US2006834A - Process of developing photographic images, with conversion prom negative to positive - Google Patents
Process of developing photographic images, with conversion prom negative to positive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2006834A US2006834A US716175A US71617534A US2006834A US 2006834 A US2006834 A US 2006834A US 716175 A US716175 A US 716175A US 71617534 A US71617534 A US 71617534A US 2006834 A US2006834 A US 2006834A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- negative
- positive
- photographic images
- developer
- developing photographic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title description 3
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960004011 methenamine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/50—Reversal development; Contact processes
Definitions
- the composition of the developer first used depends on the kind of emulsion and the nature of the positive which is to be produced, but this developer is always alkaline, sometimes strongly alkaline, whereas the silver solvent bath, consisting 101' example of permanganate of potassium and sulphuric acid, is strongly acid.
- the second deyeloper is alkaline again. The alternation of alkaline and acid treatments produces structural changes which are damaging to the appearance of the picture in the gelatine.
- the difiicult ies and disadvantages referred to are avoided by adding hexamethylenetetramine to the first developer.
- This is a crystalline powder, which is perfectly stable in the chemical sense and is easy to handle.
- the process of developing photographic images, with conversion from negative to positive comprising the following steps: developing the image in an alkaline developer'containing hexso amethylenetetramine, washing the developed] image in water, dissolving out the negative thus" produced, and finally, after exposure, reducing the unconverted silver-bromide in a second alkaline developer.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Description
Patented .luly 2, 1935 PATENT OFFICE PROCESS OF IMAGES,
DEVELOPING PHOTOGRAPHIC WITH CONVERSION FROM NEGATIVE TO POSITIVE Walter Kleist, Munich, Germany, assignor to the firm Otto Perutz, Trockenplatteniabrik Munchen G. in. b. H.,
Munich, Germany No Drawing. Application March 1'1, 1934, Serial No. 716,175. In Germany March 25, 1933 1 Claim.
5 then washing with water and dissolving out the negative silver, and finally reducing the unconverted silver bromide, after a brief treatment in a clearing bath and exposure. The composition of the developer first used depends on the kind of emulsion and the nature of the positive which is to be produced, but this developer is always alkaline, sometimes strongly alkaline, whereas the silver solvent bath, consisting 101' example of permanganate of potassium and sulphuric acid, is strongly acid. The second deyeloper is alkaline again. The alternation of alkaline and acid treatments produces structural changes which are damaging to the appearance of the picture in the gelatine. It has been sought to ,obtain a better result by using for the second developer substances which reduce the silver bromide in the acid state, but the acid baths used for the purpose are unstable, their life in some cases being limited to a few hours. Hardening by means of sulphates of aluminium and chromium is not permanent, and the efiect of the alkali'is reduced by the second developer. Another proposal which has been made is to introduce a hardening bath after the first developing treatment, using for example tormaldehyde, but this. hardens the gelatine so much that a much longer treatment with water is required, as otherwise yellow clouding is liable to result from the second developing treatment. A similar disadvantage arises ii formaldehyde is added to the first developer,
and this method has the secondary disadvantage that the developer must be put up for sale in bottles.
According to my invention the difiicult ies and disadvantages referred to are avoided by adding hexamethylenetetramine to the first developer. This is a crystalline powder, which is perfectly stable in the chemical sense and is easy to handle.
Whereas with the usual film emulsion flotationand injury occur at about 32 C. an increase to about 42 C. is obtained by using our developer. The mild but quite adequate hardening efiected does not involve any substantial increase in the periods required for soaking in water.
Example.-From 5 to 10 grams of hexamethylenetetramine are added, per litre, to a developer appropriate to a silver bromide emulsion. 20
The addition of hex-amethylenetetramine to developers for developing photographic negatives, for hardening purposes, is already known, but only in connection with carrying out the developing process with heat, say at 30 or C.
What I claim as my invention is:
The process of developing photographic images, with conversion from negative to positive comprising the following steps: developing the image in an alkaline developer'containing hexso amethylenetetramine, washing the developed] image in water, dissolving out the negative thus" produced, and finally, after exposure, reducing the unconverted silver-bromide in a second alkaline developer.
WALTER KLEIST.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP0067281 | 1933-03-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2006834A true US2006834A (en) | 1935-07-02 |
Family
ID=7390975
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US716175A Expired - Lifetime US2006834A (en) | 1933-03-25 | 1934-03-17 | Process of developing photographic images, with conversion prom negative to positive |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2006834A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE401761A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR769156A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB413605A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3536486A (en) * | 1969-02-03 | 1970-10-27 | Eastman Kodak Co | High temperature processing of exposed photographic elements |
-
0
- BE BE401761D patent/BE401761A/xx unknown
-
1934
- 1934-02-23 FR FR769156D patent/FR769156A/en not_active Expired
- 1934-03-05 GB GB6972/34A patent/GB413605A/en not_active Expired
- 1934-03-17 US US716175A patent/US2006834A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB413605A (en) | 1934-07-19 |
| FR769156A (en) | 1934-08-21 |
| BE401761A (en) |
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