US20040111071A1 - Portable device for dispensing hand treatments - Google Patents

Portable device for dispensing hand treatments Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040111071A1
US20040111071A1 US10/314,825 US31482502A US2004111071A1 US 20040111071 A1 US20040111071 A1 US 20040111071A1 US 31482502 A US31482502 A US 31482502A US 2004111071 A1 US2004111071 A1 US 2004111071A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
dispenser
hand
recited
user
treatment material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/314,825
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English (en)
Inventor
Jeffrey Lewis Powers
Dennis Willard Davis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
POWERS JEFFREY L
PURGO CREATIONS Inc A MICHIGAN Corp
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US10/314,825 priority Critical patent/US20040111071A1/en
Priority to US10/729,757 priority patent/US7135011B2/en
Priority to PCT/US2003/039048 priority patent/WO2004052425A2/fr
Assigned to POWERS, JEFFREY L. reassignment POWERS, JEFFREY L. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DAVIS, DENNIS W.
Assigned to POWERS, JEFFREY L. reassignment POWERS, JEFFREY L. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STENZ, JAMES, THIMM, DAVID
Assigned to PURGO CREATIONS, INC., A MICHIGAN CORPORATION reassignment PURGO CREATIONS, INC., A MICHIGAN CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: POWERS, JEFFREY LEWIS
Publication of US20040111071A1 publication Critical patent/US20040111071A1/en
Priority to US10/915,720 priority patent/US7316332B2/en
Priority to US11/543,537 priority patent/US20070088298A1/en
Priority to US11/983,202 priority patent/US20080067193A1/en
Priority to US12/006,511 priority patent/US8286834B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D34/00—Containers or accessories specially adapted for handling liquid toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. perfumes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR, e.g. TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K5/00—Holders or dispensers for soap, toothpaste or the like
    • A47K5/06—Dispensers for soap
    • A47K5/12—Dispensers for soap for liquid or pasty soap
    • A47K5/122—Dispensers for soap for liquid or pasty soap using squeeze bottles or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M35/00—Devices for applying media, e.g. remedies, on the human body
    • A61M35/003—Portable hand-held applicators having means for dispensing or spreading integral media
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45F—TRAVELLING OR CAMP EQUIPMENT: SACKS OR PACKS CARRIED ON THE BODY
    • A45F3/00—Travelling or camp articles; Sacks or packs carried on the body
    • A45F2003/006—Sacks or packs carried on the body by means of straps passing around an arm or a leg
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45F—TRAVELLING OR CAMP EQUIPMENT: SACKS OR PACKS CARRIED ON THE BODY
    • A45F5/00—Holders or carriers for hand articles; Holders or carriers for use while travelling or camping
    • A45F2005/008—Hand articles fastened to the wrist or to the arm or to the leg

