US1789257A - Case-hardening metal - Google Patents

Case-hardening metal Download PDF

Info

Publication number: US1789257A
Authority: US; United States
Prior art keywords: bath; case; cyanamide; hardening; cyanide
Prior art date: 1927-06-22
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired - Lifetime

Application number

US200762A

Other languages

English (en)

Inventor

Porter W Shimer

Edward B Shimer

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Wyeth Holdings LLC

Original Assignee

American Cyanamid Co

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1927-06-22

Filing date

1927-06-22

Publication date

1931-01-13

1927-06-22 Application filed by American Cyanamid Co filed Critical American Cyanamid Co

1927-06-22 Priority to US200762A priority Critical patent/US1789257A/en

1928-06-13 Priority to FR655697D priority patent/FR655697A/fr

1928-06-18 Priority to CH138654D priority patent/CH138654A/fr

1931-01-13 Application granted granted Critical

1931-01-13 Publication of US1789257A publication Critical patent/US1789257A/en

1948-01-13 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 6
239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 6
235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 20
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
MVXMNHYVCLMLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxynaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC)=CC=C(C=O)C2=C1 MVXMNHYVCLMLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 13
238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 12
XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 6
239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
PAXURFAHLMVXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-O [C-]#N.[NH3+]C#N Chemical compound [C-]#N.[NH3+]C#N PAXURFAHLMVXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 3
230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 3
IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
CWVZGJORVTZXFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [benzyl(dimethyl)silyl]methyl carbamate Chemical compound NC(=O)OC[Si](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CWVZGJORVTZXFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
XDOQMROXMLWOHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ba].NC#N Chemical compound [Ba].NC#N XDOQMROXMLWOHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
239000012042 active reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
RPFLLVICGMTMIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;sodium;dichloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] RPFLLVICGMTMIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
238000007883 cyanide addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
230000007420 reactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
- C23C8/44—Carburising
- C23C8/46—Carburising of ferrous surfaces

Definitions

This invention relates to the case-harden- 7 ing of metals, such as articles of iron and steel for example, and has particular reference to those operations in which the casehardening of the articles is effected by their immersion for a suitable period of time in a liqilld bath of fused salts.
the use of calcium cyanamide is particularly advantageous inasmuch as it is not poisonous,
Patents Nos. 1,518,607 and 1,532,663 issued December 9, 1924, and April 7, 1925, respectively, to Porter W. Shimer, one of the present applicants, there are described several methods of reactivating such deteriorated baths of fused salts. These methods consist in adding to the bath a-reducing agent such as aluminum, or other active reagent such as sodium cyanide, both of which procure noticeable activity in the bath followed by the separation of dross, which may be removed from the bath by means of a perforated ladle. The removal of impurities in this manner fully restores the case-hardening properties of the bath, which remains so for aconsiderable length of time before the renewing process must be repeated.
a-reducing agent such as aluminum, or other active reagent such as sodium cyanide
cyanamide cyanide which may be called cyanamide cyanide.
cyanides are regularly and periodically added in minute proportions, such as 4% of weight of bath, or ounce to a 15 pound bath, which may be formed by fusing dry sodium chloride and dry calcium chloride in proper proportions. While we have obtained good case-hardening results with .the addition of as little as f; of one percent of the weight of the melt, we do not wish to limit our to this small amount, and contemplate. when desirable, to use additions up to 1% of the weight of the melt.
the cyanamide cyanides may be formed by fusing calcium cyanamide, barium cyanamide. or any cyanamide of the alkaline earth metals, with suitable salts. mentioned, a convenient cyanamide cyanide may be formed by fusing calcium cyanamide and sodium chloride together. If a bath such as dry calcium chloride and dry As previously sodium chloride, fused together, is used, calcium cyanide is largely formed when dry calcium cyanamide is added to such a bath. The cyanide formed in the molten calcium chloride-sodium chloride bath by the addition of calcium cyanamide is, no doubt, a calcium cyanide, for, years ago, wefound that a fused bath of calcium chloride alone, in which calcium cyanamide is immersed, acquires.
case-hardening roperties Furthermore, finely granulated, anhydrous calcium cyanamide alone submerged in a bath of fused salts, in regular and periodic proportions closely approximating the procedure when using cyanides, also gives good casehardening results, without the use of the usual submerged quantity of lump cyanamide.
this granulated cyanamide may be added on top of the bath, which has the additional advantage of protecting the case-hardening elements of the bath from oxidation by the air; but it is preferred that this granular cyanamide be introduced beneath the surface of the bath by means of a perforated container.
casehardening metals procures many advantages able salts to which is imparted case-hardening properties by these small but re lar pound the activity of which is extended and additions of (IN-containing compoun s, or, the bath may contain a case-hardening com increased by these small but regular additions of CN containing compounds.

