US1216043A - Carbureter. - Google Patents

Description

G. A. F. AH LBERG.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. II. 191'). I

Patented Feb. 13

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CARBUREIEB.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 11. ms. 1, 21 6,043. I Patented Feb. 13,1917.

W 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3- Q i v N G. A. F. AHLBERG. cmau nmn. APPLICATION FILED SEPT- I I. 1915.

V Patented Feb. 13, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4 GUSTAV A. F. AHLBEEG, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 13, 1917.

Application filed September 11, 1915. Seria' No. 50,196.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GUs'rAv. A. F. Ann BERG, residing at Pittsburgh, in the county of' Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carbureters, of which the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, formlng a part of this specification, in which corresponding numerals of reference. in the differ ent figures indicate like parts.

One object of my invention is to provide a simple, cheap and effective carburetor adapted for the use of kerosene or other heavyhydrocarbon oils, which may be uti' lized in conjunction with auxiliary or starting and main vaporizing appliances and controlling mechanism, in such a way as to cause heated fuel and air to be first introduced directly to the motor, after which the controlling mechanism may be so manipulated was to throw said auxiliary appliance out and bring said principal one into commission. A further object is to so combine the carbureting chamber with heating means and to so construct and dispose said chamber with reference to primary and auxiliary air supplying means, that rapid evaporation of the fuel may be induced, while the air and fuel may be caused o impinge upon each other at widely diver ing angles with respect to their relative directions of movement and at different periods in the cycle, thereby insuring a complete and liomogeneous explosive mi-xtiure,-all of which is hereinafter more particularly described and definitely pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings,

Figure 1, is a plan of a carbureter embodying the features of my invention, Fig. 2, is a-section taken generally upon the line 2-2, Fig. 1, viewed in the direction of the arrow there shown, a slight variation, to avoid confusion, being indicated upon the line 2'-2, F ig. 4; while the remaining portion is shown upon the line 22, F ig. 3,'

viewed as indicated by the arrows in said respective figures.

Fig. 3, is a transverse section upon the line 8-3, Fig. 2, viewed as indicated,

Fig. i, is a like view taken upon the line ie- 1 Fig. 2, Y

Fig, 5, is a left-hand elevation,

Fig. 6, is a vertical section taken upon the line 6- Fig. 2, viewed as indicated by the arrow,

Fig. 7, is a like view showing the valve in a revised p0 51111011,

Fig. 8, is I. plan taken upon the line 88, Fig. 7, viewed in the direction indicated by the arrow, and

Fig. 9, is a face view of the adjustable air-valve.

Referring to the drawings, 1, Figs. 1 and 2, indicates generally the main casing which is formed from cast metal provided with an upiight portion 2, at the left hand, which is integral therewith and upon which is formed a flange 3, for connecting it to a motor. Prtferably cast in a separate piece and permanently attached to the main or middle par. 1, by means of the flanges 1, Fig. 1, is a casing member. generally designated by 5. The casing members 1 and 5, are jacketed or double walled, as better shown in F lg. 2, the latter having an annular chambei 6, which is in communication at 7, with an :nnular chamber 8, in the part 1, leading at the left-hand end thereof to an exhaust opening 9, Fig. 4:, open to the atmosphere. The part 5, is provided with a central vertical chamber 10, which is closed at the top by means of a removable cap 11, supplemented by a heat insulating plate or number 12. Tapped into a central bore formed in the inner casing at the lower end of the part 5,is a cylindrical. member open at bo 1h ends, which is extended longi tudinally hrough the main casing to the atmosphere, the diameter of said tube being considerab y less than that of the tube 15.

Located within the main casing 1, and adapted to form an inner wall thereto, is an electric heating coil 17, of known construction, the Bl-IlliflfllS 18, and 19, of which, shown in lig. 3, are connected with a source 1 of electric energy. The annular space 20,

between said heating coil and the tube 16, which --'forms a carbureting chamber, is in communication with the space surrounding the heat radiator 13, which latter space is in communication with the atn'losphe-re through an opening 21, Fig. 2. Interposed between the tube 16, and the heating coil 17, substantially midway between the ends of the main casing, is an elongated ring 22, Figs. 2 and P, the walls of which are flared outwardly from the middle toward the ends so as to form a restricted annular space between said tube and ring for a purpose hereinafter stated. Tapped into the bottom of the casing l is a valve-plug 23, having an enlarged central bore 24, leading to a restricted. open ing adapted to be closed by means of a needlevalve 25 The needle opening terminates in an enlarged bore 26,. formed in an upwardly extended portion 27, which is passed'tlnrough a bore in the ring 22, with its upper end flush with the inner surface of said ring. upper portion of the bore 26 is flared ontwardly, as shown.

