US20020007572A1 - Shoe sole structure having midsole sides - Google Patents

Shoe sole structure having midsole sides Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020007572A1
US20020007572A1 US09/780,450 US78045001A US2002007572A1 US 20020007572 A1 US20020007572 A1 US 20020007572A1 US 78045001 A US78045001 A US 78045001A US 2002007572 A1 US2002007572 A1 US 2002007572A1
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Prior art keywords
sole
midsole
shoe sole
shoe
section
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US09/780,450
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English (en)
Inventor
Frampton Ellis
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Anatomic Research Inc
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Anatomic Research Inc
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Priority claimed from US08/376,661 external-priority patent/US6810606B1/en
Application filed by Anatomic Research Inc filed Critical Anatomic Research Inc
Priority to US09/780,450 priority Critical patent/US20020007572A1/en
Assigned to ANATOMIC RESEARCH, INC. reassignment ANATOMIC RESEARCH, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ELLIS, FRAMPTON E., III
Publication of US20020007572A1 publication Critical patent/US20020007572A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/143—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form provided with wedged, concave or convex end portions, e.g. for improving roll-off of the foot
    • A43B13/146—Concave end portions, e.g. with a cavity or cut-out portion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/143—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form provided with wedged, concave or convex end portions, e.g. for improving roll-off of the foot
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/143—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form provided with wedged, concave or convex end portions, e.g. for improving roll-off of the foot
    • A43B13/145—Convex portions, e.g. with a bump or projection, e.g. 'Masai' type shoes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/143—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form provided with wedged, concave or convex end portions, e.g. for improving roll-off of the foot
    • A43B13/148—Wedged end portions

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the structure of shoes. More specifically, this invention relates to the structure of running shoes. Still more particularly, this invention relates to variations in the structure of such shoes using a theoretically-ideal stability plane as a basic concept.
  • a shoe according to the invention comprises a sole having at least a portion thereof following the contour of a theoretically ideal stability plane, and which further includes rounded edges at the finishing edge of the sole after the last point where the constant shoe sole thickness is maintained.
  • the upper surface of the sole does not provide an unsupported portion that creates a destabilizing torque and the bottom surface does not provide an unnatural pivoting edge.
  • the shoe includes a naturally contoured sole structure exhibiting natural deformation which closely parallels the natural deformation of a foot under the same load.
  • the naturally contoured side portion of the sole extends to contours underneath the load-bearing foot.
  • the sole portion is abbreviated along its sides to essential support and propulsion elements wherein those elements are combined and integrated into the same discontinuous shoe sole structural elements underneath the foot, which approximate the principal structural elements of a human foot and their natural articulation between elements.
  • the density of the abbreviated shoe sole can be greater than the density of the material used in an unabbreviated shoe sole to compensate for increased pressure loading.
  • the essential support elements include the base and lateral tuberosity of the calcaneus, heads of the metatarsal, and the base of the fifth metatarsal.
  • the shoe sole is naturally contoured, paralleling the shape of the foot in order to parallel its natural deformation, and made from a material which, when under load and tilting to the side, deforms in a manner which closely parallels that of the foot of its wearer, while retaining nearly the same amount of contact of the shoe sole with the ground as in its upright state under load.
  • a deformable shoe sole according to the invention may have its sides bent inwardly somewhat so that when worn the sides bend out easily to approximate a custom fit.
  • FIG. 1 is a rear view of a heel of a foot for explaining the use of a stationery sprain simulation test.
  • FIG. 2 is a rear view of a conventional running shoe unstably rotating about an edge of its sole when the shoe sole is tilted to the outside.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of the forces on a foot when rotating in a shoe of the type shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 but showing further continued rotation of a foot in a shoe of the type shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a force diagram during rotation of a shoe having motion control devices and heel counters.
  • FIG. 6 is another force diagram during rotation of a shoe having a constant shoe sole thickness, but producing a destabilizing torque because a portion of the upper sole surface is unsupported during rotation.
  • FIG. 7 shows an approach for minimizing destabilizing torque by providing only direct structural support and by rounding edges of the sole and its outer and inner surfaces.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8 I illustrate functionally the principles of natural deformation as applied to the shoe soles of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows variations in the relative density of the shoe sole including the shoe insole to maximize an ability of the sole to deform naturally.
  • FIG. 10 shows a shoe having naturally contoured sides bent inwardly somewhat from a normal size so then when worn the shoe approximates a custom fit.
