US1399877A - Sound-generator - Google Patents

Sound-generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US1399877A
US1399877A US215291A US21529118A US1399877A US 1399877 A US1399877 A US 1399877A US 215291 A US215291 A US 215291A US 21529118 A US21529118 A US 21529118A US 1399877 A US1399877 A US 1399877A
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United States
Prior art keywords
condenser
frequency
electrical
oscillator
sound
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Expired - Lifetime
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US215291A
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English (en)
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Michael L Pupin
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to US215291A priority Critical patent/US1399877A/en
Priority to FR507609A priority patent/FR507609A/fr
Priority to GB5737/20A priority patent/GB139497A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1399877A publication Critical patent/US1399877A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/02—Loudspeakers

Definitions

  • This invention provides a new form of oscillator for generating compressional waves, the object being to produce a rugged durable device ,of such character as toafford a large radiating surface as well as a large surface for the action of the impressed moving force, to permit the generation of sound waves of large energy at all frequencies.
  • I employ as the oscillating sound producing source an electrical condenser consisting of a cylindrical core constituting one element of the ,condenser, and a surrounding cylindrical shell,
  • the apparatus has the advantage that the production of notes of high pitch does not involve any reduction of the radiating power of the apparatus, as is the case in sound producers such as piano strings and thelike.
  • Figure '1 is a crosssection' of the oscillator used for sending pl rposes;
  • Fig. 4 represents, somewhat diagrammatically, the position of the oscillator within a cylindrical parabolic mirror, the
  • Figs. 2 and 3 are diagrams "representing the connections for applying electrical energy in two ways to the actuationsv of the oscillator.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an oscillator which I have constructed as an embodiment of my nvention, and in describing it I shall refer 75 to the dimensions which have actually been employed.
  • This particularity of description is for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art, by the consideration of one particular form in which the invention has been embodied, to understand the nature'and principles of'the invention, and it is not to be taken as limiting in any waythe scope of "the invention as defined in .the accompanying claims.
  • 2 is a steel tube'about .15 centimeters thick and having an internal diameter of 2 centimeters.
  • 3 is a steel cylinder 1.975 centimeters in diameter and concentrically mounted within tube 2 so that the cylindrical air space between them is .0125 centimeters thick.
  • the cylinder 3' is held in position, and is insulated from'tube 2, by the insulating fiplugs 4.
  • the insulating plugs 4 are suitably constructed to limit the electrical leakage from the cylinder.
  • the electrical potential gradients can easily be made large, about 5- 10 'volts per centimeter, that is, an electrical otential may be maintained between the c inder and she-ll of about 12,500 volts. t will be observed that the device constitutes a cylindrical electrical condenser.
  • Insulated-steel caps 5- and 6 serve to strengthen the structure so that it will withstand high aircompressions in-Jlw volts is impressed between shell 2 and cylinder .3- the mechanical force F acting between them will have the following value in dynes per square centimeter:
  • the amplitude of these vibrations may be increased by causing the frequency of the force and the natural frequency of mechanical vibration of the tube to approach each other and will be a maximum when resonanc'e is reached. Sincethe amount of energy in the form of sound waves radiated from the tube is proportional to the square of the amplitude of vibration it is clear that by resonance the sound energy which is emitted by radiation in the surrounding me- .dium is increased.
  • FIG. 2 A convenient method of actuating electrically the cylindrical oscillator of the character described is represented in two forms in Figs. 2 and 3.
  • the core 3 and the shell 2 of the cylin rical oscillator are connected electrically by a circuit including inductance 11 and a secondary 12 of a transformer whose primary '13 receives an im- 1,a9e,a77--- pressed hig from a suitable source, which may be, for instance, a vacuum tube osclllator of the large electrical output, say several hundred watts.
  • the inductance 11 is variable so' that the circuit may be tuned to increase the difference of electrical potential in the oscillator to any desirable value byelectrical resonance.
  • Fig. 3 differs from that of Fig. 2 in that an auxiliary condenser 14 is connected in parallel with the oscillator and the two'are kept charged b a direct current source 15 to a suitable di erence of potential, preferably equal to the amplitude of the. alternatin voltage and adjustable by means of the adiustableresistance 16.
  • a suitable di erence of potential preferably equal to the amplitude of the. alternatin voltage and adjustable by means of the adiustableresistance 16.
  • the difference of alternating potential. to be su plied by the alternating source through tlie transformer 12, 13 can be reduced to half of the value necessaryan the arrangement of Fig. 2, but its f uency must be doubled.
  • the arrangement of Fig. 3 would offer substantial advanta es.
  • the circumference of the tube is equal to one wave length of the natural vibration of the tube.
  • v is equal to the usual value for tool steel, that is 5X10 c.m. per
  • this figure 17 is a cylindrical'parabolic mirror the focal axis of Whichcoincides with the axis of the cylindrical oscillator 2, 3.