The needle valve 25, is provided with a stem 28, having a threaded portion 29, which is tapped into a plug 30. A packing gland .31 incloses the upper unthreaded portion to prevent leakage. The plug 30 is screwed into the bottom of a liquid uel reservoir 32, formed upon and extending laterally from the main casing. An adjusting disk or wheel 33, has peripheral indentations adapted to receive'the pointed end of a holding pin 84, Fig. 2, yieldingl held in a socket within a member 35, rigi ly attached to a ring 36, secured to the lower end of the plug 30. This construction enables the needle valve to be accurately adjusted and maintained in any desired position.

Tapped into the bottom of'the reservoir '32, is a plug 37, Fig. 3, having a bore 38, in

communication with a source of liquid fuel supply. The upper part of said bore is en larged as shown at 39, to form a valve-seat for the reception of a needle valve 40, which is-loosely guided through a bore in a disk 41, fitted in the upper part of the bore 39. Lateral bores 42, permit the liquid fuel to enter the reservoir when the valve is unseated. The reservoir is provided with. a closed tov er 43, having a central bore through which the stem 43 of needle valve {10 projects and which serves as a guide bearing therefor. Weights 44, are formed upon the free ends of horizontal levers 44. pivoted at 45, to lugs 46, formed upon the under face of the cover A ring 47, rigidly attached to the valve-stem 43', has sockets in its periphery for the reception of roundedends'48, upon the short arms of the levers 44. The weights 44 rest upon a float 49, having a central bore for the reception of the valve-stem 43". This construction enables the valve 40 to be closed The sulliciently to lift) the float 49 and wei hts 44 g to the proper height to actuate the controlling levers 44 and move'the valve stem 43 downwardly.

The valve-plug 23 is provided witha transverse bore 50, at the base of the large bore 26, which bore 50, is in communication with a horizontal bore or duct 51, leading toward the left to the end of the main casing. A relatively small auxiliary liquid fuel reservoir, generally designated by 52, Figs. 4 to 7 iru lusive, has its upper end tapped into the bottom of the main casing l, as shown in Fig. 4. An electric heating coil 53, having terminals 54, 55, connected with a source of electric energy, common to the heating coil 17, is arranged to inclose the reservoir 52 for the purpose of heating its contents. A jet 56, is )rovidedwith an enlarged base 57, which is iitted in the upper end of the reservoir 52, and has one or more vertical bores 58, therein for the purpose hereinafter stated. 2

through the casing from the conduit 51, the

axis of said bore being substantially coincident with that of the jet 56, in which latter are formed small bores 61, in communication with thebore 60.

i The upper end of the jet 56, istapered and adjusted to enter the lower open tie/11d of a short tube 62, which is fitted within a bore inv the casing and extended downwardly into the carbureting chamber 20, and is of a diameter suflicient to permit air from said chamber to enter it around said jet.

The upper end of the tube 62 is in com mun ication with a chamber (53, Figs. 2, 4 and H, from which a short bore 64, formed in the casing leads into operative commimication .with a curved channel. or groove 65, shown in Figs. 2 and 8, and indicated in dotted lines in Figs. 6 and T, which groove is formed in the end of a rotary or oscillatable valve 66, journaled in the part 2 of the casing. A,

screw-plug 66*is fitted in the casing for the An endplate 70, is attached to the end of the part 2, of the casing by means of screws 71, Fig. 5, which plate is provided with lugs 72,- having set-screws 7 3, tapped therein; said screws, when adjusted, being secured in place by ,means of lock-nuts 74. The set bore conforms in diameter,

screws are in the plane of the lever 69 and are intended to form adjustable stops therefor to permit said lever to be moved through an arc of about ninety degrees for the purpose hereinafter stated.

