Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
  • B01D19/02—Foam dispersion or prevention
  • B01D19/04—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
  • B01D19/02—Foam dispersion or prevention
  • B01D19/04—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances
  • B01D19/0404—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance
  • B01D19/0409—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance compounds containing Si-atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
  • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
  • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
  • C10L1/1883—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom polycarboxylic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
  • C10L1/1888—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof tall oil
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
  • C10L1/1905—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
  • C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
  • C10L1/2225—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates hydroxy containing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/28—Organic compounds containing silicon
  • C10L1/285—Organic compounds containing silicon macromolecular compounds

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an additive mixture comprising at least one polysiloxane antifoam and at least one partially or completely neutralized fatty acid.
• antifoams which are intended to dampen the natural foaming behavior of fuels, in particular on filling, for example during the filling procedure at the gas pump.
• Polysiloxanes, in particular polysiloxane alkoxylates, are frequently used antifoams.
• U.S. Pat. No. 6,093,222 describes antifoam compositions for diesel fuels which comprise various polysiloxanes.
• the polysiloxanes are substituted by long-chain polyether groups, organic polyols, hydrocarbon radicals and/or phenol radicals.
• these in the amount in which they are required to achieve an antifoam performance, represent a not insignificant cost factor.
• WO 95/04117 describes an additive composition which comprises an antifoam and a nitrogen-containing dispersant which burns ashlessly.
• the nitrogen-containing dispersant which burns ashlessly is intended to increase the long-term storage stability of the antifoam.
• the dispersant does not reduce the amount of antifoam required for damping the foam formation of a fuel.
• Suitable polysiloxane antifoams are any common antifoams based on polysiloxane and known to those skilled in the art. Such antifoams are described, for example, in ATC Doc. 52 “Fuel Additives and the Environment”.
• a preferred antifoam is a polysiloxane of the general formula I where
• the aromatic or saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical is preferably C 1 -C 24 -alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl or stearyl; C 3 -C 24 -cycloalkyl, in particular cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl or cyclodecyl; C 4 -C 24 -alkylcycloalkyl, in particular methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl or ethylcyclohexyl; C 6 -C 10 -aryl, in particular phenyl; or C 7 -C 18 -arylalkyl, in particular methylphenyl, dimethylphenyl or phenylethyl.
• the organic polyol is preferably a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having at least two hydroxyl groups which is optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms. Preference is given to the hydrocarbon radical being saturated.
• the R 2 radical preferably has a molecular weight of from 100 to 700, more preferably from 130 to 650 and in particular of about 400.
• the R 2 radicals are introduced into the polysiloxane framework, for example, by reacting an unsaturated polyol with a polysiloxane which contains hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon.
• polyols suitable for preparing saturated R 2 radicals include trimethylolpropane monoallyl ether, ethoxylated pentaerythritol allyl ether, propoxylated pentaerythritol allyl ether, triisopropanolamine allyl ether, ethoxylated allylsorbitol and 1,3-allyloxypropanediol.
• An example of a polyol suitable for preparing an unsaturated R 2 radical is 2-butyne-1,4-diol.
• R 3 is preferably a polyether radical which comprises at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 75% by weight and in particular 100% by weight, of copolymerized ethylene oxide units.
• the molecular weight of R 3 is preferably up to 1500, more preferably from 100 to 350.
• R 4 is preferably a phenol radical which is substituted by mono- or polyunsaturated alkene and/or alkyne radicals. Suitable examples thereof include eugenol, vinylphenol, vinylguaiacol and 4-allylphenol.
• the quotient of the number of R 1 groups to the number of R 2 groups is from 3 to 19.
• the quotient of the sum of the number of R 3 , R 4 and R 5 groups to the number of R 2 groups [(R 3 +R 4 +R 5 )/R 2 ] is from 0 to 2.
• component A contains a plurality of different polysiloxanes I.
• a polysiloxane I as defined above is used with a polysiloxane of the general formula I.1 where
• the quotient of the number of R 1 groups to the number of R 3 groups is from 3 to 19.
• the quotient (R 3 /R 2 ) is from 0.25 to 5.
• Component B is preferably a fatty acid which has been partially or completely neutralized by amines.
