US10619795B2 - Monitoring apparatus for pressure vessels - Google Patents

Monitoring apparatus for pressure vessels Download PDF

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US10619795B2
US10619795B2 US16/063,494 US201616063494A US10619795B2 US 10619795 B2 US10619795 B2 US 10619795B2 US 201616063494 A US201616063494 A US 201616063494A US 10619795 B2 US10619795 B2 US 10619795B2
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pressure
dpint
vessel
change
oxygen gas
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US20190003649A1 (en
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Piers Lambert
Rigoberto Perez De Alejo Fortun
Helmut Franz
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Assigned to LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PEREZ DE ALEJO FORTUN, Rigoberto, FRANZ, HELMUT, LAMBERT, Piers
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F17C2250/0434—Pressure difference
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0478—Position or presence
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0626—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0689—Methods for controlling or regulating
    • F17C2250/0694—Methods for controlling or regulating with calculations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
    • F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/02—Applications for medical applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/02—Applications for medical applications
    • F17C2270/025—Breathing

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a monitoring apparatus for an outlet of a vessel storing gas under pressure.
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for application to vessels storing therapeutic gases under pressure, but is not limited to such applications.
  • a member of the medical professional may administer a therapeutic gas, such as oxygen, to a patient from a pressurized gas vessel accompanying the patient.
  • a therapeutic gas such as oxygen
  • the gas is supplied to the patient via a gas supply tube from the outlet of the vessel to a respiratory interface for the patient, such as a respiratory mask, mouthpiece, nasal cannula, tracheal tube or other type of such interface.
  • the flow of gas from the outlet of the vessel to the patient is usually controlled by adjusting a flow control valve movable to a position between a fully open position and a fully closed position, until a desired flow rate of gas to the patient has been achieved.
  • the gas supply tube from the outlet of the vessel to the respiratory interface may become accidentally kinked, thereby cutting off the supply of gas to the patient, for example if the patient happens to lie on the gas supply tube during their sleep.
  • the respiratory interface may become detached from the patient, for example again by accidental movement of the patient during their sleep, in which case, the gas will continue to be supplied from the vessel storing the gas under pressure, but will leak into the atmosphere rather than being received by the patient.
  • WO 2005/093377 describes a compact, integrated processing system for measuring the autonomy of a vessel storing gas under pressure, by which is meant the autonomy of the vessel in terms of remaining time or of the remaining quantity of gas in the vessel.
  • This processing system comprises a compact module which includes an electronic pressure sensor for detecting a pressure of a gas contained in the vessel and computing means which use the pressure data measured by the electronic sensor in order to provide one or more pieces of information relating to the operating autonomy of the vessel.
  • WO 2012/164240 also in the name of the present applicant, describes a way of calculating the remaining time for a vessel storing gas under pressure using a system comprising a pressure sensor which senses a pressure of the gas on exit from the vessel, a flow control valve and a valve position detector connected to the flow control valve, which detects the position of the flow control valve.
  • the system described therein further comprises a processor which uses the sensed pressure of the gas on exit from the vessel and the detected position of the flow control valve to calculate the remaining time for gas supply from the vessel. Since the flow control valve is manufactured to a high precision, the remaining time for gas supply from the vessel can be calculated more quickly and accurately than a system which relies just on sensing the pressure of the gas on exit from the vessel.
  • the present invention provides a monitoring apparatus for an outlet of a vessel storing gas under pressure, comprising a flow control valve movable to a position between a fully open position and a fully closed position to adjust a flow of gas from the outlet of the vessel, a valve position detector connected to the flow control valve to detect the position of the flow control valve, an internal pressure sensor to sense an internal pressure P int (t) of the gas in the vessel at different times, a processor, a memory and an alarm.
  • the internal pressure sensor may be a sensor mounted within the vessel to sense the pressure P int (t) of the gas within the vessel or it may be mounted to the outlet of the vessel to sense the pressure P int (t) of the gas on exit from the vessel.