Definitions

  • ethyl alcohol is a most effective antiseptic for gram-negative pathogens; it is of low viscosity, easily dispensed from a portable container, and does not require the use of a material wipe or cloth because of the speed of its evaporation. Further, an adequate dose for sanitizing the hands comprises but a few drops of this antiseptic. To prevent chafing, glycerin can be added to the alcohol without levels of viscosity increase that would be deleterious to the dispensing process.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,371,946 discloses a dispensing tube that drips liquid onto the hand.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,053,898 discloses a tube-fed finger dispenser.
  • a body worn dispenser of form factor similar to a pager is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,927,548.
  • a wrist-mounted dispenser that achieves dispensing directly to the hand with a simple hand action is another advantage of the present invention. This would be especially useful to nurses and doctors in busy hospital settings, as well as to allied health care workers who cannot take time to repeatedly wash their hands with soap and water.
  • the device can dispense hundreds of doses of disinfectant before requiring refill or disposal. It can be used at any orientation of the arm and will avoid leakage when not actuated. In an advanced embodiment, very light compression of the device with one or more fingers of the alternate hand will generate a pressurized jet of disinfectant that is easily captured by the target hand.
  • the dispensing device can be fabricated from pliable plastic and can be disposable. Other embodiments of the invention include actuation means on the top side of the wrist, adjustable nozzles, and pressurized and electromechanical actuation.
  • FIG. 1 a is a pictorial diagram of a dispenser mounted on the underside of the wrist.
  • FIG. 2 is a pictorial diagram of a dispenser embodiment featuring actuation from the top of the wrist.
  • FIG. 3 a is a pictorial diagram of a dispenser and wrist attachment means.
  • FIG. 3 c is a pictorial view of snap attachment means.
  • FIG. 4 d is a pictorial view of the hidden components of the nozzle assembly of the pressure-multiplying squeeze dispenser.
  • FIG. 5 is a pictorial view of wrist motion actuation of a plunger-based dispenser.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a prior art plunger.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an adjustable nozzle.
  • FIG. 9 is a pictorial view of a dispenser with a flow adjusting nozzle.
  • Working fluid refers to the fluid which transfers manual pressure to the material to be dispensed. Such transfer of pressure can occur in one or multiple stages and typical working fluids include air contained in a squeeze bottle as well as liquid versions of the hand treatment material itself.
  • the present invention is useful for dispensing either hand lotions such as moisturizers or disinfectants; even powders can be dispensed in powder-aerosol form.
  • hand lotions such as moisturizers or disinfectants
  • powders can be dispensed in powder-aerosol form.
  • active ingredient in hand antiseptics such as Purel is ethyl alcohol.
  • ethyl alcohol This is fortuitous because it is a relatively non-toxic liquid that exhibits low viscosity over the temperature range of interest for this application. This makes delivery of a directed stream of fluid relatively easy.
  • alcohol gels are useful in that they do not run and although they will require more force to dispense than liquid, such higher viscosity disinfectant or moisturizing formulations can be accommodated in differing embodiments of the present invention.
  • a means of dispensing hand cleaning dosages is a device that attaches to the underside of the forearm and can be worn unobtrusively underneath a long-sleeved shirt. If only a long-sleeved shirt is worn as opposed to a jacket, the device would need to be conformal in nature and better match the shape of the arm or be of sufficiently low profile.
  • a bladder reservoir expels fluid upon application to the bladder itself.
  • a syringe-type plunger causes the fluid in a reservoir to be expelled upon application of force to the plunger.
  • Spray or squirting mechanisms analogous to squirt guns use a more specialized plunger mechanism and include a nozzle.
  • a drip system would rely on gravity feeding of the liquid through an orifice for delivery to the hand.
  • More elaborate schemes include use of a prime mover such as a miniature electrical actuator or pump.
  • FIGS. 1 a and 1 b The simplest reduction to practice would be a low profile bladder mounted on the underside of a given arm that is squeezed by the hand of the alternate arm so that a stream of hand treatment material is dispensed. This is depicted in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b . Shown is a thin bladder 1 mounted on the underside of the wrist by means of some form of wristband 3 . The device is shown to have a nozzle assembly 5 and, optionally, a capped refill aperture 7 . A finger depression area 9 is highlighted. Alternatively, the wristband itself can be part of the dispenser as shown in FIG. 2. A working fluid whether air or liquid can fill a portion or all of the wristband 13 .
  • FIG. 3 a A three-dimensional depiction of the dispensing bladder is provided in FIG. 3 a .
