US1986479A - Means for supervising pneumatic fire alarm systems - Google Patents

Means for supervising pneumatic fire alarm systems Download PDF

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Publication number
US1986479A
US1986479A US416782A US41678229A US1986479A US 1986479 A US1986479 A US 1986479A US 416782 A US416782 A US 416782A US 41678229 A US41678229 A US 41678229A US 1986479 A US1986479 A US 1986479A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pressure
tubing
diaphragm
air
casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US416782A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ernest A Lowe
John R Hamilton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Automatic Sprinkler Corp
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Automatic Sprinkler Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Automatic Sprinkler Corp filed Critical Automatic Sprinkler Corp
Priority to US416782A priority Critical patent/US1986479A/en
Priority to FR691667D priority patent/FR691667A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1986479A publication Critical patent/US1986479A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
    • H01H35/24—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow
    • H01H35/34—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow actuated by diaphragm
    • H01H35/346—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow actuated by diaphragm in which the movable contact is formed or directly supported by the diaphragm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/04—Hydraulic or pneumatic actuation of the alarm, e.g. by change of fluid pressure

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fire alarm signal apparatus in which a line of air tubing is employed extending over or disposed through the area to be protected and operating. in response to abnormal rate of change of temperature, the
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a prompt, reliable and effective pneumatically operated means for detecting breaks or abnormal leakages in said air or gas tubing which would impair the operation of the same was the means for detecting fire, and the specialobject of the invention is to provide means for promptly detecting such a break at whatever point it may occur in the length of tubing.
  • the invention consists in the improved constructions hereinafter described and claimed wherein the tubing at both of its ends is provided with a pressure responsive device controlling the action of an alarm or signal and operating on sudden change of air pressure consequent upon a break or large leakage in said tubing, the normal pressure on saiddiaphragm being normally balanced by means opposing the pressure in the tubing so that on the occurrence of such breakage and the consequent change of pressure the diaphragm becomes unbalanced and will be moved to cause an alarm to be given, all as more particularly hereinafter described and claimed.
  • the invention relates also to the means for (Cl. ll77355) maintaining the air pressure.
  • the object of this part of the invention is to prevent the giving of a'false signal of fire through a temporary interruption in the normal action of the. air
  • a source of supply of air or other gas under pressure preferably in the form of an automatically controlled pump and in connection with said diaphragm or its casing we employ an exterior casing in which the pump or other means normally maintains a pressure.
  • Said casing is connected with the diaphragm casing only through a restricted vent or passageway which throttles down the escape of air from the diaphragm casing should there be a temporary failure of the pump or pressure supply .in the outer casing, and thereby prevents any sudden movement of the diaphragm in the detector diaphragm casing such as would normally result from a sudden k change in the relative pressures upon the opposite faces thereof due to sudden change in the pressure on the side thereof which connects with the detector tubing.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates our invention in one of its forms in diagrammatic fashion, the portion of the apparatus comprising the diaphragms and diaphragm casings being illustrated in vertical section.
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the diaphragms, their casings, electrical contacts and detector tubing connections.
  • the usual or typical system of air or gas tubing is indicated at 7. customarily this is 1000 feet in length more or less and may cover the fire area with the portions of tubing no closer to one another than 30 feet between centers.
  • the opposite ends of said tubing terminate in the enclosing casings 6 for a pair of diaphragms indicated at 6 upon which gas pressure from the tubing 7 acts to cause the diaphragm to move and close circuit upon normally open circuit contacts for the purpose of sending a fire signal, but only when the rate of change of pressure in the tubing exceeds the rate of compensation for pressure permitted by or restricted by a vent or relief 9 at each end of the tubing which vents into a chamber or receptacle in which air pressure is maintained and from which the tubing derives its air pressure as will be presently described.
  • the diaphragms 6 are suitably mounted in a diaphragm casing or casings 6 shown in crosssection, which may be of bakelite or other suitable material.
