US2003282A - Wave translation system - Google Patents

Wave translation system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2003282A
US2003282A US411224A US41122429A US2003282A US 2003282 A US2003282 A US 2003282A US 411224 A US411224 A US 411224A US 41122429 A US41122429 A US 41122429A US 2003282 A US2003282 A US 2003282A
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waves
tube
distortion
circuit
fundamental
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Harold S Black
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AT&T Inc
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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Priority to GB22476/29A priority Critical patent/GB317005A/en
Priority to FR680681D priority patent/FR680681A/fr
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US411223A priority patent/US2102670A/en
Priority to US411224A priority patent/US2003282A/en
Priority to GB2894/31A priority patent/GB371887A/en
Priority to FR39849D priority patent/FR39849E/fr
Priority to FR40125D priority patent/FR40125E/fr
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Publication of US2003282A publication Critical patent/US2003282A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02—Details
    • H04B3/04—Control of transmission; Equalising
    • H04B3/06—Control of transmission; Equalising by the transmitted signal
    • H04B3/08—Control of transmission; Equalising by the transmitted signal in negative-feedback path of line amplifier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/34—Negative-feedback-circuit arrangements with or without positive feedback
    • H03F1/36—Negative-feedback-circuit arrangements with or without positive feedback in discharge-tube amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
    • H03G9/00—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control
    • H03G9/02—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control in untuned amplifiers
    • H03G9/04—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control in untuned amplifiers having discharge tubes
    • H03G9/06—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control in untuned amplifiers having discharge tubes for gain control and tone control
    • H03G9/08—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control in untuned amplifiers having discharge tubes for gain control and tone control incorporating negative feedback

Definitions

  • This invention relates to wave translation systems, as for example systems for amplifying electrical variations with the aid of electric space discharge devices.
  • gain may become so low that further increase of input amplitude or decrease of output impedance produces no further increase of power output.
  • amplifiers for example, are voice frequency telephone repeaters, carrier frequency amplifiers common to a plurality of signaling channels in carrier wave multiplex signaling systems, amplifiers for public address systems, amplifiers for reproducing music from records, power amplifiers used as transmitting or sending amplifiers in radio or wire transmission systems, amplifiers for operating loud speaking receivers for radio sets or the like, and sending amplifiers for high quality broadcastingtransmitters.
  • the design limitations for vacuum tubes of the types commonly employed are such that the highest output power capacity of the tube is obtained only at a sacrifice of maximum gar obtainable, or of operating efliciency, or of bo
  • the tendency of the amplifier to modulate a wave of one frequency by a wave of another frequency increases greatly with increase in the output power, and there results therefore a very large increase in crosstalk and interference between the various channels, ⁇ this increase being more serious the larger the number of channels.
  • vacuum tube amplifier systems a major problem in devising vacuum tube systems, as for example vacuum tube amplifier systems, is the securing of high output of power without attendant disadvantages, as for example without increase of first cost or decrease of operating efficiency of the systems, and especially in the case of vacuum tube amplifiers and repeaters, without sacrifice of quality of signal reproduction.
  • Representative objects of the inventionvare (1) economically to increase the load carrying capacity of wave translation systems, as for example, systems for amplifying electrical variations with the aid of electric space discharge devices, (2) to control modulation in such systems, (3) to amplify waves without modulation or other distortion, (4) to facilitate the handling of large loads by electric space discharge devices, and 5) to stabilize the functioning of systems comprising electric space discharge tubes, as for example to prevent variations of tubes or power from affecting gain.
  • the invention is a signal wave amplifying systeml of a type claimed in my copending application Serial No. 606,871, filed April 22, 1932, for Wave translation systems.
  • fundamental or applied components and distortion components produced in an amplifying device as for example a vacuum tube amplifier'circuit, are so fed back as to reduce the magnitude of distortion components of both odd and even orders in the output circuit of the device for a given power output of fundamental and stabilize the gain and increase the load carrying capacity' of the system.
  • the 5 present invention is also a system of a type claimed in my copending application Serial No. 411,223, flledDecember 23, 1929, for Wave translation systems.
  • a system of that type comprising an amplifying device, in obtaining reduction of distortion, increase of gain stability and high load capacity, undesired reduction in the gain of the system is avoided by isolating the distortion components from the fundamental components and feeding back only the distortion components when the gain of the device has no tendency to depart from a normal or prescribed value, and, when such tendency exists, so controlling feedback of fundamental components as to cause reduction or prevention of departure of the gain f the system from its normal or prescribed value.