  • FIG. 11 shows a shoe sole having a fully contoured design but having sides which are abbreviated to the essential structural stability and propulsion elements that are combined and integrated into discontinuous structural elements underneath the foot that simulate those of the foot.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram serving as a basis for an expanded discussion of a correct approach for measuring shoe sole thickness.
  • FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of the invention in a shoe sole wherein only the outer or bottom sole includes the special contours of the design of the invention and maintains a conventional flat upper surface to ease joining with a conventional flat midsole lower surface.
  • FIG. 14 shows in frontal plane cross sections an inner shoe sole enhancement to the previously described embodiments of the show sole side stability quadrant invention.
  • FIG. 15 shows in frontal plane cross sections an inner shoe sole stability side enhancement applied to the previously described embodiments of the naturally contoured sides design.
  • FIG. 1 shows in a real illustration a foot 27 in position for a new biomechanical test that is the basis for the discovery that ankle sprains are in fact unnatural for the bare foot.
  • the test simulates a lateral ankle sprain, where the foot 27 —on the ground 43 —rolls or tilts to the outside, to the extreme end of its normal range of motion, which is usually about 20 degrees at the heel 29 , as shown in a rear view of a bare (right) heel in FIG. 1.
  • Lateral (inversion) sprains are the most common ankle sprains, accounting for about three-fourths of all.
  • the especially novel aspect of the testing approach is to perform the ankle spraining simulation while standing stationary.
  • the absence of forward motion is the key to the dramatic success of the test because otherwise it is impossible to recreate for testing purposes the actual foot and ankle motion that occurs during a lateral ankle sprain, And simultaneously to do it in a controlled manner, while at normal running speed or even jogging slowly, or walking. Without the critical control achieved by slowing forward motion all the way down to zero, any test subject would end up with a sprained ankle.
  • the Stationary Sprain Simulation Test (SSST) consists simply of standing stationary with one foot bare and the other shod with any shoe. Each foot alternately is carefully tilted to the outside up to the extreme end of its range of motion, simulating a lateral ankle sprain.
  • the Stationary Sprain Simulation Test clearly identifies what can be no less than a fundamental flaw in existing shoe design. It demonstrates conclusively that nature's biomechanical system, the bare foot, is far superior in stability to man's artificial shoe design. Unfortunately, it also demonstrates that the shoe's severe instability overpowers the natural stability of the human foot and synthetically creates a combined biomechanical system that is artificially unstable. The shoe is the weak link.
  • the new Stationary Sprain Simulation Test provides a natural yardstick, totally missing until now, to determine whether any given shoe allows the foot within it to function naturally. If a shoe cannot pass this simple litmus test, it is positive proof that a particular shoe is interfering with natural foot and ankle biomechanics. The only question is the exact extent of the interference beyond that demonstrated by the new test.
  • the applicant's designs are the only designs with shoe soles thick enough to provide cushioning (thin-soled and heel-less moccasins do pass the test, but do not provide cushioning and only moderate protection) that will provide naturally stable performance, like the bare foot, in the Stationary Sprain Simulation Test.
  • FIG. 2 shows that, in complete contrast, the foot equipped with a conventional running shoe, designated generally by the reference numeral 20 and having an upper 21 , though initially very stable while resting completely flat on the ground, becomes immediately unstable when the shoe sole 22 is tilted to the outside.
  • the tilting motion lifts from contact with the ground all of the shoe sole 22 except the artificially sharp edge of the bottom outside corner.
  • the shoe sole instability increases the farther the foot is rolled laterally.
  • the instability induced by the shoe itself is so great that the normal load-bearing pressure of full body weight would actively force an ankle sprain if not controlled.
  • the abnormal tilting motion of the shoe does not stop at the barefoot's natural 20 degree limit, as you can see from the 45 degree tilt of the shoe heel in FIG. 2.
  • That continued outward rotation of the shoe past 20 degrees causes the foot to slip within the shoe, shifting its position within the shoe to the outside edge, further increasing the shoe's structural instability.
  • the slipping of the foot within the shoe is caused by the natural tendency of the foot to slide down the typically flat surface of the tilted shoe sole; the more the tilt, the stronger the tendency.
  • the heel is shown in FIG. 2 because of its primary importance in sprains due to its direct physical connection to the ankle ligaments that are torn in an ankle sprain and also because of the heel's predominant role within the foot in bearing body weight.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates that the underlying problem with existing shoe designs is fairly easy to understand by looking closely at the principal forces acting on the physical structure of the shoe sole.
