US1465997A - Electron-tube apparatus - Google Patents

Electron-tube apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US1465997A
US1465997A US279581A US27958119A US1465997A US 1465997 A US1465997 A US 1465997A US 279581 A US279581 A US 279581A US 27958119 A US27958119 A US 27958119A US 1465997 A US1465997 A US 1465997A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
electron
screen
potential
electrode
velocity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US279581A
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English (en)
Inventor
Harvey C Rentschler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Westinghouse Lamp Co
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Lamp Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Westinghouse Lamp Co filed Critical Westinghouse Lamp Co
Priority to US279581A priority Critical patent/US1465997A/en
Priority to US279532A priority patent/US1465998A/en
Priority to FR519666A priority patent/FR519666A/fr
Priority to FR22767A priority patent/FR22767E/fr
Priority to GB5899/20A priority patent/GB139514A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1465997A publication Critical patent/US1465997A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/16—Circuits
    • H04B1/163—Special arrangements for the reduction of the damping of resonant circuits of receivers

Definitions

  • My invention relates to electron tube apparatus, as is used in the receipt of wireless impulses, and it has for its object to provide apparatus of the character designated that shall cause a relatively large percentage change in the controlled currents with a relatively weak controlling current by virtue of the phenomeno-n of resonance.
  • Fig. l of the accompanying drawing is a diagrammatic view of a detector tube, together with associated auxiliary circuits embodying a preferred form of my invention
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating the operating characteristics of a system of this character
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a tube illustrating the phenomenon of resonance potential.
  • the velocity of the electron increases, it apparently approximates the velocity of the electrons Within the atom or has some other critical relation thereto, as a result of which the impact becomes non-elastic and a large portion of the energy of the impacting electron is taken up in displacing an electron ot' the atom and its velocity is thereby decreased.y
  • the resultant electron velocity is relatively low so that such electrons are taken up by the adjacent grid or screen electrode.
  • the critical volocity is reached at a greater and greater distance therefrom, so that the resultant electrons move at higher and higher velocity when reaching the neighborhood of the screen.
  • a larger and larger percent-a e thereof pass therethrough and reach the p ate, affecting the late current.
  • a detector bulb at 3 preferably filled with argon gas and containin a plate electrode 4, a iilamentary catho e 5 and an intervening screen or grid 6.
  • the screen 6 is maintained plositive with respect to the filamentary cat ode 5 by a B battery 7, and the flamentary cathode 5 is maintained at incandescence by an battery 8.
  • the screen 6 1s maintained positive with respect to the plate electrode 4 by a suitable battery 9, the receiving apparatus 10 of any desired form being connected in the latter circuit.
  • Incoming impulses as from a suitable antenna 11, are superposed on the circuit by a suitable transformer 12, as is usual 1n the art, between the ilamentary cathode and the screen.
  • a condenser coupling instead j of a transformer may also be used.
  • the potential pf the screen 6 is such that an electron emitted from the cathode 5 is accelerated to such a velocity as to have a non-elastic impact at a point 20 adjacent to the screen.
  • Certain of the electrons which have not suffered non-elastic impact pass through and impinge upon the late 4, determinn the plate current.
  • the acceleration of the electrons emitted from the cathode 5 is greater and greater and these electrons reach a velocity corresponding to nonelastic impact at a point such as 21, further from the screen.
  • the electron therefore receives pronounced acceleration before reaching the screen 6 and may, therefore, pass therethrough and reach the electrode 4 so that the plate current is gradually increased.
  • the initial non-elastic impact may occur at a point 22 so that the electron again reaches the critical velocity corresponding to non-elastic im act at some such point as 23 adjacent to t e screen.
  • the electron is t en up by the screen, and, as a result, the ⁇ plate current is again reduced.
  • the potentials of the screen determining the initial velocities of 1Macc-r the electrons, are plotted as absciss against the plate current as ordinates and the eilect of resonance is to cause the characteristic curve to assume the form shown, having peaks 15 and 16 and a minimum point or trough 17.
  • the peak 16 may correspond to the conditions as described at the point 21 and the trough 17 as corresponding to the point 20.
  • the batteries 7 and 9 are so adjusted as to determine the screen potential at a value plroducing a given velocity of electrons suc that there is either maximum or minimum disturbance thereof by the phenomenon of resonance. If there is a maximum disturbance thereof by screen potential, the number of electrons, the velocity of which is materially lowered, is a maxlmum and these electrons are turned back by the potential of the grid and never reach the plate electrode, thus causing a decreasing plate current. If, on the other hand, the screen potential is adjusted to establish an electron velocity such that there is minimum interference from the gas atoms substantially all electrons have such a velocity that they reach the plate electrode without diiiiculty, producing an increasing plate current.
  • the adjustment is such as to cause operation corresponding to the point 15 in Fi 2.
  • An incoming impulse of such polarity as to add to the potential of the battery 7 carries the total screen potential to a value 18 and the associated lmpulse of the other polarity pan tially neutralizes the voltage of the battery 7 and carries the screen potential to a point 19.