• component B comprising at least one fatty acid salt of the formula II where
• Such fatty acid salts II are described, for example, in WO 01/38463, which is fully incorporated herein by way of reference.
• the relatively long-chain radical R occurring in the carboxylate anion RCOO— or in the fatty acid RCOOH is, for example, a branched or preferably linear C 7 -C 23 -, preferably C 11 -C 21 -, in particular C 15 - to C 19 -alkyl group which may additionally bear hydroxyl groups.
• parent carboxylic acids examples include octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), tridecanoic acid, isotridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) and eicosanoic acid.
• the acids mentioned may be of natural or synthetic origin.
• the parent acids of the carboxylate anions may also be mixtures of the acids mentioned.
• the relatively long chain radical R occurring in the carboxylate anion RCOO— or in the fatty acid RCOOH being a mono- or polyunsaturated C 7 - to C 23 radical, in particular a mono- or polyunsaturated C 11 - to C 21 -, in particular C 15 - to C 19 -alkenyl group which may additionally bear hydroxyl groups.
• These unsaturated radicals are preferably linear.
• monounsaturated fatty acids include palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and erucic acid.
• polyunsaturated alkenyl groups these preferably contain two or three double bonds.
• parent carboxylic acids examples include elaidic acid, ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Particularly good results are obtained with oleic acid.
• the parent carboxylic acids of the carboxylate anions may also be mixtures of such unsaturated carboxylic acids with each other and also with the abovementioned saturated carboxylic acids. Examples of such mixtures include tall oil, tall oil fatty acid and rapeseed oil fatty acid.
• the unsaturated carboxylic acids mentioned and the mixtures mentioned are generally of natural origin.
• the alkylene group A in compounds of the formula II is preferably derived from appropriate alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide and cis- or trans-2,3-butylene oxide. However, it may also be 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,6-hexylene or 1,8-octylene. A may likewise be a mixture of different groups mentioned. Particular preference for A is given to ethylene, 1,2-propylene or 1,2-butylene groups.
• variable Z is in particular C 1 - to C 4 -alkylene groups such as methylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,2-butylene, 1,3-butylene or 2,3-butylene, C 5 - to C 6 -cycloalkylene groups such as 1,3-cyclopentylidene or 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexylidene, or C 6 - to C 8 -arylene or -arylalkylene groups such as 1,3- or 1,4-phenylene, 2-methyl-1,4-phenylene or 1,3- or 1,4-bismethylenephenylene.
• C 1 - to C 4 -alkylene groups such as methylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,2-butylene, 1,3-butylene or 2,3-butylene, C 5 - to C 6 -cycloalkylene groups such as 1,3-cyclopentylidene or 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexylidene, or C 6 - to C 8 -ary
• the parent cationic components of the fatty acid salts used according to the invention are generally, depending on the sum ( ⁇ ) of all variables x 1 , x 2 and x 3 , mixtures of mono-, di- and/or trialkanolamines or pure trialkanolamines.
• alkanolamines include monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine and also their corresponding mixtures.
• variable m being the number 1 or 2.
• the parent molecules are partially and/or completely alkoxylated alkylenediamines such as 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,3-propylenediamine or 1,4-butylenediamine.
• the parent molecules are usually partially and/or completely alkoxylated dialkylenetriamines such as di(1,2-ethylene)triamine, di(1,3-propylene)triamine or di(1,4-butylene)triamine.
• a preferred upper limit is a threefold alkoxylation per N—H bond [300% of (m+3)] with regard to the properties of the resulting fatty acid salts.
• a preferred lower limit is an average 50% alkoxylation [50% of (m+3)]; in this case, there are usually mixtures of species having differing degrees of alkoxylation.
• the sum ( ⁇ ) of all variables x has a value of from 75% to 125% of (m+3).
• the fatty acid salts of the general formula II can typically be prepared easily by alkoxylating the parent amines by customary methods and subsequently neutralizing with the fatty acids of the formula RCOOH.