  • the weight of the body held in the shoe upper 21 shifts automatically to the outside edge of the shoe sole 22 .
  • the tilted shoe sole 22 provides absolutely no supporting physical structure directly underneath the shifted body weight where it is critically needed to support that weight.
  • An essential part of the supporting foundation is missing.
  • the only actual structural support comes from the sharp corner edge 23 of the shoe sole 22 , which unfortunately is not directly under the force of the body weight after the shoe is tilted. Instead, the corner edge 23 is offset well to the inside.
  • a lever arm 23 a is set up through the shoe sole 22 between two interacting forces (called a force couple): the force of gravity on the body (usually known as body weight 133 ) applied at the point 24 in the upper 21 and the reaction force 134 of the ground, equal to and opposite to body weight when the shoe is upright.
  • the force couple creates a force moment, commonly called torque, that forces the shoe 20 to rotate to the outside around the sharp corner edge 23 of the bottom sole 22 , which serves as a stationary pivoting point 23 or center of rotation.
  • the problem may be easier to understand by looking at the diagram of the force components of body weight shown in FIG. 3A.
  • the shoe sole 22 is tilted out 45 degrees, as shown, only half of the downward force of body weight 133 is physically supported by the shoe sole 22 ; the supported force component 135 is 71% of full body weight 133 .
  • the other half of the body weight at the 45 degree tilt is unsupported physically by any shoe sole structure; the unsupported component is also 71% of full body weight 133 . It therefore produces strong destabilizing outward tilting rotation, which is resisted by nothing structural except the lateral ligaments of the ankle.
  • FIG. 3B show that the full force of body weight 133 is split at 45 degrees of tilt into two equal components: supported 135 and unsupported 136 , each equal to 0.707 of full body weight 133 .
  • the two vertical components 137 and 138 of body weight 133 are both equal to 0.50 of full body weight.
  • the ground reaction force 134 is equal to the vertical component 137 of the supported component 135 .
  • FIG. 4 show a summary of the force components at shoe sole tilts of 0, 45 and 90 degrees.
  • FIG. 4 which uses the same reference numerals as in FIG. 3, shows that, as the outward rotation continues to 90 degrees, and the foot slips within the shoe while ligaments stretch and/or break, the destabilizing unsupported force component 136 continues to grow.
  • the sole 22 is providing no structural support and there is no supported force component 135 of the full body weight 133 .
  • the ground reaction force at the pivoting point 23 is zero, since it would move to the upper edge 24 of the shoe sole.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates that the extremely rigid heel counter 141 typical of existing athletic shoes, together with the motion control device 142 that are often used to strongly reinforce those heel counters (and sometimes also the sides of the mid- and forefoot), are ironically counterproductive. Though they are intended to increase stability, in fact they decrease it.
  • FIG. 5 shows that when the shoe 20 is tilted out, the foot is shifted within the upper 21 naturally against the rigid structure of the typical motion control device 142 , instead of only the outside edge of the shoe sole 22 itself.
  • the motion control support 142 increases by almost twice the effective lever arm 132 (compared to 23 a ) between the force couple of body weight and the ground reaction force at the pivot point 23 .
  • FIG. 6 shows that the same kind of torsional problem, though to a much more moderate extent, can be produced in the applicant's naturally contoured design of the applicant's earlier-filed applications.
  • the concept of a theoretically-ideal stability plane was developed in terms of a sole 28 having a lower surface 31 and an upper surface 30 which are spaced apart by a predetermined distance which remains constant throughout the sagittal frontal planes.
  • the outer surface 27 of the foot is in contact with the upper surface 30 of the sole 28 .
  • FIG. 1 shows that it might seem desireable to extend the inner surface 30 of the shoe sole 28 up around the sides of the foot 27 to further support it (especially in creating anthropomorphic designs).
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an approach to minimize structurally the destabilizing lever arm 32 and therefore the potential torque problem.
  • the finishing edge of the shoe sole 28 should be tapered gradually inward from both the top surface 30 and the bottom surface 31 , in order to provide matching rounded or semi-rounded edges.
  • the upper surface 30 does not provide an unsupported portion that creates a destabilizing torque and the bottom surface 31 does not provide an unnatural pivoting edge.
