US1700766A - Continuously-loaded submarine cable - Google Patents

Continuously-loaded submarine cable Download PDF

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Publication number
US1700766A
US1700766A US617511A US61751123A US1700766A US 1700766 A US1700766 A US 1700766A US 617511 A US617511 A US 617511A US 61751123 A US61751123 A US 61751123A US 1700766 A US1700766 A US 1700766A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
conductor
loading
loaded
filling
permeability
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US617511A
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English (en)
Inventor
Archie R Kemp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Western Electric Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Western Electric Co Inc filed Critical Western Electric Co Inc
Priority to US617511A priority Critical patent/US1700766A/en
Priority to GB20744/23A priority patent/GB211095A/en
Priority to DEI23976D priority patent/DE443197C/de
Priority to FR574182D priority patent/FR574182A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1700766A publication Critical patent/US1700766A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
    • H01B11/12—Arrangements for exhibiting specific transmission characteristics
    • H01B11/14—Continuously inductively loaded cables, e.g. Krarup cables
    • H01B11/143—Continuously inductively loaded cables, e.g. Krarup cables using helically wound magnetic tape

Definitions

  • ARCHIE R. KEMP OF TOWACO, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T0 WESTERN ELECTRIC COM- IPANY, INCORPORATED, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OI NEW YORK.
  • This invention relates to continuously loaded submarinelcables .and more particularly to such cables in which the loadingmaterial employed exhibits high permeablhty at low magnetizing forces.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a cable construction such that the characteristics of the loading material will be'retained when submerged in considerable depths of water.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for insulating a loaded conductor in such a manner that the pressure applied to the loadingdape when the cable is submerged will be uniform and that no strains or deformation in the loading mate rial will result from the submergence of the cable to very great depths.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a'method for insulating a loaded conductor in such manner that it may be preserved during the process of manufacture and storage of the cable prior to-submergence, in such condition that during laying and also during its submergence tovery great depths for long periods of time, the pressure applied to the loading material will be uniform and that, the said material will be subjected to no strains or deformation.
  • One of the features of the invention consists in including, in a cable having a loaded conductor, a quantit. of a filling material which is in excess 0 the amount needed to fill all the interstices in the cable core and .fioat the loading material, protecting it against strains or deformation, the excess amount of filling material constituting a resloading material to be deformed by the extremey high water pressure to WhlCh'.tl'l8 cable is, subjected upon submergence. This deformation causes the permeability of the Serial No. 617,511.
  • loading material to be reduced due to mechanical strain in the loading material, the strain being introduced as a result of nonuniform pressure being applied to the loading tape when pressure is applied by the water to the insulated conductor.
  • Chatterto'ns compound is usually applied by drawing the v conductor continuously through a bath of the For instance, it has been found that pure iron netic permeability when the cable is submerged, as would be expected. It has been found, however, that when conductors loaded with nickel-iron compositions of high initlal permeability are insulated in this manner,
  • the effect of the non-uniform pressure is to introduce strains of deformation in the loading material. That this is the case is further borne out by the fact that if the loaded con-' ductor is subjected to pressure in a manner to insure uniform pressure being applied to the loading material, no observable change of inductance is produced.
  • the present invention contemplates overcoming the tendency of the loading material to be deformed bypressure under service conditions by suitably filling theinterstices, not onlv between the adjacent turns of the loading tape and between the tape and the conductor, but also between'the strands of the conductor itself, if the conductor be of the stranded type, and providing on the outside of the loading tape a relatively thick coating of filling material to constitute a reservoir-whichwill constantly supply filling material throughout the length or he cable to any points of low pressure and fil-i interstices which may not have been filled prior to the application of the gutta percha covering, or which develop during the fabrication, storage, laying and use of the cable.
  • A'filling material suitable for this purpose should be one that will be fluid and remain fluid during the fabrication of the entire cable, during storage and laying, and also at temperatures and pressures to which the cable is subjected while in service.
  • a suitable viscosity to, form a layer thick enough to constitute the reservoir above mentioned which Wlll retain its position on the loading material during the manufacture of the cable.
  • Such a material should not be deleterious to either the copper or other metal constituting the conductor, tothe loading material or to the gutta percha covering, or other insulation.
  • the material should also have insulating'qualities approximating the insulating qualities of the gutta percha or other insulating material.
  • gutta percha which is usually applied at temperatures between approximately 50 centigrade and 75 centigrade, this material should be of such character 'that'it will have sufiicient viscosity to hold itself in place during application of the gutta percha.
  • a core of this type may be laid at various depths in sea waters where it will not infrequently encountertem- 'peratures' around zero degrees centigrade, and as a consequence the filling material, in
  • thermore be of such character that after long periods of time it will still be sufficiently fluid i tofill the interstices of the core and serve as a means for floating the loading tape and guard it against strains or deformation.
  • the material should be of such character that it will not readily mix with the gutta percha or other insulating material or g harden materially with age, due to diffusion ofits more mobile constituents into the i nsulating material or otherwise.