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Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Materials Engineering (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Metallurgy (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

US200762A 1927-06-22 1927-06-22 Case-hardening metal Expired - Lifetime US1789257A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
US200762A US1789257A (en)	1927-06-22	1927-06-22	Case-hardening metal
FR655697D FR655697A (fr)	1927-06-22	1928-06-13	Perfectionnements à la cémentation des métaux
CH138654D CH138654A (fr)	1927-06-22	1928-06-18	Procédé de durcissement en surface de métaux.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
US200762A US1789257A (en)	1927-06-22	1927-06-22	Case-hardening metal

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
US1789257A true US1789257A (en)	1931-01-13

Family

ID=22743076

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
US200762A Expired - Lifetime US1789257A (en)	1927-06-22	1927-06-22	Case-hardening metal

Country Status (3)

Country	Link
US (1)	US1789257A (fr)
CH (1)	CH138654A (fr)
FR (1)	FR655697A (fr)

1927
- 1927-06-22 US US200762A patent/US1789257A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1928
- 1928-06-13 FR FR655697D patent/FR655697A/fr not_active Expired
- 1928-06-18 CH CH138654D patent/CH138654A/fr unknown

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
FR655697A (fr)	1929-04-22
CH138654A (fr)	1930-03-15

Publication	Publication Date	Title
US2745800A (en)	1956-05-15	Electroplating with iron
US2364292A (en)	1944-12-05	Casehardening
US1789259A (en)	1931-01-13	Case hardening method
US1772866A (en)	1930-08-12	Treatment of iron and steel
US2204148A (en)	1940-06-11	Method of treating sulphur bearing coals
US1869496A (en)	1932-08-02	Art of treating metals
US4591397A (en)	1986-05-27	Non-cyanide salt bath and process for carburization of ferrous metals and alloys
US1789258A (en)	1931-01-13	Case-hardening metal
CA1058064A (fr)	1979-07-10	Procede de nitruration du fer et de l'acier dans les bains de sels
US2874038A (en)	1959-02-17	Method of treating molten metals
US4536224A (en)	1985-08-20	Salt bath for the currentless production of wear resistant boride layers
US1488311A (en)	1924-03-25	Method of purifying silicon-carbide crystals
US2847374A (en)	1958-08-12	Metal processing
US2897093A (en)	1959-07-28	Process of siliconizing
SU805954A3 (ru)	1981-02-15	Способ регенерации карбонатсодержащихСОлЕВыХ РАСплАВОВ дл НиТРиРОВАНи и/или НАуглЕРОжиВАНи МЕТАлличЕСКиХиздЕлий
US2793147A (en)	1957-05-21	Salt bath for heat treating carbon alloyed steel
US2711981A (en)	1955-06-28	Salt bath for heat treating steel
US2007136A (en)	1935-07-02	Process for carburizing and hardening
US2620310A (en)	1952-12-02	Hardening bath
US3317357A (en)	1967-05-02	Molten salt baths for nitriding steel and cast iron
US2264431A (en)	1941-12-02	Hardening of steel articles
JPS6021222B2 (ja)	1985-05-25	高合金鋼に対する塩浴窒化処理方法
US2188063A (en)	1940-01-23	Case hardening composition
US1957973A (en)	1934-05-08	Method of case hardening
US1920465A (en)	1933-08-01	Refining ferrous metals