US11113943B2 - Systems and methods for predictive environmental fall risk identification - Google Patents

Systems and methods for predictive environmental fall risk identification Download PDF

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US11113943B2
US11113943B2 US16/866,194 US202016866194A US11113943B2 US 11113943 B2 US11113943 B2 US 11113943B2 US 202016866194 A US202016866194 A US 202016866194A US 11113943 B2 US11113943 B2 US 11113943B2
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sensor
user
environmental map
risk
training
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US20200357256A1 (en
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Jacob R. Wright
Hannah S. Rich
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Electronic Caregiver Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06NCOMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/02Neural networks
    • G06N3/04Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
    • G06N3/045Combinations of networks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06NCOMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N20/00Machine learning
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06NCOMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/02Neural networks
    • G06N3/08Learning methods
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06NCOMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/02Neural networks
    • G06N3/08Learning methods
    • G06N3/09Supervised learning
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06NCOMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/02Neural networks
    • G06N3/08Learning methods
    • G06N3/092Reinforcement learning
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/04Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to non-activity, e.g. of elderly persons
    • G08B21/0407Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to non-activity, e.g. of elderly persons based on behaviour analysis
    • G08B21/0423Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to non-activity, e.g. of elderly persons based on behaviour analysis detecting deviation from an expected pattern of behaviour or schedule
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/04Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to non-activity, e.g. of elderly persons
    • G08B21/0438Sensor means for detecting
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/60ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/67ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/50ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for simulation or modelling of medical disorders