  • the average effective plate current during the receipt of impulses is substantially of the value shown by the line ⁇ iO-31, substantially midway between the line 19-18 and the point 15 and is suiciently different from its normal value to produce distinct audition at the receiver 10, even with extremel weak incoming signals.
  • the grid or intermediate electrode performs merely a passive function so far as concerns giving velocity to the emitted electrons, in that the electrons emitted from the cathode move at ⁇ sutlicient velocity, duc to the joint action of tion, yand the plate acts as the the ⁇ catliode and anode alone, to carry them to lthe aridekeither directly or indirectly, and the grid exerts a retarding influence, when of suliiciently low potential, thus de- 2 termining the number of electrons reaching the 3 art, the low potential of the intermediate grid electrode has beenthe controlling factor and little or no energy was taken therefrom, whereas, with the present tube, there is necessarily energy abstraction from the screen electrode and, accordingly, a iiow of current thereto.
  • a still further use of this invention is a frequency doubler, it being obvious that a change in the modulating potential from the point 19 to 18 and back again causes two modulations in the plate current, and
  • I Icontemplate the use of this invention in tubes which perform merel a relaying action with but little excess o modulated current over modulating current or as applied to tubes where there is a pronounced difference between the twocurrents and also as covering those tubes whose primary function is largely integration of high-frequency im ulses.
  • An electron tube comprising an electron-emitting electrode, a screen and a plate 1n said tube and a gaseous filling for said tube, and means to give a periodic screenpotential plate-current characteristic with values above zero.
  • An electron tube comprising an electron-emitting electrode, a screen, and a plate, means to give to said screen a potential positive with respect to said electrode and plate and further means to give to the screen-potential plate-current a rising and then a falling characteristic, said falling characteristic followed by a rising characteristic and the whole of said characteristic never falling to zero.
  • An electron tube comprising an electron-emitting electrode, a screen and a plate in said tube and a gaseous fillin for said tube, and means to give a peri ic screenpotential plate-current characteristic with values above zero, said means being adjustable so as to work said tube at a point of the characteristic when the slope sign of the characteristic changes.
  • An electron tube comprising an electron-emitting source, an electron-receiving source, means forA modifying the electron velocity therebetween, and a filling of a medium exhibiting the phenomenon of resonance.
  • An electron tube comprising an electron-emitting source, an electron-receiving source, means for 'abruptly modifying the electron velocity therebetween,- and a filling of argon gas, under such conditions as to exhibit the phenomenon of resonance.
  • An electron system comprising a tube provided with electron-emitting means, electron-receiving means, means for controlling the electron velocity abruptly therebetween, before reaching said electron-receiving means, a filling of argon gas under such conditions as to exhibit the phenomenon of resonance, means for applying the controlling effect in modifying said velocity-controlling means, and means for establishing a controlled current in accordance with the number of electrons reaching said electron receiving means.
  • An electron system comprising a tube provided with an incandescing electrode, an electron-receiving electrode, an intervening perforated electrode, and a filling of argon gas, means for maintaining said electron-receiving electrode ositive with respect to said incandescing e ectrode, means for maintaining said perforated electrode positive with respect to both of said remaining electrodes .means for controlling the potential of said perforated electrode, and means for establishing a controlled current in accordance with the electrons reaching said .electron-receiving electrode.
  • An electron tube comprising an electrop-emitting cathode, an anode and a ,grid therebetween, said elements being enclosed in a medium exhibiting the phenomenon of resonance and means for maintaining a oon- Stant potential dierence between the anode and grid while applyin a Vmodulating influence between them an the cathode.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US279581A 1919-02-27 1919-02-27 Electron-tube apparatus Expired - Lifetime US1465997A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US279581A US1465997A (en) 1919-02-27 1919-02-27 Electron-tube apparatus
US279532A US1465998A (en) 1919-02-27 1919-02-27 Detector tube
FR519666A FR519666A (fr) 1919-02-27 1920-02-12 Perfectionnements aux tubes à électrons
FR22767A FR22767E (fr) 1919-02-27 1920-02-13 Perfectionnements aux tubes à électrons
GB5899/20A GB139514A (en) 1919-02-27 1920-02-27 Improvements in electron tube apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US279581A US1465997A (en) 1919-02-27 1919-02-27 Electron-tube apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1465997A true US1465997A (en) 1923-08-28

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ID=23069578

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US279581A Expired - Lifetime US1465997A (en) 1919-02-27 1919-02-27 Electron-tube apparatus

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US1465997A (fr)
FR (2) FR519666A (fr)
GB (1) GB139514A (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1158932B (de) * 1962-02-24 1963-12-12 Siemag Siegener Masch Bau Aus mehreren Staffeln bestehende kontinuierliche Walzenstrasse fuer Draht und Feineisen, insbesondere zum Walzen von Edelstahl

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR519666A (fr) 1921-06-14
FR22767E (fr) 1921-08-23
GB139514A (en) 1921-06-27

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