  • the present invention is asystem of such type in which the isolated distortion components ⁇ are so fed back that they are treated by the system the same as fundamental components applied to the system and consequently their feedback does not cause alteration of the value of the isolated distortion components.
  • the isolated distortion components ⁇ are so fed back that they are treated by the system the same as fundamental components applied to the system and consequently their feedback does not cause alteration of the value of the isolated distortion components.
  • they have been fed back they proceed through the system to the place of origin of the distortion components in the. system and arrive at that place with their amplitude and phase substantially equal and opposite, respectively, to the original amplitude and phase of theS distortion components, and
  • Figs. 1 and 2 ofthe drawings are circuit diagrams for facilitating explanation of the inven- 5 tion;
  • Fig. 3 shows a feed-back amplifier embodying one form of the invention;
  • Figs. 3A, 3B and 3C are diagrams, and Fig. 3D a set of curves for facilitating explanation of the operation of the amplifier of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 3E shows a modification 0 of the amplifier of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 4 shows a feedback amplifier embodying another form of the invention;
  • Fig. 4A is a simplified circuit diagram of the amplifier of Fig. 4, for facilitating explanation of the operation of that amplifier;
  • Fig. 5 shows amodified form of the amplifier of Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 shows a modified form of the amplifier of Fig. 5; and
  • Figs. 7 and 8 show curves for facilitating explanation of the action ⁇ of a system of the type of that shown in Fig. 5.
  • the driving voltage in the plate circuit of an amplifier is out of phase with the grid voltage which produces it.
  • a feed-back amplifier it is desirable that there be available a voltage which is directly proportional to, and in phase with, the driving voltage in the plate circuit, and which is 4independent of the impedance of the work circuit. It will be seen from Fig. l and the derivation below, that the voltage Ae which is the drop across resistances KR and KRO, fulfills these three conditions.
  • RO is a resistance, (for example, the resistance of the space' discharge path between the plate and the filament of a three electrode voltage e produced in the discharge path by the
  • the circuit of Fig. 2 is like that of Fig. l, except that a resistance R, is bridged across KRO and KR.
  • the current components flowing in the various parts of the circuit of Fig. 2 are indicated by the arrows and their accompanying letters i f Fig. 3 shows one way in which this voltage may be utilized.
  • a three-electrode, electric space discharge amplifying device I has an anode-cathode space-discharge path of resistance RO.
  • the platefilament resistance RO is the reciprocal of the slope of the static characteristic of plate current versus plate voltage of the discharge device at the so called operating point, as explained in the following articles by John R. Carson in the Profr ceedings of the 'Institute of Radio Engineers:
  • the impedance Z- is the primary-to-secondary impedance of'output transformer 2 which, together with circuit 3 connected to the secondary winding of the transformer, forms the load or work circuit for the device I.
  • An input transformer 4 impresses waves from circuit 6 upon the grid of the device I. These waves may be, for example, voice waves, or voice modulated carrier waves for transmissionover carrier wave wire transmission systems or to radio transmitting antennae or waves received over such systems.
  • 'I'he usual plate,.illament, and grid batteries are shown at 6, 1 and 8.
  • V there' is some voltage V, from grid to filament. Due to V, there will be a driving voltage aV in the plate circuit, with relative polarity as shown by the plus and minus signs. The presence of this voltage is indicated in Fig. 3A by generator. MV.
  • V1, V2 and l follow directly from the configuration of the specic circuit shown, but, though'special to that particular configuration, are given in order to present a concrete illustration of the significance of V1, V2 and ,61.
  • V V1+V2
  • V V1p1V l IF-(141031) That is, the voltage in the grid circuit (and hence the current in the output impedance Z) is reduced from what it would be if there were no feedback action, and the impedance relations were the same, by a factor l't-Mi It will now be shown that any distortion (as for example modulation product) produced in the tube is also reduced by the same factor.
  • any primary distortionV voltage produced in the tube be represented as a driving voltage ne, in the plate circuit.
  • the voltage drop between the grid and thelament, resulting from the distortion produced i'n the tube be Vo.
  • t effective voltage on the grid is increased.
  • variations in Rc are stabilized.
