US1967255A - Lubricant and process of making same - Google Patents

Lubricant and process of making same Download PDF

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Publication number
US1967255A
US1967255A US299883A US29988328A US1967255A US 1967255 A US1967255 A US 1967255A US 299883 A US299883 A US 299883A US 29988328 A US29988328 A US 29988328A US 1967255 A US1967255 A US 1967255A
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Prior art keywords
viscosity
oil
oils
lubricant
seconds
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US299883A
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William B D Penniman
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Priority to US299883A priority Critical patent/US1967255A/en
Priority to GB24945/29A priority patent/GB317406A/en
Priority to FR680717D priority patent/FR680717A/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/02—Natural products
    • C10M159/08—Fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/043—Sulfur; Selenenium; Tellurium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/08—Aldehydes; Ketones
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    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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    • C10M2207/128—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof
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    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
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    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
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    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
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    • C10M2215/08—Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
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    • C10M2215/08—Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
    • C10M2215/082—Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms] containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/14—Containing carbon-to-nitrogen double bounds, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones
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    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
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    • C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
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    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
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    • C10M2219/089—Overbased salts
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    • C10M2227/082—Pb compounds
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/135—Steam engines or turbines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to lubricants and to methods of making the same.
  • Petroleum oil and oils of related nature such as those obtained from shale and coal by distillation are the main supply of lubricants the world over. These oils vary a good deal among themselves but in general as the viscosity of the oil increases, the oiliness also increases. Consequently it has become the practice to specify the lubricant in 453 terms of its viscosity thereby more or less loosely fixing the oiliness property desired. But in using these mineral and related oils by themselves, it is necessary to use oils of relatively high viscosity, in order to obtain the required degree of oiliness.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is the use of lubricants of the lowest possible vis- 110 But in any event, in accordance with the present invention, the oil of lowest lower the viscosity, lubrication.
  • mineral oils also oxidize to a the vegetable and animal oils.
  • the most desirable form of the lubricant will be a compounded oil that possesses low viscosit high adhesiveness
  • the present invention is therefore broadly concerned with the use of lubricating oil stock whethmaterial tion 'of the
  • the low viscosity stock may be used ior lubri-' cation by itself in those cases where it is pumped about a hearing,
  • a desirable stock may be made as by distilling off about I5 percent of the lighter from kerosene oil and using the remainder in the still-as stoc for the preparafinished lubricant.
  • a product of requisite flrepoint and cold test with much lower viscosity than- 7 available today, and these products may in general be said to have a viscosity of less than 150 seconds atl00 F.
  • Similar products as to viscosity may be prepared from any of the other distillates of like boiling point, petroleum, coal tar or shale oil.
  • the viscosity of a hydrocarbon stock should not be so lowthat flash point of below about 225 these factors are variable depending on the use to which thelubricant is-to be put.
  • Such products as those 'indica d above are particularly desirably used in connection with and in the case of the product I11 above, in view of the further fact those commercially that this material a substantially uniform viscosity over the usual workinz scale, it is all the more desirable.
  • the proposed low viscosity material discussed above emphasizes the use in accordance with the present invention of material. Take for example meme five oils of the Thompson tabulation. These oils if used in'the prior art are limited for lubrication purposes to use on textile spindles where the loadis almost zero and the speed is rather high. 'They have not been used in lubricating heavy mathe lowest possible viscosity chinery However when compounded in acfrom prior art and particularly the higher fatty acids may be used. Further, the higher the fatt acid, the better its effect. Also, the presence of the hydroxyl group in the molecule with the carboxyl group yields a better lubricant. As an example, attention may be called castor oil.
  • polar bodies are not limited to the fatty acids, and non-fatty acid polar bodies or compounds or materials may be used.