  • One material incorporating all of the char acterlst-lcs above referredto comprises, aliqui d bitumen consisting largely of malthenes and so refined as to be free from'appreciable matter-'volat-ile-below 200 cen tigrade.
  • fmalthencs is commonly used to define those constituents present in asphalt which aresoluble in petroleum ether (benzine) hav: 9
  • liquid bitumen has a penetration not less thantwenty-five units at centigrade as measured by a standard penetrometer of the New York Testing Laboratory design, using a 100 gram 'load acting for five seconds on a standard needle; It will probably be found that liquid bitumen of this type will have an ash content below one-tenth per cent, and. that the material will be soluble in petroleum ether to the extent of ninety per cent or more. The insoluble constituents are likely to consist of hard brittle asphalt like substances. If. de-
  • the loaded conduct-or - may be drawn through a bath of the filling material and wiped with a wiper of such diameter as to leave a coating of the filling material from .005 to .010 thick on the outside of the loading material.
  • the gutta percha or other: insulating covering is applied on top-of this filling material, and asthe former contracts, it will force the filling material into all of the interstices of the loaded conductor, the amount of fillng material applied,however, being suflicient to' leave a surplus between ,the loading tape and the gutta percha, or other insulation-to serve as a reservoir for.
  • this method is not applicable to 1 the conductor loaded with magnetic material of high permeability of the type de-. scribed, for the reason that this high permeability is best secured by a. heat treatment process which is given the loaded conductor 3 after the loading material has been applied.
  • This heat treatment includes passing the loaded conductor through a furnace maintained at a temperature of approximately 900 C. Suclra high temperature would destroy any known insulating material which is fluid under the conditions to which the cable is later to be subjected. Hence, the
  • Chattertons compound first and the loading material second is not suitable for filling the interstices of the conductor loaded with an alloy of high permeability which is sensitive to mechanical strain.
  • Fig. 1 is an elevation, partly in plain and partly in section, showing the loaded conductor in its preferred form
  • Fig. 2 is a cross section of a cable 'core made in accordance with the present invention.
  • 1 is the central copper wire of the ,conductor surrounded by a plurality of helicallYfapplied, segmental 1, form the conductor, which is a type commonly employed for longsubmarine cables.
  • the loading ma Surrounding the conductor, is the loading ma which may not have been filled when thejfill ing material was applied or voids which may develop during the fabrication, storage, lay-' ing and use of the cable; This'fillin'g ma-- strips 2 which, together with the central wire
  • the filling material terial is of such quantity as to effectually ffloat the loading tape and prevent its be ingsubjected to strains or deformations either during its manufacture, or storage orat temperatures and pressures-to whichit is subjected in use of the cable which further comprises, in the ordinary case, layers of jute and'armoring
  • the structure illustrated forms the core.
  • a continuously loaded submarine cable having substantially all the interstices of the conductor and loading; material filled with a material adapted to equalize pressure upon the loading material when hydrostatic pressure-is applied to the cablefand the loading material being surrounded by an excess of said material for filling interstices whichmay developsuhsequently to its application.
  • a continuously loaded submarine con ductor having the loading material completely surrounded by a layer of pressure equalizing material, said material being fluid at 2 centigr ade, and having insulating properties approximating those of gutta percha, and the loading material of said loaded conductor having a' magnetic property which is highly sensitive to applied strains.
  • a continuously loaded submarine cable having a conducting core, a layer of magnetic material disposed about said core, a
  • a continuously loaded submarine cable having a conducting core, a layer of magnetic material disposed about sald core, sald magnetic material having a magnetic property which. is deleteriously affected by strains applied to said material, a layer of heavy insulating material disposed about said loading material, and a pressure equalizing material completely surroundin said magnetic material to relieve it of stralns, said equalizing material having a penetration of not less than 25 units at 0 centigrade as measuredv load acting upon a standard needle and having insulatin properties approximating those of said insulating material.
  • A' continuously loaded submarine conductor the loading material consisting of an alloy the permeability of which varies mate rially when the 'alloyis strained, and a filling of liquid bitumen consisting largely of m'althenes completely surrounding said loading material to prevent strain thereof.
  • the. loading material consisting of an alloy the permeability of which varies mater r'ially when the alloy is strained, and a filling of liquid bitumen consisting largely of malthenes, which is so refinedas to be free from appreciable matter volatile below 200 centigrade surrounding said loading material to prevent undue stresses beingexerted thereon.
  • a continuously loaded submarine conductor havin a layer of magneticvmaterial and a layer '0 filling material over the magnetic material, the loading material consisting of an alloy capable of having high perv-meabilitg under favorable conditions and having materially reduced permeability When strained, and the layerof filling material being not less than five-thousandths of an inch in thickness; 1 a i 13.
  • a continuously loaded submarine cable comprising a conductor, a layer oftmagnetic material disposed thereabout', and a filling of liquid bitumen of not less than five thousandths of an inch thickness over the magnetic material.
  • a continuously loaded submarine cable comprising a copper conductor and a layer of magnetic material disposed thereabout and gutta percha insulation, said magnetic material being surrounded by a layer at least five thousandths of an inch in thickness of fillingmaterial-which is fiuid under-sea bottom conditions and which is not deleterious to the copper conductor, themagnetic material, or.

