US1782096A - Superheater boiler - Google Patents

Superheater boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
US1782096A
US1782096A US268908A US26890828A US1782096A US 1782096 A US1782096 A US 1782096A US 268908 A US268908 A US 268908A US 26890828 A US26890828 A US 26890828A US 1782096 A US1782096 A US 1782096A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
elements
wall
tubes
superheater
furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US268908A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr Walter F Keenan
Harold F Eddy
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Foster Wheeler Inc
Original Assignee
Foster Wheeler Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Foster Wheeler Inc filed Critical Foster Wheeler Inc
Priority to US268908A priority Critical patent/US1782096A/en
Priority to GB17575/28A priority patent/GB309439A/en
Priority to FR656144D priority patent/FR656144A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1782096A publication Critical patent/US1782096A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/20—Supporting arrangements, e.g. for securing water-tube sets
    • F22B37/201—Suspension and securing arrangements for walls built-up from tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
    • F22G1/06—Steam superheating characterised by heating method with heat supply predominantly by radiation

Definitions

  • the general object of our present invention is to provide a superheater boiler with improved means for utilizing radiant heat
  • the form most important and successful from thecommercial standpoint is characterized by the fact that the walls of 2 0 the superheater conduit elements are thick, the wall thickness being several times that ofasteeltubestrongenough to resist the bursting tendency of the internal. steam pressure.
  • these thick walled radiant heat superheater elements are arranged side by side so as to form a practically continuous and smooth wall furnace exposed to the combustion chamber. ⁇ Such elements need to be anchored' at their-backsto a substantial reinforcing frame to prevent objectionable distortion of the conduit elements by the expansion and contraction stresses to which .they
  • the second type of radiant heat superheater which has had some successful commerical application, is one consisting of tubular vertical elements placed in back of a screen formed byl water cooled tube elements which are spaced apart so that the superheater elements are exposed to radiation from the combustion chamber only through comparatively narrow spaces between water cooled tubes in front of the superheater elements.
  • the superheater elements are thin walled round tubes.
  • the last mentioned type of superheater is o pen to the disadvantage, however, thatits capacity is inherently low because of the relatively small surface area of each superheater element effectively exposed to radiant heat from t-he combustion chamber.
  • the effective capacity of such a superheater is reduced; moreover, by the fact that the superheater elements radiate heat to, and are cooled by the screening water tubes.
  • the s acing of the screening waterl tubesand of t e superheater tube' elements is prescribed lwithin.
  • the water tubes must be spaced far enough apart to permit a substantial penetration of radiant heat to the superheater tubes, and must not be spaced far enough apart to seriously impair the water screen protective effect which is a characteristic of this type of superheater.
  • the spacing of the water tube elements and of the superheater elements is necessarily inter-related, and unless the superheater elements, in a superheater of this type are spaced fairly closely, it is impossible to secure a superheater capacity which is adequate from the commercial standpoint.
  • superheater elements which are preferably round thin walled tubes, and which are Widely spaced away from one another, and from the furnace wall in front ofwhich they are disposed, so that while more i heat is necessarily absorbed at the combustion chamber side of each tube than at its oppositeside, the absorption at the rear is high enough to reduce internal stresses due to unequal absorption to an amount which is unob'ectionable in the case of such thin walled tu es.
  • the relatively wide spacing of the tubes permits a substantial heat absorption by the rear sides of the latter, and permits of a greater amount of heat absorption by an element of given steam flow capacity than is possible with either of the two prior types of radiant heat superheaters mentioned above.
  • the increased capacity per element is especially marked, o course, as com ared with the rior type of superheater emp oying thin wa ed tube elements.
  • our in'- vention eliminates, or greatly minimizes, the troubles due to furnace dust and ash accumulations experienced with the last mentioned pior type of superheater, since the distances tween adjacent tubes, and between the tubes and furnace wall back of the tubes, are too great to permit of any bridging across of slag or ash deposits from tube to tubefor from tubes to wall. Furthermore, the invention permits of ample room for suitable cleaning provisions, and the cleaning operation is relatively simple and easy, since all, or the major portion of the work to be done on the superheater consists merely in the removal of deposits on the thin walled elements themselves.
  • Such deposits are of relatively minor importance because the smooth circular surfaces of the suprheater elements gives minimum opportunity for the adherence of slag or furnace dust to the metal, particularly when the tubes are vertically disposed as is ordinarily desirable. Furthermore, the slight movements lof the elements due to expansion and contraction when heating and cooling', combine to produce an intermittent crac'liing action on any slag that may have deposited on the superheater elements. rllhe effect of said cracking action obviousl tends to increase with the thickness of the eposit. When the tubes are vertically disposed, slag loosened by the cracking action described, falls clear of, and away from the superheater elements.
  • those tubes When it is desired to obtain amaximum superheating capacity with superheater tubes .arranged in accordance with the present invention, those tubes will ordinarily form the only cooling screen immediately associated with the furnace wall in front of which they are disposed. llnsome cases, however, li may advantageously combine such tubes with a water cooled lining for the furnace wall back of the tubes, or with a superheater lining for that wall formed by superheater elements of either of the prior types described above, where a greater furnace wall cooling eect, or an additional superheating eiect, or both, are considered necessary or desirable.
  • rlhe use of a water cooled wall lining back of superheater tubes arranged in accordance with the present invention provides the additional advantage of protecting the tubes in vstarting a boiler into operation, or in other conditions of operation in which the superheater tubes are not protected against overheating by'an adequate flow of steam through the latter.
  • the use of such a water cooled furnace wall lining is advantageous, also, because of the lower temperature of the water cooled walls which of itself practically eliminates any tendency to slag or ash to deposit on the -hning to any signicant amount.
  • the tube elements are preferably supported at their ends only, and the end portions of each element are ordinarily bent at right angles to the length of the body portion o the 'element and project through the furnace wall for connection to external headers.
  • the latter may well be anchored to the furnace wall at one or more intermediate points in the length of each element. Such intermediate anchorage with long tubes is not intended or relied upon to prevent such movements, in response to temperature changes, as occur with the shorter elements which are not anchored except at their ends.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a portion l of a boiler furnace in which a preferred form vof the present invention is incorporated;
  • Fig. 2 is a front combustion'chamber side view of the apparatus shown in Fig. l; v
  • Figs. 3 'and 4 are views taken similarly to Figs. 1 and .2, respectively, illustrating a modified construction
  • Fig. 5- is a partial section on the line 5-5 lof Fig. 4;
  • Figs. lGrand 7 are views taken similarly to Figs. 1 and 2, respectively, illustrating a third modification
