US1424730A - Hydrometer - Google Patents

Description

C. E. LINEBARGER.

HYDROMETER. "APPLicAT'bloN FILED FEB. 26,1919.

Patented Aug. 11, 1922.

A T TORNE Y,

WITNESS my sie aie/inse.

Specification or Letters yaten'a rammen nag. i, ieee;

application led February 1919. Serial No. 279,289.

To all wlw/m. t 77mg/ concern.'

Be it known that I, CHARLES E. LINE- BARGEn, a citizen of the United States, residing at- Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in I'Iydrometers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in hydrometers, and particularly to that class of `hydrometers which have both constant weight and volume and are not provided with a linear scale.vv It consists of a'transvparent container in which are conlined solidl bodies having different specific gravities so arranged as to ioat or sink when liquids of diiferent specific gravities are introduced into the container. a Y. l It further consists of solid bodies within a containing vessel, each of which has a homogeneous composition, so that if one be broken, its fragments, all having the' same specificl gravity, will function as well as theintegral solid body. v

It further consists of homogeneous solid bodies conned in a vessel, said bodies being composed of materials that have practically the same coefficients of expansion, tothe end that changes of temperature may affect the 'specificgravities in practically the same way.

As there are comparatively few chemically pure substances having properties that render them suitable for use as such solids, I A combine certain substances in order to produce solids that may have a desired specie gravity and may not beafected physically or chemically by the liquids in which they may be immersed. For use in liquids the main ingredient of which is water., I melt together Trinidad Lake asphalt with other substances of similar nature or origin, suchv as gilsonite, ozockerite and elaterite, or with such substances as tar, rosin, parain, etc. I also fuse together various varnish gums, such as kauri, pontinak, shellac and damar gums, with different waxes or other organic"`substances of'different specific gravities. With such fused mixtures I in corporate, in case the mixtures themselves are not heavy enough, finely powdered solid substances such as soapstone, mica, graphite, silica, etc. The proportionsfof such ingredients vary according to their-own specific gravities as well as 'the desired specific gravity of the blended product. In order to distinguish the solid bodies from one another, I make them, as the case may demand,

of different sizes, shapes and colors.

Of the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1-is` aplongitudinal section of the hydrometer. Fig. 2 1s also a longitudinal section of a slightly modified form. Fig. 3 is a cross section along the line 3--3 of Iig. 1. Figs. 4 vand 5 are longitudinal sections showing accessory parts for filling and emptying the instrument. F ig. 6 .is a plan view of the end 3.

In Fig. 1 a tubular member 1' of some transparent material like glass or celluloi'd 1s narrowed at one end 3, and narrowed and thickened at the other en d 2, known in the art of glass blowingas a pushed end. Within said tube are composite solid homogeneous bodies Il, 5 and' 6, each having a vdensity differing from that of the others.

The dimensions of these solid bodies with respect to thebore of the tube may either be such that they can-readily pass by one another or that they cannot move by one another. In the latter case the specific gravity of the solid body 4, nearest the orifice 3, is

greater than the specic gavity of the solid body 5 next nearest the orifice 3, and the' specific gravity of the solid body 6 is less than the speciic gravity of the other'solid bodies 4 and 5. I do not confine myself to the use of three bodies only, employing a greater or a less number according to the particular purpose to which the hydrometer is to be put.

In Fig. 2the hydrometer is shown with a constriction near the middle, the object of which is to confine the solid bodies toone section thereby made.

'Fig I shows the hydrometer with a rubber bulb 8 attached to the pushed end 2, and a rubber ldelivery tube 7 slipped over` the other end 8.

In Fig. 5 the tubular member is illustrated as a straight tube 20 of uniform bore throughout its length. At the ends of said tube perforated Stoppers 9 and 13 respectively `are inserted.y Through the holes of saidstoppersare passed tubes 10 and 12 of glass, hardl rubber or Celluloid, Gver the rotruding endet tube 12 is slipped a rub# r bulb 18,A and over the' protruding end of tube 10 is' slipped a rubber hose 11. The

y invention lis usedas follows: The tube iet 1, of Fig. 1, is partially 'immersed in the uquid whose specic gravity is tobe deter-A mined so that enough of the liquid rises 'within the tube through the end 3, to sublar to that of thel liquid. Hence, making the solid bodies of definite predetermined speciic gravities, their behavior with respect to vthe liquid admitted to the interiorvof the hydrometric tube becomes a criterion of the specific gravity ofthe liquid itself.

The addition of a rubber bulb 8 and rubber tip 7 to the hydrometric tube, as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, facilitates its use. The tip is placed wit-hin the-liquid to be tested, and the bulb squeezed so as to drive some air from lthe bulb through the apparatus. Vhen the pressure on the bulb is released, the bulb expands and li uid is drawn up into the tube'w-herethe hsohd bodies are confined.

By making the ends'3 as indicated in Fig. 6 the bodies willnot stop up the end opening.- In case of F ig. 5, as the tube islarge enough to allow the bodies to pass each other, thus making it :more diiiicult to. determine which is the denser, the bodies are made of unlike sizes and colors.

I claim as my invention:

1. The combination of al hydrometric tube, means attached to one end of said tube for reducing the pressure in the tube, said tube having its extremities -partly closed, a iexible tube attached to the other end of said hydrometric tube, and bodies of different densities lenclosed within said tube, each of said bodies -being homogeneous throughout,

whereby if any portion of any of said bodies is Worn or broken ofi' vfrom the body. the remainder will be of the same density as the v body was originally.

2. Ay hydrometer comprising a transparent tube, a plurality of composite friable massesof unlike densities inl said tube, and means for introducing a liquid into said vtube, every portion of each of said masses being of the same density as the rest of the mass, whereby, if any portion of one of said masses is separated from the rest, the rest of the mass will be of the same density as the original mass.'

3. The combination of a hydrometric tube ywith its extremities partly closed, al rubber bulb attached'to one end and a rubber tube attached to the other .end of said tube, and homogeneous bodies of like coeiiicientsof expansion, but of different specific gravities enclosed within said tube.

4. The combination of a tubular member of transparent substance, provided' at .itsextremities withstoppers with one perforationeach,- tubes fitting through said perforations',

a rubberbulb lattached toone end of said tube, a rubberhose attached to the-other endof saidtube, and hydrmetric solid bodies; each having the same' consistency and compof.l l sition throughout its` mass but of different'V density from the other bodies.

u l15` 5. A hydrometer comprising a transpar-r ent tube, a plurality'of homogeneous massesf in said tube of like coefficients of expansion, f 'y -but of unlike densities and ducing a liquid'into said tube.

means :for-intro y f lI 6. The combination of a tubular transpar ent member ,made with its .f ends constrieted,

afplurality of solid bodies of unequal spe-f4 c1 c gravities in said tubular member, each of said solid bodies having a homogeneous composition throughout shape, and means for permitting the access of a liquid to the interior of member. c

ric unitsfor obtainin uid consisting in melting together and mixing into a homogeneous mass organic substances of varying densities wit-h a Iinely powdered inorganic substance of greater density than the liquid, all of said substances being insoluble in the 1i which is to be determined,4 the relative amounts of said vsubstances being adjusted to produce a predetermined desired density of the unit, and the substances being thoroughly mixed into a `massy of homogeneous quality throughout, whereby if anyr portion of said unit is worn or brokenoffrom the unit the remainder will be of the same average density as the whole was originally.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto st my hand. I

CHARLES E. LINEBARGER.

quidv the density of'.

a5,-` f and being distin- 1" gulshable from the others in color, size or said tubular lf i 7. A process of manufacturing hydromet. theldensity of a liq-

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