirrers and immobilizer

Fig. 3 - Sludge collectors.

The biogas fermenter is placed in water and is afloat with a frame filled with sludge (item 1, Fig. 1).

The shell has side walls and a bottom made of heat-insulating, floating, with heating elements sheet material, which is given the shape of a parallelepiped with dimensions B, I, n - width, length, height, (m) volume M and b5 full surface

1 1 1 , If M has dimension in (m? in Mat im"

The hull is equipped with a hopper 2, a sludge pick-up 3, an immobilizer 4, a bottom mixer 5, a hermetic gas dome made of translucent material 6, an old sludge (sludge) discharger 7, a sludge loader 8.

The gas collector has a nozzle 9 for connecting to a gas holder placed on the shore.

The sludge pick-up Z is fixed on the hopper 2 with the possibility of moving with two degrees of freedom: up-down and right-left. The pick-up has a bottom end in the form of a sludge loosener 10, Fig. 3, which directs the sludge to the feed auger 70. This ensures the collection of sludge within the reach of the pick-up and the filling with sludge of hopper 2 and the working volume of the fermenter-mother.

The biogas fermenter works when the working volume is filled with sludge with a moisture content of 0.8-0.9 and the volume is filled to a level below the line of the gas dome at the height of the waves.

The volume filled with sludge is mixed with a bottom loosener and immobilizer. A homogeneous mobile suspension of water and remains of plant and algal mass is supported in the volume. A mother culture of methane fermentation is introduced. For this, a hopper and a loading pump are used. The heating devices are turned on and a temperature of 55 C is reached. The mixers placed at the gas-suspension boundary, which serve as gas immobilizers and carbolizers, are turned on. The fermentation process has begun.

The analogues and the prototype use anaerobic methane fermentation in a closed and darkened volume of 20 methane tanks-cylinders, the height of which reaches 10 m.

The biogas fermenter according to this invention is made floating. This solves the question of durability. Internal pressure is balanced by external forces.

The second feature of the invention consists in increasing the dimensions of the horizontal. A thinner suspension layer has a larger light-receiving surface. p. 25 The third feature: the anaerobic process is carried out under sunlight. The skeleton of the biogas fermenter (Ge) is covered with a sealed dome-gas collector, which is transparent to the visible spectrum.

A gas volume is created, in which 6790 methane and 3395 carbon dioxide. This is a disadvantage. Methane bacteria cannot have contact with a gas environment. The invention eliminates this shortcoming by placing an immobilizer at the gas-suspension boundary with light and gas supply slits and converting the bulk fermentation process into a surface one. at 30 |mmobilizer rotates and continues the process of releasing carbon from CO »5 and bonding hydrogen with carbon in «- methane СНу. Carbon dioxide is captured from the gas dome and introduced into the suspension. Methane organisms need oxygen for their growth during respiration. This is a known factor used in treatment plants for water denitrification. Methane microorganisms in the so-called old sludge in the darkened part of the purifier break nitrogen oxide molecules and take oxygen 35 2МО2- УМ»205 и- 2МО. 5MovO"

In treatment plants, these reactions are carried out in the darkened part of the treatment plant because there are algae in the water, which produce oxygen in the light and provide it to methane microorganisms. There is no algae in the methane tank. "

Methane microorganisms constantly need oxygen and find it in the water of HO and in the carbon dioxide of the produced biogas. c Energy of methane formation from carbon and hydrogen )" Asn, 7 ANs naАНu - ANen, -

EL713ii 4521-1799 - 397.5 kcal/mol and For comparison: o Asao, - 192.2 kcal mol - Ar, - 221.65 kcal / mol - 70 Separation of oxygen from nitrogen oxide requires energy o MO»-»MOzhO70, kcal/mol

IV.N. Kondratiev. The structure of atoms and molecules. Moscow. 1959 p.524, p.498).

Methane microorganisms do a lot of work. Fermenters must create conditions for their growth and development.

Water molecules have smaller bonding forces between atoms than nitrogen oxide molecules. Having fed on oxygen, (F) methane microorganisms release hydrogen and carbon, which form methane molecules, CH y. Carbon

HF is released from carbon dioxide. Sunlight excites water molecules with its quanta. With sufficient quantum energy, photolysis of water occurs and the formation of О 2: and 2INI ions, which are used by microorganisms at all stages of the decomposition of organic matter. Excited water molecules give oxygen to consumers faster. This increases the rate of fermentation. Sunlight supplies a lot of heat energy. This thermal energy is introduced into the mass of the suspension.

The immobilizer is made of meshes that retain microorganisms in the working volume.

The mother culture of microorganisms is applied once. The growth rate of the mass of microorganisms in 65 immobilizers increases by 2 times.

The immobilizer rotates. There is a constant change in the light and tempo periods and the replacement of the mass of the suspension that is exposed to the light.

Opened to the light, the gas collector perceives solar radiation with a power of 1.3 kW/m 2 for 10-12 hours. Area of gas reservoir 5-VI.

The energy balance of a pick-up fermenter has a total energy input

SO preR.8.pe-1, ZkWt/m 7.4.10m2.122-624KWt.g and energy losses

Ovtr-K.8. LO Pdoba 72W/m7.2S.100m7.502S.24-240KWh

In summer, the fermenter does not need to burn the produced biogas to maintain the optimal temperature of 70 working volume.

For a parallelepiped, the ratio of surface to volume

EE -- nn -3 but not Not inverted - proportional to linear dimensions.

Energy consumption is reduced. The flow of energy increases. The fermenter can store solar energy in the form of heat. This is facilitated by the small height of the silt and the large area that receives the heat of the sun.

The humidity coefficient of the sludge in the fermenter should be K»-0.8. Amount of dry mass

Men-(1-K)um-0,2.1.50000-100 kg

Gas output

Mouazu-0.8Me p-VOkg

The mother culture from the mother fermenter is taken from the working volume through the discharge pump.

Biogas is accumulated in a gas holder, which is connected to the gas collector pipe. high school

The functional features of the biogas fermenter are as follows: 1. The biogas fermenter has buoyancy. External forces and internal pressures are balanced, which makes it possible to reduce i) capital costs. 2. Reducing the height of the working volume provides a powerful influx of light energy.

C. Light energy in methane fermentation accelerates the growth of microorganisms due to photolysis, increasing the solubility and carbolization of carbon dioxide, which increases the yield of biogas and its value. 4. The biogas fermenter is adapted for autonomous operation with small thicknesses of the silt layer in reservoirs and (87 lakes. "- 5. The developed immobilizer of microorganisms extends the period of action of methane-forming microorganisms, stimulates their growth, provides oxygen for breathing and hydrogen for methane creation. 6. Lighting the methane tank does not violate its anaerobicity. 7. The biogas fermenter can be used as a brooder and for autonomous operation on water bodies and on land.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention "40, , . M, , - s A biogas fermenter having an isolated working volume of methane fermentation, a sealed gas reservoir, pumps for loading, bottom mixing of biomass and discharge of old sludge, means of buoyancy and 1" thermostating, which is characterized by the fact that the sealed gas reservoir is transparent to the visible spectrum and equipped with a rotating immobilizer of methane microorganisms with slotted light and gas inlets located at the gas-suspension boundary, and the loading pump is equipped with a hopper and screw feeders for sludge or biomass. -i (ee) - - 70 (42) name) 60 b5