. The valve 66 is provided with a central bore 75, at right angles to its axis, which and when in normal position, is adapted to coincide with, a vertical bore 76, formed in the part2 of the casing and adapted to communicate directly with the motor cylinder, said bore constituting a mixing chamber. Said valve 66 is also provided with a horizontal bore 77, corresponding in diameter and position and in direct communication with the carburetin position the valve will be open and when reversed it will be closed. When fully open, the valve will be in communication with the carbureting chamber as well as with the atmosphere through the lower part of the bore 76. 1

The curved groove 65, in the end of the valve 66, is in communication with a horizontally arranged duct 78, Figs. 6, 7 and 8, which leads to a discharge opening 78", arranged at right angles thereto and adapted when the valve is closed, to lead centrally into the upper part of the bore 76, which,

with the openings 75 and 77 in the valve,

' constitute a mixing-chamber.

locked For the purpose of regulating the quantity of atmospheric air to be admitted to the mixing chamber 76, I provide a' slide-valve 79, Figs. 1, 2 and valve 18 provided with a circular opening 80, for the admission of air and a slot 81,

for limiting its movement by means of a screw 82, and nut 83, Fig. 6. Said valve is slidably fitted in guides by means of flanges S4, 85. Upon determining the proper adjustment, the valve 79 may be permanently in position and will require no change.

The operation of the device is as follows: Upon turning on the electric current, the coils 17 and 53, respectively, become heated, thereby heating the main casing and the auxiliary reservoir 52. The valve 66, which is normally open, as shown in Fig. 6, is reversed by moving the lever 69 in the direction indicated by the arrow shown in Fig. 5, thereby shutting off the admission of atmospheric air through the valve 79 and bringing the duct 78, and outlet 78, in the position shown in Figs. 7 and 8. The aspiration of the motor causes a strong suction through the duct 7 8 and tube 62, which not only draws heated air from the carbureting chamber, but in so doing induces a suction. upon the jet 56, in communication with the chamber 20 of the main casing. The adpistment of the valve operating lever is such thatwhen the lever is in one extreme 8 to 9 inclusive, which the passage 51 to'ihe auxiliary reservoir 52, the supply tosail reservoir 52 actually depended upon accur iulates when the motor is running slowly 01 upon a light load, at which time a portioi of the fuel is caused to flow through said passage 51 and thence downward through the opening 58 to the reservoir 52, in which a supply thus is maintained ready for use in starting the motor or for supplementirg that from, the main,

nozzle when the load is therefore, the

increased. \Vhen, suctic n occurs through the duct 78 and tube 62, as stated, fuel is drawn upward through the tube 59, while more or less air is drawn through the openings 61, which are slightly about the bottom. of the passage 51, and at t 1e same time additional air is sucked into ihe tube 62 around the nozzle 56. In this way an ample supply of fuel and air is provided for starting the eng ne.

As soon as of combustion, in. a highly heated state, are discharged from the exhaust into the short pipe 15. Inasmuch as thepipe :16, is smaller in diameter, a poi-ion only of the heated the m )tor starts, the products Y product is discharged through said pipe while the remainde r is diverted downward through the bore in the part 13, from whence it passes through and 8 respectively, within the casing, around the radiator 13, ai d main inner casing, to

be discharged thro igh the exhaust opening 9; thereby heating the walls of the casing and causing a raiid fuel. The atmospheric air Whichis drawn bv the suction through the opening 21, be-

the jacketed passages 6' vaporization of the comes highly heated during its passage and aids in said vaporization. NVhcn the motor is fairly started heating of the casing, the lever 69, is reversed, which causas the opening 78 in the valve 66, to be mo red to the closed position shown in Fig. 6, tl us shutting oif communication with the starting jet 56, and bringing the carbureting ch: imber 20, into direct com munication with the opel'iings 75-, an id 77, in the rotary valve-,

as shown in Fig. 5%, thereby inducing a suction directly frorr the main carbureting chamber. As the air is drawn into the carburetii g chamber 20 through the opening 21, it ia-ss es between the heated pipe 16 "and coil li, a 1d through the restricted S( as to insure a thorough,

fuel jet to the.

the motor cylinder through 5 result being that this bulk reduction will .be.

supplied by an increased flow of air through annular space caused by inducing. a strong suction through the main jet opening into the carbureting chamber.

An additional volume of air, regulated by the relative size of the opening in the valve .79, is drawn directly into the mixing-chain;-

'parent' that the ber 76. Said opening should be so adjusted as tobe proportionately smaller in effectivearea than that of a cross-section of the carbureting chamber 20, so as to cause air to be drawn directly intothe mixing chamber 7 6 at a relatively high velocity. It will be apsuction exerted on the carbureting chamber will vary with the .volume of air admitted through said valve 7'9, and it also has been found that the temperature of the mixture in' chamber 76 will 1 be maintained constant, when the temperature of the air is constant, under a given 20 adjustment of valve 79, no matter what the tenance of an even temperature in the mixtemperature in the carbureting chamber 20 may be,so that by adjusting said valve 79 any desired temperature ofthe mixture in chamber 76, relative to the temperature of the atmosphere, may be secured. This maining chamber 76 occurs by reason of the fol'-' lowing .operation of the device :'As the temperature in, the carbureting chamber 20 rises, due to the action of the heated prod- .ucts of combustion entering through tube 15,

