US1860282A - Equilibrated turret for machine guns on board aeroplanes - Google Patents

Equilibrated turret for machine guns on board aeroplanes Download PDF

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Publication number
US1860282A
US1860282A US530043A US53004331A US1860282A US 1860282 A US1860282 A US 1860282A US 530043 A US530043 A US 530043A US 53004331 A US53004331 A US 53004331A US 1860282 A US1860282 A US 1860282A
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United States
Prior art keywords
guns
turret
pivot
machine guns
equilibrated
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Expired - Lifetime
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US530043A
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English (en)
Inventor
Granat Elie
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Compagnie des Forges et Acieries de la Marine et dHomecourt
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A27/00—Gun mountings permitting traversing or elevating movement, e.g. gun carriages
    • F41A27/06—Mechanical systems
    • F41A27/18—Mechanical systems for gun turrets

Definitions

  • My invention relates to a turret carrying twin machine guns on board, aeroplanes.
  • the turret may rotate integrally for making a first approximate laying; this laying is then finished by moving the anachine guns over a special carriage which allows their rotation through a sufficient angle round three axes with a view to aiming as to azimuth and sight and to inclining the plane of the two machine 7 guns for firing along the frame.
  • This car'- riage supports the reactions due to the firing which dispenses the gunner with the setting of the gun to the shoulder.
  • the turret is covered by a dome of transparent material pro tecting the gunner against the wind while allowing him to see all round him; it is designed so as to automatically equilibrate the turret whatever theposition of the guns may be whereby the gunner may make it rotate easily without having to overcome any resistance caused by the wind.
  • Figs. 1, 2 and 3 are front, side and plan views of the whole turret.
  • Figs. 4, 5 and 6 show the positions of the gunner, of the support of the sight glass and of the small equilibrating fins for diflerent "tered round the vertical axis 97:. of the assembly through the rollers 5 rolling over a cylindrical part 6-of the support 1.
  • the stationary circular part 1 carries moreover an annular toothwork 52.
  • Fig. 8 On the platform is mounted the carriage 7 of the two twin machine guns; this carriage carries the pivot 8 allowing the laying in azimuth round the axis ab (Fig. 1).
  • This pivot is connected with the carriage 7 through the non-reversible braking clutch of the type disclosed in my French Patent No. 706,287. I have shown this clutch in detail in Fig. 8. It comprises a stationary spindle 101 integral with the support 7 and with reference to which the pivot 8 may be held, stationary in any desired angular position.
  • Two springs 104 and 105 wound in opposite di-' rection have their ends 106 and 107, 108 and 109 bent so as to be parallel to a meridian plane.
  • the inner diameter of the springs 104 and 105 is smaller than that of the spindle 101 round which they'are secured; consequently a predetermined initial pressure is exerted vby'these springs on the stationary spindle 101.4
  • a casing110 coaxial with the spindle 101 and rotating freely rounddt carries the pivot 8 to be held fast and is connected with the stationary spindle 101 through the agency of the springs 104 and- 105. To this purpose the ends 106 and 108 of these springs 104 and 105 are assembled without play with the-casing 110 while the other.
  • a collar 112 coaxial with the casing 110 and rotating freely over it may bear through its projections 114 and 115 against the inner side of the ends 107 and 109 of the springs while it leaves the outer sides thereof free.
  • the control handle 15 is radially secured to the collar 112; It will be noticed that the-collar 112 has no permanent connection with the springs 104 and 105 and consequently with the controlled pivot 8 and thus the handle 15 is submitted to no other force beyond those which are" exerted purposely on it and therefore the reactions of the gun carried by the ⁇ pivot 8 have no influence on it.
  • This support 8 carries in its turn a strap 9 allowing the laying as to sight round the axis 0 03 (Figs. 2 and 3) this strap is connected with the support 8 through a non-reversible clutch 11 of the same type as the precedent; it carries a shaft 12 t the ends of which are secured the machine guns 13 and 14.
  • the braking clutches 1011 are actuated through the handle 15.
  • the laying as to sight is moreover controlled by this handle through the agency of the pinions 161718 which are-moreover adapted to give both guns an angular displacement double that of the handle 15 and in the same direction It is apparent that the laying as to sight and azimuth, the latter inside the limits allowed by the arrangement of the carriage, are provided through the single handle 15; for the more considerable displacements as to pressure exerted by it on the stationary spinazimuth, the gunner makes the whole of the carriage and dome carried by the rotary plate 2 rotate over the race 1.
  • the shaft 12 may rotate round the axis 6 f of a crank pin carried by the strap 9 (Fig. 3) which allows a superelevation of one gun with reference to the other.
  • the shaft 12 is automatically 'bolted'on the crank pin ef. It is thus apparcut that the arrangement formed by the two twin machine guns may rotate round the three rectangular axes ab, cgl, ef and may consequently take all possible positions between certain limits.
  • the earriage receives'the reactions caused by the firing; the gunner does not need to press the gun against the shoulder; all his work is limited .to directing the machine guns on to the target which he does by acting on the handle 15 and if required on the turret while he brings the image of the target on the crossing of the hair-cross in a collimator or sightglass the manner of mounting which will be described hereinafter.
  • the dome 19 of the turret is of transparent material preferably an artificial mould able product mounted in a metal frame; it is possible moreover to provide a certain independence of the dome with reference to the plate 2 whereby the apertures throughwhichthe machine guns pass may be made narrower.
