US1355598A - Apparatus for directive signaling - Google Patents

Apparatus for directive signaling Download PDF

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Publication number
US1355598A
US1355598A US136627A US13662717A US1355598A US 1355598 A US1355598 A US 1355598A US 136627 A US136627 A US 136627A US 13662717 A US13662717 A US 13662717A US 1355598 A US1355598 A US 1355598A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sound
oscillators
container
signaling
detectors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US136627A
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English (en)
Inventor
Reginald A Fessenden
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Submarine Signal Co
Original Assignee
Submarine Signal Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Submarine Signal Co filed Critical Submarine Signal Co
Priority to US136627A priority Critical patent/US1355598A/en
Priority to FR500068A priority patent/FR500068A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1355598A publication Critical patent/US1355598A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/72—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves

Definitions

  • My invention relates to the transmission and receipt of energy and more particularly to signaling and still more part cularly to directional signaling, especially the location of submarines and submarine signaling stations and also of aeroplanes.
  • the object of myinvention is to improve the eiiiciency of the sending and receiving energy and more especially to improve the efiiciency'of signaling and still more to improve the eiliciency of apparatus and methods for locating submarine slgnalmg stations and submarines. It may be used on shipboard or otherwise.
  • 11 and 12 are sound receiving devices of any suitable kind; for example, microphones or stethoscopes, or electro-magnetlc receivers and preferably oscillators of the kind described in. United States Patent No. 1,167,366. I shall hereinafter refer to these, generally speaking, as sound detectors
  • These oscillators are shown as located on board ship and are placed in any suitable position with reference to each other, either side by side, or, as shown, back to back in the same tank or adjacent fluid containing tanks, and preferably have their faces perpendicular to the skin of the ship. As shown, they are separated by the sound insulating screen l3, 14, of any kind, being attached to each other and to it by the bolts 15, 16, which may be insulated therefrom by soft rubber or lead in a known way.
  • Both oscillators and sound screen are mounted on a pivot 29 and can be rotated by any suitable means, as for example, by
  • 83 is a vessel for example' are adjustable inductances.
  • the sound screen 13,14 may be con- *structed and shaped in any suitable way to produce-the desired result; for example, at
  • the end 14 the sound screen is shown in curved shape so as to shield to a greater extent than at'thefend 13.
  • the shape of the sound screen to accomplish this is best determined by experiment,- the shape being varied until a person listening in on telephone receivers attached to the oscillators will obtain'the same change in relative sound-intensities in the two receivers when the oscillators are turned to a certain angle as he obtains when he turnshis head through thesame angle.
  • the distance of the oscillators apart should preferably bear the same relation to the velocity of sound in such medium, for example water, as the usual' distance; apart of the two ears of a human-body bearsv to the velocityof sound in air.
  • the oscillators should preferably be placed a little less than 13 feet apart. If the oscillators are placed farther apart, as ,for example, 10 feet, still further changes are obtained and the sound screen must be extended still farther in order to obtain the desired efiect on turning the oscillators around on their pivot 29.
  • -33 and 34 are switches for opening or ciosing the lead circuits as desired.
  • phase of the sounds reaching the receivers 26, 27, can be altered without turning the oscillators on their pivot, or, it the oscillators are turned on their pivot, the change of phase may be increased or decreased.
  • the oscillators may be either turned by means of the handle 17 until the sound appears to come from a point perpendicular to and in front of the line joining the centers of the diaphragms of the two oscillators, the sound then being equally loud to both ears of the observer, and the anglethrough: which the handle ll"v is being moved may be measured and the exact direction of the sound be thus determined.
  • the oscillators- may be left stationary and the condensers 22, 23, or inductances 24:, 25, or both, adjusted until the sound appears dead ahead and the readings of the sou densers and inductances taken and in this way the exact direction determined.
  • both oscillators and condensers and inductances may be left stationary and the vessel turned until the sound appears to come in dead ahead and the bow is pointed in the direction of the source of sound,
  • the tanks 30, 31, 32 are preferably filled either with water or oil, and when the oil is used up, it is preferably replaced with water.
  • the velocity of sound in water is approximately 4400v feet per second, while the velocity of sound in steel is approximately ll',000 feet per second. Consequently, sounds striking the skin of the ship at a small angle are totally reflected and do not enter the ship and aii ect the oscillators. l have found, however, that by loadinn" x" th ship so that the index or a 1,855,&Qt3
  • This method is also of value as a method of eliminating high pitched sounds which it is not desired to receive, as sounds whose quarter wave length is less than the distance between the weights may be retracted while sounds of longer wave length will be trans mitted.
  • a tank and a sound detector located the medium through which the desired sig-- nals are transmitted and received whereby the index of refraction of said wall will be made substantially the same as water.
  • a tank and a sound signaling device located therein a wall of said tank being loaded with weights separated from each other, by a distance approximately less than one quarter wave length of the desired sound wave,in the medium through which the desired signals are transmitted and received whereby the index of refraction of said wall will be made substantially the same as water.
  • a tank and a sound signaling device located therein a wall of said tank being loaded with weights separated from each other by a distance approximately less than one quarter wave length of the desired sound wave in the medium through which the desired signals are transmitted and received whereby the index of refraction will be increased.
  • a submarine signaling apparatus comprising a liquid container, two submarine signaling mechanisms located in the liquid in said container, and means for varying the angle between the line joining the center ,of said two submarine signaling mechanisms and a second line drawn through the center of said first line and terminating at opposite sides of said container.
  • a submarine signaling apparatus comprising a container, a submarine signaling mechanism located within said container, one wall of said container being adjacent to the medium through which the signals are sent and received, said wall of said container having its index of refraction of sound relative to water substantially the same as that of the medium outside the container whereby signals are transmitted and received in directions substantially parallel'to the plane of said wall of said container with increased efficiency and loudness.
  • a container a submarine signaling mechanism located therein, a wall of said container having localized inertia whereby its index of refraction of sound relative to water is made substantially the same as that of the medium outside the container throu h which the sounds are sent and recelve REGINALD A. FESSENDEN,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
US136627A 1917-08-16 1917-08-16 Apparatus for directive signaling Expired - Lifetime US1355598A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US136627A US1355598A (en) 1917-08-16 1917-08-16 Apparatus for directive signaling
FR500068A FR500068A (fr) 1917-08-16 1918-10-28 Perfectionnements dans les dispositifs pour recevoir des ondes et déterminer leur direction

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US136627A US1355598A (en) 1917-08-16 1917-08-16 Apparatus for directive signaling
DEF0050907 1920-07-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1355598A true US1355598A (en) 1920-10-12

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US136627A Expired - Lifetime US1355598A (en) 1917-08-16 1917-08-16 Apparatus for directive signaling

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US (1) US1355598A (fr)
FR (1) FR500068A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2503400A (en) * 1943-10-06 1950-04-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Testing tank arranged for suppression of reflected compressional waves
US2684724A (en) * 1948-10-01 1954-07-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Sound wave refractor
US3388374A (en) * 1967-01-25 1968-06-11 Navy Usa Sonic beam former

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2503400A (en) * 1943-10-06 1950-04-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Testing tank arranged for suppression of reflected compressional waves
US2684724A (en) * 1948-10-01 1954-07-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Sound wave refractor
US3388374A (en) * 1967-01-25 1968-06-11 Navy Usa Sonic beam former

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR500068A (fr) 1920-03-02

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