  • the gap 144 between shoe sole 28 and foot sole 29 at the edge of the shoe sole can be “caulked” with exceptionally soft sole material as indicated in FIG. 7 that, in the aggregate (i.e. all the way around the edge of the shoe sole), will help position the foot in the shoe sole.
  • it will deform easily so as not to form an unnatural lever causing a destabilizing torque.
  • FIGS. 8 A- 8 C illustrate clearly the principle of natural deformation as it applies to the applicant's design, even though design diagrams like those preceding (and in his previous applications already referenced) are normally shown in an ideal state, without any functional deformation, obviously to show their exact shape for proper construction. That natural structural shape, with its contour paralleling the foot, enables the shoe sole to deform naturally like the foot. In the applicant's invention, the natural deformation feature creates such an important functional advantage it will be illustrated and discussed here fully. Note in the figures that even when the shoe sole shape is deformed, the constant shoe sole thickness in the frontal plane feature of the invention is maintained.
  • FIG. 8A shows upright, unloaded and therefore undeformed the fully contoured shoe sole design indicated in FIG. 15 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/239,667 (filed Sep. 2, 1988).
  • FIG. 8A shows a fully contoured shoe sole design that follows the natural contour of all of the foot sole, the bottom as well as the sides.
  • the fully contoured shoe sole assumes that the resulting slightly rounded bottom when unloaded will deform under load as shown in FIG. 8B and flatten just as the human foot bottom is slightly rounded unloaded but flattens under load. Therefore, the shoe sole material must be of such composition as to allow the natural deformation following that of the foot.
  • the design applies particularly to the heel, but to the rest of the shoe sole as well. By providing the closes match to the natural shape of the foot, the fully contoured design allows the foot to function as naturally as possible. Under load, FIG. 8A would deform by flattening to look essentially like FIG. 8B.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B show in frontal plane cross section the essential concept underlying this invention, the theoretically ideal stability plane which is also theoretically ideal for efficient natural motion of all kinds, including running, jogging or walking.
  • the theoretically ideal stability plane 51 is determined, first, by the desired shoe sole thickness (s) in a frontal plane cross section, and, second, by the natural shape of the individual's foot surface 29 .
  • the theoretically ideal stability plane for any particular individual is determined, first, by the given frontal plane cross section shoe sole thickness (s); second, by the natural shape of the individual's foot; and, third, by the frontal plane cross section width of the individual's load-bearing footprint which is defined as the supper surface of the shoe sole that is in physical contact with and supports the human foot sole.
  • FIG. 8B shows the same fully contoured design when upright, under normal load (body weight) and therefore deformed naturally in a manner very closely paralleling the natural deformation under the same load of the foot.
  • An almost identical portion of the foot sole that is flattened in deformation is also flattened in deformation in the shoe sole.
  • FIG. 8C shows the same design when tilted outward 20 degrees laterally, the normal barefoot limit; with virtually equal accuracy it shows the opposite foot tilted 20 degrees inward, in fairly severe pronation.
  • the deformation of the shoe sole 28 again very closely parallels that of the foot, even as it tilts.
  • FIG. 8C also represents with reasonable accuracy a shoe sole design corresponding to FIG. 8B, a naturally contoured shoe sole with a conventional built-in flattening deformation, as in FIG. 14 of the above referenced Sep. 2, 1988, application, except that design would have a slight crimp at 145 .
  • the naturally contoured side design in FIG. 8B is a more conventional, conservative design that is a special case of the more generally fully contoured design in FIG. 8A, which is the closest to the natural form of the foot, but the least conventional.
  • FIGS. 8 D- 8 F show a stop action sequence of the applicant's fully contoured shoe sole during the normal landing and support phases of running to demonstrate the normal functioning of the natural deformation feature.
  • FIG. 8D shows the foot and shoe landing in a normal 10 degree inversion position
  • FIG. 8E shows the foot and shoe after they have rolled to an upright position
  • FIG. 8F shows them having rolled inward 10 degrees in eversion, a normal pronation maximum.
  • the sequence of figures illustrate clearly the natural deformation of the applicant's shoe sole design follows that of the foot very closely so that both provide a nearly equal flattened base to stabilize the foot. Comparing those figures to the same action sequence of FIGS.
  • FIG. 9 shows the preferred relative density of the shoe sole, including the insole as a part, in order to maximize the shoe sole's ability to deform naturally following the natural deformation of the foot sole.