Definitions

  • the present technology pertains to systems and methods for predictive environmental fall risk identification.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a system of one or more computers which can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of having software, firmware, hardware, or a combination thereof installed on the system that in operation causes or cause the system to perform actions and/or method steps as described herein.
  • the present technology is methods for predictive environmental fall risk identification for a user.
  • the method comprises: (a) receiving dynamic observations of an environmental map using a sensor; (b) determining the environmental map; (c) collecting a set of risk factors for the environmental map using the sensor; (d) assessing the set of risk factors for the environmental map for the user; (e) creating a first training set comprising the collected set of risk factors; (f) training an artificial neural network in a first stage using the first training set; (g) creating a second training set for a second stage of training comprising the first training set and the dynamic observations of the environmental map; (h) training the artificial neural network in the second stage using the second training set; (i) predicting a fall risk of the user using the artificial neural network; and (j) sending an alert to the user based on the dynamic observations of the environmental map and the fall risk of the user.
  • the senor includes but is not limited to a visual sensor.
  • the sensor includes a Radio Frequency (RF) sensor, light detection and ranging sensor (“LiDAR”), an audio sensor, a temperature sensor, a light sensor, and the like.
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • LiDAR light detection and ranging sensor
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of methods for predictive environmental fall risk identification according to exemplary embodiments of the present technology.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an environmental map for predictive environmental fall risk identification according to exemplary embodiments of the present technology.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an environmental map for predictive environmental fall risk identification with changes in the environment being detected according to exemplary embodiments of the present technology.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a computer system according to exemplary embodiments of the present technology.
  • ML in the context of camera technology and home-health as a solution to increase safety in the home environment.
  • type of ML that uses Reinforced Learning (RL) to produce the Environmental Fall Risks (EFRTM) associated, which is dependent upon the individual (i.e., a user) and (changes in) time and notifies at-risk individuals.
  • RL Reinforced Learning
  • EFRTM Environmental Fall Risks
  • Embodiments of the present technology are a solution that reduces the high cost of home-health-care monitoring while decreasing hazards and preventing falls, and maintaining a user's safety and independence.
  • Embodiments of the present technology are environment assessment systems and methods that identify risks that human interpretation is unable to anticipate, notice risks quickly, and alert the user.
  • Embodiments of the present technology include a simulated environment that incorporates near-real-time technology to predict and detect risks.
  • Some embodiments of the present technology use simulations and visual sensors to produce Reinforced Learning (RL) models that accurately predict potential and existing EFRTM, as well as identify newly developed EFRTM in near-real time.
  • Potential and existing factors include furniture placement, room-dependent risk, user's individual fall risk, and the progression of time.
  • Each room in an environment has a calculated EFRTM from contributing factors.
  • Exemplary contributing factors include floor changes (e.g. traveling from rug to carpet, tile to rug, etc.), uneven floors (i.e. uneven tiles), room-dependent baseline (bathrooms have high fall risk), and furniture placement.
  • Additional exemplary contributing factors of environmental fall risks are not physical textures/obstructions and include causalities of non-physical attributes (i.e.
  • Time progression calculates in near-real time changing EFRTM for room-dependent risk and individual fall risk factors combined.
  • risk values for suggested furniture rearrangement may be defined as potential and existing risks, which are high (low) if an initial value is greater than or equal to sixty percent (less than thirty percent), becomes high (low) for greater than fifty percent (less than ten percent) after a sequence.
  • these models are produced with training data gathered and analyzed by systems of the present technology to include all factors listed changing in time and output new fall risks.
  • the RL model of the user and the EFRTM is integrated with visual sensors. For example, a person with 75 percent individual fall risk is in a room with 0 percent, their total does not change. Now, the same person in a room with 21.3 percent risk, then the total risk is increased. There is also a dependent relationship on time. The longer the person is in a room, the higher the risk (i.e., total risk includes individual, room, and time). For example, this baseline may be established for an equation that depends on time (see equation 1 below):
  • the same visual sensors that detected the time someone remained in a room have also been placed to maximize square-feet covered. If the shower has 1 major risk, it has a score of fifty risk units. If the living room area with a view of the kitchen has several medium and minor risks with a score of two-hundred risk units, a sensor is placed there instead of in the bathroom.
  • Embodiments of the present technology use a trained model to automatically identify hazards and notify at-risk individuals of RL-identified falling hazards and EFRTM.
  • this RL technique identifies common and ambiguous Environmental Fall Risks (EFR) in real time, incorporates individual variables, and reduce health costs by preventing falls.
  • EFR Environmental Fall Risks
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart 100 of methods for predictive environmental fall risk identification according to exemplary embodiments of the present technology.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simulation process implemented to predict and identify Environmental Fall Risks (EFRTM).
  • the first step in the simulation process is input information that is taken by an agent using Reinforced Learning (RL) from measurements of environment state, with objects, to start mapping the environment in three dimensions.
  • RL Reinforced Learning
  • Methods and systems of the present technology take an action based off what is detected by interacting with the surroundings.
  • the agent evaluates actions through a reward function and learns how to improve capabilities.
  • the reward function stipulates that all goals can be achieved by maximizing the expected future reward over all sequences.
  • the agent is a self-driving car that creates an environmental map (e.g., a map of a home). For example, small computers connected to sensors with ML models deployed to them assess and identify fall risks.
  • the agent e.g., a self-driving car
  • produces a baseline of the environment and environment optimization recommendations e.g., rearranging furniture, lighting adjustments, etc.
  • the baseline of the RL that the sensors use to detect changes.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an environmental map 200 for predictive environmental fall risk identification according to exemplary embodiments of the present technology.