  • the turret is symmetrical with reference to a plane passing through its axis gh and through that of the carriage; under these conditions the effort of the wind is equilibrated when the turret fires along the axis of the aeroplane.
  • the shape of the dome is determined in a manner such that when the firing is made perpendicularly to the axis of the aeroplane the part Z an it of the dome (Fig. 1) disposed to one side of the axis g h is submitted by the wind to the same stresses as the half-dome n o p h and the part of the guns passing out of the latter; under-these conditions, the effort of the wind is equilibrated for the twoextreme positions of the turret firing parallel or perpendicular to the axis of the aeroplane) and experience shows that for the-intermediary positions the lack of equilibrium is small enough to be completely neglected.
  • the part of the guns passing out of the dome is more or less considerable and consequently offers the wind a more or less considerable surface.
  • the dome carries two small similar fins 21 and 23 similarly placed with reference to its plane of symmetry and projecting more or less out of the turret according to the angle of sight of the machine-guns. Itis thus possible to restore equilibrium, the increase of the effort of the wind on the guns projecting more out of the dome being compensated by a reduction of its efi'ort on the small fins which pass inside the dome by a suitable amount.
  • each of these small fins, fin 21 is controlled by a cam 23 carried by a mechanism 24, the elevational movement of "the guns being transmitted to' this mechanism through the pinions 25 and 26 contained in the casing 28 and by the yielding connection 29.
  • the movement of the cam is transmitted through the pinions 31 and 32 to the axis 33 carrying the fin 21.
  • Figs. 4, 5 and 6 show the position of the gunner aiming upwardly, horizontally and downwardly.
  • the collimator 34 is mounted on a support shown in detail in Fig. 7 this support comprises two arms 35 and 36 secured to a shaft 37 carrying a pinion 38.
  • the shaft 37 is supported by the arms 39 and 41 rigid with the axis 12 of the machine guns.
  • the pinion 38 meshes with a cylindrical rack 42 adapted to move in a frame 43.
  • the rack is integral with an arm 44 the end of which carries a pin 45 engaging a suitablyshaped groove 46 provided in a stationary plate 40 carried by the carriage 8.
  • the frame-43 is rigid-with the strap 9. r
  • An automatic firing corrector 50 records on one hand the inclination of the guns as to sight, which is transmitted to it through a yielding connection, on the other hand the azimuth angle of laying of the guns. This latter displacement is transmitted to it through a set of gears actuated by the supporting pivot and by the pinion-51 moving inside the stationary circular part 52. It transmits to the collimator through yielding connections, aninclination as to sight and azimuth such 'that the optic axis of aiming is parallel to the resultant of the component speeds of the aeroplane and bullet.
  • a machine gun system chiefly for use on aeroplanes comprising a circular rotary platform, a set of parallel machine guns, a carriage .therefor a pivot perpendicular to the platform, a non-reversible braked clutch connecting the pivot with the carriage, a second pivot normally parallel to the platform, a'second nonreversible braked clutch connecting the two pivots, and means wherethrough the guns are secured to the second pivot.
  • a sight glass In a system as claimed in claim 1 the combination of a sight glass, a support therefor, two connecting links pivotally carrying the support, a third pivot parallel to the second pivot and integral therewith for the free end of said links, a-cylindrical rack adapted to move round the second pivot, a plate seshaft considered as invariably bound to it cured to the second pivot and provided with a suitably shaped slot controlling the longitudinal position of the rack with reference to the second pivot, means whereby the rack controls the angular position of the connecting links round the third pivot and a gear work keeping the support of the sight glass parallel to its original position during the angular movement of theconnecting links.
  • a sight glass In a system as claimed in claim 1 the combination of a sight glass, a support therefor, two connectin links pivotallycarrying the support, a thir pivot parallel to the second pivot and integral therewith for the free end of said links, a cylindrical rack adapted to move round the secondpivot, a plate secured to the second pivot and provided with a suitably shaped slot controlling the longitudinal position of the rack witlrreference to the second pivot, means whereby the rack controls the angular position of the connecting links round the third pivot, a gear work keeping the support of the sight glass parallel to its origlnal position during the angular-movement of the connecting links, a fire corrector, means for transmitting thereto the azimuth and elevation of the guns and means whereby said corrector deflects the sight glass through an angle such that the. optic axis thereof is parallel to the resultant of the speeds of the aircraft and bullet.
  • a dome oftransparent material covering the platform symmetrical with reference to the vertical plane of symmetry of the set of guns and to a plane perpendicular thereto and provided with apertures for the passag? of the chase of the guns
  • a cam controlling the angular position of the pivoting fins and a gearwork controlled by the elevational movement of the guns and controlling the cam.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
US530043A 1930-05-03 1931-04-14 Equilibrated turret for machine guns on board aeroplanes Expired - Lifetime US1860282A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR694953T 1930-05-03

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US1860282A true US1860282A (en) 1932-05-24

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US (1) US1860282A (fr)
FR (1) FR694953A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2445852A (en) * 1941-04-12 1948-07-27 Glenn L Martin Co Gun turret

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2445852A (en) * 1941-04-12 1948-07-27 Glenn L Martin Co Gun turret

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR694953A (fr) 1930-12-10

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