US12492785B2 - Compressed gas tank and method for operating a compressed gas tank - Google Patents

Compressed gas tank and method for operating a compressed gas tank

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Publication number
US12492785B2
US12492785B2 US18/003,464 US202118003464A US12492785B2 US 12492785 B2 US12492785 B2 US 12492785B2 US 202118003464 A US202118003464 A US 202118003464A US 12492785 B2 US12492785 B2 US 12492785B2
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Prior art keywords
storage tank
compressed gas
gas storage
pressure relief
relief valve
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US18/003,464
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US20230243475A1 (en
Inventor
Philipp Hausmann
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Cellcentric GmbH and Co KG
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Cellcentric GmbH and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8671—Removing components of defined structure not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8668
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/10—Oxidants
    • B01D2251/102—Oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
    • B01D2257/108—Hydrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00245—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects
    • B01J2219/0027—Pressure relief
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/058—Size portable (<30 l)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/031—Treating the boil-off by discharge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0178—Cars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • Pressurized gas storage tanks such as those used as cryogenic fuel storage tanks for automotive applications, are confronted with the challenge that gaseous fuel must be discharged into the environment of the pressurized gas storage tank in the event of a heat input from outside when the vehicle is at a standstill, i.e. without fuel from the tank being used to provide energy for moving the vehicle.
  • cryogenic or cryogenic fuel stored in liquid form is discharged in gaseous form to the outside or to the environment, the associated losses of fuel are also referred to as boil-off losses.
  • the discharge of gaseous fuel into the environment via a pressure relief valve which opens automatically when the pressure in the vessel exceeds a threshold value, serves to relieve the pressure in the vessel in which the compressed fuel is stored.
  • Such depressurization occurs when using liquefied hydrogen as a compressed fuel at pressures of less than 10 bar and, in particular, about 6 bar.
  • the gas discharged into the environment represents an energy carrier, so that the potential hazards associated with the release of such an energy carrier should be avoided.
  • it is important to avoid releasing gaseous hydrogen into a closed environment, such as that present in a parking garage, garage, workshop, hall, underground or the like.
  • DE 102 97 661 T5 describes catalytic combustion of outlet gases, i.e. of gas leaving a pressure vessel.
  • a pressure relief valve is arranged on a pressure vessel, from which a pipe leads to a catalytic reactor.
  • the gas reacts with atmospheric oxygen to form water in the case of hydrogen.
  • the catalytic reactor has a first chamber in which a catalytic burner is arranged to which the gas and air are supplied.
  • a spark plug projects into a second chamber of the catalytic reactor, which is separated from this chamber by a screen.
  • the spark plug is used to ignite combustible gas which, without having reacted in the catalytic burner, passes through the screen into the second chamber.
  • the ignition device in the form of the spark plug is used in particular at the start of catalytic combustion to bring the catalytic burner to its start-up temperature by means of the flame formed by ignition of the spark plug.
  • the compressed gas storage tank according to the invention which can be provided in particular for use in a motor vehicle, comprises a holder which is designed for storing a compressed fuel.
  • the compressed gas storage tank has at least one pressure relief valve, wherein it is possible for fuel to be discharged from the holder into an environment of the compressed gas storage tank as a result of the opening of the at least one pressure relief valve.
  • a catalytic converter device of the compressed gas storage tank is designed to catalyze an oxidation reaction of fuel originating from the holder with oxygen.
  • the compressed gas storage tank has at least one piezoelectric element to which a pressure can be applied by opening the at least one pressure relief valve. The pressure can cause at least one spark to be generated by means of the at least one piezoelectric element.
  • applying the pressure to the at least one piezoelectric element causes the at least one spark to be generated by means of the at least one piezoelectric element. Consequently, the at least one piezoelectric element acts in the manner of a tinder which is actuated by the pressure causing the at least one pressure relief valve to open.
  • ignition energy is provided for the start of the oxidation reaction of the fuel with the oxygen.
  • the onset of the exothermic oxidation reaction of the fuel with the oxygen then provides for the conversion of further fuel molecules with oxygen in the manner of a chain reaction.
  • the catalytic converter device can also be brought to a start-up temperature at which the catalytic conversion of the fuel with the oxygen takes place by oxidation in the form of cold combustion.
  • the pressure applied when the at least one pressure relief valve opens also pressurizes the at least one piezoelectric element, the at least one spark is provided particularly safely and reliably. Consequently, a reliable and safe oxidation of the fuel coming from the holder is also achievable.
