UA79770C2 - Method for measurement of fire arms barrel bent and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to area of fire arms and can be used for increase of accuracy of shooting. Method for registration of barrel of fire arms bent is in fact that optical radiation of point source installed near the base of the barrel reflected from flat mirror installed on barrel end is directed through objective and rotary optical wedge to four-site photo-receiver and bent of barrel is determined through ratio of durations of photo-receiver sites illumination. Device for realization of method includes source of optical radiation, mirror and receiver of optical radiation. Between the mirror and the receiver of optical radiation objective and rotary optical wedge are installed. The invention makes it possible to increase accuracy of measurement.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to the field of firearms, in particular to methods and devices for improving the accuracy of gun firing. One of the main tactical and technical requirements for weapons systems is the requirement to increase the accuracy of target defeat in order to, on the one hand, increase the effectiveness of the use of weapons, and on the other hand, to reduce collateral damage. The accuracy of gun fire is determined by many factors affecting the charge, projectile, and gun. One of the main factors affecting the accuracy of the shot is the curvature of the barrel.

Bending of the gun barrel can occur for various reasons, namely due to: 70 - temperature difference in different places of the barrel, which leads to a difference in temperature deformations; - residual from mechanical effects; - heterogeneity of the barrel material; - diversity; - unevenness of wear 12 - mechanical loads on the barrel due to the movement of the gun, etc.

Some factors can be taken into account when aiming and adjusting weapons. However, there are unforeseen, relatively quickly changing factors, namely: atmospheric phenomena in the form of rain, snow, wind, solar radiation and others, which affect the temperature distribution along the barrel and its circumference. The use of protective casings slightly reduces the influence of atmospheric factors on barrel bending, but does not completely eliminate it.

An important factor that leads to the bending of the barrel is the rate of fire. Rapid firing leads to a significant redistribution of temperature inside the barrel and, as a result, to a large bend. Therefore, in practice, in addition to casings, the method of correcting the aiming angle by the position of the muzzle section (Miglie hegegepse zuziet - MK5) is used (British patent Mo2328498). According to this method, the gunner quickly controls the position of the mark (sight) located on the muzzle section through the built-in sight calibration system, and introduces the correction of the aiming angle by aligning the sight mark with the front sight. Gee)

A significant drawback of the described method of accounting for the curvature of the barrel, along with insufficient accuracy, is the subjective factor, which consists in distracting the gunner's attention to manual additional operations before the shot, which, in conditions of time shortage, can affect the quality of aiming.

There is a known method of automatically accounting for the curvature of the barrel by the amount of linear movement of the muzzle section o (Russian patent Mo2224980Y1. The basis of the method is the formation of a light beam directed along the barrel, the reflection of the beam from the reflector placed on the muzzle section of the barrel, and the focusing of the beam on the photoreceptor. By displacement the center of the beam in relation to the zero position and the distance between the reflector and the photoreceptor determine the value of the bending of the barrel.

Both of the above methods have common significant disadvantages. These methods measure not the curvature of the trunk, but the angle between the conditional longitudinal axis of the undeformed trunk and the chord connecting the exit points of the axis of the curved trunk at the beginning and end of the trunk. The bend of the barrel should be considered the angle between the tangents to the axis of the curved barrel at the beginning and end of the barrel, because the projectile leaves the barrel tangent to the axis of the barrel at the point of departure.

There is a well-known method of accounting for barrel bending (UK patent Mo2328498), accepted as a prototype. "

The essence of the method is as follows. C 70 A mirror is installed on the muzzle section of the barrel, and a laser emitter and a position-sensitive receiver of laser radiation are installed on the opposite end of the barrel. The relative position of the emitter, mirror, and radiation receiver is such that, in the absence of bending, the laser beam passes through the zero reading of the receiver. The bending of the barrel leads to an angular movement of the mirror and, accordingly, to a linear movement of the laser beam on the radiation receiver, at the same time, the radiation receiver produces voltages proportional to the movement along the two coordinates X, Y. The disadvantages of this method are as follows: (se) - when firing the barrel undergoes temperature deformation, and with it - the design of the laser emitter and the place of its fixation. This deformation leads to an angular displacement of the direction of the laser beam, which is perceived by the system as a bend of the barrel, that is, the measurement result is distorted; - And 20 - the size of the sensitive area of the radiation receiver depends on the length of the gun barrel. So, for example, with a barrel length of 5 m, the bending range is Bbt.d. (5 Miles of radii or 18 arc minutes) the diameter of the sensitive area should be 100 mm. The creation of a positional receiver of this size is a complex technical task; - the laser emitter has a narrow directional pattern, so the radiation reflected from the mirror 99 illuminates a spot of a small plane. When the angular movement of the laser emitter, which can be caused

GF) by various deformations at the place of installation of the emitter, this spot moves along the photoreceptor and this yuyu is taken as the bend of the barrel.

The task of the proposed method of measuring the curvature of the trunk is to increase the accuracy of the measurement by improving the measurement process, which removes the dependence of the measurement result on the directional pattern of the radiation source 60.

