US2005333A - Process for refining a soap base - Google Patents

Process for refining a soap base Download PDF

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Publication number
US2005333A
US2005333A US463474A US46347430A US2005333A US 2005333 A US2005333 A US 2005333A US 463474 A US463474 A US 463474A US 46347430 A US46347430 A US 46347430A US 2005333 A US2005333 A US 2005333A
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United States
Prior art keywords
soap
refining
base
temperature
screen
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Expired - Lifetime
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US463474A
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English (en)
Inventor
John W Bodman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lever Brothers Co
Original Assignee
Lever Brothers Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lever Brothers Co filed Critical Lever Brothers Co
Priority to US463474A priority Critical patent/US2005333A/en
Priority to GB18155/31A priority patent/GB380820A/en
Priority to FR720439D priority patent/FR720439A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2005333A publication Critical patent/US2005333A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
    • C11D13/14—Shaping
    • C11D13/18—Shaping by extrusion or pressing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a processforrefiningasoapbase, andmorespeeifically to a process for converting a partiallydried soap base which may have a varying moisi ture content and partially crystalline structure into a homogeneous, plastic mass from which bars or cakes may be produced by conventional methods while simultaneously afiording an effective method for the uniform incorporation of perfuming, filling, and such other ingredients as may be soap.
  • 'Ihe purpose of the invention is to provide an improved and simplified method for working a heterogeneous, partially-driedsoap base in the form of chips, spray-dried particles or granules into a homogeneous mass having the desired physical properties for extrusion, or similar or equivalent shaping operations, into bars from which cakes of soap can be molded and stamped.
  • Still another purpose of the invention is to remove and exclude from the refined base any coarse foreign material which may inadvertently have been picked up inthe course of mechanicallyliandling the stockfrom the soapery through the dryers, and to eliminate by assimilation into I the homogeneous mass occasional small lumps of hard, over-dried soap.
  • the present process can be considered and generally defined as a process for refining a soap base. in which the mechanical operations of mixing, levigating, and plasticizing are simultaneously performed in a relatively'simple and efiicient manner.
  • the present process has particular application in the manufacture of toilet soap from dried stock, such as chips, air-dried particles or granules. Soap as it comes from the kettle following the operations of "settling" will contain approximately thirty per cent. moisture. In this form it may be drawn on into frames" where on cooling it solidifies suificiently for cutting into bars. But-for the finer. grades of toilet soap it is necessary to remove some of the water before forming into bars. This can be accomplished in a variety of ways, the most conventional of which is to fiow the molten kettle soap'over cooling rolls from which it is scraped oil. in sheets or ribbonspnto a belt moving through a drying chamber in which a r tillatedcirculation of drying air is maintained.
  • the levigation of partially-dried kettle soap is universally carried out by passing the partially-dried soap base through milling apparatus, consisting of a series of .rolls of progressively increasing circumferential speed and decreasing clearance between successive pairs of mils.
  • This milling operation is also employed to combine other ingredients. such .as perfume, which is generally added to the chips or mill feed in other form to secure a preliminary rough distribution.
  • the passage of the soap base between the bite of successive pairs'of rolls is intended to break down the larger physical aggregateaand reduce the soap to as nearly a plastic condition as possible.
  • milled soap scraped from the last roll in the a series which may comprise eight, ten or more pairs of rolls in all, is in the form .of thin ribbons quite bulky in the mass.
  • the following mechanical operation is intended to compress the ribbons into a continuous bar of desired dimensions fromwhich inividual cakes maybe cut.
  • the machine commonly employed for this operation is known as a plodder, and comprises a continuous screw revolving in a horizontal chamber of circular cross-section, provided on the discharge endwith a conical section from which the bar is continuously discharged.
  • the soap base is completely refined after the addition of the final ingredients in such a manner as to completely plasticize and homogenize the stock, and cause uniform distribution or dispersion of perfuming, filling, and other added ingredients throughout the mass.
  • This is preferably accomplished by forcing the soap while maintained in a plastic condition through a series of minute orifices under comparatively high pressure. The extrusion of the soap through these orifices thoroughly extends and works the mass, and the shearing action which takes place in plastic fiow is extremely effective in producing a product having the desired physical properties.
  • thermostatically control the temperature conditioning of the soap during the refining process or in other words to insure that the soap shall be maintained during its extrusion through the minute orifices at a temperature best adapted to maintain the desired flow conditions.
  • This temperature should neither be so high as to cause too great fiuidity of the soap nor so low as to cause the soap to harden and interfere with its proper handling during the process of refining.
  • one or more revolving blades may be mounted on the screw shaft and serve by rotating in proximity to the orificial surface to aid in working the plastic mass of soap thercthrough, further reducing by attrition hard particles of dried soap which may be present into such a condition that these particles are completely assimilated by the mass.