  • the at least one pressure relief valve When the at least one pressure relief valve is opened, the at least one piezoelectric element is actuated at the same time and thus the ignition energy in the form of the at least one spark is provided by the piezoelectric element serving as ignition device.
  • Losses of fuel originating from the holder can thus be safely converted into low-energy products or media by a passive and intrinsically safe device comprising the at least one piezoelectric element.
  • the holder can be designed in particular for storing compressed fuel in the form of liquid hydrogen (LH 2 ) or cryo-compressed hydrogen (CcCH 2 ), but also in the form of compressed hydrogen (CH 2 ).
  • LH 2 liquid hydrogen
  • CcCH 2 cryo-compressed hydrogen
  • CH 2 compressed hydrogen
  • conversion of the fuel into water vapor (H 2 O) takes place during cold combustion in the form of the catalytic oxidation reaction of hydrogen with oxygen.
  • the compressed fuel is liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG)
  • LPG liquefied petroleum gas
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • CO 2 and/or nitrogen oxides may also be formed during the oxidation reaction with oxygen.
  • CNG compressed natural gas
  • the at least one piezoelectric element is arranged between a valve disk of the at least one pressure relief valve and a padding device for a spring element of the at least one pressure relief valve.
  • the at least one piezoelectric element can be pressurized by moving the valve disk away from a valve seat of the at least one pressure relief valve.
  • the closing force of the pressure relief valve can ensure that when the pressure relief valve is opened, the at least one piezoelectric element is compressed in such a way that the at least one piezoelectric element acts as a piezoelectric ignition generator. This ensures reliable provision of the ignition energy for the start of the oxidation reaction of the fuel with the oxygen.
  • the spring element of the at least one pressure relief valve can be formed by the at least one piezoelectric element.
  • the ignition device in the form of the at least one piezoelectric element also functions as the closing device of the pressure relief valve.
  • the closing device determines the pressure threshold at which the at least one pressure relief valve opens. When the threshold value is exceeded, the pressure relief valve not only opens, but the piezoelectric element is also subjected to pressure, in particular the at least one piezoelectric element is compressed.
  • the compressed gas storage tank has only one pressure relief valve, and that by opening this one pressure relief valve the at least one piezoelectric element is pressurized. In this way, a particularly low-cost compressed gas storage tank is provided.
  • the compressed gas storage tank has a first pressure relief valve and a second pressure relief valve.
  • the second pressure relief valve is arranged downstream of the first pressure relief valve, as seen in the direction of flow of the fuel exiting the holder.
  • the at least one piezoelectric element can be pressurized by opening the second pressure relief valve. In this way, it is particularly safe to prevent energy released as a result of the generation of the at least one spark from being introduced into the interior of the holder. Consequently, a particularly high level of safety can be achieved. This applies in particular if the first pressure relief valve opens at a higher pressure than the second pressure relief valve.
  • a valve device is arranged between the first pressure relief valve and the second pressure relief valve to prevent fuel from flowing back to the holder. This is also conducive to increased safety, since the entry of thermal energy released during the exothermic oxidation reaction of fuel with oxygen into the interior of the holder is prevented to a particularly large extent.
  • the compressed gas storage tank has an outlet device through which products of the oxidation reaction of the fuel can be discharged into the environment of the compressed gas storage tank. This enables a controlled discharge of the products formed during the oxidation of the fuel with the oxygen.
  • the outlet device can be designed as a section of an exhaust gas tract of the motor vehicle.
  • an exhaust gas tract is present anyway, through which exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine can be discharged. Accordingly, it makes sense to use a section of the exhaust gas tract as the outlet device of the compressed gas storage tank.
  • so-called secondary air can be introduced into the exhaust gas by means of a corresponding device downstream of the internal combustion engine in order to provide the oxygen for the oxidation reaction.
  • valve control of the internal combustion engine can be carried out in such a way that air can be supplied to the fuel to be oxidized via an at least partially open intake valve and an at the same time at least partially open outlet valve.
  • at least one combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, to which the inlet valve and the outlet valve are associated serve as the air inlet of the outlet device, and no means for providing secondary air need be provided.
  • the compressed gas storage tank preferably has an air inlet. In this way, a defined air supply to the fuel in the region of the at least one piezoelectric element and/or in the region of the catalytic converter device can be ensured.
  • the catalytic converter device is arranged in a section of the outlet device.
  • the catalytic converter device by means of an appropriate air supply to the catalytic converter device, it is possible to ensure that the oxidation reaction can take place, catalyzed by the catalytic converter device, in which the fuel coming from the holder reacts with oxygen in a cold combustion.