  • the processor is connected to the internal pressure sensor to receive from the internal pressure sensor the pressure P int (t) sensed thereby at different times and to calculate an actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt of the gas in the vessel over time from the pressure P int (t) of the gas in the vessel sensed at different times.
  • the memory is an internal memory of the processor, or it may be an external memory connected to the processor, or both.
  • the memory stores a volume of the vessel and for that volume, an expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp of the gas in the vessel for each of a plurality of different positions of the flow control valve. Since the flow control valve is manufactured to a high precision, different positions of the flow control valve can be related to different expected rates of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp , allowing the different expected rates of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp for a given volume of vessel and different rates of change in pressure to be stored in the memory for future retrieval.
  • the processor is connected to the valve position detector to receive from the valve position detector the position of the valve detected thereby and to retrieve from the memory the volume of the vessel and for that volume, the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp of the gas in the vessel for the position of the valve detected by the valve position detector.
  • the processor can then compare the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt with the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp which has the same position of the valve as detected by the valve position detector and the same volume of the vessel as retrieved from the memory.
  • the alarm is connected to the processor to receive from the processor an alarm signal to activate the alarm if the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt is less than a first threshold (dP int /dt) min defined in relation to the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp which is compared with the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt and/or is more than a second threshold (dP int /dt) max defined in relation to the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp which is compared with the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt.
  • a first threshold dP int /dt
  • dP int /dt the expected rate of change in pressure
  • the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt will be less than the first threshold (dP int /dt) min and the alarm will be activated or if a respiratory interface becomes detached from the patient, the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt will be more than the second threshold (dP int /dt) max and the alarm will be activated.
  • the memory may store a plurality of expected rates of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp for vessels of different volumes of the gas in each respective vessel for each of a plurality of different positions of the flow control valve, so that the monitoring apparatus can be used with a corresponding variety of differently sized vessels.
  • dP int /dt expected rates of change in pressure
  • the monitoring apparatus may comprise a first user interface whereby a user may manually define at least one of the first and second thresholds (dP int /dt) min , (dP int /dt) max .
  • the first user interface may be a touch screen whereby a medical professional may enter a value for at least one of the first and second thresholds.
  • the processor may be able to calculate at least one of the first and second thresholds (dP int /dt) min , (dP int /dt) max in dependence on the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp which is compared with the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt.
  • the processor may calculate the first threshold (dP int /dt) min to be 25% less and/or the second threshold (dP int /dt) max to be 25% more than the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp which is compared with the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt.
  • the processor may calculate a range (dP int /dt) max ⁇ (dP int /dt) min of acceptable rates of change in pressure between the first and second thresholds (dP int /dt) min , (dP int /dt) max in proportion to the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp which is compared with the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt.
  • the processor may calculate a range (dP int /dt) max ⁇ (dP int /dt) min of acceptable rates of change in pressure between the first and second thresholds (dP int /dt) min , (dP int /dt) max in proportion to the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp which is compared with the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt.
  • the processor may also calculate a remaining time and/or a remaining quantity of gas contained in the vessel from the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt, the detected position of the flow control valve and the volume of the vessel.
  • the processor may calculate an actual flow rate dV/dt of gas from the vessel from the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt, the detected position of the flow control valve and the volume of the vessel.
  • the processor gives the alarm signal a first characteristic if the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt is less than the first threshold (dP int /dt) min and a second characteristic different from the first characteristic if the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt is more than the second threshold (dP int /dt) max .
  • the alarm signal could be a different sound (short beeps, for example) if the actual rate of change in pressure is too low from the sound of the alarm signal (long beeps, for example) if the actual rate of change in pressure is too high.
  • the monitoring apparatus comprises a second user interface whereby a user may manually disable the alarm.
  • the second user interface may coincide with the first user interface and may therefore be a touch screen. Alternatively, it may be a simple push button, for example.
  • a medical professional may disable the alarm if they determine by inspection that the supply of a gas to a patient is acceptable in spite of the alarm being activated.
