US1534148A - Sound-translating apparatus - Google Patents

Sound-translating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US1534148A
US1534148A US458632A US45863221A US1534148A US 1534148 A US1534148 A US 1534148A US 458632 A US458632 A US 458632A US 45863221 A US45863221 A US 45863221A US 1534148 A US1534148 A US 1534148A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sound
gap
cathode
discharge
anode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US458632A
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English (en)
Inventor
Vogt Hans
Engl Josef
Massolle Joseph
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TRI ERGON Ltd
TRI-ERGON Ltd
Original Assignee
TRI ERGON Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DE1916351955D priority Critical patent/DE351955C/de
Priority to DE1919350500D priority patent/DE350500C/de
Priority to DE1920351956D priority patent/DE351956C/de
Priority to DEV15651D priority patent/DE368025C/de
Priority to GB1371/21A priority patent/GB157442A/en
Priority to FR532175D priority patent/FR532175A/fr
Priority to NL18704A priority patent/NL11725C/xx
Application filed by TRI ERGON Ltd filed Critical TRI ERGON Ltd
Priority to US458632A priority patent/US1534148A/en
Priority to DEV16512D priority patent/DE368288C/de
Priority to DEV16511D priority patent/DE366266C/de
Priority to DEV17711D priority patent/DE405857C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1534148A publication Critical patent/US1534148A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R23/00—Transducers other than those covered by groups H04R9/00 - H04R21/00
    • H04R23/004—Transducers other than those covered by groups H04R9/00 - H04R21/00 using ionised gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to improvements in sound translating apparatus, which is particularly usefulfor devices whereby sound .waves are received and cause the production of corresponding electrical currents of aparticularly true and undistorted. character.
  • These acoustically produced electric currents may be utilized in various manners as will be obvious. It will be noted, for example,
  • microphonic apparatus comprising this invention is for various reasons particularly well adapted for the control oroperation of vacuum amplifiers.
  • the control of electric currents by the power of sound can in addition to being effected by purely mechanical methods granular carbon microphones and the like) he also effected by causing the variations of the sound pressure to act on an are discharge. (Hissing are.) Although the latter method has the advantage that no mechani cal means at all (e. g. diaphragms etc.) are employed. and the distortion of the'form of the sound curve which is always caused by mechanical vibrating bodies is therefore precluded, this method has not been found practical. Among the reasons for this, may be noted, first,'that the maintenance of the continuous arc discharge requires a rather considerable current. Accordingly the alternating current corresponding to the sound vibrations, which current is superposed by the controlling action ofthe sound forces upon the continuous current of the are, is very.
  • one of its characteristic features consists in producing the ionization of the discharge gap not by the energy of the dischargingior anode current (independent discharge) but by special additional ionization means independent of the anode tension or anode current (non-independent discharge).
  • special ionizing means high temperatures, Roentgen rays (X-rays), Becquerel rays (rays from a source of radio activity) and light rays of short wave length..(ultra violet rays, etc),iand chemical processes and the like may be employed.
  • an .electrically heated metal cathode may be used, the outer surface of which, in a preferred form of the invention,-is prepared with substances which strongly further the ionization.
  • a constant electron discharge is caused to pass across a small gap in such a -manner as to produce a comparacharge current, when no sound vibrations are the non-independent received is absolutely continuous, i. e.,-'constant.
  • a highly sensitive indicating instrument inserted in the anode current circuit, shows nofluctuations ofcurrent at. all, at a time when no soundvibratibns are being received.
  • the degree of ionization of the disc arge gap may also Part8 be varied in acoustic rhythm, that is, in accordance with the controlling sound gvibrations, by causing a strongly. ionized to pass continuously into the discharge and causing the rate at which-this passesinto the ga to-be varied, in acco ance with'the contro ng sound waves.- This-may be ac-' complished, for example, by the use of what is term'ed 'a discharge capsule, i. e., a pas sage through which the ionized gas passes,
  • our'improved microphone or sound translating device is also highly suitable, on account of its ordinarily high internal resistance, for the control of vacuum amplifying tubes.