  • the outlet device has a sonic vaporizer. This is because the products formed during the oxidation reaction of oxygen and fuel are then discharged into the environment with particularly low noise during operation of the compressed gas storage tank.
  • the outlet device is aligned essentially vertically in the installation position of the compressed gas storage tank.
  • the stack effect that occurs when the fuel reacts with the oxygen in the oxidation reaction can be used particularly advantageously to discharge the products of the oxidation reaction into the environment of the compressed gas storage tank.
  • the vertical orientation of the outlet device is also useful with regard to the fact that water formed during the oxidation reaction can easily and reliably drain out of the outlet device. This is particularly advantageous because in this way restrictions on the flow through the outlet device due to ice formation are avoided to a particularly large extent.
  • the vertically oriented outlet device can have a shape similar to that of a blast furnace, in which a shaft-shaped section of the outlet device is designed in the manner of an elongated truncated cone.
  • other shapes are also advantageous, which in particular can be accompanied by a tapering of the outlet device towards an outlet.
  • the outlet device tapers towards an outlet.
  • Such a shape makes it particularly easy to ensure that products formed during the exothermic oxidation reaction are reliably discharged into the environment. This is because such an outlet device has a shape that is particularly favorable to flow.
  • the outlet device can have a cover at the end.
  • a cover reliably prevents unwanted substances, in particular water, from entering the outlet device, so that a good flow through the outlet device is ensured.
  • the air inlet of the outlet device can have a non-return valve. This ensures that no flames escape from the outlet device into the environment via the air inlet.
  • the air inlet can additionally or alternatively have a valve device with a current resistance which is lower in a first flow direction than in a second flow direction opposite to the first flow direction.
  • the valve device can thus be designed as a passive valve device, for example in the manner of a Tesla valve.
  • At least one electrode of the at least one piezoelectric element has a coating with a catalyst material.
  • the catalyst material is designed to catalyze an oxidation reaction of the fuel originating from the holder with oxygen.
  • the reaction of fuel with oxygen can already be catalyzed at the piezoelectric element itself.
  • a particularly extensive conversion of the fuel with the oxygen in the oxidation reaction is made possible.
  • the compressed gas storage tank has at least two piezoelectric elements to which the pressure can be applied. Even in the event of a malfunction of one of the piezoelectric elements, the at least one other piezoelectric element can therefore provide or generate the at least one spark due to the application of the pressure. This is also conducive to the reliability and safety of the oxidation of the fuel.
  • a compressed fuel is stored in a holder of the compressed gas storage tank. Due to an opening of at least one pressure relief valve of the compressed gas storage tank, fuel is discharged from the holder into an environment of the compressed gas storage tank. An oxidation reaction is catalyzed by means of a catalytic converter device of the compressed gas storage tank, in which fuel originating from the holder reacts with oxygen.
  • the compressed gas storage tank has at least one piezoelectric element to which a pressure is applied by opening the at least one pressure relief valve. Due to the pressurization of the at least one piezoelectric element, at least one spark is generated by the at least one piezoelectric element.
  • the at least one spark provides ignition energy for triggering the oxidation reaction of the fuel with the oxygen.
  • a reaction of the fuel with the oxygen thus takes place. In this way, it can be particularly reliably prevented that fuel in a form not yet oxidized by oxygen reaches the environment. Consequently, a particularly reliable and safe oxidation, in particular catalyzed by means of the catalytic converter device, of the fuel coming from the holder is achieved.
  • FIG. 1 schematically a compressed gas storage tank of a motor vehicle in which, in the event of gaseous fuel being discharged from a holder of the compressed gas storage tank, at least one piezoelectric element is actuated, resulting in the formation of sparks;
  • FIG. 3 schematically and in a partially enlarged view a possibility of actuating the at least one piezoelectric element when opening one of the pressure relief valves.
  • a compressed gas storage tank 10 shown in highly schematized form in FIG. 1 comprises a holder 12 , which has a thermally insulating holder wall 14 .
  • the holder wall 14 surrounds a receiving chamber 16 of the holder 12 , in which compressed fuel can be stored.
  • liquid hydrogen is stored in the receiving chamber 16 surrounded circumferentially by the holder wall 14 .
  • the fuel in the form of the liquid hydrogen may have a density of 80 grams per liter and may be stored in the receiving chamber 16 at a temperature of, for example, ⁇ 253 degrees Celsius.