  • the monitoring apparatus may further comprise an internal temperature sensor to sense a temperature T int (t) of the gas in the vessel at different times, and in such a case, the processor may be connected to the internal temperature sensor to receive from it the temperature T int (t) sensed thereby at different times and to calculate at least one of a rate of change in temperature dT int /dt of the gas in the vessel over time and the second derivative d 2 T int /dt 2 with respect to time of the temperature of the gas in the vessel from the temperature T int (t) of the gas in the vessel sensed at different times.
  • the processor may be connected to the internal temperature sensor to receive from it the temperature T int (t) sensed thereby at different times and to calculate at least one of a rate of change in temperature dT int /dt of the gas in the vessel over time and the second derivative d 2 T int /dt 2 with respect to time of the temperature of the gas in the vessel from the temperature T int (t) of the gas in the vessel sensed
  • the processor can either adjust a value of at least one of the first and second thresholds (dP int /dt) min , (dP int /dt) max or disable the alarm on the basis of at least one of the rate of change in temperature dT int /dt of the gas in the vessel over time and the second derivative d 2 T int /dt 2 with respect to time of the temperature of the gas in the vessel.
  • a change in temperature of the gas in the vessel as it equilibrates with the vessel's new environment will be detected by the internal temperature sensor and the processor can compensate for the effects of this change in temperature on the actual rate of change in pressure of the gas in the vessel either by adjusting a value of at least one of the first and second thresholds or by disabling the alarm. This can be used to avoid false alarms in such situations.
  • the internal temperature sensor may be a sensor mounted within the vessel to sense the temperature T int (t) of the gas within the vessel or it may be mounted to the outlet of the vessel to sense the temperature T int (t) of the gas on exit from the vessel.
  • the monitoring apparatus further comprises an external temperature sensor to measure a temperature T ext of an external environment of the vessel, and the processor is connected to the external temperature sensor to receive from the external temperature sensor the temperature T ext of the environment measured thereby.
  • the processor may either adjust a value of at least one of the first and second thresholds (dP int /dt) min , (dP int /dt) max or disable the alarm on the basis of the measured temperature T ext of the environment or the first derivative dT ext /dt or second derivative d 2 T ext /dt 2 with respect to time of the measured temperature T ext of the environment.
  • Such additional features of the monitoring apparatus may also be used to compensate for the effects of a change in temperature on the actual rate of change in pressure of the gas in the vessel and to avoid false alarms in such situations.
  • the monitoring apparatus preferably also comprises an external pressure sensor to sense a pressure P ext of the external environment of the vessel, and the processor is connected to the external pressure sensor to receive from the external pressure sensor the pressure P ext of the environment sensed thereby.
  • the processor may either adjust a value of at least one of the first and second thresholds (dP int /dt) min , (dP int /dt) max or disable the alarm on the basis of the sensed pressure P ext of the environment or the first derivative dP ext /dt or second derivative d 2 P ext /dt 2 with respect to time of the sensed pressure P ext of the environment.
  • the actual rate of change in pressure of the gas in the vessel would also change.
  • Such additional features of the monitoring apparatus may be used to correct for this, as well as to prevent a false alarm if the pressure of the external environment changes rapidly, for example if the vessel were on board a plane at take-off or landing.
  • the processor is arranged to poll the internal pressure sensor at a given frequency.
  • the processor is also arranged to poll at least one of the valve position detector, the internal temperature sensor, the external temperature sensor and the external pressure sensor at the same given frequency.
  • the given frequency may be between 2 and 0.05 times per second.
  • the processor may be arranged to log in the memory the internal pressure P int (t) of the gas in the vessel sensed at different times.
  • the processor is also arranged to log in the memory at least one of the detected position of the flow control valve, the temperature T int (t) of the gas in the vessel measured at different times, the measured temperature T ext of the external environment of the vessel and the sensed pressure P ext of the external environment of the vessel.
  • the rate of change in pressure dP int /dt of the gas in the vessel over time may be calculated using a moving average over a given period of time of the logged pressure P int (t) of the gas in the vessel sensed at different times, and the rate of change in temperature dT int /dt of the gas in the vessel over time may also be calculated using a moving average over the same given period of time of the logged temperature T int (t) of the gas in the vessel measured at different times.