  • the curves of Fig. 3D which are plotted from observed data, show that by the feed-back action the load carrying capacity of the amplifier is substantially increased, the variation of gain with load is reduced, and the ratio of the power output of second harmonic to the power output of fundamental is improved or decreased about l2 decibels.
  • the curves for operation without feedback are for operation with the right hand side of condenser 9 disconnected from the junction of R and KR and connectedv instead to ground through an impedance (not shown) equal to the impedance with which the feed-back diagonal of the Wheatstone bridge in Fig. 3 is faced by the remainder of the bridge (i. e., equal to the combined resistance of two paths in parallel, one through KR and KRO in series and the other through R and Ro in series).
  • the curves for operation without feedback are for operation with the external grid-to-filament impedance and the external plate-to-filament impedance for the tube the same as in operation with feedback.
  • the circuit of Fig. 3 can be modified to comprise a plurality of tubes ⁇ connected in cascade, in which ease: a represents the total amplification from a voltage across the grid of the first tube to a. driving voltage in the plate of the last tube.
  • Fig. 3E shows one such modified circuit, with tandem connected tubes la, Ib and Ic replacing the tube l of Fig. 3. If the number of tubes be even instead of odd. then an odd number of phase reversals in addition to those produced by the tubes themselves should be produced, as for example by the introduction of an interstage or other transformer with its windings poled to reverse the phase -of waves passing through the transformer.
  • Fig. 4 shows a feed-back amplifier system comprising three vacuum tubes la, ib and Ic connected in tandem. Connected in seriesyacross the grid and filament of tube la, are a resistance i5 and the secondary winding of input transformer 4 which connects circuit 5 with the am' plier.
  • the resistance I5 is sufllciently great to make the impedance of this resistance and the secondary-to-primary impedance of the transformer in series substantially a pure resistance RT.
  • the tube ic is connected to the load or work circuit Z, as in the case of the tube I of Fig. 8 and the tube ic of Fig. 3E. As appears clearly from Fig.
  • the impedance Z forms the outputl diagonal of the balanced Wheatstone bridge the ratio arms of which are R0, KRO, KR and R.
  • the feed-back diagonal of the bridge are a blocking condenser 9, a resistance RA and the resistance RT in series with each other and in ⁇ parallel with a circuit comprising a blocking condenser 9', resistance as, a blocking condenser i6, and the plate-to-lament space path resistance R01 of tube lb in series.
  • the admittance of the space current supply path, through battery 6b and choke coil I1, which path is connected across Rui is negligibly small for the frequencies to be ampliiled.
  • Bo also is the admittance of resistance i8 which is connected across the feed-back diagonal of the bridge. Biasing potential from battery 8c is applied to the grid of tube Ic through resistances I8 and :c in series.
  • the distortion voltage acting in the plate circuit of the last tube be an@ after its reduction caused by feed-back in the last tube as explained in the case of the tube of Fig. 3 but before any reduction due to feed-back from the last tube to the first tube as about to be explained.
  • There will be some distortion voltage Vo impressed on the grid of the first tube as a result of the distortion produced in the last tube and Vo sets up a driving voltage /nVn that may be represented as a generator lnVo in the plate-to-filament space path of the second tube.
  • This impresses a voltage tVo on the grid of the last tube, which sets up a driving distortion voltage #utVo that may be represented as a generator potVo in the plate-to-iilament space path of the last tube.
  • V0 Since has been given such a value that the contribution of any voltage acting in series with Roi to V3 is zero, V0 is dependent solely on 09.
  • nrw driving distortion voltage (no6-naive) is equal to the old driving distortion voltage #00, multiplied by a factor (1- /.io2t).
  • the amount of improvement in distortion in this circuit depends on the accuracy with which the circuit elements are adjusted in such a way that any distortion component fed back from the plate-filament space path of the last stage to the iirst stage, and amplified through the tubes again returns to the plate-iilament space path of the last stage with its original amplitude but with its phase shifted 186.
  • This operation of this circuit differs from that of Fig. 3 and Fig. 3E, in that the improvement in crosstalk in those circuits is obtained by continued regeneration of the distortion voltage, instead of by the balancing operation described above. In those circuit it is neither necessary nor probable that the voltage fed around the circuit will be equal to that originally present.
  • the operation just mentioned in the circuit of Fig. 4 may be considered a single regeneration, with the voltage being fed around the circuit once, and coming back in opposite phase to that originally present.