  • FIG. 2 shows fall risks are established by incorporating items in the Environmental Map with users' individual risk, progression in time, and predefined dependent factors. Contributing factors include furniture placement, floor changes (risks increase when traveling from a carpet to tile, rug to carpet or tile, etc.), and room-dependent risks. Variables for room-dependent risk for falls include 35.7% in the bathroom, 21.3% in the bedroom, and 15.3% in the kitchen. The percentages are provided as examples and are non-limiting.
  • the agent starts the initial sequence on the left by the front door, goes into the bedroom, and finishes the last sequence after going through the kitchen.
  • the agent has interacted, detected what should be included in the next environmental state x 2 , mapped them, and identified associated risks. This equation is provided as an example and its accuracy improves using ML as additional data is collected.
  • the agent needs to figure out the map and identify if the agent is in a bedroom or bathroom, and so on, while simultaneously identifying and mapping risks (e.g. from furniture or rug placement).
  • An individual user is notified of specific risks and furniture rearrangement(s) is suggested with associated changes in risks.
  • the change of tile yields a high-risk for falls.
  • the agent includes user's individual fall risk and time progression.
  • PCA Principle Component Analysis
  • the method consists of adapting the method for one dimensional data to three dimensional.
  • h(x) Path length
  • c(n) Measure of convergence
  • s(x,n) Anomaly score of an instance x
  • H(i) Hardmonic number, estimated by ln(i)+0.5772156649
  • E(h(x)) Average of h(x) averaged over a forest of random trees.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an environmental map 300 for predictive environmental fall risk identification with changes in the environment being detected according to exemplary embodiments of the present technology.
  • FIG. 3 shows new risks associated with furniture rearrangement, how changes in the environment are detected by the visual sensors using RL to identify newly developed risks, and placement of visual sensors to maximize sq.-ft coverage. Maximized coverage gives the ability to identify and detect both, newly formed risks, and time remained in the room (or absence thereof). For example, FIG. 3 shows a cat has knocked over a vase, forming a puddle changing the fall risk for a user. In near-real-time, the user is notified of the change in fall risk.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a computer system according to exemplary embodiments of the present technology.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of an example machine in the form of a computer system 1 , within which a set of instructions for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed.
  • the machine operates as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines.
  • the machine may operate in the capacity of a server or a client machine in a server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment.
  • the machine may be a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a portable music player (e.g., a portable hard drive audio device such as an Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer 3 (MP3) player), a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine.
  • PC personal computer
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • MP3 Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer 3
  • MP3 Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer 3
  • web appliance e.g., a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine.
  • machine shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.
  • the example computer system 1 includes a processor or multiple processor(s) 5 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or both), and a main memory 10 and static memory 15 , which communicate with each other via a bus 20 .
  • the computer system 1 may further include a video display 35 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD)).
  • a processor or multiple processor(s) 5 e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or both
  • main memory 10 and static memory 15 which communicate with each other via a bus 20 .
  • the computer system 1 may further include a video display 35 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD)).
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • the computer system 1 may also include an alpha-numeric input device(s) 30 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device (e.g., a mouse), a voice recognition or biometric verification unit (not shown), a drive unit 37 (also referred to as disk drive unit), a signal generation device 40 (e.g., a speaker), and a network interface device 45 .
  • the computer system 1 may further include a data encryption module (not shown) to encrypt data.
  • the disk drive unit 37 includes a computer or machine-readable medium 50 on which is stored one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., instructions 55 ) embodying or utilizing any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein.
  • the instructions 55 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 10 and/or within the processor(s) 5 during execution thereof by the computer system 1 .
  • the main memory 10 and the processor(s) 5 may also constitute machine-readable media.
  • the instructions 55 may further be transmitted or received over a network via the network interface device 45 utilizing any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g., Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)).
  • HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
  • the machine-readable medium 50 is shown in an example embodiment to be a single medium, the term “computer-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions.
  • computer-readable medium shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the machine and that causes the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the present application, or that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures utilized by or associated with such a set of instructions.
  • the term “computer-readable medium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, optical and magnetic media, and carrier wave signals. Such media may also include, without limitation, hard disks, floppy disks, flash memory cards, digital video disks, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), and the like.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • the example embodiments described herein may be implemented in an operating environment comprising software installed on a computer, in hardware, or in a combination of software and hardware.
  • the Internet service may be configured to provide Internet access to one or more computing devices that are coupled to the Internet service, and that the computing devices may include one or more processors, buses, memory devices, display devices, input/output devices, and the like.
  • the Internet service may be coupled to one or more databases, repositories, servers, and the like, which may be utilized in order to implement any of the embodiments of the disclosure as described herein.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable medium that can direct a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
  • the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

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SG11202111811RA (en) 2021-11-29
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JP2022531490A (ja) 2022-07-06
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KR20210151885A (ko) 2021-12-14
EP3966657A1 (fr) 2022-03-16
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US20200357256A1 (en) 2020-11-12
US20210398410A1 (en) 2021-12-23

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