  • the given period of time may be defined in relation to the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp which is compared with the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt. For example, it may be between 20 seconds and 10 minutes if the flow control valve is detected to be in an open position and between 10 minutes and 4 hours if the flow control valve is detected to be in the fully closed position.
  • the monitoring apparatus further comprises a display for visually displaying an alarm condition if the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt is less than the first threshold (dP int /dt) min and/or more than the second threshold (dP int /dt) max .
  • the flow control valve, the valve position detector, the internal pressure sensor, the processor, the memory, the alarm, the first user interface, the second user interface, the internal temperature sensor, the external temperature sensor, the external pressure sensor and the display may all be integrated into a unit mountable to the outlet of the vessel.
  • the present invention also provides a vessel storing gas under pressure with an outlet having a monitoring apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention mounted thereto.
  • the monitoring apparatus may have any of the further optional features described above.
  • a gas stored in the vessel under pressure is a therapeutic gas
  • the therapeutic gas may be any combination of medical air, oxygen, helium, heliox (i.e. a helium/oxygen mixture), argon, xenon, nitrous oxide, a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, carbogen (i.e. a carbon dioxide/oxygen mixture), SF 6 and H 2 S, but is not limited to the aforementioned gases.
  • the present invention provides a method of monitoring flow of a gas from an outlet of a vessel storing gas under pressure, comprising the following steps. Controlling the flow of gas from the outlet of the vessel with a flow control valve movable to a position x between a fully open position and a fully closed position, detecting the position x of the flow control valve, sensing a pressure P int (t) of the gas in the vessel at different times, calculating an actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt of the gas in the vessel over time from the pressure of the gas P int (t) in the vessel sensed at different times, storing a volume V of the vessel and for that volume, an expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp of the gas in the vessel for each of a plurality of different positions of the flow control valve, comparing the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt with the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp for the same position
  • the method preferably also comprises defining a second threshold (dP int /dt) max in relation to the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp which is compared with actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt, and generating the alarm signal if the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt is more than the second threshold (dP int /dt) max .
  • the method of monitoring flow of a gas from an outlet of a vessel storing gas under pressure according to the third aspect of the invention may have any of the further optional features of the first aspect of the invention described above.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a monitoring apparatus according to the invention shown on an outlet of a vessel storing gas under pressure;
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing how the pressure of a gas in a vessel storing the gas under pressure and the expected rate of change in pressure of the gas vary over time as the gas is consumed;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a monitoring apparatus according to the invention shown on an outlet of a vessel storing gas under pressure;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an integrated unit containing a monitoring apparatus according to the invention mounted to the outlet of a vessel storing gas under pressure;
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a first embodiment of a method according to the invention of monitoring flow of a gas from an outlet of a vessel storing gas under pressure;
  • FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a second embodiment of a method according to the invention of monitoring flow of a gas from an outlet of a vessel storing gas under pressure.
  • FIG. 1 there is schematically shown a first embodiment 1 of a monitoring apparatus according to the invention on an outlet 10 a of a vessel 10 storing gas under pressure.
  • the monitoring apparatus 1 comprises an internal pressure sensor 14 , a flow control valve 21 , a valve position detector 22 , a processor 16 , a memory 11 and an alarm 18 .
  • the internal pressure sensor 14 senses an internal pressure P int (t) of the gas in the vessel 10 at different times.
  • the internal pressure sensor 14 senses the pressure of the gas in the vessel 10 on exit of the gas from the vessel through outlet 10 a .
  • the internal pressure sensor 14 could instead be contained within the vessel 10 and sense the pressure of the gas in the vessel directly.
  • the flow control valve 21 is movable to a position between a fully open position and a fully closed position to adjust a flow of gas from the outlet 10 a of the vessel 10
  • the valve position detector 22 is connected to the flow control valve 21 to detect the position of the flow control valve.