  • the amplied, isolated distortion components fed to the input circuit of the tube lc do not cause the magnitude of the isolated distortion components (appearing across the input diagonal of the bridge) to be altered, whereas in Figs. 3 and 3E the distortion components fed back to the grid of the last tube cause reduction of the magnitude of the distortion components (that appear across the feed-back diagonal of the bridge).
  • Fig. 5 shows a three-stage feed-back ampliiier system similar to that of Fig. 4, but modified n in that instead of feeding the isolated distortion components (obtained across the feed-back diagonal of the Wheatstone bridge) back to the grid of the first stage or tube la and amplifying the distortion components and the signal components together in that tube before passing them on to the grid of tube Ib, those isolated distortion components are amplified separately from the signal, in an amplieryshown as comprising a single tube id (through which the signal components do not pass), and are then fed back to the grid of tube Ib.
  • the amplification of the isolated distortion components can be controlled :lndei,
  • phase reversing amplifying stages or other phase reversing means in the path through which the distortion components are passed in their transmission from the feed-back diagonal of the bridge to the grid of tube ic should -be even.
  • the number of phase reversing means or stages (such for example' as that comprising tube ib) in which the signal components and the distortion components are amplified alike should be odd or even according to whetheran odd or an even number of phase reversing means or stages (such as that comprising the tube id) are used in which the signal is not ampliiied as the distortion componentsare.
  • Fig. 5 the space current for tube lc is supplied rom battery 6c through a chokeL coil 20 of negligibly low admittance for the frequencies of the waves to be amplified, the current returning to battery 6c through resistance KRo.
  • Condensers il, i2, i3 and i4 as Well as condensers e, s and i6, are stopping or blocking condensers which have negligibly low reactance at the frequencies to be amplified.
  • the resistance KRO may be adjustable, as shown,
  • the adjustment of KRq can be made to correct unbalance resulting from variations in plate impedance of tube lc caused for example by variations in the power supply voltages for the tube or by substitution of one tube for another.
  • the impedance of the feed-back diagonal of the bridge can be adjusted by a Variable resistance 25 connected in parallel with a path comprising condenser 9', resistance :i: (shown adjustable), and plate-to-filament space path resistance Rc1 of tube ib in. series.
  • a path, of vnegligibly low admittance at the frequencies of the Waves to ⁇ be am# pliiied extending through stopping condenser 9, input or coupling resistance RT for tube Id, and grid biasing battery 8d for that tube, in series.
  • Roi is a path through choke coil i1 and battery 6b in series, and also a path through grid biasing battery 8c and inputor coupling resistance i8"for tube lc.
  • the two latter paths are of negligibly low admittance at the frequencies of the waves that are to be amplified.
  • the magnitude of the combined resistance of these two paths and the space path of tube Ib may be used as the magnitude Roi in the formulae above.
  • the resistance RT in Fig. 5 corresponds to the resistance RT in Figs. 4 and 4A and receives the voltage Vo indicated in Fig. 4A. In Fig. 5 there is no resistance corresponding to the resistance RA in Figs. 4 and 4A; or in other words the resistance RA is zero for Fig. 5.
  • the battery 6b supplies space current for tube 1d through choke coil 26. Tube 'ld feeds back to the grid of tube lb through condensersI 3
  • Fig. 5 just ⁇ .asexplained above for the case of impresses the voltage tVg on the grid ofthe last tube le, which sets up l the driving distortion voltage autVo inthe plateizo-filament space path of tube Ic.
  • the resistance :r has such a value vthat the contribution of any voltage acting in series with R01 to thev voltage V3 across the feedback diagonal of the bridge is zero, so that Vn is dependent ⁇ solely on ps9, the original distortion voltage in the plateo-filament space path of tube lc.
  • Asecond bridge circuit is formed, with a ratio arm constituted by the network that faces the output diagonal of the first bridge. In this arm, therefore, is a voltage proportional to the residue of distortion remaining after the rst balancing.
  • the fundamental or original transmitted wave components are also present in this arm.
  • the other three ratio arms of the second bridge are KR'u, KR', and R', corresponding respectively to the ratio arms KRO, KR, and R of the rst bridge.
  • the output or work circuit diagonal of the second bridge is the condenser H and the primary-to-secondary impedance of amplifier output transformer 2 in series.