  • the sound waves radiated from the oscillator will be reflected by the cylindrical parabolic mirror to form a plane wave or beam of compressional waves sound confined to the prism parallel to the axis of the mirror and the cross-section of which is equal to the opening of the parabolic mirror, provided the wave length is sufficiently small in comparison with the linear dimensions of the mirror.
  • This condition is easily fulfilled by frequencies of 8X10 pps or higher frequencies. In this manner a parallel beam of compressional waves sound is formed the direction-of which can changing the position of the mirror or otherthe elastic displacements are easily be changed by wise, just as in the ordinary operations.
  • opening of the vice above described is particularly adapted to the production of compressional waves of y a frequency far above audibility for use in a system of signaling involving a directed tram of compressional waves together with a suitable receiver capable of receiving and rendering audible such waves, and that the principles of electrical and mechanical resonance are made that device.
  • the invention is applicable, and of great value, in connection with the production of audible and musical sounds and that the oscillator may be made of any suitable stifi material and may or may not be resonant to a particular frequency of audible sounds.
  • F urthermore by controlling the electrical variationtelephonically or otherwise in ac-- cordance with speech or musical sounds, the device, or a series of them, may be used as an effective producer or reproducer of such sounds.
  • a generator of compressional waves comprising a stiff cylindrical body constituting one element of an electrical condenser, a second condenser element associated therewith, a dielectric interposed between said elements for preventing a conductive flow of current therebetween, and means for imparting to the condenser varying electromotive forces of a frequency corresponding to the frequency of the compressional waves to be roduced.
  • generator of compressional waves comprising a stiff cylindrical body constitutlng one element of an electrical condenser
  • 'A generator of compressional waves use of in connection with between, and means for impartin comprisin an electrical condenser having a cylindrica core and a cylindrical shell surrounding the core, a ielectric interposed between the shell and the core for preventing a conductive flow of current thereto the condenser. varying electromotive orces of a frequency corresponding to the frequency of the compressional waves to be produced.
  • a generator of compressional waves comprising a stiff cylindrical body constituting one element of an electrical condenser, a second condenser element electrostatically associatedtherewith, a dielectric inter-. posed between said elements for preventing a conductive flow of current therebetween, and means for imparting to the condenser varying electromotive forces of a frequency substantially corresponding to the natural period of mechanical vibration of the'said body, whereby the electrical energy causes the body to oscillate resonantly. 5.
  • a generator of compressional waves comprising a stiff columnar body constituting one element of an electrical condenser, a second condenser element electrostatically associated therewith and a dielectric interposed between said elements for preventing a conductive flow of electric current between said elements when an electromotive force is v applied to the condenser.
  • a generator of compressional waves comprising a stiff columnar body constituting one element of an electrical condenser, a second condenser element electrostatically associated therewith, a dielectric interposed I between said elements for reventing a conductive flow of current therebetween, and means for imparting to the condenser var ing electromotive forces of a frequency su period of mechanical oscillation of the said bQCl-y.
  • a generator of compressional waves comprisin a stiff columnar body constituting one e ement of an electrical condenser, a second condenser element electro statically associated therewith, a dielectric interposed between said elements for reventing a conductive flow of current therebetween, and means for imparting to the condenser vary-v corresponding to the frequency of the compressional waves to be produced.
  • a generator of compressional waves comprising an electrical condenser having a columnar core and a concentric columnar shell of like configuration surrounding the core and separated therefrom by a dielectric of uniform thickness throughout for.
  • a generator of compressional waves com rising an electrical condenser having a cy indrical core and a concentric cylindrical shell surrounding the core, adielectric interposed between the shell and the 'core for 'preventih a conductive flow of electric current there etween, and means for imparting to the condenser varying electromotive forces of a frequency corresponding to the frequency of thecompressional'waves to be produced.
  • a sound enerator consisting of a cylindrical electrical condenser, one element of which is a stiff body and in which the dielectric separatin the two condenser elements'is compresse gas, and means for impartin to the condenser potential variations of a re' uency corresponding to the frequency o thesou'nds to be produced.
  • a sound enerator consisting of a stifi cylindrical bOC? constituting one element of an electrical condenser, a second condenser element electrostatically associated therewith, and means for imparting to the condenser varying electromotive forces of a frequency substantially corresponding to the natural period of mechanical oscillation of the said body, said means including a source of electrical energy and a resonant electrical circuit connected to the saidsource and to the two condenser elements and having a natural frequency substantiall e ual'to the said frequencyof mechanica vi ration of the oscillator body.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
US215291A 1918-02-04 1918-02-04 Sound-generator Expired - Lifetime US1399877A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US215291A US1399877A (en) 1918-02-04 1918-02-04 Sound-generator
FR507609A FR507609A (fr) 1918-02-04 1919-12-20 Générateur d'ondes sonores
GB5737/20A GB139497A (en) 1918-02-04 1920-02-25 Improvements in or relating to electrically operated sound generators