  • the higher alcohols and ketones are advantageous and work almost as well as the fatty acids; sulphides and some of the metallic salts are also eflicient though in general due to the ready availability of the fatty acids and their cheapness, they are more generally used.
  • theme of fatty acids may be objectionable due to the eiifect on the metal of the hearing or journal. Accordingly the 'erations in mind.
  • the higher alcohols and ketones may be readily obtained from the oxidation products obtained 'during the air blowing of petroleum and related materials particularly under pressure and at elevated temperatures, or from the residues remaining in' the still during such air blowing processes.
  • the sulphides may be prepared by direct treatment of petroleum oil with sulphur, the products being somewhat complex, but the polar bodies appear and their effect is available.
  • the mushfllayers may be obtainable with various substances. The best effect is obtained with a material that is soluble in the polar body and quite, or totally insoluble in the petroleum oil, so that when a portion of the fatty acid or other polar body adheres to the metal surface to form the primary layer, a very considerable quantity of the mush substance will be withdrawn and a thicker and more coherent mush layer will be brought up. Saponiflable oils or fats that contain some fatty acid to act as the polar body serve in this connection.
  • the polar fatty acid will be withdrawn and will act to take up but a comparatively small quantity of the mush ingredient, namely the neutral glycerides or fats, and a comparatively thin and soft coating results.
  • the presence of comparatively large quantities of substances more attracted to the polar body will assist in building up a better mush layer.
  • a good example is castor oil dissolved in oleic acid, the castor oil being substantially insoluble in petroleum oil stock used. Two parts of castor oil to one part of oleic acid may be used.
  • the oleic acid acting as the polar body carries down with it large quantities of the castor .oil and the mush layer consists largely of oleic acid and castor oil.
  • This artificial or synthetic composition builds up a better layer than does an ordinary animal oil consisting of a mixture of some free chemical attraction orresidual chemical forces,
  • Soaps which form an emulsion with the petroleum stock or which are soluble in the petroleum stock can also be used.
  • soaps with petroleum stock particularly the soda and lime soaps that are present as colloids.
  • the soaps that go into solution include lead oleate, copper oleate, and the oleates of the heavy metals generally, the alkalies and alkaline earth acid is preferable tolard oil, and castor oil when in solution as illustrated above is superior to either lard oil or tallow oil.
  • the body added to improve the ,mushiness characteristic may at'the same time possess a polar property so that in this way two purpose, the following is given.
  • beta-betadinaphthylamine one part of beta-betadinaphthylamine is added to the oil; while if the oil is to be used at norgood results in practice.
  • the amount of the anti-oxidant is varied according to the time at which the lubricant is to be used and the conditions as to oxidation.
  • a lubricating oil for heavy machinery containing a hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity considerably lower than that normally used for such purposes and within the range of 35 seconds to 65 seconds (Saybolt) at 100 F., and from 2 to 10% of an organic component increasing the oiliness and adhesiveness of i the composition without substantial increase oiwiscosity.
  • a lubricating oil for heavy machinery consisting of a hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity considerably lower than such purposes and within the range of 35 seconds to 65 seconds (Saybolt) at 100 F., and from 2 to 10% of a substance having high adhesive properties containing a large proportion 01' saponiflable material which does not substantially increase the viscosity of the composition.
  • a lubricating oil for heavy machinery containing a hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity considerably lower than that normally used for such purposes and within the range of-35 seconds to 135. seconds (Saybolt) at 100 F., and from 2 to 10% of an organic component increasing the oiliness and adhesiveness of the composition without substantial increase of viscosity.
  • a lubricating oil for heavy machinery containing a hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity considerably lower than that normally used for such purposes and. within the range of 35 seconds to 135 seconds (Saybolt) at 100 F., and from 2 to 10% of an organic component containing a saponiflable glyceride oil and higher fatty acids increasing the oiliness and adhesiveness or the composition, without substantial increase of viscosity.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
US299883A 1928-08-15 1928-08-15 Lubricant and process of making same Expired - Lifetime US1967255A (en)

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US299883A US1967255A (en) 1928-08-15 1928-08-15 Lubricant and process of making same
GB24945/29A GB317406A (en) 1928-08-15 1929-08-15 Improvements in or relating to lubricants and methods of making same
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2744872A (en) * 1953-06-23 1956-05-08 Texas Co Gear lubricant comprising a wide mineral oil blend and an oxidized paraffinic residuum
US3007872A (en) * 1957-12-05 1961-11-07 Shell Oil Co Mineral lubricating oil compositions
US5877131A (en) * 1997-08-25 1999-03-02 Nch Corporation Translucent lubricant

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2744872A (en) * 1953-06-23 1956-05-08 Texas Co Gear lubricant comprising a wide mineral oil blend and an oxidized paraffinic residuum
US3007872A (en) * 1957-12-05 1961-11-07 Shell Oil Co Mineral lubricating oil compositions
US5877131A (en) * 1997-08-25 1999-03-02 Nch Corporation Translucent lubricant

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FR680717A (fr) 1930-05-05
GB317406A (en) 1931-02-16

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