US1537352A - Electrical apparatus - Google Patents

Electrical apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US1537352A
US1537352A US332621A US33262119A US1537352A US 1537352 A US1537352 A US 1537352A US 332621 A US332621 A US 332621A US 33262119 A US33262119 A US 33262119A US 1537352 A US1537352 A US 1537352A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
oil
chamber
vessel
fluid
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US332621A
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English (en)
Inventor
John D Hilliard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DEI20782D priority Critical patent/DE377899C/de
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US332621A priority patent/US1537352A/en
Priority to GB408520A priority patent/GB162820A/en
Priority to FR526360526360A priority patent/FR526360A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1537352A publication Critical patent/US1537352A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/72—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid having stationary parts for directing the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid, e.g. arc-extinguishing chamber
    • H01H33/75—Liquid-break switches, e.g. oil-break

Definitions

  • My invention relates to electrical apparatus in which the parts thereof are surrounded by an insulating Huid, such as il, and particularly to Velectric switches havin contacts separable in an insulating fini
  • the object of my invention is to provide a novel and im roved slivitch of' this general type in whic dangerous pressures within the vessel are eliminated, throwing of oil from the switch is prevented,-the possibility of secondary danger of impalringtheinsulating lproperties of the oil is overcome, and which consists in vgeneral of an entirely new structure whercbv the interrupting capacity of of which the following is a speciswitches of the oil-break type may be greatly increased.
  • Switches in which the contacts are separat-ed beneath the surface of an insulating fluid, such as oil, have been called upon to open circuits of constantly4 higher voltage systems and of not works constantly increasing in size and amount of energy to he interrupted, until in 'thel switches now in use, various limitations have been met which mustbe solved before such switches 155 may be used in the resent high energy circuits and the possib y higher energy circuits-of the future.
  • cil vessel m a very short interval of tlme. It has beerufound from tests made that the ⁇ volume of gas' generated depends upon the KVA interrupted, the character of the load and the characteristics of the breaker. AThis volume of gas'formed produces two separate stresses, iirst a severe hammer blow or impulse propagated at high speed through the'oii mass acting to stress the tank, and second, slower stresses produced by the expansion of the gases and by secondary gas explosions occurring in the air chamber above the oil. These second stresses are usually manifested by blowing of oil out of the'tank and by distortion of the tank, The
  • I also provide means for cooling the gases as they rise to the top of lthe oil vessel and for permitting their A exit from the switch through an opening con-- trolled by a normally closed valve.
  • the switch enibodyingimy invention is also provided with means to maintain the main oil vessel completely filled with oil, thus preventing gases from becoming entrappedI
  • The. normal pressure' within 'the'y therein.' tank may be kept constant and at any pres- ⁇ sure desired.
  • I thus provide a switch iii which the disadvantages of existing switches are overcome, and by preventing stresses within thc tank dueto gas formation and deceleration of the oil -mass, ⁇
  • I provide a switch with a greatly increased interrupting capacity.
  • the principles of my invention are also applicable to transformers in which' the windings are located within a vessel containing oil and in which gases. may be formed by static sparks.
  • Fig. 1 my invention is shown embodied in a switch or" the oil-break type comprising an insulated tank or vessel 1 adapted to contain oil or other insulating fluid.
  • the fixed contacts 2of the switch are carried upon suitable insulating members o r-busliings 3 supported by thecover 4 for the vessel.
  • movable contacts 5 carried by -a bridging member 6.
  • the bridging member is carried by an insulating rod 7 extending through the top or cover 4 of the oil vessel 1 and is adapted to be actuated by any suitable operating mechanism, not shown, to move contacts 2 and 5. into and out of engagement to control the circuit through the switch.
  • the form ofswitch shown in Fig. 1 the form ofswitch shown in Fig. 1, the
  • fixed contacts 2 are surrounded by explosionf or compression chambers 8 provided with insulated openings through which the contacts 5 are movable.
  • Supported from the bottom of the explosion chambers 8 are insulating barrier members 9 of cylindrical shape Vwhich surround the chambers and supply the necessary insulation.
  • a i casing-or barrier 1() substantially concentrically disposed and extending nearly to the bottom of the vessel but spaced away from the sides of the vessel to providean annular space or chamber 11.
  • the barrier 10 is properly insulated or may be formedof insulating material.
  • the chamber 11 is hermetically closed at the top by an annular member 12.
  • the .chamber 11 formed bybarrier l0 constitutes an 'expansion chamber or shock absorbing means for the switch, as will be described hereinafter and also serves as a.
  • An outlet 13 is provided communicating with the top of chamber l1 which may bev opened or closed so that. with the requisite amount ot oil or other insulating fluid WithlUJ llt)
  • air or gas pressure can be ⁇ admitted through the outlet 13 to force the oil down in'the annular chamber 11 to some- .le ⁇ vel such as indicated at a or until the level of the oil within the een* 'l or main portion of the tank is at any lie-igv desired.
  • the pressure within the chamber 11 is suicient to maintain the oil level at the-top otl the vessel and against cover 4 so that the tank 1 is completely filled with oil .with no air chamber above thej oil level. elimination of the ordinary air chamber,
  • any pressure desired may be exerted uponthe oil within' the tank 1, the level of 'the oil'rin chamber 11' giving 'an indication ofvftheA volume of gasfwitliin the expansion chambers.
  • I provide a laight 'gauge or level indicator 14 comprising Afa. ollon7 .upright tube 15 of transparent material, in ⁇ communication with the top of "chamber/11 andthe lower end of the tank 1.
  • the;V level o-fthe oil in the tube 15 and hence inV cliamberfll may be controlled to maintainltli'e tank l completelyiilled with oil at anydesired/pressure. If desired, inert an 'hydrous gas may beused Within chamberll.
  • the normal pressure withn-thetank may be maintained constan at any desired value.
  • This shock absorbing means comprises chambers 'substantially filled with acompressible Fluid such as air or .inert gas 'held sealed iii the chambers' or entrapped in position by .the oil.
  • acompressible Fluid such as air or .inert gas 'held sealed iii the chambers' or entrapped in position by .the oil.