  • the bladder 21 can be formed from soft, pliable plastic such as polyethylene or other plastic not attacked by the chemical constituents of the hand treatment.
  • a nozzle assembly 23 is shown with a centrally-located nozzle aperture 25 .
  • the bladder 21 can be made integral with wristband 19 or as shown in FIGS. 3 b and 3 c , made attachable to the wristband. In FIG.
  • FIG. 3 b the bladder 21 is shown attachable to the wristband 19 by Velcro component strips 31 and 33 .
  • FIG. 3 c depicts the use of snap elements 35 on the wristband 19 that mate with snap element counterparts on the side of the bladder. Another approach is to use clips that would attach to a wristwatch band.
  • FIG. 4 a is cross-sectional view of a simple embodiment comprising a squeeze bottle 36 .
  • a squeeze bottle 36 Internal to the squeeze bottle 36 are shown an air volume 37 and a hand treatment material-filled pliable bladder 38 .
  • the pressure of air volume 37 is conveyed to filled bladder 38 so that hand treatment material is ejected from check valve-controlled channel 39 .
  • the check valve in this channel prevents leakage, but allows ejection of hand treatment material under pressure.
  • a more sophisticated embodiment of the invention makes use of a pressure-multiplying squeeze dispenser.
  • a pressure-multiplying squeeze dispenser provides relatively high pressure ejection of fluid upon application of relatively little manual pressure. This allows good fluid stream formation and control over its trajectory to the target hand. For this reason U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,603,794 and 5,289,948 are hereby incorporated by reference thereto.
  • a pressure amplification is achieved that is equal to the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the pressure-multiplying piston to the cross-sectional area of a tube penetrating the pressure-multiplying piston.
  • Necessary to the present invention is means to allow the dispenser to operate independent of its orientation with respect to the gravity field and the need to insure leak-proof operation.
  • the pressure multiplying concept is adapted to the present invention to achieve these goals as shall be described by reference to FIG. 4 b , a cross-sectional view of a pressure-multiplying version of this invention. Shown is an outer bladder 41 having an output nozzle assembly 63 and a refill port with cap 74 .
  • an even more pliable bladder 45 that segregates the volume of the bladder 41 into an air-filled space 43 and a fluid filled space 87 .
  • this is for the purpose of allowing operation independent of orientation with respect to gravity, in the same fashion as the embodiment of FIG. 4 a .
  • air in volume 43 causes compressive pressure on fluid-filled bladder 45 .
  • This pressure is transferred to fluid-filled moveable cylinder 49 which translates within an outer guide cylinder 47 .
  • Cylinder 49 has been filled with fluid by virtue of port 51 on the side of cylinder 47 near its base.
  • FIGS. 4 c and 4 d serve to illustrate the function of gate valve assembly 73 .
  • the gate valve assembly 73 is actually a mechanism with three forward prongs and one backward-directed extension held in a position which blocks fluid channel 81 by means of preload spring 71 .
  • the central forward prong has a rectangular or square cross section in contrast to the circular cross sections of the other prongs and the backward-directed extension so as to seat over the top of channel 81 .
  • Air pressure to displace the gate valve assembly 73 and open fluid channel 81 is applied only to the two outboard prongs of assembly 73 by way of air channels 75 .
  • Air channel 65 provides for release of air from spring compartment 69 upon progress of the backward-directed extension of assembly 73 into compartment 69 .
  • FIG. 5 An alternative to squeeze dispensing makes use of a plunger.
  • a fluid storage compartment 91 of the same form factor as the previously described squeeze bladder is likewise mounted on the underside of the wrist.
  • a fluid dispensing plunger 93 is actuated by downward flexion of the hand at the wrist so as to depress plunger 93 with the base of the palm. With this motion, hand treatment fluid is ejected onto the base of the palm and both hands can be rubbed together to disperse the treatment.
  • FIG. 7 a Analogous to the pressure-multiplying squeeze dispenser is a pressure-multiplying version of the plunger device. A cross-sectional view of this device is shown in FIG. 7 a .
  • a moveable plunger 133 has a preload tension from spring 140 that maintains its normal extended position. Spring 140 is seated against structural fins 171 internal to the dispenser.
  • the plunger 133 has a central channel 135 that accepts the introduction of tube 149 connected by fins 171 to the dispenser housing 165 , as plunger 133 is depressed. Cutouts 145 on the sides of plunger 133 admit the insertion of structural fins 171 which hold tube 149 in place.
  • the lower portion of plunger 133 forms a cylinder 151 which houses a pressure-multiplying cylinder 159 .
  • the lower flange 157 of the plunger applies pressure to fluid volume 134 which in turn applies pressure to cylinder 159 .
  • the perforations of air intake tube 146 are sealed.
  • plunger 133 returns upward by virtue of spring 140 and cylinder 159 returns downward under then influence of spring 155 .
  • Cylinder 159 refills with fluid as aperture 160 is in fluid communication with fluid volume 134 .