• the alkoxylation for the introduction of the first alkylene oxide unit into the N—H bond is advantageously carried out in the presence of small amounts of water (usually from 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the amount of amine used) without catalyst at temperatures of from 80 to 140° C. and, for the introduction of further alkylene oxide units, with the exclusion of water in the presence of basic catalysts such as alkali metal hydroxides, e.g. sodium or potassium hydroxide, at temperatures of from 100 to 150° C.
• water usually from 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the amount of amine used
• basic catalysts such as alkali metal hydroxides, e.g. sodium or potassium hydroxide
• the neutralization is generally effected by heating the alkoxylated amine obtained in this way with the appropriate stoichiometric or slightly less than stoichiometric amount (i.e. from 90 to 100%, in particular from 95 to 100%, of theory) of fatty acid to temperatures of from 30 to 100° C., in particular from 40 to 80° C., for a period of from 15 minutes to 10 hours, in particular from 30 minutes to 5 hours.
• the neutralization reaction should be conducted in such a way that no carboxylic ester fractions occur in the product.
• both the alkoxylated amine and the fatty acid may be used as liquids, which makes the reaction to the corresponding fatty acid salt particularly simple.
• alkoxylated amine and fatty acid are uncritical, i.e. either the alkoxylated amine may be initially charged and the fatty acid added or the fatty acid may be initially charged and the alkoxylated amine added.
• Other useful components B for the additive mixtures according to the invention are long-chain carboxylic acids, esters thereof or mixtures of substances which comprise at least one of these components.
• long-chain carboxylic acids encompass saturated and unsaturated mono- or polycarboxylic acids having from 4 to 50 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 24 carbon atoms. When the carboxylic acids are present in dimerized form, the carbon number is correspondingly doubled.
• Polycarboxylic acids according to the invention preferably comprise from 2 to 4 carboxyl groups.
• Unsaturated carboxylic acids according to the invention comprise one or more, preferably one, two or three, in particular noncumulated, double bonds.
• saturated or unsaturated long-chain monocarboxylic acids are the saturated or unsaturated C 8 -C 24 -monocarboxylic acids specified in connection with the above definition for the compound of the formula II.
• suitable polycarboxylic acids include saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, for example the dimerized variant of oleic acid.
• the carboxylic acids used may be of natural or synthetic origin. They may be used as a pure substance or as a substance mixture which comprises one or more of these carboxylic acids, optionally together with further substances.
• a nonlimiting example is that of tall oil fatty acid mixtures. These typically comprise a mixture of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated C 18 -carboxylic acids and varying proportions of a hydrolyzable resin. Suitable products are described, for example, in WO-A-98/04656, which is incorporated herein by way of reference.
• the long-chain carboxylic esters which can be used according to the invention can be prepared in a conventional manner by reacting the above long-chain carboxylic acids with mono- or polyhydric alcohols.
• the alcohols present in the esters according to the invention are preferably derived from straight-chain or branched C 1 - to C 20 -alkanes and bear from 1 to 8, for example from 1 to 4, hydroxyl groups. Cyclic alcohols having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms can likewise be used.
• Preferred acyclic mono- or polyhydric alcohols comprise from 2 to 12, for example from 2 to 5, carbon atoms, are straight-chain or branched and have from 1 to 4 hydroxyl groups.
• Nonlimiting examples are monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and n- and isopropanol, and polyhydric alcohols such as glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, inositol, glucose and fructose.
• the hydrocarbyl radical of the alcohols which can be used according to the invention may optionally contain one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or phosphorus, in the carbon chain.
• esters according to the invention may be present in the esters according to the invention in partly or fully esterified form. Preference is given to mono- and diester esters.
• esters which can be used are methyl esters of the above saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, and also the corresponding esterification products of naturally occurring fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures.
• Particular examples include mono- or diesters, for example glycerol monooleate, glycerol dioleate and glycerol monostearate.
• component A and component B are used in a weight ratio of preferably from 1:200 to 1:10, more preferably from 1:100 to 1:10 and in particular from 1:50 to 1:10.
• the present invention further provides the use of the additive mixture according to the invention for additizing fuel compositions, in particular for improving the antifoam performance of a fuel composition.
• Useful fuels are gasoline fuels and middle distillates, such as diesel fuels, heating oil or kerosene, although preference is given to diesel fuels.