  • the softest and most flexible material 147 should be closest to the foot sole, with a progression through less soft 148 to the firmest and least flexible 149 at the outermost shoe sole layer, the bottom sole.
  • This arrangement helps to avoid the unnatural side lever arm/torque problem mentioned in the previous several figures. That problem is most severe when the shoe sole is relatively hard and non-deforming uniformly throughout the shoe sole, like most conventional street shoes, since hard material transmits the destabilizing torque most effectively by providing a rigid lever arm.
  • the relative density shown in FIG. 9 also helps to allow the shoe sole to duplicate the same kind of natural deformation exhibited by the bare foot sole in FIG. 1, since the shoe sole layers closest to the foot, and therefore with the most severe contours, have to deform the most in order to flatten like the barefoot and consequently need to be soft to do so easily.
  • This shoe sole arrangement also replicates roughly the natural barefoot, which is covered with a very tough “seri boot” outer surface (protecting a softer cushioning interior of fat pads) among primitive barefoot populations.
  • the forgoing principle of preferred relative density refers to proximity to the foot and is not inconsistent with the term uniform density as used in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 07/219,387 filed Jul. 15, 1988 and 07/239,667 filed Sep. 2, 1988.
  • Uniform shoe sole density is preferred strictly in the sense of preserving even and natural support to the foot like the ground provides, so that a neutral starting point can be established, against which so-called improvements can be measured.
  • the preferred uniform density is in marked contrast to the common practice in athletic shoes today, especially those beyond cheap or “bare bones” models, of increasing or decreasing the density of the shoe sole, particularly in the midsole, in various areas underneath the foot to provide extra support or special softness where believed necessary.
  • the same effect is also created by areas either supported or unsupported by the tread pattern of the bottom sole.
  • the most common example of this practice is the use of denser midsole material under the inside portion of the heel, to counteract excessive pronation.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates that the applicant's naturally contoured shoe sole sides can be made to provide a fit so close as to approximate a custom fit.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a fully contoured design, but abbreviated along the sides to only essential structural stability and propulsion shoe sole elements as shown in FIG. 21 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/239,667 (filed Sep. 2, 1988) combined with the freely articulating structural elements underneath the foot as shown in FIG. 28 of the same patent application.
  • the unifying concept is that, on both the sides and underneath the main load-bearing portions of the shoe sole, only the important structural (i.e. bone) elements of the foot should be supported by the shoe sole, if the natural flexibility of the foot is to be paralleled accurately in shoe sole flexibility, so that the shoe sole does not interfere with the foot's natural motion.
  • the shoe sole should be composed of the same main structural elements as the foot and they should articulate with each other just as do the main joints of the foot.
  • FIG. 11E shows the horizontal plane bottom view of the right foot corresponding to the fully contoured design previously described, but abbreviated along the sides to only essential structural support and propulsion elements.
  • Shoe sole material density can be increased in the unabbreviated essential elements to compensate for increased pressure loading there.
  • the essential structural support elements are the base and lateral tuberosity of the calcaneus 95 , the heads of the metatarsals 96 , and the base of the fifth metatarsal 97 (and the adjoining cuboid in some individuals). They must be supported both underneath and to the outside edge of the foot for stability.
  • the essential propulsion element is the head of the first distal phalange 98 .
  • FIG. 11 shows that the naturally contoured stability sides need not be used except in the identified essential areas. Weight savings and flexibility improvements can be made by omitting the non-essential stability sides.
  • the design of the portion of the shoe sole directly underneath the foot shown in FIG. 11 allows for unobstructed natural inversion/eversion motion of the calcaneus by providing maximum shoe sole flexibility particularly between the base of the calcaneus 125 (heel) and the metatarsal heads 126 (forefoot) along an axis 120 .
  • An unnatural torsion occurs about that axis if flexibility is insufficient so that a conventional shoe sole interferes with the inversion/eversion motion by restraining it.
  • the object of the design is to allow the relatively more mobile (in inversion and eversion) calcaneus to articulate freely and independently from the relatively more fixed forefoot instead of the fixed or fused structure or lack of stable structure between the two in conventional designs.
  • the forefoot can be subdivided (not shown) into its component essential structural support and propulsion elements, the individual heads of the metatarsal and the heads of the distal phalanges, so that each major articulating joint set of the foot is paralleled by a freely articulating shoe sole support propulsion element, an anthropomorphic design; various aggregations of the subdivision are also possible.
