US1974393A - Manufacture of artificial sponges - Google Patents

Manufacture of artificial sponges Download PDF

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Publication number
US1974393A
US1974393A US649114A US64911432A US1974393A US 1974393 A US1974393 A US 1974393A US 649114 A US649114 A US 649114A US 64911432 A US64911432 A US 64911432A US 1974393 A US1974393 A US 1974393A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
viscose
sponge
regeneration
action
pore
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US649114A
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English (en)
Inventor
Mostny Hans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IG Farbenindustrie AG
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IG Farbenindustrie AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1974393A publication Critical patent/US1974393A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives

Definitions

  • My present invention relates to the manufacture of artificial sponges and more particularly to the manufacture of such sponges from viscose.
  • One of its objects is to provide an improved process for the manufacture of artificial sponges from viscose. Further objects will be seen from the detailed specification following hereafter.
  • the regeneration of the cellulose by the application of steam has also been effected by causing the steam to act upon a mixture of viscose and an easily fusible or water soluble substance under 20 pressure.
  • artificial sponges are manufactured from a molded mixture of viscose and suitable pore-forming fillers by regenerating the cellulose from the viscose in a liquid regeneration bath under pressure.
  • the pressure forces the preferably hot regenerating liquid into the molded mass with the advantage that the latter may be of a considerably larger size than the masses hitherto converted into sponge, without imperiling the homogeneity of the sponge obtained. Moreover, the operation of producing the sponge is shortened, so that the formation of waste material (so-called incrustations) is reduced.
  • the molded mass which is to be converted into sponge consists of a mixture of viscose and a substance capable of forming the pores of the sponge, and, if desired, of dyestuffs or fibrous materials or both.
  • additions may be introduced which during the formation of the sponge by the coagulation of the viscose and itsregeneration into cellulose hydrate are incorporated in the material of the sponge and are retained therein.
  • Such additions may, for instance, be disinfectants, scents or the like.
  • the regeneration baths which give the best result for the purpose in question are weakly alkaline solu tions.
  • the raw sponge mass particularly as regards the pore-forming filler, becomes more independent of the degree of ripeness of the viscose (i. e. of the amount of the alkali set free and the speed of the liberation of the alkali from the xanthate).
  • the composition of the sponge mass it becomes possible to keep the mass in a more liquid condition.
  • the degree of alkalinity or the upper limit of concentration in alkali of the regeneration baths may be easily determined by experiment, it must, however, not be too high as the action of concentrated alkali notoriously produces an undesired degradation of the cellulose molecule.
  • the highest applicable concentration depends on the several working conditions, especially on the temperature used, because the higher the temperature, at which the regeneration is performed, the smaller the amount of free alkalithe baths should contain. With a regeneration bath containing about 1% of'free caustic soda solution or an equivalent amount of another base, under normal conditions, I have obtained good results. There may, however, also be used considerably lower alkali concentrations, and if required, also higher concentrations.
  • saturated salt solutions have proved to be particularly suitable in order to prevent premature removal of the pore-forming fillers from the sponge mass.
  • the solutions may be diluted.
  • the The described treatment of the sponge mass effected under pressure, may be followed by a vacuum treatment, it being advantageous, to keep the sponge mass, during the mixing operation at a reduced pressure, or to expose the sponge mass ready for coagulation in the mould to the action of reduced pressure prior to the action of the liquid regenerating baths.
  • This expedient allows one to treat the spongeforming masses while in a thinly liquid condition in which they can easily be mixed and moulded, whereas the concentrations most favorable for the further treatment of the sponge masses are only attained in the course of the mixing or moulding step by the action 'of the vacuum.
  • this process involves the possibility of conducting the manufacture in such a manner that the viscose, in the production of the porous structure, is not directly regenerated .into cellulose hydrate, but is only gradually converted into cellulose hydrate during the further treatment whereby the coagulation and the decomposition occur in successive steps.
  • a moulded mass from viscose and pore-forming fillers is dehydrated by heating in the vacuum to such an extent, that the body precipitated mainly consists of non-decomposed xanthate, which then by the action of the liquid baths under pressure is decomposed into cellulose hydrate.
  • the properties of the articles obtained in respect of touch, elasticity and tensile strength are greatly improved by the treatment' according to this invention.
  • a viscose solution containing 4-5 per cent of cellulose and prepared while preventing degradation of the cellulose as much as possible by shredding the alkali cellulose at a low temperature and without ripening the alkali cellulose and the viscose are, if required after addition of dyestuffs, intimately mixed with 300 kilos of grains of sodium sulphate of various sizes and 30 kilos of an artificial or a natural fibrous material, such as staple fibers, flax, jute, ramie fiber or coco fiber. It is advisable to cause greasy fibrous materials to swell previously in an alkaline solution containing at the most 10% of alkali.
  • the pasty mass obtained is introduced into open moulds of a suitable material and then kept at a raised temperature under reduced pressure until the whole of the mass has coagulated. These bodies which have been molded under a reduced pressure are then exposed to the action of a regenerating bath consisting of a saturated solution of sodium sulphate, containing 1% of free caustic soda solution, and treated for A; to 2 hours under a pressure of up to '20 atmospheres.
  • the regeneration bath may contain additions of scents or disinfectants.
  • the articles obtained by the regeneration are, if required, bleached and dyed and finally made into smaller pieces of the desired shape.
  • My invention is not limited to the foregoingexample nor to the specific details given therein. Any viscose suitable for the production of artificial silkmay be used with my process, however, it is advantageous to use an unripened viscose made from unripened alkali cellulose.
  • the temperature to he used in the treatment under reduced pressure as well as in the regeneration process may vary within wide limits. For the treatment under reduced pressure I have found suitable temperatures from about 20 to 30 and for the regeneration from about to 150, without limiting my invention thereto.
  • concentrated salt solutions than that of sodium sulfate likewise are suitable, for instance, a solution of a sodium halide, potassium halide an earth alkali-metal halide, sodium sulfite, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate or of a salt of an organic acid, for instance sodium formate or sodium acetate sodium lactate etc.
  • the products obtained according to the process of this invention are primarily excellent substitutes for natural sponges.
  • the porous structures may, however, also be used for other purposes, for instance as filter masses, heat insulators, packing material or sound absorbers.
  • a process of manufacturing artificial sponges from viscose which comprises subjecting a mixture of viscose and pore forming fillers to the action of a liquid regeneration bath under pressure.
  • a process of manufacturing artificial sponges from viscose which comprises subjecting a mixture of viscose and pore-forming fillers to the action of a liquid regeneration bath containing a compound of the group consisting of disinfectants and scents under pressure.
  • a process of manufacturing artificial sponges from viscose which comprises subjecting a mixture of viscose and pore-forming fillers to the action of a liquid regeneration bath having a weakly alkaline reaction, under pressure.
  • a process of manufacturing artificial sponges from viscose which comprises subjecting a mixture of viscose and pore-forming fillers to the action of a liquid regeneration bath containing at the most 1 per cent of caustic soda, under pressure.
  • a process of manufacturing artificial sponges from viscose which comprises subjecting a mixture of viscose and pore-forming fillers to the action of a concentrated solution of sodium sulfate containing 1 per cent of caustic soda, under pressure.
  • a process of manufacturing artificial sponges from viscose which comprises subjecting a mixture of viscose and pore-forming fillers to the action of a concentrated solution of sodium sulfate containing 1 per cent of caustic soda, under pressure and washing immediately after the regeneration.
  • a process of manufacturing artificial sponges from viscose which comprises subjecting to a reduced pressure a mixture of viscose and poreforming fillers and subjecting the mixture thus treated to the action of a liquid regeneration bath under pressure.
  • a process of manufacturing artificial sponges from viscose which comprises subjecting to a reduced pressure and heat a mixture of viscose and pore-forming fillers and subjecting the mixture thus treated to the action of a liquid regeneration bath under pressure.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US649114A 1930-06-05 1932-12-27 Manufacture of artificial sponges Expired - Lifetime US1974393A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE561120T 1930-06-05
DEM118161D DE601436C (de) 1930-06-05 1931-12-28 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kunstschwamm aus Viscoseloesungen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1974393A true US1974393A (en) 1934-09-18