  • Both the internal pressure sensor 14 and the valve position detector 22 are connected to the processor 16 so that the processor 16 can receive from the internal pressure sensor 14 the pressure P int (t) of the gas in the vessel 10 sensed thereby at different times and can also receive from the valve position detector 22 the position of the valve 21 detected thereby.
  • the alarm 18 is connected to the processor 16 so that the alarm 18 can receive from the processor 16 an alarm signal s.
  • the memory 11 is an internal component of the processor 16 .
  • the memory 11 could instead be connected to the processor 16 as an external component.
  • the processor 16 could comprise an internal memory 11 in addition to being connected to an external memory.
  • the memory 11 stores a volume of the vessel 10 and for that volume, an expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp of the gas in the vessel 10 for each of a plurality of different positions of the flow control valve 21 . Since the flow control valve 21 is manufactured with high precision, a different expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp can be related to each different position of the flow control valve 21 for a particular volume of the vessel.
  • the memory 11 may store a plurality of expected rates of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp for each of a plurality of different positions of the flow control valve 21 , each of the plurality of expected rates of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp being for a different volume of vessel.
  • the processor 16 polls the internal pressure sensor 14 at a given frequency of between 2 and 0.05 times per second and logs in the memory 11 the internal pressure P int (t) of the gas in the vessel 10 sensed by the internal pressure sensor 14 at different times.
  • the processor 16 calculates an actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt of the gas in the vessel 10 over time from the pressure P int (t) of the gas in the vessel 10 sensed by the internal pressure sensor 14 at different times.
  • the processor 16 calculates the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt of the gas in the vessel 10 using a moving average over a given period of time of the logged internal pressure P int (t) of the gas in the vessel 10 sensed at different times.
  • the given period of time is 2 minutes.
  • the processor 16 also polls the valve position detector 22 at the same given frequency and logs the position of the valve 21 detected thereby in the memory 11 . It then compares the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt with the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp for the position of the valve 21 detected by the valve position detector 22 and for the volume of the vessel 10 stored in the memory 11 .
  • the processor 16 finds that the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt is less than a first threshold (dP/dt) min defined in relation to the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp which is compared with the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt and/or is more than a second threshold (dP/dt) max also defined in relation to the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp which is compared with the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt, then the processor issues an alarm signal s to the alarm 18 to activate the alarm.
  • a first threshold dP/dt
  • dP int /dt the expected rate of change in pressure
  • Either or both of the first and second thresholds (dP int /dt) min and (dP int /dt) max may be manually defined in relation to the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp by a user of the monitoring apparatus 1 , such as a clinician.
  • the user may set the first and second thresholds (dP int /dt) min and (dP int /dt) max to be 25% above and below the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp .
  • the monitoring apparatus 1 may be provided with a first user interface 23 , such as a touch screen, as shown in and described below in relation to FIG. 4 .
  • the processor 16 may be able to calculate at least one of the first and second thresholds (dP int /dt) min , (dP int /dt) max in dependence on the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp which is compared to the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt.
  • the processor 16 could also set the first and second thresholds (dP int /dt) min and (dP int /dt) max to be 25% above and below the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp .
  • the processor 16 could calculate a range (dP int /dt) max ⁇ (dP int /dt) min of acceptable rates of change in pressure between the first and second thresholds (dP int /dt) min , (dP int /dt) max to be proportional to the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp which is compared with the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt.
  • the processor would set the range (dP int /dt) max (dP int /dt) min of acceptable rates of change in pressure to be proportionally large, whereas if the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp is small, the processor would set the range (dP int /dt) max (dP int /dt) min of acceptable rates of change in pressure to be proportionally small.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing how the internal pressure P int of the gas in the vessel 10 changes over time t as the gas is used up.
  • the processor can set the range (dP int /dt) max ⁇ (dP int /dt) min of acceptable rates of change in pressure to be proportionally large.
  • the processor can set the range (dP int /dt) max ⁇ (dP int /dt) min of acceptable rates of change in pressure to be correspondingly less.
