US1794190A - Musical instrument - Google Patents

Musical instrument Download PDF

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Publication number
US1794190A
US1794190A US391583A US39158329A US1794190A US 1794190 A US1794190 A US 1794190A US 391583 A US391583 A US 391583A US 39158329 A US39158329 A US 39158329A US 1794190 A US1794190 A US 1794190A
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United States
Prior art keywords
octave
tones
drum
orifices
siren
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Expired - Lifetime
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US391583A
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English (en)
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Jr Abraham Dirk Loman
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Individual
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D7/00—General design of wind musical instruments

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel musical instrument.
  • the pitch of a tone depends on the frequency of vibrations producing said tone.
  • the difference in pitch of two tones depends on the proportion (not the arithmetical dili'erence) that the frequency of vibration producing one tone bears to that producing the other tone; and, as far as such proportion has a musical meaning, it is called the interval between the two tones.
  • the most usual scales are those of major and minor, every one of which comprises eight tones be tween which there are accordingly seven intervals. These intervals are not alike; there are five so-called major seconds and two socalled minor seconds.
  • the first named are also called whole tones, the latter being called halftones.
  • the octave is divided into 12 equal intervals which thu correspond nearly to the half-tones mentioned (2X 5 plus 2 12).
  • This tuning which is called equal temperament is adapted to organs, and piano-fortes.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the notes of an octave
  • Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a musical scale to which the features of the present invention are applied.
  • Fig. 3 is a central vertical section of one of the sirens employed in carrying out the invention.
  • a second drawback resides in the fact that in course of time, in a pianoforte, one or more of the strings may sink lower than the others, for instance, as a result of having been subjected to harder duty, and this causes the entire system of equal temperament to become unfit for service.
  • tuning of an organ can be very easily disturbed through temperature changes (warm or cold) or as a result of the hygrometrical condition of the air.
  • the height of pitch of a siren depends on two factors, namely, the number of revolutions per unit of time imparted to it, and the number of openings provided upo a peripheral circle (or a cover circle) of the siren, which corresponds with a like number of openings in a stationary wall; the product of these two numbers is equal to the amountof thrusts of air originated.
  • i-Therre'main'ing irrational values are also made to correspond to rational, values, nan 1'ely,fin respect of the number of revolutions of the various sir en slia'fts.
  • ithemain shaft of the musical instrument istlie "shaft of the fourthsiren'to which thenecessary velocity ,is imarted to cause it to'emit'the notes A and C.
  • the interval D 'sharpzA can be represented by liVV.
  • This irr 'o'nal ratio can be replaced byvthe rational i lction l ' ⁇ 0/99 which corresponds to the: decimal fraction 0.70'1071 "Sosiight a difference cannot be detected even by th'e inost"highly 'One must accordinglyobtain y; desired for the, lrst shaft by meshing with a toothed iv I teeth be-placedjupon themain shaft. It will be” explained herern'a fter' how this transmission and those followin can be rendered st ll easier.
  • ThOL hZ Td sweat This siren-emitsithe twc tones Band G sharp.
  • fBince there are halftones between "F ja'nd Afthe men-Wynn 7 can be represented by WV? 'lt ha's 'been Al iractioirf becomesequal to 0.793701 tional ratio canbe replaced; by. f /63 the decimal value 10 'vvhic'li 1 0,793651. .1
  • the fifth vsir 7n, 'lhis siren enii-ts 'jtones A sharp and sharp'. i-.A's thereis r half-tone between A sharp and A, the inter.-
  • the two i val A sharp A can be represented by VVzl. It has been calculated that this interval becomes equal to 1.059463
  • This irrational ratio can, in its turn, be replaced without giving rise to any trouble, by the fraction 196/185, the decimal value of which is 1.059 160.
  • the synth/z sirens-mus siren emits the two tones B and D.
  • the interval B:A can be represented by WV zl. It has been calculated that this interval becomes 1.12246
  • This irrational ratio can, without difliculty, be replaced by the fraction 59/49, the decimal value of which is 1.12245.
  • the ratios for the number of revolutions of the six shafts can be represented respectively by:
  • the teeth of the chain-wheels should, preferably, not number less than 12 and not more than 24; and, in the case of gear-wheels, no wheel should have less than 50 teeth or so; if they have a substantially greater number of teeth, some. of them become unlit for service owing to the considerable mass of those whee-ls.
  • chain-wheels are better than gear-wheels as their operation is more resil ient, on account of which it requires less power; therefore, it is advisable to use chainwheels whenever possible.
  • the sirens can be constructed in various ways.
  • a feature of an embodiment consists in a drum which is rotatably mounted inslde a stationary drum, these two drums fitting snugly one within the other and each having a pair of rows of openings containing respectively 37 and 44 orifices so placed as to permit coincidence of the like rows in both drums.
  • a is the stationary drum provided with two rows of openings designated by h and g and having respectively 37 and 44 orifices.
  • Another drum 7) fits inside the first one, and is capablr of rotation therein, this second drum Z) having rows containing the same number of openings placed at the same height.
  • the drum 1) is secured to a shaft 0 for rotation therewith.
  • These rings are provided with the same number of orifices as the rows they surround; it is therefore, possible, by shifting the rings, to open or close to any extent and simultaneously all of the orifices pertaining to either row.
  • Each ring is connected through an intermediate gearing with a key; the instrument can accordingly be played upon by means of a simple key-board.
  • musical instrument having a pluralityof octaves, the combination of six tone emitting members for each octave, each oi? V I said members comprising a stationary drum and a drum mounted for rotation Within said stationaryflrum, bo'thofsaicl drums having a pur of rows of openings contannng respectively thirty-seven and forty-four orifices,the

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
US391583A 1928-09-12 1929-09-10 Musical instrument Expired - Lifetime US1794190A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE681651X 1928-09-12

Publications (1)

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US1794190A true US1794190A (en) 1931-02-24

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US391583A Expired - Lifetime US1794190A (en) 1928-09-12 1929-09-10 Musical instrument

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US (1) US1794190A (fr)
CH (1) CH148793A (fr)
FR (1) FR681651A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2562545A (en) * 1949-06-09 1951-07-31 Ultrasonic Corp Agitating apparatus
US5874685A (en) * 1997-08-15 1999-02-23 Ellis; James F. Reduction of longitudinal modes in musical instruments strings

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2562545A (en) * 1949-06-09 1951-07-31 Ultrasonic Corp Agitating apparatus
US5874685A (en) * 1997-08-15 1999-02-23 Ellis; James F. Reduction of longitudinal modes in musical instruments strings

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR681651A (fr) 1930-05-17
CH148793A (fr) 1931-08-15

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