  • the perforations of air intake tube 146 are opened for air to refill volume 168 .
  • a flexible membrane 158 at the base of fluid container 163 allows air pressure in volume 168 to equilibrate with fluid pressure in volume 134 .
  • Retaining flange 152 limits the downward travel of cylinder 159 .
  • the three-dimensional shape of plunger 133 is more clearly manifested. Shown are the cutout areas 145 which are penetrated by the structural fins 171 which hold tube 149 in fixed disposition with respect to the dispenser housing 165 .
  • Drip type dispensers are of limited practicality given that they are orientation sensitive.
  • One way in which such a dispenser could be used involves actuating a shutoff valve.
  • Various approaches well known in the prior art can be used to actuate the opening of such a valve by hand pressure. Subsequent to opening the valve, it is required to orient the dispenser to allow hand treatment to drip into the hand.
  • Applicable miniature electromechanical schemes that could be used for ejecting hand treatment material are well known in the prior art.
  • electromechanical actuation methods is that of solenoid.
  • the miniature solenoids used in ink jet printing can be applied to discharging small jets of fluid.
  • Sufficient electrical energy for hundreds of actuations can be contained in small form factor batteries such as those of the disc lithium variety.
  • miniature diaphragm pumps and piezoelectric pumps used for insulin delivery can be used for discharge of small jets of fluid.
  • Peltier effect devices can be used with working fluids or phase change materials to effect large pressure changes with modest electrically-induced temperature changes and thereby eject fluids upon initiation of current flow to the Peltier device.
  • a consistent fixed dosage of ejected hand treatment material can be established by electronically fixing the duration of the governing voltage or current pulse.
  • Remote control actuation is imminently feasible with commercially available low power consumption micro transmitters and receivers. There are numerous ways in which such remote control can be applied, typically using the free hand or other part of the body.
  • the nozzle of the present invention is of a fixed geometry.
  • Other embodiments include retractable or extendible versions, as well as nozzles that can be adjusted in direction and those which allow selection of output flow type from streaming to spraying.
  • Adjustable nozzles can be implemented for pressure multiplying dispensers with some increase in complexity over counterparts for non-pressure-multiplying dispensers.
  • the nozzle of the present invention will be oriented so as to provide unobstructed dispensing of hand treatment to the hand in cases where the user is wearing a long-sleeved shirt or blouse, or a jacket. In situations where a garment might obstruct dispensing, it could be efficacious to have an extendible nozzle.
  • An example of such a nozzle is shown in FIG. 8.
  • a cylindrical nozzle body 201 is shown with ring embossments 203 .
  • a complementary ring void 205 is present in the neck 207 of the dispenser so that longitudinal motion of the nozzle body 201 relative to the dispenser neck 207 establishes a fixed number of detint positions.
  • variable flow nozzles are extant in the patent literature; examples include U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,843,030, 3,967,765, and 4,234,128. These nozzle designs exhibit variable flow channel geometry. An attending alteration in the flow from a streaming to spraying nature occurs upon rotation of one of the component members of the nozzle relative to the other. In FIG. 9, this type of nozzle is shown in the context of the present invention.
  • a fixed nozzle component 223 is attached to the dispenser body 221 . Rotation of the moveable nozzle component 225 results in variation in the type of flow.
  • the flow channel is segmented into two portions and the alignment of a particular cross-sectional geometry of each of these portions of the channel is used to adjust the nature of the flow.
  • Another method of varying the type of flow is that used in typical garden hose nozzles in which a flow output aperture is variably occluded by the longitudinal translation of a conical member with its apex directed into the flow output aperture by a screwing motion.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
US10/314,825 2002-12-09 2002-12-09 Portable device for dispensing hand treatments Abandoned US20040111071A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/314,825 US20040111071A1 (en) 2002-12-09 2002-12-09 Portable device for dispensing hand treatments
US10/729,757 US7135011B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2003-12-05 Portable device for dispensing skin treatments
PCT/US2003/039048 WO2004052425A2 (fr) 2002-12-09 2003-12-08 Dispositif portable permettant d'administrer des traitements pour les mains
US10/915,720 US7316332B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2004-08-10 Wearable skin treatment device
US11/543,537 US20070088298A1 (en) 2002-12-09 2006-10-05 Cartridge-based portable device for dispensing skin treatments
US11/983,202 US20080067193A1 (en) 2002-12-09 2007-11-07 Skin treatment device with detachable wristband
US12/006,511 US8286834B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2008-01-03 Skin treatment dispenser and method of manufacture

