US10100680B2 - Combined cycle gas turbine plant comprising a waste heat steam generator and fuel preheating step - Google Patents

Combined cycle gas turbine plant comprising a waste heat steam generator and fuel preheating step Download PDF

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Publication number
US10100680B2
US10100680B2 US15/021,530 US201415021530A US10100680B2 US 10100680 B2 US10100680 B2 US 10100680B2 US 201415021530 A US201415021530 A US 201415021530A US 10100680 B2 US10100680 B2 US 10100680B2
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steam
water
pressure stage
pressure
evaporator
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US20160230606A1 (en
Inventor
Jan Brückner
Frank Thomas
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens AG
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Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BRÜCKNER, Jan, THOMAS, FRANK
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/106—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with water evaporated or preheated at different pressures in exhaust boiler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
    • F02C7/224—Heating fuel before feeding to the burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1807—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines
    • F22B1/1815—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines using the exhaust gases of gas-turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F22B29/068—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes operating with superimposed recirculation during normal operation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply
    • Y02P80/154—

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combined cycle power plant having a waste heat steam generator, and to a corresponding method for operating such a combined cycle power plant.
  • Combined cycle power plants are installations that combine the principles of a gas turbine power plant and of a steam turbine power plant.
  • the hot flue gas leaving the gas turbine is used to generate steam for the steam turbine.
  • the transfer of heat takes place by means of a number of heating surfaces which are arranged in the form of tubes or tube bundles in the waste heat steam generator. These are in turn connected in the water-steam circuit, comprising at least one pressure stage, of the steam turbine.
  • each pressure stage usually has, as heating surfaces, a preheater or economizer, an evaporator and a superheater.
  • the configuration of the waste heat steam generator is nowadays governed strictly by economic aspects.
  • the choice of the process parameters pressure and temperature for the steam generated by the waste heat steam generator and the number of heating surfaces in the waste heat steam generator are nowadays crucial and depend both on the gas turbine outlet temperature and also the boundary conditions for operation of the combined cycle power plant.
  • one measure for the quality of steam production at each point in the waste heat steam generator is the temperature difference between the flue gas and the steam at that point.
  • the once-through principle can then be used, that is to say a high-pressure pump in the water-steam circuit conveys, in a controlled manner, precisely the right amount of water—also termed feed water—into the waste heat steam generator, such that at the outlet of the latter, in coordination with the predefined gas-side supply of heat, the corresponding quantity of steam—also termed fresh steam—emerges with the required supercritical steam parameters.
  • a waste heat steam generator with at least one pressure stage operating according to the once-through principle is known for example from WO 99/01697 A1.
  • waste heat steam generator operating according to the once-through principle requires no large-volume drums, which require thick walls in order to be strong enough to cope with the system pressure, such a steam generator is characterized by a short start-up time.
  • a critical variable in the context of the configuration of such a waste heat steam generator is, however, still the stable through-flow of the evaporator heating surfaces over the entire load range of the combined cycle power plant.
  • the invention therefore has an object of identifying a connection scheme for a waste heat steam generator with fuel preheating in a combined cycle power plant, and a corresponding method for operating such a combined cycle power plant, which is suitable for a waste heat steam generator configured according to the once-through principle.
  • a waste heat steam generator that has a multiplicity of heating surfaces which are arranged in the exhaust gas duct of the gas turbine and are connected to one another to form a three-stage pressure system, consisting of a low-pressure stage, an intermediate-pressure stage and a high-pressure stage for the water-steam circuit of the steam turbine, and each of the pressure stages has in each case at least one heating surface for preheating, for evaporating and for superheating, a water-steam separator, which is arranged between the outlet of the evaporator heating surface and the inlet of the superheater heating surface of the intermediate-pressure stage and in which excess water can be separated from the steam, is provided with a branching-off line for diverting the excess water, and this branching-off line is connected to a heat exchanger circuit for preheating the fuel for the gas turbine such that a defined quantity of excess water separated in the water-steam separator is introduced into the heat exchanger circuit, and during load operation of the
  • Such a combined cycle power plant designed according to the invention can thus be operated effectively both from the point of view of the operation of the plant as a whole and also taking into account economic aspects.
  • connection scheme according to the invention and the method according to the invention it is now possible to make effective use both of the advantages of a waste heat steam generator operating according to the once-through principle and of the advantages of fuel preheating. It is thus for example possible to omit the drum which would be necessary for evaporators operating according to the natural circulation principle.
  • the oversupply required for the fuel preheating additionally ensures further stabilization of the evaporator, since the mass flow density increases both in the evaporator and in particular in the economizer heating surface, which generates the pressure drop necessary for flow stabilization.
  • the evaporator of the intermediate-pressure stage being oversupplied according to the invention, water constantly accumulates in the downstream water-steam separator. In the water-steam separator, the excess water is separated from the steam. The steam flows on into the superheater of the intermediate-pressure stage, while the separated, heated water is now fed to the fuel preheater.