  • the design in FIG. 11 features an enlarged structural support at the base of the fifth metatarsal in order to include the cuboid, which can also come into contact with the ground under arch compression in some individuals.
  • the design can provide general side support in the heel area, as in FIG. 11E or alternatively can carefully orient the stability sides in the heel area to the exact positions of the lateral calcaneal tuberosity 108 and the main base of the calcaneus 109 , as in FIG. 11E′ (showing heel area only of the right foot).
  • FIGS. 11 A-D show frontal plane cross sections of the left shoe and FIG.
  • FIG. 11E shows a bottom view of the right foot, with flexibility axes 120 , 122 , 111 , 112 and 113 indicated.
  • FIG. 11F shows a sagittal plane cross section showing the structural elements joined by very thin and relatively soft upper midsole layer.
  • FIGS. 11G and 11H show similar cross sections with slightly different designs featuring durable fabric only (slip-lasted shoe, or a structurally sound arch design, respectively.
  • FIG. 11I shows a side medial view of the shoe sole.
  • FIG. 11J shows a simple interim or low cost construction for the articulating shoe sole support element 95 for the heel (showing the heel area only of the right foot); while it is most critical and effective for the heel support element 95 , it can also be used with the other elements, such as the base of the fifth metatarsal 97 and the long arch 121 .
  • the heel sole element 95 shown can be a single flexible layer or a lamination of layers. When cut from a flat sheet or molded in the general pattern shown, the outer edges can be easily bent to follow the contours of the foot, particularly the sides. The shape shown allows a flat or slightly contoured heel element 95 to be attached to a highly contoured shoe upper or very thin upper sole layer like that shown in FIG. 11F.
  • the size of the center section 119 can be small to conform to a fully or nearly fully contoured design or larger to conform to a contoured sides design, where there is a large flattened sole area under the heel.
  • the flexibility is provided by the removed diagonal sections, the exact proportion of size and shape can vary.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an expanded explanation of the correct approach for measuring shoe sole thickness according to the naturally contoured design, as described previously in FIGS. 23 and 24 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/239,667 (filed Sep. 2, 1988).
  • the tangent described in those figures would be parallel to the ground when the shoe sole is tilted out sideways, so that measuring shoe sole thickness along the perpendicular will provide the least distance between the point on the upper shoe sole surface closest to the ground and the closest point to it on the lower surface of the shoe sole (assuming no load deformation).
  • FIG. 13 shows a non-optimal but interim or low cost approach to shoe sole construction, whereby the midsole and heel lift 127 are produced conventionally, or nearly so (at least leaving the midsole bottom surface flat, though the sides can be contoured), while the bottom or outer sole 126 includes most or all of the special contours of the new design. Not only would that completely or mostly limit the special contours to the bottom sole, which would be molded specially, it would also ease assembly, since two flat surfaces of the bottom of the midsole and the top of the bottom sole could be mated together with less difficulty than two contoured surfaces, as would be the case otherwise.
  • the advantage of this approach is seen in the naturally contoured design example illustrated in FIG. 13A, which shows some contours on the relatively softer midsole sides, which are subject to less wear but benefit from greater traction for stability and ease of deformation, while the relatively harder contoured bottom sole provides good wear for the load-bearing areas.
  • FIG. 13B shows in a quadrant side design the concept applied to conventional street shoe heels, which are usually separated from the forefoot by a hollow instep area under the main longitudinal arch.
  • FIG. 13C shows in frontal plane cross section the concept applied to the quadrant sided or single plane design and indicating in FIG. 13D in the shaded area 129 of the bottom sole that portion which should be honeycombed (axis on the horizontal plane) to reduce the density of the relatively hard outer sole to that of the midsole material to provide for relatively uniform shoe density.
  • FIG. 13E shows in bottom view the outline of a bottom sole 128 made from flat material which can be conformed topologically to a contoured midsole of either the one or two plane designs by limiting the side areas to be mated to the essential support areas discussed in FIG. 21 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 239,667, filed Sep. 2, 1988; by that method, the contoured midsole and flat bottom sole surfaces can be made to join satisfactorily by coinciding closely, which would be topologically impossible if all of the side areas were retained on the bottom sole.
  • FIGS. 14 A- 14 C frontal plane cross sections, show an enhancement to the previously described embodiments of the shoe sole side stability quadrant invention.