  • the resistance corresponds in function to resistance and is of such magnitude that the voltage of the fundamental or original transmitted wave components across Roi and .'r in series (i. e., across the feed-back diagonal of the second bridge) is zero.
  • the primary winding of a transformer 35 which is connected across the feed-back diagonal of the second bridge, receives only a voltage proportional to the residue of distortion just mentioned.
  • This voltage is amplified in amplifier d and the amplied voltage is fed through resistance 33 and condenser 3l to the grid or input circuit of tube lb. It is apparent that the residue of distortion just mentioned is isolated from the fundamental components and fed back in the same fashion as the first process. Thus the distortion is again improved by approximately the same ratio as before.
  • the elements 0", l2', i3', 25', 26', 3l', 33' and l 'd are similar in structure and function to the elements 9', l2, i3, 25, 25, 3l, 33 and ld, respectively, and the primary-to-secondary impedance RT of transformer 35 is connected across the feed-back diagonal of the second bridge as the impedance RT is connected across the feedback diagonal of the first bridge.
  • Fig. 7 is a set of curves plotted from observed data, showing the output of second and third harmonics as functions of output of the fundamental or original transmitted current', for a system of the type of that shown in Fig. 5.
  • the curve for the second harmonic taken with regeneration shows that with an output of fundamental up to 30 milliamperes into an impedance of 600 ohms, the power level of the output of second harmonic is 90 decibels below the power level of the output of fundamental. This means that the fundamental power is about 900,000,000 times as great as the power of the second harmonic, and that the current ratio of fundamental 4)to second harmonic is about 30,000.
  • the curve for the second harmonic taken without feedback shows that up to 30 milliamperes output of fundamental the output of second harmonic is only about 30 db.
  • the power output of fundamental is only about 900 times as great as the power outtimes as when feedback is employed.
  • the curve for the second harmonic for operation with feedback is still well above the curve for the second harmonic ,for operation with# out feedback.l
  • the curves for the third harmonic taken with and without feedback show great reduction of the ratio of that harmonic to the fundamental, as a result of the feedback.
  • the curves for both harmonics for operation without feedback are for operation corresponding to operation of the circuit of Fig. 5 with the right hand side of condenser 3
  • Fig. 8 is a set of curves plotted from observed data, showing the overall gain as a function of current output into a 600 ohm resistance, for the fundamental, in a specific system of the type of that shown in Fig. 5. Below about 30 milliamperes of output current the solid li-ne curve, which is for operation with feedback, substantially coincides with the dotted line curve, which is for operation Without feedback. This is in marked contrast to the gain-load curves of Fig. 3D for the circuit of Fig. 3, inasmuch as the feedback in the latter circuit lowers the gain. In Fig.
  • the invention increases the load carrying capacity of electric space discharge tubes (l) not only by attaining an increase in load capacity of very great importance by suppression of distortion components of frequencies other than the fundamental frequencies and thereby permitting the tubes to operate over a larger range of their grid-voltage plate-current characteristics but also (2) by attaining a seco-nd increase of very great importance in the load capacity by feedback of fundamental waves in such a way as to control gain in a desired manner, as for example, to prevent undesired lowering of gain, for the fundamental waves.
  • the invention provides means for correcting for distortion caused by improper degree of amplification of fundamental waves, as for example caused by amplification of a fundamental wave of a given frequency different amounts for different input amplitudes, or as for example caused b v amplification of two Waves of respectively different fundamental frequencies, different amounts, respectively. If in Fig.
  • a wave of a given fundamental 'frequency is amplified in tube Ic (or the circuits associated with the tube) to a degree less than, say, the normal amplification for the tube (and the associated circuits) then for that frequency the feed-back voltage, or regenerated voltage across the feed-back diagonal of the bridge tends to be lower than normal, i. e., less than the fundamental which is applied there from circuit through Roi and m.
  • the tendency toward lower than normal gain of the system for the fundamental wave of the given frequency is checked.
  • the feed-back voltage tends to be higher than the .voltage of that frequency which is applied across the feed-back diagonal by circuit 5 through R01 and 3:; and as a result the tendency toward higher than normal gain of the system for the fundamental wave of the given frequency is checked.
  • the system compensates for too low or too high gain for fundamental waves, at the same time that it suppresses components of frequencies other than fundamental frequencies.
  • the impedance Zn includes the tube internal plate-tofilament capacity.
  • the platefllament capacity is so small that its reactance at frequencies of the order of those of the Waves to be amplified is so great compared to the impedance Ro as to be negligible.