  • the homogenizing of the soap coupled with the prior conditioning effectually refine the plastic material, especially when repeated through orifices of diminishing size, but the extrusion or forcing of the soap through the minute orifices serves a screening function to preclude conveyance into the finished soap of such foreign materials as may inadvertently be collected and which cannot be reduced by the condition ing of the material.
  • An important and desirable aspect of the process is the maintenance of the soap base during the refining thereof at a predetermined consistency through the maintenance of temperature between generally predetermined limits.
  • the plasticized soap is forced through and extruded from wire screens which progressively diminish in size of mesh. Goods results have been obtained by graduating the mesh from an initial screening area of twenty mesh downwardly to forty mesh, with possibly one intermediate screen therebetween.
  • Fig. 1 represents an elevation partly in section of a suitable apparatus for carrying out my process
  • Fig. 2 is a section illustrating the screen and correlated devices on an enlarged scale.
  • This feed screw conveys the soap lengthwise of the barrel, and preliminarily plasticizes and mixes it during its travel.
  • the initial screen l6 of twenty mesh approximately, supported by a plate I8.
  • a series of rotating blades 20 mounted upon the shaft 2
  • the blades effectively augment the function of the feed screw by virtue of the attritive effect exerted upon the soap, tending to reduce hard particles of soap to dimensions of sufficient size to permit their ready passage through the screen.
  • the feeding device coupled with the resistance at the surface of the screen creates a substantial pressure generally in excess of 250 pounds per square inch which is instrumental in creating the desired action upon the soap. From the first or initial screen of twenty mesh, the partially refined soap is discharged through the duct 24 to a second or intermediate feed screw 26 which delivers the soap to a second or intermediate screen 28 of thirty mesh, this screen being supported by a perforated member 30 and cooperating with attritive blades 32 in a manner similar to that previously described.
  • the soap is again discharged through a. duct 36 to a feed screw 38 which conveys it to a third and final screen iii of forty mesh, having a perforated support 42 and cooperating with blades
  • a third and final screen iii of forty mesh having a perforated support 42 and cooperating with blades
  • the number and character of screening devices may well be altered as occasion requires without affecting the broad concept of my invention.
  • the size of the screens may be altered as the condition of the base may necessitate.
  • the soap base in process of refining is maintained within desired temperature limits through the employment of a surrounding jacket adapted to contain temperature regulating fluid, such as steam or water, depending upon whether the function is to remove the heat from the mass of soap or prevent escape of heat therefrom.
  • This jacket as indicated generally at 50, surrounds each of the plasticizing chambers or barrels.
  • the requisite temperatures within the refining apparatus may be maintained by any desired method of temperature control (not shown), or in the absence of such method of temperature control, approximate temperature limits can be maintained satisfactorily by manual control of the volume and temperature of the fluid passing through the jackets.
  • the optimum temperature at which the base should be worked cannot be specified precisely and is governed by the characteristics of the particular soap stock in process of refining. Generally speaking, the condition of the soap should be such as to maintain a substantial working pressure at the orificial surfaces.
  • a specific example of the improved method of refining may be cited in connection with a kettle soap having the following composition:
  • the soap coming from the kettle contains approximately thirty per cent. of moisture, and is partially dried in chip form to a twelve per cent. moisture content approximately. These partially dried chips are delivered to the first stage of the refining operation at a temperature slightly above F. This temperature may rise slightly throughout the three stages of the operation, approximately 10 to 20 higher at the completion of the refining operation. It will be understood that the entering temperature is determined by practical operating conditions, and might desirably be somewhat lower than that indicated without in any way altering and in fact in some cases improving the efiiciency of the operation.
  • the screens serve the further and useful purpose of impeding or preventing the passage of foreign material which may inadvertently collect in the soap and which is of such a character that it cannot be reduced and caused to pass therethrough. Obviously this foreign material collects ahead of the screens, is removed from the soap passing therethrough, and can be completely removed from the refining apparatus by removal and cleaning of the screens.
  • That step in the process of homogenizing and refining a soap base for the production of a homogeneous plastic mass from which bars or cakes may be subsequently formed which consists in regulating the temperature of the base to maintain a predetermined condition of plasticity and, while so maintained, forcing the base under high pressure through minute orifices of a size comparable to or less than the orifices of a 20-mesh screen.
  • That step in the process of homogenizing and refining a soap base having a moisture content not in excess of 25% approximately for the production of a homogeneous plastic mass from which bars or cakes may be subsequently formed which consists in regulating the temperature of the base to maintain a predetermined condition of plasticity and, while so maintained, forcing the base under high pressure through minute orifices of a size comparable to or less than that of the openings in a 20-mesh screen.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US463474A 1930-06-24 1930-06-24 Process for refining a soap base Expired - Lifetime US2005333A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US463474A US2005333A (en) 1930-06-24 1930-06-24 Process for refining a soap base
GB18155/31A GB380820A (en) 1930-06-24 1931-06-23 Improvements in or relating to process for refining and homogenising a soap base
FR720439D FR720439A (fr) 1930-06-24 1931-06-23 Perfectionnements relatifs au procédé de raffinage des savons