  • a diaphragm casing or casings 6 shown in crosssection which may be of bakelite or other suitable material.
  • These diaphragm containing casings may be mounted or attached together and suitably secured, as shown in Fig. l and are both enclosed within a common casing or receptacle 5 which is gas tight excepting for the gas connections and vent to be presently described.
  • two contacts A, B are employed in association with each diaphragm. These are mounted in position opposite the electrical contact carried by the center of the diaphragm, the mounting of them being in the diaphragm casing as shown.
  • Contacts A may be in multiple in the same circuit and contacts B may be likewise connected in multiple in their circuit.
  • casing 5 In casing 5 is a restricted equalizing air or gas vent or passageway indicated at 8 through which gas pressure in 5 and in another outer gas tight casing or enclosure 4 may be gradually equalized. The particular functions of this passageway permitting gradual transfer of pressure between the chambers will be described further on.
  • any pressure maintained in chamber 4 automatically by the means to be presently, described will be communicated, through vent or passageway 8, to the chamber or enclosure 5 and said pressure in 5 will act freely upon the sides of the diaphragms opposite the sides exposed to the pressure from the tubing 7 and will be communicated from 5 to the tubes through the vents or restrictions 9 to maintain the air pressure or condition therein esa-eve various conditions are employed and also suitable automatically controlled means consisting for instance of an air or gas compressor for maintaining a substantially continuous predetermined pressure in the outside casing or chamber 4..
  • suitable automatically controlled means consisting for instance of an air or gas compressor for maintaining a substantially continuous predetermined pressure in the outside casing or chamber 4.
  • the registering of such break or abnormal leak may be effected by any desired means, as for instance through circuit shown by wires 11 and 10 connected respectively to the pair of contacts A and the diaphragms, said circuit including battery 25 and releasing magnet 41 which will operate to actuate or release the usual trouble clock or transmitter indicated at 22, the latter in turn operating through circuit 22', battery 24, and register 23, to produce a trouble signal at the central station or other suitable supervisory point thus giving a warning of a derangement of the tubing.
  • the diaphragm 6' at said end near the break would move up quickly and give the trouble signal although the action of the diaphragm at the opposite or remote end should be dangerously delayed.
  • This trouble signal or alarm will be given promptly therefore no matter where the break in the tubing occurs.
  • the diaphragms 6' are capable of functioning in the usual or intended way to promptly give a fire signal in case of the sudden change of pressurein the tubing wherever it may occur, by the closure of circuit on one or both contacts B over circuit 10-'-10' and battery 25.
  • This circuit includes the main or release magnet 17 ,for fire clock or transmitter 18 that transmits the code signal or alarm over wires 18', battery 19 and fire register 20 located in the central station by the action of magnet 17. Simultaneber in which the reservoir or pressure is mainously a local alarm will be given by the action of magnet 17 which closes the circuit over con tact 21', annunciator relay 21, bell 40 and battery 25.
  • pressure switch arm of gauge 27 will continue to drop until contact is made through circuits 3i and 32 and magnet 32 and electric supply 29, thus energizing trouble magnet 32, thereby starting trouble clock 33 and sending code signal over wires 34-, battery 34, and trouble register 35, usually located in central station.
  • a local alarm may be indicated simultaneously through the action or the magnet 32 in closing circuit on contact 48.
  • 3t and 39 indicate the usual cut-off valves in the connections to the pressure of a gas.
  • the supervisory or artificial pressure produced by the above or any other suitable means in the exterior chamber and from which the tubing 7 derives its pressure through the restricted passageway serves the purpose of establishing a difference of pressure on a diaphragm connected to the tubing so in case of rupture of said tubing the pressure in the tubing in becoming equalized with that 01 the air through the break produces a change of pressure on the diaphragm which is employed through suitable instrumentalities to produce a trouble signal.
  • the air or gas said tub g normally maintained therein for the putpose also serves as the means for communicat ing pressure to the devices by which a fire alarm signal is produced when the air is heated expanded by increase of temperature due to enistence or" iire
  • the restricted vent or opening 8 has a further beneficial effect in preventing sudden abnormal increase of pressure in casing from producing sudden changes of pressure in 5 and thereby avoids the production of false trouble signals by movement of the diaphragms in a direction to close the contacts A through which the trouble signal is given.