  • one major purpose of that design is to allow the shoe sole to pivot easily from side to side with the foot 90 , thereby following the foot's natural inversion and eversion motion; in conventional designs shown in FIG. 14A, such foot motion is forced to occur within the shoe upper 21 , which resists the motion.
  • the enhancement is to position exactly and stabilize the foot, especially the heel, relative to the preferred embodiment of the shoe sole; doing so facilitates the shoe sole's responsiveness in following the foot's natural motion. Correct positioning is essential to the invention, especially when the very narrow or “hard tissue” definition of heel width is used.
  • the form of the enhancement is inner shoe sole stability sides 131 that follow the natural contour of the sides 91 of the heel of the foot 90 , thereby cupping the heel of the foot.
  • the inner stability sides 131 can be located directly on the top surface of the shoe sole and heel contour, or directly under the shoe insole (or integral to it), or somewhere in between.
  • the inner stability sides are similar in structure to heel cups integrated in insoles currently in common use, but differ because of its material density, which can be relatively firm like the typical mid-sole, not soft like the insole.
  • insoles should be considered structurally and functionally as part of the shoe sole, as should any shoe material between foot and ground, like the bottom of the shoe upper in a slip-lasted shoe or the board in a board-lasted shoe.
  • the inner stability side enhancement is particularly useful in converting existing conventional shoe sole design embodiments 22 , as constructed within prior art, to an effective embodiment of the side stability quadrant 26 invention. This feature is important in constructing prototypes and initial production of the invention, as well as an ongoing method of low cost production, since such production would be very close to existing art.
  • the inner stability sides enhancement is most essential in cupping the sides and back of the heel of the foot and therefore is essential on the upper edge of the heel of the shoe sole 27 , but may also be extended around all or any portion of the remaining shoe sole upper edge.
  • the size of the inner stability sides should, however, taper down in proportion to any reduction in shoe sole thickness in the sagittal plane.
  • FIGS. 15 A- 15 C frontal plane cross sections, illustrate the same inner shoe sole stability sides enhancement as it applies to the previously described embodiments of the naturally contoured sides design.
  • the enhancement positions and stabilizes the foot relative to the shoe sole, and maintains the constant shoe sole thickness (s) of the naturally contoured sides 28 a design, as shown in FIGS. 15B and 15C;
  • FIG. 15A shows a conventional design.
  • the inner shoe sole stability sides 131 conform to the natural contour of the foot sides 29 , which determine the theoretically ideal stability plane 51 for the shoe sole thickness (s).
  • the other features of the enhancement as it applies to the naturally contoured shoe sole sides embodiment 28 are the same as described previously under FIGS. 14 A- 14 C for the side stability quadrant embodiment.
  • both approaches provide a low cost or interim method of adapting existing conventional “flat sheet” shoe manufacturing to the naturally contoured design described in previous figures.

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US09/780,450 1989-08-30 2001-02-12 Shoe sole structure having midsole sides Abandoned US20020007572A1 (en)

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US09/780,450 US20020007572A1 (en) 1989-08-30 2001-02-12 Shoe sole structure having midsole sides

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US40071489A 1989-08-30 1989-08-30
US72988691A 1991-07-11 1991-07-11
US12748793A 1993-09-28 1993-09-28
US08/376,661 US6810606B1 (en) 1988-07-15 1995-01-23 Shoe sole structures incorporating a contoured side
US71095200A 2000-11-14 2000-11-14
US09/780,450 US20020007572A1 (en) 1989-08-30 2001-02-12 Shoe sole structure having midsole sides

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US71095200A Division 1989-08-30 2000-11-14

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US20020007572A1 true US20020007572A1 (en) 2002-01-24

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US (1) US20020007572A1 (de)
EP (1) EP0489858B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3060033B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE161152T1 (de)
AU (1) AU6432390A (de)
DE (1) DE69031835T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0489858T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2113349T3 (de)
WO (1) WO1991003180A1 (de)

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US9030335B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2015-05-12 Frampton E. Ellis Smartphones app-controlled configuration of footwear soles using sensors in the smartphone and the soles
US9877523B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2018-01-30 Frampton E. Ellis Bladders, compartments, chambers or internal sipes controlled by a computer system using big data techniques and a smartphone device
US10226082B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2019-03-12 Frampton E. Ellis Smartphone-controlled active configuration of footwear, including with concavely rounded soles
US20220346497A1 (en) * 2017-05-23 2022-11-03 Nike, Inc. Domed midsole with staged compressive stiffness