  • the evaporator in load operation of the combined cycle power plant, the evaporator is to be oversupplied, by means of corresponding control of the mass flow of feed water fed to the waste heat steam generator, such that the separated water is sufficient for the fuel preheating.
  • the evaporator throughflow which is to be controlled is thus governed, inter alia, by the quantity of heat required by the fuel preheater.
  • FIG. 1 shows, schematically, a known set-up for a waste heat steam generator
  • FIG. 2 shows, schematically, an inventive circuit diagram for a waste heat steam generator.
  • the waste heat steam generator 1 shown, in upright configuration, is flowed through by hot flue gas RG from the gas turbine.
  • the cooled flue gas RG leaves the waste heat steam generator 1 in the direction of a chimney (not shown in more detail).
  • the hot flue gas is used to generate steam for the steam turbine.
  • the transfer of heat takes place by means of a number of heating surfaces which are arranged in the form of tubes or tube bundles in the waste heat steam generator. These are in turn connected in the water-steam circuit, comprising at least one pressure stage, of the steam turbine.
  • the heating surfaces shown here in the waste heat steam generator form a three-stage pressure system, consisting of a high-pressure stage, an intermediate-pressure stage and a low-pressure stage.
  • each one of the pressure stages has heating surfaces acting as preheater or economizer, evaporator and superheater, in which feed water from a water-steam circuit, of the steam turbine (not shown in greater detail) of the combined cycle power plant, is in stages heated and evaporated, and this steam can be supplied to the steam turbine.
  • the waste heat steam generator shown here also has a condensate preheater 2 .
  • feed water is supplied in a controlled manner to the preheater 4 via a feed water line SM.
  • the tubes of the preheater 4 open into a common outlet collector 12 which is connected to an inlet distributor 13 of the evaporator 6 connected downstream of the preheater 4 .
  • the heating surface tubes of the evaporator 6 open, via a steam line, into a water-steam separator 11 .
  • the connection of the steam line is provided at the steam-side head end of the water-steam separator 11 , to which a further steam line is connected. This steam line opens into the heating surfaces of the superheater 8 .
  • an intermediate superheater surface 10 there is also provided, between the outlet of the superheater 8 and the main steam line DM, an intermediate superheater surface 10 .
  • the water-steam separator 11 has, at its water-side bottom end, a branching-off line for diverting the excess water.
  • the heating surfaces 4 , 6 , 8 and 10 of the intermediate-pressure stage of the waste heat steam generator 1 are thus connected into the water-steam circuit of the steam turbine via the feed water line SM and the main steam line DM, in a manner which is not shown in more detail.
  • the heating surfaces of the low-pressure stage and of the high-pressure stage are connected in a corresponding manner.
  • feed water flows from a feed water line SN directly into an evaporator 3 and then into a superheater 5 , before it leaves the waste heat steam generator 1 as low-pressure steam and is fed into the low-pressure main steam line DN.
  • feed water from a feed water line SH flows into the preheater 4 , thence into a further economizer 7 , thence into the evaporator 9 and via the superheater 10 as high-pressure steam back into the high-pressure main steam line DH of the water-steam circuit of the steam turbine.
  • the first economizer heating surface tubes of the high-pressure stage and the economizer heating surface tubes of the intermediate-pressure stage are conflated to a common heating surface 4
  • the superheater heating surface tubes of the high-pressure stage are conflated with the heating surface tubes of an intermediate superheater stage of the intermediate-pressure stage to a common heating surface 10 .
  • FIG. 2 now shows an embodiment of the inventive connection scheme for the heating surfaces of the intermediate-pressure stage for a waste heat steam generator 1 operating according to the once-through principle.
  • the connection scheme for the heating surfaces of the low-pressure and high-pressure stages remains unchanged.
  • both the separate outlet collector at the outlet of the intermediate-pressure economizer heating surface 4 and the separate inlet collector of the intermediate-pressure evaporator heating surface 6 are omitted.
  • the tubes of the intermediate-pressure economizer heating surface 4 transition directly, with no physical separation, into those of the intermediate-pressure evaporator heating surface 6 .
  • a water mass flow fed to the waste heat steam generator to be set such that the evaporator heating surface 6 of the intermediate-pressure stage is oversupplied and thus a defined quantity of excess water, heated but not evaporated in the evaporator heating surface 6 , is diverted via the water-steam separator 11 and the branching-off line to a heat exchanger circuit for preheating fuel for the gas turbine.
  • a recirculation pump 14 for support in case the pressure ratios in the heat exchanger circuit for the fuel preheating make this necessary.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
US15/021,530 2013-09-19 2014-08-21 Combined cycle gas turbine plant comprising a waste heat steam generator and fuel preheating step Active US10100680B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013218809 2013-09-19
DE102013218809.9 2013-09-19
DE102013218809 2013-09-19
PCT/EP2014/067830 WO2015039831A2 (fr) 2013-09-19 2014-08-21 Centrale à cycle combiné gaz-vapeur munie d'un générateur de vapeur à récupération de chaleur

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US20160230606A1 US20160230606A1 (en) 2016-08-11
US10100680B2 true US10100680B2 (en) 2018-10-16

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US (1) US10100680B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3017152B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6239739B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101822311B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105556068B (fr)
CA (1) CA2924710C (fr)
ES (1) ES2762628T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015039831A2 (fr)

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US20230027044A1 (en) * 2021-07-13 2023-01-26 Pts Power Inc. Exhaust gas path heat energy utilization system and method

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CN109477633B (zh) * 2016-07-19 2020-10-13 西门子股份公司 立式热回收蒸汽发生器
US10900418B2 (en) * 2017-09-28 2021-01-26 General Electric Company Fuel preheating system for a combustion turbine engine
KR102724571B1 (ko) 2021-06-23 2024-11-01 한국전력공사 화력 발전소 성능 개선 시스템 및 방법

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CN105556068A (zh) 2016-05-04
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JP6239739B2 (ja) 2017-11-29
WO2015039831A3 (fr) 2015-07-02
JP2016536500A (ja) 2016-11-24
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CN105556068B (zh) 2018-09-11
CA2924710C (fr) 2018-03-27

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