  • the vacuum amplifying tube also has a high internal resistance which is conformable to that of the microphoneor translating device disclosed herein, and the microphone and amplifier are particularly well adapted to be connected together by aresistance coupling, as shown in the drawings herein.
  • Fig. 1 represents diagra act directly upon the discharge .current, in
  • Fig. 2 is a.v similarshowmg a constructional form in which the sound waves 'strike against and 0 rate a mechanical. oscillating body by w ich the distance between the cathode and mode is controlled.
  • the sound waves enter the'funnel, or-sound receiving device t in the direction ofthe arrow, which funnel preferably terminates In] ordercth'at the inventionmay be more mma tically, 5L
  • the funnel as illustrated, may be ota tapering form to condense the sound waves which pass through the same.
  • the nozzle at the smaller or inner end of the funnel forms, or carries, the anode a.
  • the anode is placed a very short distance in front of the cathode It, whereas the distance between the electrodes in a carbon arc discharge is relatively considerable. Itis well known that in a carbon arc device the arc cannot be formed andmaintained when the? electrodes are as close together as they are, or may be in an electron discharge type of apparatus of the character here described.
  • thecathode is heated by battery I). which, as illustrated, is included in series with the cathode in a local heatingcircuit.
  • the anode and cathode together with the dischar e a between them are connected in series in a circuit including the source of potential represented by battery and a suitably dimensioned resistance -21.
  • Battery 12 supplies a high potential drop through resistance u, at the discharge gap. 0.
  • This resistance may, for example, be the windings of a telephone receiver or it may for example be a suitable coupling resistance for vacuum amplifying tubes
  • the circuit leading away from the anode-cathode circuit illustrated, in which the acoustically modified current which is desired is to be transmitted. is represented by the wires, illustrated in Fig 1. connected one on each side of the resistance u.v If this circuit is toinclude vacuum amplifying tubes for intensifying the speaking current produced, the resistance 10 should be a proper ohmic coupling resistance for such tubes.
  • the cathode be heated by the battery 7:, it ionizes the space between anode a and cathode Z' and an electron discharge takes place between the cathode and anode, with a consequent flow at current across the gap.
  • This. current will begreater or less in strength in accordance with the degree of ionization of the discharge gap and also in accordance with the anode potential and in accordance with the form of the anode, certain forms of anode being more favorable for the distribution of the field to produce a strong current than other forms,-
  • this acoustically influenced alternating current being caused by the impingement of the sound vibrations directly upon the discharge gap. It is believed that .this modification of the current flowing across the gap is caused largely by the vibratory motion of the air corresponding to the sound waves, and partly to the pressure induced by the sound waves.
  • FIG. 2 A similar effect is obtained by the arrangement shown in Fig. 2, in which the same reference numerals are used to indicate corresponding parts.
  • the funnel t is closed at its inner end by a diaphragm m to which. is mechanically connected the anode a.
  • the sound waves entering funnel t actupon diaphragm m and set the same. into vibration as a result of which the anode carried by the diaphragm moves to greater or less extent towards the cathode is.
  • the resistance of the discharge gap is varied in accordance with the variation indistance between the cathode and anode thus. produced, and the current flowing across the gap and in the anode circuit will accordingly be varied in accordance with the sound vibrations which produce the movement of diaphragm m.
  • the cathode should be formed of a conducting material which is incombustible, and not volatilizable at the temperatures used, such a material being. for example, a suitable metal. Also. as has been stated, this cathode may be coated with. or its surface prepared with. a material which will tend to increase. when heated. the ionization of the air or other gas in the discharge gap. Such substances are known, such for example as certain oxides of the. alkaline earth metals, such as theoxides of calcium or strontium or barium, which may be used for this purpose.
  • Sound translating apparatus comprising the combination of a circuit including an anode and cathode adjacent thereto with a gas dischargepath between them and a source of potential, ionizing means for said path separate from said source, and means for causing sound Waves to be directed through the -air upon said discharge path to modify the electrical conditions in said path.