  • the combination oi or gas tubing provided with a pressure compensating vent, a diaphragm chamber in communication with said compensating vent and having a contact operating diaphragm having a chamber in connection with and responsive to change of pressure in said tubing cooperating contacts brought into action by said diaphragm on movement thereof in either direction and an outer chamber or casing within which said diaphragm casing is mounted, said outer casing or chamber being connected to gas compressing means provided with controlling devices responsive to change of pressure in said chamber and a continuously open restricted vent or passageway independent of said pressure compensating vent and affording a passage through which gas is supplied for action on the diaphragm in opposition to the tube pressure, said compressing means operating under automatic control to supply and maintain approximately constant pressure in said outer casing different from atmospheric pressure.
  • the combination with detector air or gas tubing of a pair of diaphragms having means for subjecting them respectively to pressure communicated from opposite ends of said tubing adjacent to each other, a pair of contacts for each diaphragm located at opposite sides thereof and adapted independently to complete an electric circuit and respectively upon increase or decrease cf pressure in the tubing, a sealed chamber surrounding and within which .said diaphragms are both mounted and having free communication with the spaces on the sides of said diaphragm opposite the sides exposed to the tubing pressure, a restricted passage between the interior of the tubing and the sealed chamber, means for automatically maintaining substantially constant gas pressure in said chamber diiferentfrom atmospheric pressure comprising a receptacle in which such pressureis automatically maintained and which is connected with said chamber through a restricted passageway.
  • the combination with detector gas tubing of a pair of diaphragms having means for subjecting them respectively to pressure communicated from opposite ends of said tubing adjacent to each other, a pair of contacts for each diaphragm located at opposite sides thereof and adapted independently to complete an electric circuit respectively upon increase or decrease of pressure in the tubing, a surrounding enclosure common to and within which said diaphragms are both mounted, said enclosure automatically maintaining substantially constant pressure in said enclosure different from atmospheric pressure, an exterior chamber surrounding and connecting with the first by a restricted vent and provided with means for automatically maintaining gas at a substantially constant pressure in the exterior chamber different from atmospheric pressure.
  • the combination with detector tubing provided with means for maintaining therein air or gas pressure different from that of the atmosphere and provided with pressure compensating vents Lea ers at both ends adapted to allow equalization of pressure between pressure in said tubing and an exterior pressure when the pressure in the tubing varies at apredetermined slow rate, with a pair of pressure responsive devices connected respectively to the opposite ends of said tubing and each subject to variation of pressure maintained in said tubing, means for creating and automatically maintaining an opposing pressure different from atmospheric pressure upon each responsive device opposing the tubing pressure and derived from a common source through a passage independent of the pressure compensating device, an alarm or signal controlled in its action by either of said devices through sudden decrease of pressure in said tubing consequent upon a break or excessive leakage therein and an alarm or signal brought into action by each of said pressure responsive devices on an increase of the pressure in said tubing not compensated for by the pressure compensating vent.
  • Means for detecting changes of pressure condition in an air tubing provided with means for producing therein an automatically maintained pressure different from that of the atmosphere comprising a pressure responsive diaphragm and chamber therefor connected to the tubing so as to be exposed to the pressure therein on one side and exposed on its other to continuous maintained pressure different from atmospheric pressure, means for supplying such pressure from a chamber completely surrounding the diaphragm chamber and to which pressure difiicrent from atmospheric pressure is supplied from a suitable source having means for automatically maintaining pressure diflerent from atmospheric pressure, a restricted passage connecting the tubing and the said surrounding chamber having the automatically maintained pressure and a pair of fixedly mounted circuit closing devices cooperating with said diaphragm and adapted to be engaged thereby respectively upon movement of the diaphragm in response to increase or decrease of pressure in the tubing.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
US416782A 1929-12-27 1929-12-27 Means for supervising pneumatic fire alarm systems Expired - Lifetime US1986479A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US416782A US1986479A (en) 1929-12-27 1929-12-27 Means for supervising pneumatic fire alarm systems
FR691667D FR691667A (fr) 1929-12-27 1930-03-10 Perfectionnements aux appareils avertisseurs d'incendie