  • wave translating apparatus means for deriving waves from waves produced in said apparatus, and means capable of transmitting waves of the frequency of said produced waves, for impressing the derived waves on the input side of said apparatus without thereby altering the intensity of the derived waves.
  • wave translating apparatus means for supplying to said apparatus waves producing modulation in said apparatus, means for deriving waves from the modulation components, and means for impressing the derived waves on the input side of said apparatus without thereby causing alteration of the intensity of the derived waves.
  • a system comprising a wave translating device that'generates distortion components in response to application of waves to the input circuit of said device and that reverses the phase of waves transmitted through said device, means for deriving from said distortion components waves of frequencies exclusive of waves produced without frequency change by the applied waves, and amplifying means for amplifying the derived waves and impressing them on the input circuit of said device, in the same phase in which they are originally generated, Without altering the intensity of the derived waves.
  • a system comprising a plural odd number of stages of electric space discharge devices, means for balancing waves produced by the last one of said stages in response to waves of other frequencies against said waves of other frequencies, and means for feeding waves remaining after said balancing operation back to the first of said stages without thereby causing alteration of the magnitude of the latter waves.
  • a wave translating system comprising two electric space discharge devices, means for supplying Waves from the output circuit of one of said devices to the input circuit of the other of said devices, and means for reducing harmonic waves generated in said other device in response to said waves to such a value that they are balanced out by harmonic waves of like order originated in said one device.
  • a system comprising a plurality of stages of electric space discharge devices, means for balancing waves produced by one of said stages in response to other waves against said other waves at the input of said stage, and means for feeding waves remaining after said balancing operation back to another of said stages preceding said one stage without thereby causing alteration of the magnitude of the latter waves.
  • the method which comprises so operating upon fundamental waves as to produce a resulting wave containing fundamental components of the frequencies of said fundamental waves and modulation products different from said funda- 'mental components, isolating said modulation products from said fundamental components by obtaining said fundamental waves at a point where they are undistorted and balancing said fundamental waves so obtained exclusive of other waves against said fundamental components inv said resulting wave, and transmitting said modulation products to said point and so regenerating said modulation products that they reappear at their place of origin with their phase reversed.
  • the method which comprises so operating upon fundamental waves as to produce a resulting wave containing fundamental components of the frequencies of said fundamental waves and modulation products different from said fundamental components, isolating said modulation products frorn said fundamental components by balancing said fundamental waves exclusive of other waves against said fundamental components in said resulting wave, and so regenerating said modulation products, without thereby altering the magnitude of the isolated modulation products, that the modulation products reappear at their place of origin with their original magnitude but in reversed phase.
  • Signaling apparatus comprising a wave translating device, means for transmitting fundamental waves to said device which produce therein a resulting wave containing fundamental components that have the same frequencies as said fundamental waves and distortion products differing from said fundamental components, means for deriving from a portion of said apparatus said fundamental waves exclusive of other waves and so opposing said derived waves to said fundamental components in said resulting wave as to isolate said distortion products, and means for feeding said distortion products back to said portion of said apparatus and so regenerating said distortion products in'said device that they reappear at their place of origin in reversed phase.
  • Signaling apparatus comprising an amplier, means for transmitting fundamental waves to said amplier which produce therein a resulting wave containing fundamental components that have the same frequencies as said fundamental waves and incidental distortion products differing from said fundamental components, means for so opposing said fundamental waves exclusive to other waves to said fundamental components in said resulting wave as to isolate said distortion products, and means for so regenerating saiddistortion products in said amplifier, without thereby altering the magnitude of the isolated distortion products, that the distortion products reappear at their place of origin with their original magnitude but with their phase reversed.
  • the method which comprises so operating upon fundamental waves as to produce a resulting wave containing fundamental components of the frequencies of said fundamental waves and distortion products different from said fundamentalcomponents, isolating said distortion products from said fundamental components by balancing said fundamental waves exclusive of other waves against said fundamental components in said resulting wave, amplifying said isolated distortion components in their isolated state, and thereafter so regenerating them, without thereby altering the magnitude of the isolated distortion components, that the distortion components reappear at their place of origin in their original magnitude but in reversed phase.