  • the processor 16 gives the alarm signal s a first characteristic if the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt is less than the first threshold (dP int /dt) min and a second characteristic different from the first characteristic if the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt is more than the second threshold (dP int /dt) max .
  • the first characteristic may be a series of short beeps and the second characteristic may be a series of longer beeps.
  • the alarm signal has a different sound if the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt is too low from if the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt is too high.
  • a user of the monitoring apparatus 1 may be able to manually disable the alarm 18 .
  • the monitoring apparatus 1 may be provided with a second user interface 24 , such as a push button, as shown in and described below in relation to FIG. 4 , and/or the first user interface 23 may be provided with additional functionality to allow the user to do so.
  • FIG. 3 there is schematically shown a second embodiment 2 of a monitoring apparatus according to the invention on an outlet 10 a of a vessel 10 storing gas under pressure.
  • the monitoring apparatus 2 further comprises an internal temperature sensor 13 , an external temperature sensor 15 , an external pressure sensor 17 and a display 19 .
  • the internal temperature sensor 13 senses a temperature T int (t) of the gas in the vessel 10 at different times.
  • the internal temperature sensor 13 senses the temperature of the gas in the vessel 10 on exit of the gas from the vessel through outlet 10 a .
  • the temperature sensor 13 could instead be contained within the vessel 10 and sense the temperature of the gas in the vessel directly.
  • the external temperature sensor 15 measures a temperature T ext of an external environment 20 of the vessel 10 and the external pressure sensor 17 senses a pressure P ext of the external environment 20 .
  • the internal temperature sensor 13 , the external temperature sensor 15 and the external pressure sensor 17 are all connected to the processor 16 so that the processor 16 can receive from the internal temperature sensor 13 the temperature T int (t) of the gas in the vessel 10 sensed thereby at different times, and can also receive from the external temperature sensor 15 and the external pressure sensor 17 the temperature T ext and the pressure P ext of the external environment 20 , respectively, sensed thereby.
  • the display 19 is also connected to the processor 16 so that the display 19 can visually display an alarm condition if the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt is less than the first threshold (dP int /dt) min and/or more than the second threshold (dP int /dt) max .
  • monitoring apparatus 2 carries out all the same functions in the same way as monitoring apparatus 1 described above. Additionally, however, the processor 16 of monitoring apparatus 2 polls at least one of the internal temperature sensor 13 , the external temperature sensor 15 and the external pressure sensor 17 at a given frequency of between 2 and 0.05 times per second and correspondingly logs in the memory 11 at least one of the temperature T int (t) of the gas in the vessel 10 measured by the internal temperature sensor 13 at different times, the measured temperature T ext of the external environment 20 of the vessel 10 and the sensed pressure P ext of the external environment 20 . Depending on what information the processor 16 has logged in the memory 11 , the processor 16 then calculates one or more of the following quantities.
  • the processor 16 then either adjusts a value of at least one of the first and second thresholds (dP int /dt) min and (dP int /dt) max or disables the alarm 18 on the basis of one or more of these quantities.
  • the processor can compensate for changes in the actual rate of change in pressure of the gas in the vessel induced by the unusual operating conditions, in order to avoid a false alarm from being generated by the unusual operating conditions.
  • the processor 16 calculates a rate of change in temperature dT int /dt of the gas in the vessel 10 over time from the temperature T int (t) of the gas in the vessel 10 sensed by the internal temperature sensor 13 at different times, it performs this calculation using a moving average of the logged temperature T int (t) of the gas in the vessel 10 measured at different times over the same given period as the processor 16 uses to calculate the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt of the gas in the vessel 10 .
  • the given period of time can be defined in relation to the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp which is compared with the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt.
  • the given period of time can be between 20 seconds and 10 minutes if the flow control valve 21 is detected to be in an open position, so that the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp will be significantly more than if the flow control valve 21 is detected to be in the fully closed position, in which case, the given period of time can be between 10 minutes and 4 hours, since the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp is then zero.
  • FIG. 4 there is schematically shown an exemplary embodiment of an integrated unit 30 containing a monitoring apparatus according to the invention mounted to the outlet 10 a of a vessel 10 storing gas under pressure.