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/314,825 US20040111071A1 (en) 2002-12-09 2002-12-09 Portable device for dispensing hand treatments
US51579403P 2003-10-30 2003-10-30
US51577503P 2003-10-30 2003-10-30
US51571803P 2003-10-30 2003-10-30
US51579303P 2003-10-30 2003-10-30
US10/729,757 US7135011B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2003-12-05 Portable device for dispensing skin treatments
US10/915,720 US7316332B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2004-08-10 Wearable skin treatment device

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/729,757 Continuation-In-Part US7135011B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2003-12-05 Portable device for dispensing skin treatments
US10729757 Continuation-In-Part 2005-12-05

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US20040111071A1 true US20040111071A1 (en) 2004-06-10

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Family Applications (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/314,825 Abandoned US20040111071A1 (en) 2002-12-09 2002-12-09 Portable device for dispensing hand treatments
US10/729,757 Expired - Fee Related US7135011B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2003-12-05 Portable device for dispensing skin treatments
US10/915,720 Expired - Fee Related US7316332B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2004-08-10 Wearable skin treatment device
US11/543,537 Abandoned US20070088298A1 (en) 2002-12-09 2006-10-05 Cartridge-based portable device for dispensing skin treatments
US11/983,202 Abandoned US20080067193A1 (en) 2002-12-09 2007-11-07 Skin treatment device with detachable wristband

Family Applications After (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/729,757 Expired - Fee Related US7135011B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2003-12-05 Portable device for dispensing skin treatments
US10/915,720 Expired - Fee Related US7316332B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2004-08-10 Wearable skin treatment device
US11/543,537 Abandoned US20070088298A1 (en) 2002-12-09 2006-10-05 Cartridge-based portable device for dispensing skin treatments
US11/983,202 Abandoned US20080067193A1 (en) 2002-12-09 2007-11-07 Skin treatment device with detachable wristband

Country Status (2)

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US (5) US20040111071A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004052425A2 (fr)

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USD533234S1 (en) 2005-06-06 2006-12-05 Mattel, Inc. Squirt gun
USD533235S1 (en) 2005-06-06 2006-12-05 Mattel, Inc. Squirt gun
USD536748S1 (en) 2005-06-06 2007-02-13 Mattel, Inc. Squirt gun
WO2007035366A3 (fr) * 2005-09-15 2007-06-07 Pwristine Inc Distributeur de liquides ou poudres sur bracelet
US20080230560A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2008-09-25 Jeffrey Lewis Powers Skin treatment dispenser and method of manufacture
WO2008148121A1 (fr) * 2007-05-28 2008-12-04 Pwristine, Inc. Distributeur de liquides et de poudres monté sur bracelet et doté d'un mécanisme de distribution amélioré
WO2014169155A3 (fr) * 2013-04-10 2014-12-11 Jason Horgan Bracelet antiseptique
US20140369733A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2014-12-18 Orbel Health Limited Dispenser
US20170258275A1 (en) * 2009-05-28 2017-09-14 John M. Geesbreght Hand Sanitizing Device and Method of Use
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US20200305559A1 (en) * 2019-03-27 2020-10-01 Vanessa Gale Eberra Spray & Sniff Aroma Wristband
CN111870805A (zh) * 2020-07-09 2020-11-03 深圳市优创智品科技有限公司 手部清洁测温装置
US11122940B1 (en) 2020-07-17 2021-09-21 George Joseph Winn Wrist-worn sanitizer dispenser
US20210353016A1 (en) * 2020-05-15 2021-11-18 Ready Squirt Wrist dispenser
US11191395B2 (en) * 2015-07-08 2021-12-07 Intel Wrist, Llc Wearable fluid-dispensing apparatus
WO2022087476A1 (fr) * 2020-10-22 2022-04-28 Wrist 19's Inc Systèmes de distribution portables, procédés et appareils
US20220233028A1 (en) * 2021-01-22 2022-07-28 Intelwrist, Llc Multifunctional wearable fluid dispensing apparatus
WO2022187918A1 (fr) * 2021-03-11 2022-09-15 Magalhaes Gustavo Vasconcelos Bracelet électronique de stockage de substances désinfectantes, à déclenchement électromécanique et module monté-coulissant
CN119015589A (zh) * 2024-10-25 2024-11-26 德州学院 一种伤口敷料喷涂装置
US12390829B1 (en) * 2024-11-08 2025-08-19 Shenzhen Alltokee Technology Co., Ltd Portable liquid storage device

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US20050124945A1 (en) 2005-06-09
US7316332B2 (en) 2008-01-08
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US20070088298A1 (en) 2007-04-19
US20040162534A1 (en) 2004-08-19
WO2004052425A3 (fr) 2004-11-04
US7135011B2 (en) 2006-11-14
US20080067193A1 (en) 2008-03-20
WO2004052425B1 (fr) 2005-01-06

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