  • a circuit comprising a wave translating device, means for transmitting to said device fundamental waves which produce distortion components in said device, a wave transmission path for transmitting the fundamental waves from a point in said circuit anterior to said device substantially without distortion and opposing the waves so transmitted against waves transmitted through said device, said path having such transmission eiflciency and phase shift that the fundamental waves transmitted therethrough neu.
  • a circuit comprising a vacuum tube device.
  • the method of operating upon a. wave which comprises so amplifying the wave as to produce fundamental and distortion components, isolating the distortion components from the fundamentalcomponents, so regenerating the distortion components as to avoid altering the magnitude of the isolated distortion components but to balance the regenerated distortion components against the original distortion components to obtain their difference as relatively small resultant distortion components, deriving from said resultant components distortion components of reversed phase and substantially the same magnitude, and balancing said components of reversed phase against said resultant components.
  • wave translating apparatus means for deriving waves from waves produced in said apparatus and including compoy 17.
  • a wave translating system comprising two wave paths in parallel, vacuum tube apparatus in at least one of said paths, the respective numbers of vacuum tube stages in the two paths diifering by an odd number, and means for applying waves from the output of one of said paths to their input.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
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US411224A 1928-08-08 1929-12-03 Wave translation system Expired - Lifetime US2003282A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB22476/29A GB317005A (en) 1928-08-08 1929-07-22 Electric signal wave amplifying and translation systems
FR680681D FR680681A (fr) 1928-08-08 1929-08-05 Systèmes translateurs et amplificateurs d'ondes électriques de signalisation
US411223A US2102670A (en) 1928-08-08 1929-12-03 Wave translation system
US411224A US2003282A (en) 1928-08-08 1929-12-03 Wave translation system
GB2894/31A GB371887A (en) 1928-08-08 1931-01-29 Improvements in vacuum tube amplifiers
FR39849D FR39849E (fr) 1928-08-08 1931-03-09 Systèmes translateurs et amplificateurs d'ondes électriques de signalisation
FR40125D FR40125E (fr) 1928-08-08 1931-03-11 Systèmes translateurs et amplificateurs d'ondes électriques de signalisation

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29815528A 1928-08-08 1928-08-08
US411224A US2003282A (en) 1928-08-08 1929-12-03 Wave translation system
US39849XA 1930-03-26 1930-03-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2003282A true US2003282A (en) 1935-06-04

Family

ID=31950471

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US411224A Expired - Lifetime US2003282A (en) 1928-08-08 1929-12-03 Wave translation system

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2003282A (fr)
FR (2) FR680681A (fr)
GB (2) GB317005A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2542087A (en) * 1947-02-15 1951-02-20 Rca Corp Neutralization of amplifiers
DE878383C (de) * 1936-12-05 1953-06-01 Western Electric Co Verstaerkeranordnung
US2663766A (en) * 1950-06-28 1953-12-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Transistor amplifier with conjugate input and output circuits

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB441626A (en) * 1933-12-21 1936-01-23 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in vacuum tube amplifiers
DE860226C (de) * 1934-12-09 1952-12-18 Siemens Ag Kaskadenverstaerker mit negativer Rueckkopplung
DE905746C (de) * 1935-06-18 1954-03-04 Siemens Ag Mehrstufige Verstaerkerschaltung mit negativer Rueckkopplung
GB479113A (en) * 1936-04-29 1938-01-31 Alan Dower Blumlein Improvements in or relating to thermionic valve circuits particularly for use in television
DE914261C (de) * 1936-12-05 1954-06-28 Western Electric Co Schaltung fuer die Schaffung einer Impedanz vorbestimmter Groesse
DE767483C (de) * 1937-04-29 1952-08-28 Siemens & Halske A G Hochfrequenzverstaerkungsanlage
DE744697C (de) * 1938-04-27 1944-06-10 Opta Radio Ag Schaltungsanordnung zur Entzerrung des Frequenzganges einer gittergesteuerten Roehre
BE434920A (fr) * 1938-07-05

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE878383C (de) * 1936-12-05 1953-06-01 Western Electric Co Verstaerkeranordnung
US2542087A (en) * 1947-02-15 1951-02-20 Rca Corp Neutralization of amplifiers
US2663766A (en) * 1950-06-28 1953-12-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Transistor amplifier with conjugate input and output circuits

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR39849E (fr) 1932-03-18
GB317005A (en) 1930-10-22
FR680681A (fr) 1930-05-05
GB371887A (en) 1932-04-29

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