  • Fig. 1 I have shown combined in one switch, vseveral formsofiexpansion chambers.
  • One form in which my shock absorb-v ing means is used.' consists of chambers 16 mounted substantiall concentric With the 'tanlrl and supporte byiupriglits or studsl 17 secured to the casing or -barrier 1:0.
  • FIG. 1 A sectional View of the supporting'structui'e f' for the chambers 16 is shown in Fig. 1.
  • Each chamber is shaped to form a pocket which is substantially filled with air or inert gas held sealed or entrapped by 'the oil with which the vessel is filled..
  • I provide a receptacle or expansion chamber -19 ofa dome coniguration open at the bottom and movably' supported upon pins 20.
  • This chamber is preterably centrall dis osed near the bottom of the oil vesse ladgacent the lower end of barrier' 10.
  • the pins 2O are secured to the bottom of the vessel and extend up through suitable channels 2l in the chamber 19.
  • chamber 19 is freely movable, along pins 2O but is limited in its upward movement by stops or nuts 22 threaded on the '1 ends of' pins 20 andl adjustable thereon.. Normally.” due to' the air or inert gas filling chamber 19, the chamber floats in the position, shown in Fig. 1, against stops 22. Upon opening of the switch, the oil mass in moving forces the chamber ⁇ 19 doi'vri and the oil up int-o the chamber thereby compressing the air within the chamber 19 and providing a space for the oil to be displaced by the gas from the arc. i
  • iii the switch shown in Fig. 1 three types of expansion chambers are shown, the annular chambers 16, the chamber 11, and chamber 19. These chambers are all below the oil surface and contain air. or inert gas which is sealed or enti'apped 1n the chamber by the', insulating liquid. jTliis air or gas is easily compressible. and when the switch opens and the gases are formed by the arc, the oil is forced into-the expansion chambers to compresslio gas in ⁇ the chambers.
  • the volume of oil entering the chambers is substantially equal to .the volume of gas generated. ⁇ The movementpf the oil into the chambers thus pro; i
  • the level of the oil is forced down and ctnsequentlyI the float 24 falls andl opens the outlet permitting; the'valve 23 to furnish an exit forall the gases. lVhen all the gas has been expelled and the level. of the oil rises to normal position, the ioat 24 automatically from the switch.
  • a cooling means for the gases which consists of screens or perforated members 25 be- .tween which is a layer of porous material 26 such as gravel or like material.
  • the ri'nciples of my invention are equally app icable to explosion or4 pressure .
  • retaining chambers installed as a part of hlgh tension switches as well as to the oil vessels themselves,- as the explosion ⁇ chamber may be consideredas a small high pressure switch within the main switch.
  • the explosion lchamber type of switch the are is drawn between the fixed' and movable contacts which' are surrounded by the explosion chamber.
  • a high pressure is developed within the chamber until the movable contact moves out of the chamber whereupon the pressure is then utilized to blast a'current of oil out of the opening to interrupt the circuit. unless the blast of oil 1s delivered with great rapidity, due to great pressurefits interrupting effect is impaired. According therefore, to the principles of m.
  • l may provide expansion cham ers within tl vexplosion -chamber into whichthe oil wit 1in the ,explosion chamber may How due to the excessive pressure developed; providing these expansion chambers, permit of a greater gas generation within the pres- In these explosion chambers,
  • This chamber is of usual steel construction suitably insulated with an opening in the lower wall supplied by an insulating bushing 29 through which the movable contact passes.
  • Substantially concentrically disposed with-' in chamber 28 is an annular member 30 spaced apart from the walls of chamber -28 .forming the expansion chamber 31 for the oil.within the chamber 28.- This member 30 may be of insulating material or may consist of insulated metal.
  • the expansion chamber 31, as has been before described, contains air or inert gas which ma be compressed topermit of expansion o the oil in the manner already 'set forth.
  • This expansion chamber 31 may be of the form shown or may consist of one or more annular rings of .the type shown by chambers 16 of Figs. 1 and 4.
  • a pressure retaining or compression t pe o i hamber in which the are 1s first rawn as the contacts separate. W'ithin this closed lchamber is substantially concentrically 'an expansion chamber 34 of the annular typej
  • This chamber is of the inverted type similar' to -chambers 16 of Fig. l and is suitably insulated or made of insulating material itself. This chamber contains an inert gas or air 'and functions as has been described.
  • An oil. switch provided with a bafe composed of an aggregation of individual bodies located beneath' the normal surface of the oil andA arranged in the path of the material ejected upon the opening of the switch.
  • An oil switch comprising a vessel ⁇ adapted to contain oil, said vessel being provided with an outlet for gases formed upon an opening of the switch and a porous mass of insulatingl material located beneath the normal surface of the oil Within said vessel and forming a plurality of extended narrow passages for the escape of said gases,
  • avessel adapted to contain insulating fluid, relatively. movable cooperating contacts separable in said fluid and means surrounding said contacts ⁇ and located at different levels ivithin said vessel and operative in response to the generation of' gases formed as said contacts separate to permit displacement of said fluidby the gases formed.
  • thel combination with a vessel adapted to contain an insulating fluid, of means Within said vessel forming a chamber, the walls of which are independent ofthe walls of said vessel, containing a gas compressible to permit ithe flow of said fluid into said chamber.
  • a vessel adapted to be filled withV an A'insulating fluid, relatively movable cooperating contacts separable in said fluid, a chamber within said vessel communicating with said fluid and containing a gas, and means for varying the gas pressure within said chamber and hence the pressure exerted upon the insulating fluid in said vessel.
  • thecom- 'bination with avessel adapted to contain an vessel, said outlet being automatically closed after said gases are expelled, and means in the path of exit of said gases for cooling the gases in their passage from said vessel.
  • the combination with a vessel adapted to be filled with an insulating fluid, relatively movable cooperating contacts separable in said fluid, a chamber in said fluid containing a gas held entrapped by said fluid, and means whereby the normal volume of gas within said.chamber may be controlled to adjust tbc level of the insulating fluid in said vessel.
  • said gas being compressed to provide a space forl the flow vf said fluid therein by pres# sures developed within said vessel.
  • An'oil switch comprising a vessel for l porous mass supported by -said container v plurality of tortuous passages for the ⁇ escape of said gases.