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US416782A US1986479A (en) 1929-12-27 1929-12-27 Means for supervising pneumatic fire alarm systems

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US1986479A true US1986479A (en) 1935-01-01

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FR (1) FR691667A (fr)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2493351A (en) * 1946-04-13 1950-01-03 Edison Inc Thomas A Pressure type fire detecting system
US2658190A (en) * 1952-06-14 1953-11-03 Edward J Poitras Liquid-vapor phase differential fire and overheat detector and control and system
US2723388A (en) * 1953-09-03 1955-11-08 Jacobs Wind Electric Company I Pressure responsive warning signal
US2778007A (en) * 1955-12-09 1957-01-15 Berchin Walter Multi-carburetor synchronizer
US2966667A (en) * 1945-06-06 1960-12-27 George H Leonard Pressure gradient detector
US3108466A (en) * 1961-02-24 1963-10-29 Howard H Sander Blast yield meter
US3116478A (en) * 1959-10-07 1963-12-31 Molins Machine Co Ltd Balanced pulsed pneumatic bridge type detector of cigarette presence and packing density
US3242718A (en) * 1961-12-06 1966-03-29 Commissariat Energie Atomique Device for measurement of pressure in explosion phenomena
US3374323A (en) * 1965-04-14 1968-03-19 Cecil H. Peek Pressure responsive device for actuating an alarm
US3631439A (en) * 1969-09-15 1971-12-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Pressure-sensitive security apparatus
US3914755A (en) * 1973-12-10 1975-10-21 Vann Signal Devices Inc Pressure change responsive alarm apparatus
US4100537A (en) * 1977-08-08 1978-07-11 Taylor Medical Oxygen Services, Inc. Monitor for gas piping system
US5136278A (en) * 1991-03-15 1992-08-04 Systron Donner Corporation Compact and lightweight pneumatic pressure detector for fire detection with integrity switch
CN104051186A (zh) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-17 基德科技公司 具有集成的报警和故障开关的气动检测器
CN104134575A (zh) * 2013-04-30 2014-11-05 基德科技公司 气压开关
EP2858050A1 (fr) * 2013-10-03 2015-04-08 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Commutateur de détecteur pneumatique ayant un diaphragme unique pour les états d'alarme et de panne
US20150206678A1 (en) * 2014-01-21 2015-07-23 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Pneumatic detector with integrated electrical contact

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2966667A (en) * 1945-06-06 1960-12-27 George H Leonard Pressure gradient detector
US2493351A (en) * 1946-04-13 1950-01-03 Edison Inc Thomas A Pressure type fire detecting system
US2658190A (en) * 1952-06-14 1953-11-03 Edward J Poitras Liquid-vapor phase differential fire and overheat detector and control and system
US2723388A (en) * 1953-09-03 1955-11-08 Jacobs Wind Electric Company I Pressure responsive warning signal
US2778007A (en) * 1955-12-09 1957-01-15 Berchin Walter Multi-carburetor synchronizer
US3116478A (en) * 1959-10-07 1963-12-31 Molins Machine Co Ltd Balanced pulsed pneumatic bridge type detector of cigarette presence and packing density
US3108466A (en) * 1961-02-24 1963-10-29 Howard H Sander Blast yield meter
US3242718A (en) * 1961-12-06 1966-03-29 Commissariat Energie Atomique Device for measurement of pressure in explosion phenomena
US3374323A (en) * 1965-04-14 1968-03-19 Cecil H. Peek Pressure responsive device for actuating an alarm
US3631439A (en) * 1969-09-15 1971-12-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Pressure-sensitive security apparatus
US3914755A (en) * 1973-12-10 1975-10-21 Vann Signal Devices Inc Pressure change responsive alarm apparatus
US4100537A (en) * 1977-08-08 1978-07-11 Taylor Medical Oxygen Services, Inc. Monitor for gas piping system
US5136278A (en) * 1991-03-15 1992-08-04 Systron Donner Corporation Compact and lightweight pneumatic pressure detector for fire detection with integrity switch
EP0503971A1 (fr) * 1991-03-15 1992-09-16 Whittaker Corporation Détecteur pneumatique à pression
CN104051186A (zh) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-17 基德科技公司 具有集成的报警和故障开关的气动检测器
CN104051186B (zh) * 2013-03-15 2018-03-30 基德科技公司 具有集成的报警和故障开关的气动检测器
CN104134575A (zh) * 2013-04-30 2014-11-05 基德科技公司 气压开关
EP2800076A3 (fr) * 2013-04-30 2016-03-02 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Commutateur de pression pneumatique
US9330556B2 (en) 2013-04-30 2016-05-03 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Pneumatic pressure switch
CN108711535A (zh) * 2013-04-30 2018-10-26 基德科技公司 气压开关
EP2858050A1 (fr) * 2013-10-03 2015-04-08 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Commutateur de détecteur pneumatique ayant un diaphragme unique pour les états d'alarme et de panne
US20150097677A1 (en) * 2013-10-03 2015-04-09 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Pneumatic detector switch having a single diaphragm for alarm and fault conditions
US9418527B2 (en) * 2013-10-03 2016-08-16 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Pneumatic detector switch having a single diaphragm for alarm and fault conditions
US20150206678A1 (en) * 2014-01-21 2015-07-23 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Pneumatic detector with integrated electrical contact
US9208980B2 (en) * 2014-01-21 2015-12-08 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Pneumatic detector with integrated electrical contact

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR691667A (fr) 1930-10-24

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