US11901072B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2024-02-13 Frampton E. Ellis Big data artificial intelligence computer system used for medical care connected to millions of sensor-equipped smartphones connected to their users' configurable footwear soles with sensors and to body sensors
US11896077B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2024-02-13 Frampton E. Ellis Medical system or tool to counteract the adverse anatomical and medical effects of unnatural supination of the subtalar joint

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US20080049494A1 (en) * 2006-08-22 2008-02-28 Micron Technology, Inc. Reducing effects of program disturb in a memory device
US10172396B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2019-01-08 Frampton E. Ellis Smartphone-controlled active configuration of footwear, including with concavely rounded soles
US10568369B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2020-02-25 Frampton E. Ellis Smartphone-controlled active configuration of footwear, including with concavely rounded soles
US9100495B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2015-08-04 Frampton E. Ellis Footwear sole structures controlled by a web-based cloud computer system using a smartphone device
US9207660B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2015-12-08 Frampton E. Ellis Bladders, compartments, chambers or internal sipes controlled by a web-based cloud computer system using a smartphone device
US9375047B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2016-06-28 Frampton E. Ellis Bladders, compartments, chambers or internal sipes controlled by a web-based cloud computer system using a smartphone device
US9504291B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2016-11-29 Frampton E. Ellis Bladders, compartments, chambers or internal sipes controlled by a web-based cloud computer system using a smartphone device
US9709971B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2017-07-18 Frampton E. Ellis Bladders, compartments, chambers or internal sipes controlled by a web-based cloud computer system using a smartphone device
US9877523B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2018-01-30 Frampton E. Ellis Bladders, compartments, chambers or internal sipes controlled by a computer system using big data techniques and a smartphone device
US10012969B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2018-07-03 Frampton E. Ellis Bladders, compartments, chambers or internal sipes controlled by a web-based cloud computer system using a smartphone device
US9030335B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2015-05-12 Frampton E. Ellis Smartphones app-controlled configuration of footwear soles using sensors in the smartphone and the soles
US9063529B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2015-06-23 Frampton E. Ellis Configurable footwear sole structures controlled by a smartphone app algorithm using sensors in the smartphone and the soles
US11120909B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2021-09-14 Frampton E. Ellis Smartphone-controlled active configuration of footwear, including with concavely rounded soles
US10226082B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2019-03-12 Frampton E. Ellis Smartphone-controlled active configuration of footwear, including with concavely rounded soles
US11432615B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2022-09-06 Frampton E. Ellis Sole or sole insert including concavely rounded portions and flexibility grooves
US12230395B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2025-02-18 Frampton E. Ellis Sensor-equipped smartphone configured for connection to its user's footwear soles with sensors and structures configurable by the smartphone and for connection to a big data artificial intelligence computer system connected to millions of other smartphones controlling users' configurable footwear soles
US11715561B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2023-08-01 Frampton E. Ellis Smartphone-controlled active configuration of footwear, including with concavely rounded soles
US11901072B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2024-02-13 Frampton E. Ellis Big data artificial intelligence computer system used for medical care connected to millions of sensor-equipped smartphones connected to their users' configurable footwear soles with sensors and to body sensors
US11896077B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2024-02-13 Frampton E. Ellis Medical system or tool to counteract the adverse anatomical and medical effects of unnatural supination of the subtalar joint
US12225966B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2025-02-18 Frampton E. Ellis Cloud-based computer system connected to users with smartphones connected to footwear soles and to body sensors, configured to diagnose conditions requiring preventive, corrective or rehabilitative care
US12070098B2 (en) * 2017-05-23 2024-08-27 Nike, Inc. Domed midsole with staged compressive stiffness
US20220346497A1 (en) * 2017-05-23 2022-11-03 Nike, Inc. Domed midsole with staged compressive stiffness

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Publication number Publication date
DE69031835D1 (de) 1998-01-29
JPH04507364A (ja) 1992-12-24
WO1991003180A1 (en) 1991-03-21
DK0489858T3 (da) 1998-08-31
ES2113349T3 (es) 1998-05-01
AU6432390A (en) 1991-04-08
EP0489858B1 (de) 1997-12-17
DE69031835T2 (de) 1998-05-14
EP0489858A1 (de) 1992-06-17
JP3060033B2 (ja) 2000-07-04
ATE161152T1 (de) 1998-01-15

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