The essence of the proposed method is as follows.

A mirror is installed on the muzzle section of the barrel, and a point source of modulated radiation with a wide directional pattern is installed on the opposite end of the barrel. The image of the point source reflected from the mirror is subjected to circular expansion with the help of a uniformly rotating optical wedge and is focused with the help of a lens on a four-area photoreceptor with an orthogonal arrangement of sensitive areas. The desired bending angle of the barrel is determined by the ratio of the durations of illumination of the photoreceptor platforms, based on the known design parameters: the focal length of the lens, the angle of refraction of the optical wedge, the speed of deployment.

In the proposed method, the radiation source has a wide directional pattern, illuminates the entire plane of the mirror, and only part of the radiation flow defined by the plane of the mirror falls on the mirror. Next, the radiation is directed to the lens, while the part determined by the plane of the entrance pupil of the lens is cut out of the full beam. When the radiation source is moved angularly, the second part of the beam of the same direction falls on the entrance pupil and the lens, while /0 changes only the power of the radiation according to the directional diagram of the radiation source that falls on the photoreceptor, does not change the coordinates of the beam of radiation focused on the photoreceptor. This is one of the essential features of the proposed method.

The second essential feature of the proposed method is the presence of an optical rotating wedge in the path of the beam reflected from the mirror. A rotating optical wedge performs a circular expansion /5 of the spot focused on the photoreceptor. This makes it possible to use a simple, reliable, and most importantly, the most accurate principle of measuring physical quantities - by the ratio of the durations of processes, in this case, the ratio of the durations of illuminations of the photoreceptor platforms. The main error in the measurement of the coordinates is the error in the measurement of the corresponding durations, and in the prototype the main error is the instrumental error of the positionally sensitive photoreceiver.

The device for implementing the proposed method consists of the following parts, shown in Fig. 1: 1 - emitter; 2 - mirror;

Z - lens; 4 - optical wedge; ch 5 - radiation receiver.

The image of the emitter 1, reflected from the mirror 2, is directed through the lens C and the rotating optical i) wedge 4 to the radiation receiver 5. The image of the emitter describes a circle on the radiation receiver, the position of which relative to the center of the radiation receiver is determined by the angular position of the mirror and the distance from the main plane lens according to the formula: o z HOLE, where

A - angle of rotation of the mirror plane when bending the barrel; in

D - the distance between the center of the radiation receiver and the center of the circle described by the image of the emitter on the radiation receiver;

E is the distance from the main plane of the lens to the radiation receiver. b"

From here, the angle of rotation of the mirror is determined by the formula:

A-agsd (D/R).

That is, to determine the curvature of the barrel, it is necessary to determine the value of the linear movement of the image of the radiation source on the radiation receiver. The method of accounting for the bending of the trunk is explained by the image,

Fig. 2, where "

O - the center of the radiation receiver; 8 with X, Y - xordinate axes, dividing lines of radiation receiver sites; and Oh! - the center of the circle AB'VSS'DD'A", described by the image of the emitter; -» ОО! - the vector of displacement of the image of the emitter;

AC, OB are straight lines parallel to the coordinate axes that pass through the center О 7.

By construction, the angle ОАО" (angle о) is equal to the angle АО'А! and its value can be determined by the formula: иххОЧАА, where se) о is the angular velocity of the expansion of the image of the emitter, - 50

IDTA - deployment time along arc А A; c T - deployment period. t did vv U og v -B-b 2 4 4

F! a - LV on-n-y) where 2 '

МН, Б, 5, В, цу - the duration of the passage of the image of the emitter on the corresponding platforms (5.4, 52, Зз, За). in the abscissa X' of the vector OO! is determined by the formula: min. zipo,- 8. ranks) where floor

VE is the radius of the circle AB'VSS'DD'A", and Accordingly, the ordinate U" of the vector OO" is determined by the formula:

! o Ha ts-l-i u -vvipr- v z laz m

The given formulas show that the measurement of the bending value is reduced to the measurement of the time intervals 1.4, B, 5, and the determination of the radius of the circle described by the image of the emitter, which can be measured directly on the radiation receiver.

Claims (2)

The formula of the invention 1. The method of measuring the curvature of an artillery barrel, which consists in the fact that the curvature of the barrel is determined by the position of the directed radiation of a point source reflected from a mirror installed on the muzzle of the barrel, which is characterized by the fact that the optical radiation reflected from the mirror is subjected to circular expansion, focuses on a four-site photoreceptor with an orthogonal arrangement of sensitive sites, and the curvature of the barrel is determined by the ratio of the duration of illumination of the photoreceptor sites. 2. A device for measuring the curvature of an artillery barrel, which contains a source of optical radiation installed at the base of the barrel, a mirror installed on the muzzle of the barrel and a receiver of optical radiation in the form of a four-plane photoreceiver, which differs in that between the mirror and the receiver of optical radiation, there are lens and rotating optical wedge. c schi 6) "c) y y (o) and - - and? -i se) -i -i (42) ime) 60 b5