  • liquid hydrogen may evaporate and gaseous hydrogen may subsequently have to be removed from the holder 12 in order to prevent the mechanical pressure load on the holder wall 14 from becoming too great.
  • the compressed gas storage tank 10 has a pressure relief device 18 which, according to the schematic representation in FIG. 1 , comprises a line 20 opening into the receiving chamber 16 .
  • a section of the line 20 is shown schematically in FIG. 3 .
  • a first pressure relief valve 22 and a second pressure relief valve 24 are arranged in the line 20 .
  • the second pressure relief valve 24 is arranged downstream of the first pressure relief valve 22 . Accordingly, the second pressure relief valve 24 is connected in series with the first pressure relief valve 22 . Both the first pressure relief valve 22 and the second pressure relief valve 24 open when a threshold value of a predetermined pressure is exceeded.
  • first pressure relief valve 22 may open when the pressure acting on a closure member 26 of the first pressure relief valve 22 exceeds a value of about 6 bar.
  • second pressure relief valve 24 may open, for example, when the pressure exceeds a threshold value of about 5 bar.
  • the opening of the second pressure relief valve 24 causes the generation of at least one spark 28 , which is shown schematically in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 3 .
  • the at least one spark 28 is generated by compressing at least one piezoelectric element 30 , 32 , wherein two piezoelectric elements 30 , 32 are shown schematically arranged next to each other in FIG. 1 as an example.
  • the piezoelectric element 30 may comprise, in a manner known per se, approximately one crystal 34 and a plurality of electrodes 36 , 38 . Between the outer electrodes 36 and the central electrode 38 , as a result of an application of pressure to the crystal 34 and an associated elastic deformation of the crystal 34 , a spark over can occur or the sparks 28 can be generated. The corresponding pressure forces moving the two outer electrodes 36 toward each other are illustrated in FIG. 3 by respective arrows 40 .
  • the opening of the second pressure relief valve 24 simultaneously ensures the pressurization of the piezoelectric element 30 and thereby the generation of the at least one spark 28 .
  • the closing force of the second pressure relief valve 24 can be set in such a way that, when the second pressure relief valve 24 is opened, the at least one piezoelectric element 30 , 32 acts as a ignition generator, which leads to the generation of the at least one spark 28 .
  • the ignition device in the form of the at least one piezoelectric element 30 , 32 is thus preferably actuated when the second pressure relief valve 24 is opened.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an integration of the at least one piezoelectric element 30 into the second pressure relief valve 24 .
  • the second pressure relief valve 24 has a movable closing body in the form of a valve disk 42 , which rests against a valve seat 44 of the pressure relief valve 24 when the pressure relief valve 24 is closed.
  • the piezoelectric element 30 is arranged between the valve disk 42 and a padding device 46 , on which a spring element 48 of the pressure relief valve 24 is padded.
  • the spring element 48 which compresses against the padding device 46 , presses the valve disc 42 against the valve seat 44 .
  • the valve disc 42 is moved away from the valve seat 44 so that the gaseous fuel can escape.
  • the movement of the valve disc 42 toward the padding device 46 also causes the piezoelectric element 30 to be compressed, as illustrated by the arrows 40 in FIG. 3 .
  • the spring element 48 of the second pressure relief valve 24 is formed by the at least one piezoelectric element 30 , 32 .
  • the spring element 48 does not need to be provided in addition to the at least one piezoelectric element 30 , 32 .
  • the threshold value of the pressure at which the second pressure relief valve 24 opens is predetermined by the at least one piezoelectric element 30 , 32 .
  • this causes heating of a catalytic converter device 58 , which in the present case is arranged in a lower section 60 of the outlet device 52 .
  • a catalytic converter device 58 At a catalyst material of the catalytic converter device 58 , the conversion of the fuel into oxidation products of the fuel molecules takes place at low ambient temperature. For example, temperatures of 60 degrees Celsius to 80 degrees Celsius may be encountered during the conversion of the hydrogen with oxygen, and thus cold combustion of hydrogen with oxygen may be achieved. Accordingly, the hydrogen is converted to water or water vapor during the oxidation reaction with oxygen catalyzed by the catalytic converter device 58 .
  • the fuel from the holder 12 is, for example, compressed or liquid natural gas
  • other oxidation products such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides will also occur.
  • cold combustion of the fuel takes place in the catalytic converter device 58 , and thus conversion to low-energy and no longer reactive media takes place.
  • the air inlet 56 can have a preferably passive valve 62 which permits a largely unimpeded inflow of air into the outlet device 52 and thus towards the catalytic converter device 58 , but prevents air from escaping via the air inlet 56 as far as possible.