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US463474A US2005333A (en) 1930-06-24 1930-06-24 Process for refining a soap base

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2005333A true US2005333A (en) 1935-06-18

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ID=23840219

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US463474A Expired - Lifetime US2005333A (en) 1930-06-24 1930-06-24 Process for refining a soap base

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2005333A (fr)
FR (1) FR720439A (fr)
GB (1) GB380820A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2525081A (en) * 1949-08-06 1950-10-10 Colgate Palmolive Peet Co Process for making floating soap
US2649417A (en) * 1946-08-05 1953-08-18 Colgate Palmolive Peet Co Plodded high moisture soap and method of making same
US4141947A (en) * 1975-01-09 1979-02-27 Colgate-Palmolive Company Continuous process for making variegated soap

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1109305B (de) * 1956-05-29 1961-06-22 Mazzoni G Spa Kontinuierliches Verfahren zum stufenweisen Trocknen unter Vakuum und gleichzeitigenRaffinieren von Seife
DE1079776B (de) * 1957-08-26 1960-04-14 Heidenau Maschf Veb Seifenkuehl- und Formmaschine
CA1083913A (fr) * 1975-10-06 1980-08-19 Colgate-Palmolive Company Savon multicolore
CH646878A5 (de) * 1980-03-21 1984-12-28 Buehler Ag Geb Einrichtung zur erzeugung eines gemisches aus feststoffen und fluessigen bestandteilen.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2649417A (en) * 1946-08-05 1953-08-18 Colgate Palmolive Peet Co Plodded high moisture soap and method of making same
US2525081A (en) * 1949-08-06 1950-10-10 Colgate Palmolive Peet Co Process for making floating soap
US4141947A (en) * 1975-01-09 1979-02-27 Colgate-Palmolive Company Continuous process for making variegated soap

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB380820A (en) 1932-09-23
FR720439A (fr) 1932-02-19

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