- the temperature of the combustible mixture in the chamber 20 will be raised accordingly, this resulting in a proportionate expansion of said mixture, which will result in a pro portionate diminution in the flow of air thereinto through the opening 21. Now, under a given suction on the -mixing chame ber 76, the expanded combustible mixture in its heated statewill be drawn into said chamber, together with the air inflowing through valve 79, and upon meeting the cold air entering through said valve will be cooled and consequently reduced in bulk, the

valve-79', which is the direct line of supply to the engine, and will further result in a cooling of the mixture and a maintenance of said mixture at a substantially uniform temperature. It will be noted that the liquidfuel is introduced through the jet 26, at

I right angles to the line of movement of the aircurrents passing through the cerbureting chamber, and that the resulting mixture 1s again met by the impinging air through the auxiliary intake at valve 79, the direction of movement of which is likewise at right angles to that of the mixture. It is thus manifest that the fuel is twice mixed with air which is caused to impinge thereon at substantially right angles to its line of movement, before its entry into the intake pipe of the. engine. The construction dethe ring 22, thereby I factory bers, said valve having sci'ibed serves not only to insure a perfect mixture, but to cause the liquid fuel and the heated a1r into which it is projected, to

arrive at an equilibrium of temperature;

thus serving to fully vaporize the fuel before its discharge from the mixing chamber. 76. V

The valve 79, may be locked when once adjusted and the electrical heating device used only to start the motor, ordinary kerosene being in every way effective and satisfor that purpose.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:'

A carbureter, comprising, in combination, carbureting and mixing chambers, a

source of liquid fuel supply, alternative means, initial and main, for admitting liquid fuel to said mixing chambers respectively, means for initially heating fuel passed through said initial fuel supply means, means for initially heating ting air in conjunction with said fuel admission, and an oscillatab'le valve interposed between said carbureting and mixing chamseparate passages, one of which is closed when the other is open one serving when open, to admit fuel and air directly to said mixing chamber from said initial fuel supply means, and the other and carbureting said cal-bursting chamber, means for admitas a direct connection between said carbureting and mixing chambers.

2. A carbureter, comprising a carbureting chamber, a mixing chamber having an outlet leading "to a motor, a separate conduit leading from said carbureting chamberto a normally closed opening in immediate communication-withsaid outlet, an initial fuel jet leading to said conduit, means for admitting air to said carbureting chamber, a main'fuel jet in communication with said carbureting chamber, asource of liquid fuel .supply in communication with said jets, means for heating the carbureter casing and -.initi.al jet, and an oscillatable' valve located between said carbureting and mixing chambers, said valve having alternately effective passages therein, one of which is closed when the other is open, one being arranged to communicate with said normally closed opening in communication with said initial jet, and the other with said carbureting and mixin'g chambers. 3. A carbureter, comprising, in combination, a casing having therein a carburet ing chamber, means for admitting air. thereto, a source of fuel supply in communication therewith, a mixing-chamber, an oscillatable valve having two openings therethrough, said openings being so positioned that one may be closed when the other is open, one forming when open an enlarged passage between said carbureting and mix '3' and t i other forming when timely rest] led passage between i J and a conduit in com-.- d carburcting chamber,

' n communicaopen a 1 said mix 1" iating said resering' said valve v d in one position. "1 in another to con ing, in combina- 3, a mmnigchamto a motor, a

1.5 a normally or ad niber, main aid carbufuel sup-- .ocated between said harnbers, in, one of which is open, one passage 1" ate with said '1 union nica tion d the oil u." with cliai'nbers and rolling .e is air admitted to a carh'ureting or, said ll'llXlllg luit leading to a port, an initial 1 ineansfor t and carburet- Llll'zfil. jet in communichamber, a

in communica- .r heating. said fuel passing iii a three-Way 5 i, la, ll posed between said til! carbi vii" I said valve r osttion to open I I normally ion to open .L eitlCl carburetand between the atmospli t chamber,