Landscapes

  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
US332621A 1919-10-23 1919-10-23 Electrical apparatus Expired - Lifetime US1537352A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEI20782D DE377899C (de) 1919-10-23 Elektrischer Apparat, der in einem Gefaess mit Isolierfluessigkeit enthalten ist
US332621A US1537352A (en) 1919-10-23 1919-10-23 Electrical apparatus
GB408520A GB162820A (en) 1919-10-23 1920-02-10 Improvements in and relating to electric switches
FR526360526360A FR526360A (fr) 1919-10-23 1920-10-22 Perfectionnements aux appareils électriques à bain d'huile

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US332621A US1537352A (en) 1919-10-23 1919-10-23 Electrical apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1537352A true US1537352A (en) 1925-05-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US332621A Expired - Lifetime US1537352A (en) 1919-10-23 1919-10-23 Electrical apparatus

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US (1) US1537352A (fr)
FR (1) FR526360A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2507971A (en) * 1950-06-09 1950-05-16 Forges Ateliers Const Electr Circuit breaker
US2523082A (en) * 1946-11-30 1950-09-19 Gen Electric Surface coated electrical bushing

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2523082A (en) * 1946-11-30 1950-09-19 Gen Electric Surface coated electrical bushing
US2507971A (en) * 1950-06-09 1950-05-16 Forges Ateliers Const Electr Circuit breaker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR526360A (fr) 1921-10-07

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