  • Sound translating apparatus comprising the combination of a sound receiving member, a circuit including a pair of electrodes with an air gap forming a gas discharge path between them and a source of potential, and ionizing means for said path separate from said source, said sound receiving member and discharge path being adjacent to each other and so arranged that current-flowing along said path will be modified in accordance with the sound vibrations.
  • Sound translating apparatus comprising the combination of a circuit including' an anode andcathode with an air gap forming a gas discharge gap between them, means for producing a constant electron dischar e across said gap producing a comparative y small constant direct current in'said circuit, said current being insufiicient to volatilize the cathode, and a sound receiving member adjacent to said gap so arranged in relation thereto as to cause sound vibrations received to cause the superimposition on the direct current" in the gap of an alternating current fluctuating 1n accordance with the sound vibrations.
  • Sound translating apparatus comprlsing the combination of a circuit including an'anode and a non-volatilizing cathode with an air gap forming a gas discharge gap between them, means for producing a constant electron discharge across said gap, producing a small constant direct current in said circuit, said means comprising a source of potential in said circuit and a separate heating circuit for said cathode, and a sound transmitting member adjacent to said gap i so arranged in relation thereto as to cause sound vibrations received to cause the super- 7 prlsing the combination of a circuit includimposition on the direct current in the gap of an alternating current fluctuating in accordance with the sound vibrations.
  • Sound translating apparatus comprising the combination of a circuit including an anode and cathode adjacent thereto with a gas discharge path between them and a source of potential, ionizing means for said path comprising a separate heating circuit for said cathode, and means for causing sound waves to be directed through a fluid for causing sound waves to be directed en-' tirely'through a fluid medium upon said discharge path in the direction of the path from the anode to the cathode, to modify the electrical conditions in said path.
  • Sound translating apparatus comprising the combination of a circuit including an anode and a cathode with a gas discharge gap between them, means for producing a constant electron discharge across said gap producing a comparatively small constant direct current in saidcircuit, and a sound" receiving member extending adjacent to said anode in the direction of the path-from the anode to the cathode, to cause sound vibrameans for producing a constant electron dis,
  • Sound translating apparatus comprising the combination of a circuit including an anode and a cathode adjacent thereto with an air gap comprising a gas discharge path between them, and a source of potential, means separate from said source for heating said cathode to ionize said gap, said source and circuit being arranged to cause a relatively small current to flow through said circuit-and across said gap, and a sound receiving member leading to said gap, arranged to cause sound vibrations received to modify the electrical conditions in said gap.
  • Sound translating apparatus coming an anode and cathode adjacent thereto with a. gas discharge gap between them and a source of high volt-a e and a resistance, ionizing means for said gap separate from said source, and a sound receiving member leading to said gap, arranged to cause sound vibrations received to modify the electrical conditions in said gap.
  • Sound translating apparatus comprising the combination of a circuit including an anode and a cathode with an air gapforming a gas discharge gap between them, the cathode being of metal with an external surface composed of a substance which upon being heated tends to increase ionization in the gap, means for producing a constant 1 election discharge-across said gap producing a comparatlvely small constant direct current in said circuit, said current being insuflicient to volatilize said cathodef and a sound receiving member closely adjacent brations.
  • Sound translating apparatus comprising the combination of a sound receiving conduit, a circuit including an anode and cathode adjacent thereto with an air gap forming a gas discharge path between them, a source of potential and a high ohmic resistance, suitable as coupling re.
  • sistance for a vacuum amplifier an ionizing means for said path separate from said source, said sound receiving conduit anddischarge pathbeing adjacent to each other and so arranged that current flowing along said path will be modified in accordance with the sound vibrations. and output circuit connections connected of sald reslstance. 1 a
  • Sound translating apparatus comacross the ends prising the combination of a circuit includ- 7 ing an anode and cathode adjacent thereto sound transmitting conduit one end ofwhich extends to and opens directly upon said path.
  • Sound translating apparatus com-- prising the combination of a circuit including an anode and cathode adjacent thereto with a gas discharge path between them and a source of potential, a separate heating circuit for said cathode, and a sound transmitting conduit one end of which extends to and opens directly 'upon said path.