• the diesel fuels are, for example, crude oil raffinates which typically have a boiling range of from 100 to 400° C. These are usually distillates having a 95% point of up to 360° C. or even higher. However, these may also be “Ultra Low sulfur Diesel” or “City Diesel”, characterized by a maximum 95% point of, for example, 345° C. and a maximum sulfur content of, for example, 0.005% by weight or by 95% point of, for example, 285° C. and a maximum sulfur content of 0.001% by weight.
• those obtainable by coal gasification or gas liquefaction (“gas to liquid” (GTL) fuels) are also suitable.
• GTL gas to liquid
• the additive mixture according to the invention for additizing diesel fuels having low sulfur contents, i.e. having a sulfur content of less than 0.05% by weight, preferably of less than 0.02% by weight, in particular of less than 0.005% by weight and especially of less than 0.001% by weight, of sulfur.
• the present invention also provides a fuel composition
• a fuel composition comprising a majority of a hydrocarbon fuel and an effective amount of the additive mixture according to the invention and optionally at least one further additive.
• suitable fuels the same applies as was stated previously.
• the additive mixture according to the invention is preferably present in the fuel in an amount of from 1 to 1000 ppm by weight, more preferably from 20 to 300 ppm by weight and in particular from 50 to 150 ppm by weight, based on the total amount of the additized fuel.
• the present invention further provides an additive concentrate comprising the additive mixture according to the invention, at least one diluent and also optionally at least one further additive.
• diluents examples include the fractions obtained in crude oil processing, such as kerosene, naphtha or brightstock.
• aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and alkoxyalkanols are suitable.
• middle distillates in particular in the case of diesel fuels, preferably used diluents are naphtha, kerosene, diesel fuels, aromatic hydrocarbons such as Solvent Naphtha heavy, Solvesso® or Shellsol®, and also mixtures of these solvents and diluents.
• the additive mixture according to the invention is present in the concentrate in a concentration of from 0.1 to 80% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 60% by weight and in particular from 15 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the concentrate.
• Useful additives which may be present in the fuel or concentrate according to the invention in addition to the additive mixtures according to the invention, in particular for diesel fuels, include detergents, corrosion inhibitors, dehazers, demulsifiers, other customary antifoams, antioxidants, metal deactivators, multifunctional stabilizers, cetane number improvers, combustion improvers, dyes, markers, solubilizers, antistats, lubricity improvers, additives which improve the cold properties such as flow improvers (“MDFI”), paraffin dispersants (“WASA”) and the combination of the two last-mentioned additives (“WAFI”).
• MDFI flow improvers
• WASA paraffin dispersants
• WAFI additives which improve the cold properties
• Useful additives are described, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (1990) Vol. A 16, p. 719 ff., which is incorporated herein by way of reference.
• the customary antifoams include the polysiloxanes mentioned at the outset, acylated polyamines and their mixtures with different N-acyl compounds such as polyalkenylsuccinamides.
• synergistically effective combination of components A and B in the additive mixture according to the invention leads to a distinct improvement in the antifoam performance of fuels additized by it compared to prior art additives.
• the lubricity improvers used were the following products:
• antifoam used is a polysiloxane derivative which is customary on the market and referred to by the term antifoam.
• the additized fuels or blends were obtained by adding the abovementioned combinations of 5 mg/kg of antifoam and 120 mg/kg of lubricity improver Lubricity I to III in each case.
• the values determined in each case for the foam volume and the foam degradation time in dry fuels are listed.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

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• 2002
  • 2002-11-04 DE DE10251312A patent/DE10251312A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2003
  • 2003-11-03 US US10/533,093 patent/US20060162238A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-11-03 JP JP2004549098A patent/JP2006505642A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-11-03 KR KR1020057007957A patent/KR20050084672A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-11-03 WO PCT/EP2003/012275 patent/WO2004041975A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2003-11-03 CA CA002504698A patent/CA2504698A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-11-03 CN CNA2003801027961A patent/CN1711342A/zh active Pending
  • 2003-11-03 EP EP03775289A patent/EP1560901A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-11-03 AU AU2003283347A patent/AU2003283347A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2005
  • 2005-06-03 NO NO20052680A patent/NO20052680L/no unknown

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