  • valve 62 can be designed as a non-return valve or as a Tesla valve, in which the flow resistance in one flow direction is lower than in the opposite flow direction.
  • a Tesla valve is shown schematically and partially cut in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 in the area of the air inlet 56 of the chimney-type outlet device 52 .
  • the outlet device 52 preferably extends vertically. Accordingly, an upward direction z of the outlet device 52 in the installation position of the compressed gas storage tank 10 in the motor vehicle is preferably aligned parallel to the vehicle vertical axis. In this way, in particular in a section 64 of the outlet device 52 formed downstream of the catalytic converter device 58 , a stack effect can occur during operation of the pressure relief device 18 .
  • the fuel can thus be introduced into the outlet device 52 , which has a particularly streamlined shape, via the mouth 50 of the second pressure relief valve 24 through which the fuel passes and which has the integrated at least one piezoelectric element 30 , 32 or piezoelectric tinder.
  • the outlet device 52 may be in the form of a blast furnace in which the section 64 adjoining the catalytic converter device 58 tapers towards an outlet 66 of the outlet device 52 .
  • the outlet device 52 may have an end cover 68 .
  • the products formed during the oxidation reaction cannot pass upwardly through the cover 68 , but are deflected at the cover 68 and exit laterally from the outlet device 52 .
  • a sonic vaporizer 70 may be arranged or formed in particular in this section 64 of the outlet device 52 .
  • the pressures build up again when the gaseous fuel is discharged via the pressure relief device 18 as soon as the permissible pressure is again exceeded in the receiving chamber 16 of the holder 12 .
  • the ignition device in the form of the at least one piezoelectric element 30 , 32 is also actuated again, so that the sparks 28 are generated or produced again.
  • cold combustion of the gaseous fuel thus also occurs intermittently before it reaches the environment 72 of the compressed gas storage tank 10 via the outlet device 52 .
  • FIG. 1 further shows that a valve 74 can be arranged in the line 20 of the pressure relief device 18 between the first pressure relief valve 22 and the second pressure relief valve 24 , which is preferably also designed, for example, as a Tesla valve.
  • a passive valve 74 prevents a backflow of fuel or hydrogen to the first pressure relief valve. 22 .
  • valve device 76 can be arranged on the holder 12 , via which a removal of fuel from the receiving chamber 16 and an introduction of fuel into the receiving chamber 16 can take place. Accordingly, the valve device 76 has an outlet 78 via which the fuel can be supplied from the receiving chamber 16 to, for example, a fuel cell stack and/or an internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle.
  • valve device 76 may serve to shut off a filler neck 80 of the compressed gas storage tank 10 . Via the filler neck 80 , fuel can be introduced into the receiving chamber 16 during refueling of the holder 12 . Over at least one line 82 shown schematically in FIG. 1 , the tank fitting in the form of the valve device 76 can be in communication with the receiving chamber 16 of the holder 12 . Corresponding arrows 84 illustrate in FIG. 1 the introduction of fuel into the receiving chamber 16 during refueling and the removal of fuel during operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
US18/003,464 2020-06-29 2021-06-28 Compressed gas tank and method for operating a compressed gas tank Active 2042-12-12 US12492785B2 (en)

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DE102020003894.8A DE102020003894A1 (de) 2020-06-29 2020-06-29 Druckgasspeicher und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Druckgasspeichers
DE102020003894.8 2020-06-29
PCT/EP2021/067703 WO2022002853A1 (de) 2020-06-29 2021-06-28 Druckgasspeicher und verfahren zum betreiben eines druckgasspeichers

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EP4257869B1 (de) * 2022-04-04 2024-08-07 MAGNA Energy Storage Systems GesmbH Boil-off-managementsystem
CN114865007A (zh) * 2022-06-02 2022-08-05 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 燃料电池气体循环系统、燃料电池和车辆

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EP4172532A1 (de) 2023-05-03
WO2022002853A1 (de) 2022-01-06
KR102831794B1 (ko) 2025-07-09
EP4172532B1 (de) 2024-04-17
US20230243475A1 (en) 2023-08-03
CN115777052B (zh) 2026-01-02
EP4172532C0 (de) 2024-04-17
DE102020003894A1 (de) 2021-12-30
JP7459313B2 (ja) 2024-04-01
JP2023530753A (ja) 2023-07-19
KR20230027190A (ko) 2023-02-27
CN115777052A (zh) 2023-03-10

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