US1105992A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

E. MtiHL.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.12,1913,

Patented Aug. 4 19% 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

W/T/VESSES.

4770/P/VE Y.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.1Z, 1913. 1,105,992. Patented Aug. 4, 1914b 2 SHEETS-*SHBET Z.

"mul /4g 2/ W/r/vEssEs: 22 2/ [AWE/W0? Ernsz Mil/ By 1 J 0 W Tollll whom/c; may concern 7 vert the kineticenergy of a fluid, like steam,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

Emrs'r MuHL, or PHILA EI PH IA, riahnsYLvAnIa,-nssIG on oi? ONE-HALF TO o'r'ro DONATZ, F TRENTON, NEWJERSEY.

TURBINE.

Specification of iettei'rs fatent.

'l s iiaanrmaa August re, 1913. Serial No. 754,299.

Be a known that IJFJERNQTI Meant citie t d t tes a d I S1fl 9 Philadelphia, in the county of lnladelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new. and useful Improvements in Turbines, of which the following is a speclfication. Th s. inv nt n r a s t urbin a particularly to suchas are adapted to con-- into the mechanical energy of a rotating wheel. ,The principaldist nction between this", and any other known type of turbine is, that whereas the present day turbine is driven peripherally, my improved turbine is driven facially. l One of the principal objects of my invention is a turbine wheel providedwith blades L, exhaust as toobvia-te the whi p j c ax y f om itsf cs sad: are adapted toreceive the impulses of a et of steam directed by a nozzle, u H

Another, object isa lulrflbine wheel whicn may be cast in one pieceand adapted to be ,rotated in opposite direction l aAnother objectofmyrinventiqn is a turbiIie wheel driven facially by a fluid under pressure -and provided-with such a perfect necessity of pack- 1. 1 ,2, l A.v still furth rtobi c of h inv nt on facially driven turbine wheel adap ed to run t a nstanbspje iii.

A still further object of this; invention is to provid ple; i xpens ve du abl economical and efiicient-means-for converting thekinetie energy of a moving fluid into the mechanical energyof rotation. V i

, drawings, and embraced within the scope or theappend la iI ,thesaid,drawingsi Fig ure islan ele-e vation of a -facially driven turbine intended tobe operatedby steam Fig. 2 is a central section thereof; Fig. 3 is a par'tia developmentthereof; Fig. fl: is alongitu lnal section of a valve .ox inconnectlon therewith; Fig. 5 is an elevation of a governor in connection therewith; F ig. 6 is aside view N: I o .H l ,l"v .il'-/ thereof, and F g. 7 1s a fragmentary view of a nozzle.

v In the drawings,.1 designates a Wheel prov ded with a hub 2 adapted .to be mounted on ashaft 3,- and with serrated faces 4. A steam chest 5, supported by; a bracket 6 to face the wheel, is provided with ports 7. Eaclrport carries a nozzle ,8 adapted to .direct a jet of steam against a blade 9 of, a tooth of the Serratedring which faces the chest, along the face which connects the cre t of a to 9th with the root of the blade, an the lip 30 of the nozzle which is adapted to bridge t e crests of at'least two teeth. steam c est i'sfedby a pipe 10, which is connected by a portt39' with the pocket of a valve bolt 11 supplied with steam by a main 12.; In the valve box is, mounted a slide valve 13 having a port 40 and provided with a rack 14- in mesh with a gear 15 mounted on a .shaft 16 which is'carried by the box 11. On the shaft lfi is also mount; ed a crank 17 which is pivotally connected \vith-a rod 18. I i 5 1 I L a .A ball overnor 19 is vertically supported by a brac (et 20 which is provided with bear; ings for a horizontal shaift 21. The shaft carriesa bevel gear 22 in mes lrwith a. simi- Iargear which is mounted ddfhe governor spindle2 3, The governor bal s which ,are adapted torevolve with the spindle are con eaty rods 24: with a collar 25 slidingly mounted, on said spindle, The collar-Wis provided with a horizontal arm 26 ada ted to slide in the vertical slot 27 ofthe bracket 20. On top of said bracket is pivotally mounted a crank 28 which is pivotally connected with a suspended lever 29 and with the rod 18. The lever 29 is projected through a central pertoration of the arm 26, which carrles a perforated nut 31 adapted to formafloating fulcrum for the lever. The free end of the lever carriesa nut .32 which supports a spring wound on the lever under the arm 26. a I