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US215291A US1399877A (en) 1918-02-04 1918-02-04 Sound-generator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1399877A true US1399877A (en) 1921-12-13

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US (1) US1399877A (fr)
FR (1) FR507609A (fr)
GB (1) GB139497A (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2415094A (en) * 1938-01-17 1947-02-04 Board Radio measurement of distances and velocities
US2530971A (en) * 1947-07-26 1950-11-21 Standard Oil Dev Co Acoustic well logging apparatus
US2541944A (en) * 1946-06-13 1951-02-13 Stromberg Carlson Co Diaphragm mounting
US3160715A (en) * 1960-11-15 1964-12-08 Gussing Nils Torsten Alson Electrostatic loudspeakers
US3557899A (en) * 1967-01-10 1971-01-26 Edward G Longinette Riot control devices employing a modulated stimulus frequency
US4342066A (en) * 1978-05-16 1982-07-27 Kuelper Klaus Electrical condenser with a dielectric of gas under pressure

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2415094A (en) * 1938-01-17 1947-02-04 Board Radio measurement of distances and velocities
US2541944A (en) * 1946-06-13 1951-02-13 Stromberg Carlson Co Diaphragm mounting
US2530971A (en) * 1947-07-26 1950-11-21 Standard Oil Dev Co Acoustic well logging apparatus
US3160715A (en) * 1960-11-15 1964-12-08 Gussing Nils Torsten Alson Electrostatic loudspeakers
US3557899A (en) * 1967-01-10 1971-01-26 Edward G Longinette Riot control devices employing a modulated stimulus frequency
US4342066A (en) * 1978-05-16 1982-07-27 Kuelper Klaus Electrical condenser with a dielectric of gas under pressure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR507609A (fr) 1920-09-20
GB139497A (en) 1920-11-11

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