' d. earl 1i comm. in combina tion, a carb chain M fuel 60 rt rvoir, a starti at in ,i ation tl ,rewitl "it leading irom die out closed mixture arranged to oi saul conduit,

jet to a normally jet be" open and let of Y discharge W "t. discharge ini 'tion,

I the main outlet-to saf d carbureting adapted to lead means for admitting a ,r around said jet into said open end, a main uel jet leading to said carbureting chamber, a mixing chamber adapted to communicate with a motor cylinder, a three-way, valw located between said (an'bureting and mi ring chambers, said valvebeing adapted u hen in one position to subject said discharge port to the suction of a motor while closing the main commuhicaa tion between said carbureting and mixing chambers and when. reversed to open said main communication vhile closing saidnor mally closed mixture discharge port, an electric heating coil for leating the contentsof said fuel reservoir, and a source of electricity in open. circuit therewith. i a

'7. A carbureter, co mprising, in comblnaa carbureting ciamber for the reception. of liquid fuel and air, an air inlet lead ing thereto, a source of liquid fuel supply i" a main jet leading therefrom to'said chamher, an intervening 1i. juid fuel. conduit leading from the body of said jet between the inlet and discharge openings thereof, a

starting jet with Wlich said fuel conduit communicates, an op mniouthed tube leadmg therefrom wit. 1111 said carbureting chamber to a port opening into the dis I charge outlet of said valve interposed between said carbure'ting adapted when 1n abnormal position to bring said starting 1et into communication with said mixing cl .ambe'r toesubject said jet to the suction of a motor while closing chamber, and when in normal position to closecommunication with said starting jet and open, direct communication between said carbu reting and mixing cl ,ELHIbGIfS, electrical heat 7 ing means for heating said fuel and carbw rating chamber, atmospheric air to s Lid mixing chamber.

8. A carbureter,comprising, in combination, a carbureting zhamber having an air inlet, a mixing-chamber adapted to be discharged by suction iito amotor, a source of fuel supply, a main fuel jet in communication with said carbu reting chamber, a start ing fuel jet in com nunie'ation with a normally closed passage leading to said mixing chamber, said starti [1g jet being in c0m'muuication with the :uel passage leading to, said main jet; an emergency fuel reservoir in communication with the branch passage leading to said star1 ing jet, electrical means for temporarily betting the wallsfof said products heat the same after starting, and an oscillatable three-way valve interposed between the carbureting and mixing chambers for,

earbureting chamber, a mixing-chamber, an osclllatable three way and means for introducing int a 'fuel supply, a main fuel jet in coinmunication therewith and wlth one of said passages, a starting fuel jet in comn'iunication with the other passage, said starting fuel jet being in communication with the fuel passage leading to said main jet, means for initially heating said starting jet, means for conveying the heated products of combustion from a motor into proximity to the walls of said carburetin" chamber, an oscillatable threeway valve or shifting the motor suction from the starting to the main fuel jet and for admitting additional air to said, mixing chamber, and means for varying the ellective area'of the opening for admitting said additional air.

10. A carburetor, comprising, in combina tion, a carbureting chamber, a mixing chamber, intervening alternative carbureting passages in communication therewith, a source of liquid fuel supply, a main fuel jet .in communication therewith and with one of said passages, a starting fuel-jet in communication with the other passage, an emergency fuel reservoir in communication with the passage leading to said starting jet, electrical means for temporarily heating 4 the walls of said carburet er, and said emergency reservoir, means for conveying the heated products of combustion from a motor into proximity to the walls of said carburetor to heatthe same after starting, and an oscillatable valve having openings the'reinadapted to alternately re ister with said alternative passages to c ose one and open the other.

11. A carbureter, comprising, in combination, a carbureting chamber having an air inlet at one end and a discharge outlet at the other end, a mixing chamber in operative proximity to a motor combustion chamber and into which said carbureting chamber discharges,- means for heating said carbureting chamber, a source of liquid fuel supply, a fuel jet in communication therewith and arranged to deliver fuel to said carbureting chamber, a throttle valve, and a valve adapted to be fixedly adjusted and independent of said throttle valve for admitting air directly to said mixing chamber in a directionsubstantiall y at a right angle tothe direction of movement of the mixturein said carbureting chamber.

12. A carbureter, comprising, in combination, a source of liquid fuel supply, alternative means, initial and main, for admitting liquid fuel, means for admitting air in conjunction with said fuel admission, a separate liquid fuel reservoir for said initial means supplied from said source of liquid fuel supply, means for initially heating said reservoir, and a valve in said carbureter having separate passages, one serving when open to admit fuel and air directly to the carbureter mixing chamber from said initial fuel supply means and the othen serving to admit fuel and air ,from said main supply means.

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 23rd day of August, 1915.

eUs'rAv A. F. AHLBERG.

Witnesses EMERSON G. Hess, LEIGHTQN- H. CAMPBELL.

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