The governorshaft 21 carriesta pulley 33 adapted to be belt connected with a similar pulley mounted on the wheel shaft 3, which s horiz cmtally supported bybearings ,ot the pedestals 34. The wheel pulley 35,, for which may, fesubstitutd e the a gear or coupling, adapted to transmitt e, powerdeveloped'by the wheel. The

wheel is mounted in acasing36 which is provided with an exhaust 37 and with a draft hole 38:

By reference to the drawing, the operaihaft carries a a direction opposite tion of the turbine is as follows :-Steam is a forced by the pipe 12 into the pocket of the box 11 around the cylindrical port *0 of the the nozzles, constituting siihstantially an QX- panded portion of the nozzle. The expanded steam jet as it strikesfthe blade causes the wheel to rotate and is at the same time diverted by the blade to discharge facially atan angle with the direction of the jet, which prevents any back pressure. The governor shaft 21, driven from the wheel shaft. transmits its motion to the spindle 23. The springcoil wound on-the spindle is adapted to prevent the centrifugal movement of the balls when the speed of the turbine wheel is constant. Any increased speed of the wheel causes the balls to move centrifugally. The centrifugal movement of the governor is communicated to the collar 2-5 by the connecting rods 24 to cause it to move upwardly together with its arm 26. The nut 31 which is forced to slide upwardly on the lever 29.

causes its arm which is connected to the crank .28 to rockin the direction of the spindle 23, which forces the rod 18 to rock the valve crank 17 in the direction of the pipe 12. This movement is communicated to the-valve which is caused to slide in a to that of the rod 18 and to partlyclose the port 39. The spring coil v on the lower arm of the lever 29 is adapted to restore the normal condition, whenever,

there is a tendency for the speed to decrease.

Having thus described a onesided turbine, those conversantfwith the art will find no difficulty to make a double acting turbine, I

therefore illustrated in the drawing a reversible turbine. As shown in the drawing, the turbine wheel is allso provided with a second serrated ring having blades 9 adapted to be impelled in a direction opposite to that of the arrow heads by jets from nozzles 8, through ports 7 of the chest 5' fed by a pipe 10 which is connected with the valve box by a port 39 controlled by the valve port 4:0. To reverse the turbine, it is only necessary to swing the crank 17 to a position opposite that shown in Fig. 4, whereby the port 39 is closed and the port 39 opened, and the lever 29 is rocked in a position opposite to that shown in Fig.\

5. When the crank 17 is moved from the which is adapted to beposition shown Fig. 4 into an opposite position, it mustbe moved through the position wherein it is at right angles with the valve, which brings the valve to a position in which both ports are closed to cause the turbine to stop before it'is reversed. \Vith the above described arrangement it becomes lIllPOSSlblB'fOl the turbine to reverse itself,

as the perpendicular position of the valve crank causes a dead center.

The construction and arrangement thus far shown and described is considered suflicient where the object is simplicity, low initial'cost, rough and ready usage, and capable to be operated by an unskilled person. But without departing from the principle of this invention it can be so modified as to produce a highly eflicient machine and economical in the consumption of steam. The faces of the wheel may be provided with a series of rings, each ring provided with a modified series of blades, to be acted upon by jets adapted to-direct the steam in stages and to utilize almost its entire range of expansion.

In its broader aspect my of the various means described, but of equivalent means for performing the recited objects, and it 1s desired to reserve the right invention, there-- fore, .comprehends the employment not only.

to eifect such modifications and variations thereof as may come fairly within the scope of the appended claims.

What I now claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent, is f 1. In a turbine, a wheel, a closure thereor, the wheel, means for forcing steam through said nozzle, said closure provided with -an exhaust for said steam, and with hole adapted to force said steam through the exhaust. V A

2. In a turbine, a wheel adapted. to be moved by the action of a fluid thereon, a closure therefor provided with means adapted to convey the moving fiuid'to the wheel, said closure provided with an exhaust, and with a draft opening adapted to force 'the moving fluid through said exhaust.

3. Ina turbine, a wheel, a closure therefor, means .for conveying steam through the 010 are to the wheel, said closure provided wi 11 an exhaust and with a draft, opening to force the steam through the exhaust.

In testimony whereof Ihereunto afiix my a draft,

a nozzle inside the closure and facing signature in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

nnns'r Mt'iHL.

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