US1764441A - Arrangement for directional transmission and reception by means of electric waves - Google Patents

Arrangement for directional transmission and reception by means of electric waves Download PDF

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Publication number
US1764441A
US1764441A US46589A US4658925A US1764441A US 1764441 A US1764441 A US 1764441A US 46589 A US46589 A US 46589A US 4658925 A US4658925 A US 4658925A US 1764441 A US1764441 A US 1764441A
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arrangement
antennae
directional
antenna
reception
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US46589A
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English (en)
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Hahnemann Walter
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is to obtain as p I sharp as possible a directional e'fiect by a plu-' 10 ra'lit'y oftransiiiitting or receiving antennae located at definite distances apart from one" a 1 another given by theory; 7 i r 5 ,tlieqsame?distai celi .Furthermore,- inthese screen made ofzwire is used.
  • the method according to the invention con- 7 sists in using more than two or three, in other ords-a multiplicity OfitllllSiIllttlIlgiOI re- Directional antennaaritangeinents have V ,5 ,been used heretofore for ireless telegraphy 15 in yvl iclreitherjoi e antenna or several an-v improve- Miss-Ion AND nncErrioiv: eenage s-7 0a").
  • Wavesorin pulses in the antennae and jiIi-proby means of time lag circuits inserted between figures the gcurvesiffor the'flplane directional I 'ducingthe same directional effect in receiv j ingelectrical waves in the ⁇ observers' station Z H79 the difierent' antennae andthe sourcefofelecr' ff f trical energy or the observers station.”"" Instead of makingnse-of ti ne lag Lcircuitsthe I same efifect mayhe -obtainedbyproducing the 'properfrelation of phasei of theifeedingcun 100 25 the di-fierent antennae rentfor theparticular antennae in'the source of the current itself.
  • 'Another feature of the invention consists in shadowing away or reflecting and making use of one of the two rays of waves emitted by an arrangement according to the invention, or by a similar directional arrangement.
  • the figures are based for the case of transmission on excitation of the individual antennae in the same phase. .Here they give the root of the ratio of the amounts of energy radiated dependent uponthe angle to the base of the arrangement; in the case of reception they'give the root of the ratio of the received energy of the total arrangement dependent upon the angle of its base to the direction of the incoming field of electric waves.
  • the maximum directional action is at right" angles to their connecting line.
  • f v i The invention gains a'general practical importance particularly by the additional fact that the maximum directional vector according to the invention is made ,rotatable- This means may be applied accordingto the invention; not only in cases of the before describedjkind but also for all kinds of antennae arrangements in which thean-tennae are placed at a definite distance from one another and a directional effect istobeproduced by means of time or phase displacement of the waves and impulses in the antennae.
  • the relation-of the vector of .maximum, emission or reception is attained by an arrangement whichlpermits for the different antennae pointssuch mutual time displacements of the oscillation phenomenon to take place as are necessary inorder to bring the main directional action into thedesired angle to the base.
  • a suitable-means for carrying out this feature of theinvention consists in the use'of time lag circuits, for instance in-the form of electric filter chain s, whose, adjust ment as regards their individual links is given on the one hand by the highest employed frequency of. electric .oscillations and on the other hand by the desired sharpness of graduation of the circularheld to be acted upon,
  • VVlnlst with the use of time lag circuits the correct phase relation inthe antennae is'eftennae. This can be achieved in a great many different wa s, for example, by relativeshifting of the stator of the'main frequency machine, by arrangement of rotating fields with stationarywindings in which coils are rotatable or by the connecting-in of-self-induction coils, condensers and resistances or a combination of the same. 1
  • a practical application of the invention arises, for example, when it isn matter of saving as much energy as possible, for example, when the international wireless trafiic and communication is to be established forthe timebeing only with onest-ation in a perfeet-1y definite known direction with as little cost as possible and excluding as far as possible interferences with other stations (transmission) or by other stations (reception).
  • the screen consists of a conducting wall comprising per-- pendicular suspended conductors preferably. connected to; the earth, the thickness of the screen arrangement amounting to about one wave-length (at least one half wave-length) 40 the four posts 25.28. The carrying into efof the oscillations used.
  • the conducting wall contains a number of lines ofconductors -24) displaced from one another some metres, The individual conductors preferably are so arranged, asshown in Fig. 10,
  • V 7 feet of the invention Thewhol'e system of conductors is held by V 7 feet of the invention is not at all questionable J for fear of too large dimensions of such an arrangement because nowadays preferably also for large distances use is made of short wave-lengths. 7 f
  • the described screen arrangement acts substantially as a reflector. It may also be built 7 upof conductors consisting of tuned electrical circuits arranged as is shown in'Figs. 9 and 10. These tuned circuits haverto be damped substantially by radiation for thelpurpose of ire-emitting a substantial part of theimping- ,ing energy and of absorbingonly a small part.
  • the lines of conductors in this case preferably are positioned from one another. at a distance amounting to about onewave-length (at least one half'wave-length) of the electrical wave used.
  • V V r V screen ar-v rangements of the described kind (Figs. 9-11) act not only'as reflectors but that they ab-' sorb also a portion of thefimpinging energy; this effect is not'at all adisadvantage because it is also of importance to dispense of radio.
  • Fig. 12 for instance-shows twoanten'nae arrangements A and B parallel to one another and adapted'to be cut in at will and separated from one another by a conducting-wall C.
  • Each antennae arrangement comprises five antennae 15-19 respectively 15'19'.
  • Fig. 13 an example of the invention is shown in which a main antennae arrangement D is positioned between twoscreen arrangements E and F (see also Fig. 6). In this case the screen'arrangementshave to be cut in alternatively. V r
  • the additional advantage is obtained that the very objectionable interference efi'ects to beobservedtespecially in connection with shortwaves may be remark-- ably diminished by: the cooperation at one receivingpoint of difierent beams travelling over different paths.
  • the whole directionalantennae arrangement maybe built up as a rotatable unit (instead of turning the directional vector by means of time lag circuits). This case is especially I advantageous because in all directions use can be madeof the vector at'right angles to.
  • Vention is not limitedutoz the antenna arrangemore than" thpee antennae mounted zit-dis?- nee s'j'froni "'fne anetheneaehbfthe said dieappreg'zimately-equal tq'the value i ilw iehj hi h e @iffih w iv .eii pivy afrs-siiiallilig.
  • a refiecting screen built up of electricalconductors and arranged atone side of the said-antenna arrangement and in parallelto the row of main. antennae;
  • a main antenna arrangement comprising at least three antennae tuned to a given'frequency and positioned in'an approximately straight line and at equal distances from one another; of afreflecting screen built upof a plurality of antennae'tuned to the sameffrequency and arranged at one side'of the said antennajarrangement and in parallel tothe row of mam antennae; and an operators sta by rangement.
  • the combination with an antenna arrangement comprising i a multiplicity of antennae tuned to a' g ven frequency and 'posltioned man approximately 'stralght line and at equal distances from oneanoth'er of areflectin'g screen arranged at one sideof 5 the; antennaarrangement and built 1 up of a plurality of suspended conductorswith indu'ctance coilsin series arranged inmparallel to the row of main antennae, the said conductors with thesaid coils beingtuned to the same frequenoygand an operators station i connected to the said antenna arrangement.
  • an antenna arrangement for bilateral direction al emission and reception of waves; comprising at least three substantially. perpendicular antennae disposed inan approximately straightline. andbeing tuned to a given frequency; of airefiecting screen built up of a plurality of substantially "perpendicular conductors 'arranged'at one side of the said an-. tenna arrangement and substantially in parallel thereto the thickness of the said screen: being approximately equal to the wave-length a of the wavecorrespondin'g to the natural fre 'quency'oi' the antennae of the main antenna arrangement and at least one half ofthis wave-length; and ,of' an operators station connected to the said'antenna arrangement.
  • eachofthe individual antennae of this arrangement being substantially 'pera pendicular and tuned to a given frequency; of an operators station of a 1 compensating means nserted between themaln antenna ar- 7 rangemen t "and the operators station and consistingof a number oftime-lagcircuitsin dividuallyf coordinated to the, individual an- V tennae of the said main arrangement andbuilt up of sub-divisions ofa'switching device; for cutting in at will a'number of sub-divisions of each-time lag ciicuitvbetween the. operators station andthe corresponding antenna; and of an auxiliary antenna arrangement -po's i-.
  • each of the antennae of the auxiliary arrangement being "tuned to the same-nat'ural frequency as the leo fiantenneepf the main arrangementfand the e distance between the individual antennae of theauxiliary arrangement being substantially i equal to the Wave length of the said natural frequency of the antennae and at leastequal Y onehalf of this Wave-length.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US46589A 1924-08-04 1925-07-28 Arrangement for directional transmission and reception by means of electric waves Expired - Lifetime US1764441A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1764441X 1924-08-04