  • Fig. 8 is a somewhat diagrammatiorepresentation of the external headers employed vin the construction shown in Figs. 6 and 7;
  • Figs. 9, 10 and 11 are views each taken similarly to Fig. 1, and illustrating adiiferent arrangement of means for anchoring a tube element at points intermediate its ends;
  • Figs. 12 yand 13 are plan and elevation views respectively of a further modification (ill having intermediate anchoring means.
  • each tube element B represents a combmstion chamber wall in which is mounted a'fradiant heat superheater embodying a preferred form of the present invention, and comprising superheater elements in the form of round thin walled tubes B.
  • the body portions of the tubes B are parallel to, and are spaced away from the f inner surface of the furnace wall A.
  • the end portions of each tube element extend transversely to the length of the body ortion through openings A and A2 in the urnace wall, and are connected to external' headers C and D.
  • each'element end portion passes longitudinally through the central portion of the corresponding opening A or A2.
  • the inner end of each opening A and A2, adjacent the combustion chamber, is partially j filled by refractory bricks E.
  • the weight of each element B is mainly supported by means of a metallic' block or chair F anchored at the bottom of the corresponding passage A. Gas leakage through the pas-v, 1
  • sages A and A2 may bey prevented in any usual or suitable manner, for example, by
  • the wall A when the wall A is of refractory material, as inthe construction shown in Figs. 1 and ⁇ 2, the wall absorbs radiant heat from all portions of the combustion chamber and re-radiates heat to the adjacent sides of the tubes B.
  • the tubes B owing to the ⁇ fact that they are separated from one another by an appreciable distance, each receives'radiant heat from the main portion ofthe com-l bustion chamber through a circumferential arc portion of its surface ofappreciably lmore than 180 F.
  • furnace dust and ashes depositing on the tubes and between the tubes all suitable openings K in the combustion cham-.s
  • superheater tubes B of the character shown in Figs. 1 and 2 may advantageously be combined, as shown in Figs. 3, 4
  • the tubes G comprise body (portions longer than the tubes B and exten ng above and below the transverse end portions of the latter, and vthemselves having transverse end portions extending through the furnace wall ⁇ A into engagement withupper and lower headers G and G2, respectively.
  • the header' G is seated upon a furnace wall bracket A10 through which the superheater header C is suspended by connections C.
  • the header G2 is shown as suspended from the header D by a connection G3 and strap D2 encircling the header D, the latter being suspended through said strap D2 and a suspension' member D from a Wall vcarried bracket A11.
  • the suspension'member D acts on the bracket A11 through a compression spring D3, thus permitting some movement of approach and separation of the headers D and G2 relative to the headers C and G', respectively, as the tubes B and G contract and elongate with changes in temperature, thereby reducing the bending stresses impressed on the transverse end connections of the tubes B and G.
  • the tubes G are thin walled water tubes of an external diameter slightly less than the distance between the adjacent tubes B, and the body portion of each tube G is seated in a metallic wall lining portion formed by sectional saddle blocks H. The latter are interposed between the tubesand refractory material A8 arranged between the saddle blocks H and an outer wall casing A.
  • the saddle blocks H engagf ing each tube G are welded to the latter.
  • the saddle blocks for adjacent tubes G meet edge to edge and battens L close the joints between the adjacent saddle blocks and thereby prevent the maf the tubes B is less than with the construction v shown in Figs. l and 2, there is nevertheless, an appreciable absorption ofheatat the sides of the tubes B adjacent the furnace wall.
  • a wall liningformed by superheater elements such as the elements I of the construction shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8, may be employed, especially where additional superheating beyond -'that furnished by the tubes B is desirable.
  • the superheater elements I are of the standard heavy Wall type, each element being rectangular in cross section and bein at its ends to headers J and JA t rough relatively iexible transverse I. As shown, theelements are horizontally disposed and the headers J and JA are correspondingly vertical.
  • Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are especia sirable where a relatively high superheating elfect is desired and to this end the super.- heater elements I and B may be connected for lsteam flow therethrough in series.
  • an inlet J to the header J constitutes the steam inlet to the compound su erheater.; From the header J the steam flows '1n parallel 4through the diferent elements I to the opposite header JA. From thence it flows through dividedoutlet pipes J 2 to-inlets D', opening to the header DA atone side of a partition D3 which separates the latter into two steam chambers.
  • the elements BB may have lugs B5 welded thereto at their rear sides to which are attached bolts L extending outward through the adjacent furnace Wall and suitably counected to external framework shown as comprising channel bars M.
  • the masonry furnace wall AB is shown as corbelletl out to provide seats A12, for the body portion of the elements BB at each side of each lug B5.
  • said body portions may be bent.
  • the elements l may be bent tubes BC, shaped to provide two shown in Fig. 10, the tubes BCmay or may not be supported intermediate their ends, as by connecting the overlapping portions of 85 adjacent tubes, or by means of anchor coniections LA analogous to those employed in Another example of a construction employing long tubes is shown in Fig. 11.
  • the tube elements BD have their body portions bowed to provide a central portion which approaches the furnace wall A, andmay or may not be anchored tol the latter by tie bolts L as conditions require or 'make desirable'.
  • Figs. 12 and 13 a further modification is shown vin which vertically spaced'pairs of bare tube elements BE are extended horizontally in front of the furnace wall AC.
  • the elements are of great length and in one installation were made approximately twent three feet long.
  • Each element is preferab divided into two sections, the opposite endys of which are connected to the headers C and D and the adjacent ends of which pass through the masonry wall AC.
  • the adjacent tube ends are connected by a flanged return bend BE externally of the furnace wall.
  • the middle portion BE2 of each section is mounted in a metallic wall box W, which ex tends through the masonry section of the wall AC.
  • the looped ortions BE2 are anchored in position by .bolts W secured to angle beams W2.
  • the spaces between and around the legs of the loops BE2 are filled with plastic fire-brick Y and refractory cement Y.
  • the outer side of the furnace wall is covered by refractory cement AC? which can be easily removed to make the loop anchoringmeans accessible fromthe outside.
  • the adjacent ends of the ⁇ tube sections pass through a wall box W andare h ld by U-bolts W', the space between the l gsV being filled with removable .refractory material.
  • said elements being spaced apart from one another and from said wall to avoid slag bridging action between said elements and between the latter and said wall, and to permit of ⁇ substantial radiant heat absorption from gases between said elements, and between said elements and said wall as we ⁇ ll as from the latter, said elements having outturned end portions projecting through said walls and external headers to which said end portions are connected.
  • soot blowers mounted in said openings and arranged to supply a cleaning Huid under pressure to thespace ,between said row of tube elements and said lirst mentioned wal Signed' at New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 31st day of March, A. D. 1928.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
US268908A 1928-04-10 1928-04-10 Superheater boiler Expired - Lifetime US1782096A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US268908A US1782096A (en) 1928-04-10 1928-04-10 Superheater boiler
GB17575/28A GB309439A (en) 1928-04-10 1928-06-18 Improvements in or relating to steam generator furnaces
FR656144D FR656144A (fr) 1928-04-10 1928-06-20 Chaudière à surchauffeur de vapeur chauffé par rayonnement