Family

ID=7328985

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US649114A Expired - Lifetime US1974393A (en) 1930-06-05 1932-12-27 Manufacture of artificial sponges

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US1974393A (fr)
CH (1) CH165508A (fr)
DE (1) DE601436C (fr)
FR (1) FR42832E (fr)
GB (1) GB392483A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2504208A (en) * 1945-12-21 1950-04-18 Celanese Corp Process of producing porous materials
US2706159A (en) * 1951-03-09 1955-04-12 American Enka Corp Manufacture of artificial sponges
US2853395A (en) * 1954-03-12 1958-09-23 Du Pont Cellulosic sponge process
US3131076A (en) * 1961-05-04 1964-04-28 Courtaulds Ltd Process for making cellulose sponge

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE882198C (de) * 1949-10-29 1953-07-06 Bernhard Gotthart Schuheinlegesohle und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE1013263B (de) * 1954-02-17 1957-08-08 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Filtern aus koernigem Kunststoff
AT402932B (de) * 1995-12-22 1997-09-25 Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag Celluloseschwamm und verfahren zu dessen herstellung

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2504208A (en) * 1945-12-21 1950-04-18 Celanese Corp Process of producing porous materials
US2706159A (en) * 1951-03-09 1955-04-12 American Enka Corp Manufacture of artificial sponges
US2853395A (en) * 1954-03-12 1958-09-23 Du Pont Cellulosic sponge process
US3131076A (en) * 1961-05-04 1964-04-28 Courtaulds Ltd Process for making cellulose sponge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE601436C (de) 1934-08-15
FR42832E (fr) 1933-11-04
CH165508A (de) 1933-11-30
GB392483A (en) 1933-05-18

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