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US1764441A true US1764441A (en) 1930-06-17

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US (1) US1764441A (fr)
FR (1) FR612231A (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2524830A (en) * 1945-03-19 1950-10-10 Fed Telephone & Radio Corp Beacon antenna system
US2577804A (en) * 1945-03-02 1951-12-11 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Radio antenna
US2743441A (en) * 1952-03-01 1956-04-24 Hazeltine Research Inc Antenna system
FR2395621A1 (fr) * 1977-06-23 1979-01-19 Teschka Radioelektronika Systeme d'antennes de radiodiffusion
US20030109231A1 (en) * 2001-02-01 2003-06-12 Hurler Marcus Control device for adjusting a different slope angle, especially of a mobile radio antenna associated with a base station, and corresponding antenna and corresponding method for modifying the slope angle
US6850130B1 (en) 1999-08-17 2005-02-01 Kathrein-Werke Kg High-frequency phase shifter unit having pivotable tapping element

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2577804A (en) * 1945-03-02 1951-12-11 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Radio antenna
US2524830A (en) * 1945-03-19 1950-10-10 Fed Telephone & Radio Corp Beacon antenna system
US2743441A (en) * 1952-03-01 1956-04-24 Hazeltine Research Inc Antenna system
FR2395621A1 (fr) * 1977-06-23 1979-01-19 Teschka Radioelektronika Systeme d'antennes de radiodiffusion
US6850130B1 (en) 1999-08-17 2005-02-01 Kathrein-Werke Kg High-frequency phase shifter unit having pivotable tapping element
US20030109231A1 (en) * 2001-02-01 2003-06-12 Hurler Marcus Control device for adjusting a different slope angle, especially of a mobile radio antenna associated with a base station, and corresponding antenna and corresponding method for modifying the slope angle
US20050272470A1 (en) * 2001-02-01 2005-12-08 Kathrein Werke Kg Control apparatus for changing a downtilt angle for antennas, in particular for a mobile radio antenna for a base station, as well as an associated mobile radio antenna and a method for changing the downtilt angle
US7031751B2 (en) 2001-02-01 2006-04-18 Kathrein-Werke Kg Control device for adjusting a different slope angle, especially of a mobile radio antenna associated with a base station, and corresponding antenna and corresponding method for modifying the slope angle
US7366545B2 (en) 2001-02-01 2008-04-29 Kathrein Werke Kg Control apparatus for changing a downtilt angle for antennas, in particular for a mobile radio antenna for a base station, as well as an associated mobile radio antenna and a method for changing the downtilt angle

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Publication number Publication date
FR612231A (fr) 1926-10-19

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