  • the unit 30 contains the flow control valve 21 , the valve position detector 22 , the internal pressure sensor 14 , the processor 16 , the memory 11 , the alarm 18 , the first user interface 23 , the second user interface 24 , the internal temperature sensor 13 , the external temperature sensor 15 , the external pressure sensor 17 and the display 19 , which are connected to each other and function as described above.
  • the first user interface 23 is a touch screen and the second user interface 24 is a push button.
  • the touch screen also functions as a display 19 for visually displaying an alarm condition if the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt is less than the first threshold (dP int /dt) min and/or more than the second threshold (dP int /dt) max .
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a first embodiment of a method of monitoring flow of a gas from an outlet of a vessel storing gas under pressure.
  • step 110 a volume V of the vessel and for that volume, an expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp of the gas in the vessel for each of a plurality of different positions of the flow control valve are initially stored.
  • step 120 the flow of gas from the outlet of the vessel is controlled with a flow control valve movable to a position x between a fully open position and a fully closed position and in step 130 , the position x of the flow control valve is detected.
  • step 140 an internal pressure P int (t) of the gas in the vessel is sensed at different times.
  • step 150 an actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt of the gas in the vessel over time is calculated from the pressure of the gas P int (t) in the vessel sensed at different times.
  • step 160 the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt of the gas in the vessel is then compared with the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp for the same position x of the valve as was detected in step 130 and the same volume V of the vessel as was stored in step 110 .
  • a first threshold (dP int /dt) min is defined in relation to the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp which is compared with the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt and in step 180 , an alarm signal s if generated if the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt is found to be less than the first threshold (dP int /dt) min .
  • FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a second embodiment of a method of monitoring flow of a gas from an outlet of a vessel storing gas under pressure.
  • the method of FIG. 6 comprises steps 110 to 180 as described in relation to FIG. 5 above. Additionally, however, the method of FIG.
  • a second threshold (dP int /dt) max is defined in relation to the expected rate of change in pressure (dP int /dt) exp which is compared with the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt
  • a step 181 in which the alarm signal s is also generated if the actual rate of change in pressure dP int /dt is more than the second threshold (dP int /dt) max .
  • step 6 includes additional steps 190 , in which a temperature T int (t) of the gas in the vessel is measured at different times, and 191 , in which at least one of a rate of change in temperature dT int /dt of the gas in the vessel over time and the second derivative d 2 T int /dt 2 with respect to time of the temperature of the gas in the vessel are calculated from the temperature of the gas T int (t) in the vessel sensed at different times in step 190 .
  • At least one of the rate of change in temperature dT int /dt of the gas in the vessel over time and the second derivative d 2 T int /dt 2 with respect to time of the temperature of the gas in the vessel are then used to adjust the values of the first and second thresholds (dP int /dt) min and dP int /dt) max defined in steps 170 and 171 .
  • Steps 190 and 191 are representative of alternative possible embodiments in which the external temperature or pressure of an environment of the vessel may alternatively or additionally be used to adjust at least one of the values of the first and second thresholds (dP int /dt) min and dP int /dt) max defined in steps 170 and 171 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
  • Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)
US16/063,494 2015-12-18 2016-12-08 Monitoring apparatus for pressure vessels Active US10619795B2 (en)

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GB1522457.9 2015-12-18
GB1522457.9A GB2545504A (en) 2015-12-18 2015-12-18 Monitoring apparatus
PCT/EP2016/080243 WO2017102537A1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2016-12-08 Appareil de surveillance pour récipients sous pression

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EP3390892B1 (fr) 2024-08-21
GB201522457D0 (en) 2016-02-03
CA3008187A1 (fr) 2017-06-22
WO2017102537A1 (fr) 2017-06-22
US20190003649A1 (en) 2019-01-03
EP3390892C0 (fr) 2024-08-21
EP3390892A1 (fr) 2018-10-24
GB2545504A (en) 2017-06-21
AU2016372104A1 (en) 2018-06-28

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