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US268908A US1782096A (en) 1928-04-10 1928-04-10 Superheater boiler

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US1782096A true US1782096A (en) 1930-11-18

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US268908A Expired - Lifetime US1782096A (en) 1928-04-10 1928-04-10 Superheater boiler

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US (1) US1782096A (fr)
FR (1) FR656144A (fr)
GB (1) GB309439A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2821175A (en) * 1953-03-10 1958-01-28 Babcock & Wilcox Co Radiant vapor generator with radiant superheater in furnace wall quiescent zones
US2834326A (en) * 1952-08-26 1958-05-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor generating and superheating unit, and method effected thereby
US20100077968A1 (en) * 2008-09-26 2010-04-01 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Oxy/fuel combustion system having combined convective section and radiant section

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE925294C (de) * 1950-05-10 1955-03-17 Andre Huet Wasserrohr, insbesondere fuer Strahlungskessel
FR2523283A1 (fr) * 1982-03-15 1983-09-16 G Sojuzny I Dispositif de refroidissement des parois d'un four notamment d'un four metallurgique a cuve

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2834326A (en) * 1952-08-26 1958-05-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor generating and superheating unit, and method effected thereby
US2821175A (en) * 1953-03-10 1958-01-28 Babcock & Wilcox Co Radiant vapor generator with radiant superheater in furnace wall quiescent zones
US20100077968A1 (en) * 2008-09-26 2010-04-01 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Oxy/fuel combustion system having combined convective section and radiant section

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB309439A (en) 1929-09-18
FR656144A (fr) 1929-04-27

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