  • Sound translating apparatus comprising the combination of a circuit including an anode and cathode adjacent thereto with an air gap forming'a gas dischargepath between them and a source of potential, a separate heating circuit for said cathode. and a sound transmitting'conduit one end of which extends closely adjacent to said path, said sound transmitting device being aligned with the an'ode-cathode path.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
US458632A 1916-11-05 1921-04-04 Sound-translating apparatus Expired - Lifetime US1534148A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1916351955D DE351955C (de) 1916-11-05 1916-11-05 Gluehkathode fuer Mikrophone
DE1919350500D DE350500C (de) 1919-08-03 1919-08-03 Verfahren zur Steuerung elektrischer Stroeme durch Schallkraefte
DE1920351956D DE351956C (de) 1919-08-03 1920-06-23 Gasentladungsstrecke zur Steuerung elektrischer Stroeme unter Einwirkung von Schallkraeften
DEV15651D DE368025C (de) 1919-08-03 1920-06-23 Verfahren zur Steuerung elektrischer Stroeme durch Schallkraefte
GB1371/21A GB157442A (en) 1919-08-03 1921-01-10 Improvements in or relating to microphones and the like
FR532175D FR532175A (fr) 1919-08-03 1921-03-15 Procédé pour l'induction de courants électriques par le son
NL18704A NL11725C (fr) 1919-08-03 1921-03-26
US458632A US1534148A (en) 1919-08-03 1921-04-04 Sound-translating apparatus
DEV16512D DE368288C (de) 1919-08-03 1921-05-19 Einrichtung zur Ausfuehrung des Verfahrens zur Steuerung elektrischer Stroeme durch Schallkraefte
DEV16511D DE366266C (de) 1919-08-03 1921-05-19 Vorrichtung zur Unterdrueckung von Luftstroemungen bei dem Verfahren zur Steuerung elektrischer Stroeme durch Schallkraefte
DEV17711D DE405857C (de) 1919-08-03 1922-08-26 Gluehkathode fuer Mikrophone mit ionisierter Gasstrecke

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE350500T 1919-08-03
US458632A US1534148A (en) 1919-08-03 1921-04-04 Sound-translating apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1534148A true US1534148A (en) 1925-04-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US458632A Expired - Lifetime US1534148A (en) 1916-11-05 1921-04-04 Sound-translating apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US1534148A (fr)
DE (7) DE351955C (fr)
FR (1) FR532175A (fr)
GB (1) GB157442A (fr)
NL (1) NL11725C (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2524227A (en) * 1945-01-10 1950-10-03 Comptoir Des Cendres Et Metaux Thermionic emitting device
US2530745A (en) * 1948-12-10 1950-11-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Transistor microphone with conductive grains
US2669609A (en) * 1948-10-30 1954-02-16 Rca Corp Electron discharge device
US3580075A (en) * 1967-07-31 1971-05-25 Corning Glass Works Pressure transducer for ionizable fluids

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2768246A (en) * 1951-05-12 1956-10-23 Charles Legorju Electrical transducer
US5401038A (en) * 1993-08-26 1995-03-28 David G. Peck Mechanical brake for in-line roller skates
US5375859A (en) * 1993-08-26 1994-12-27 David G. Peck Mechanical brake for in-line roller skate

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2524227A (en) * 1945-01-10 1950-10-03 Comptoir Des Cendres Et Metaux Thermionic emitting device
US2669609A (en) * 1948-10-30 1954-02-16 Rca Corp Electron discharge device
US2530745A (en) * 1948-12-10 1950-11-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Transistor microphone with conductive grains
US3580075A (en) * 1967-07-31 1971-05-25 Corning Glass Works Pressure transducer for ionizable fluids

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR532175A (fr) 1922-01-30
NL11725C (fr) 1924-10-15
DE351955C (de) 1922-04-19
DE368288C (de) 1923-02-06
DE405857C (de) 1924-11-12
DE368025C (de) 1923-01-29
DE351956C (de) 1922-04-19
DE366266C (de) 1923-01-03
DE350500C (de) 1922-03-22
GB157442A (en) 1921-09-22

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