Landscapes

  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
US617511A 1923-02-07 1923-02-07 Continuously-loaded submarine cable Expired - Lifetime US1700766A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US617511A US1700766A (en) 1923-02-07 1923-02-07 Continuously-loaded submarine cable
GB20744/23A GB211095A (en) 1923-02-07 1923-08-15 Improvements in continuously loaded submarine cables
DEI23976D DE443197C (de) 1923-02-07 1923-08-26 Unterseekabel
FR574182D FR574182A (fr) 1923-02-07 1923-11-12 Perfectionnements dans les câbles sous-marins pupinisés d'une manière continue

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US617511A US1700766A (en) 1923-02-07 1923-02-07 Continuously-loaded submarine cable

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1700766A true US1700766A (en) 1929-02-05

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US617511A Expired - Lifetime US1700766A (en) 1923-02-07 1923-02-07 Continuously-loaded submarine cable

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US1700766A (fr)
DE (1) DE443197C (fr)
FR (1) FR574182A (fr)
GB (1) GB211095A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140035712A1 (en) * 2011-04-07 2014-02-06 Christer Thornkvist Cable And Electromagnetic Device Comprising The Same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140035712A1 (en) * 2011-04-07 2014-02-06 Christer Thornkvist Cable And Electromagnetic Device Comprising The Same
US9013260B2 (en) * 2011-04-07 2015-04-21 Abb Research Ltd. Cable and electromagnetic device comprising the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR574182A (fr) 1924-07-07
GB211095A (en) 1924-05-22
DE443197C (de) 1927-04-22

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