US20080168741A1 - Wall fabrication system and method - Google Patents
Wall fabrication system and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080168741A1 US20080168741A1 US11/676,002 US67600207A US2008168741A1 US 20080168741 A1 US20080168741 A1 US 20080168741A1 US 67600207 A US67600207 A US 67600207A US 2008168741 A1 US2008168741 A1 US 2008168741A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- supports
- wall section
- covering
- wall
- flowable material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 11
- 241000288673 Chiroptera Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
- E04C2/386—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of unreconstituted or laminated wood
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to building construction and in particular to a wall fabrication system and method.
- Housing is a critical aspect of social living. The construction of houses and other dwellings is therefore a well-known and highly refined art. Construction techniques and esthetic styles are well known for single family dwellings, detached and semi-detached houses, condominiums, apartment buildings, town houses, and the like.
- Automation is also broad reaching and used heavily in a broad range of industries and is used to build cars, trucks, planes, electronics, appliances and many other products. Automation techniques are increasingly being applied to the housing industry, and indeed are used heavily in the manufacture of modular and panelized homes. Automation is not yet, however, widely applied to the manufacture of traditional site-built homes.
- vapour barrier is also required.
- Such a vapour barrier is usually provided via plastic sheets that are applied to the interior side face of the wall. The vapour barrier can be difficult to install, and in any event presents extra cost and time in the home construction process.
- vapour barriers Another problem with vapour barriers is that mould growth and air leakage can result from punctures that can easily occur in the plastic sheets. Also, application of a moisture barrier in a damp area could actually trap existing moisture within the wall, particularly where the plastic sheeting becomes wrinkled, with all the attendant problems thereto.
- Closed cell foam can be acquired in rigid sheets, and thus are not prone to sag in the same manner as fiberglass. However, the sheets of foam still need to be cut to size in order to fill irregular shaped cavities. Also, a vapour barrier can still be preferred when using sheets of closed cell foam.
- a wall section comprising a first set of substantially parallel supports and a second set of substantially parallel supports disposed substantially perpendicular to the first set.
- the parallel sets of supports are affixed to each other at their junctions.
- the wall section also comprises a covering applied to one side of the supports.
- the covering and the sets of supports define a plurality of cavities in the wall section.
- the wall section also comprises a curable, flowable material that is downwardly injected into one or more of the cavities while the supports are in a horizontal position. Once the material is cured, the wall section can then be moved to the construction site and used to fabricate a home.
- the wall section can further comprise a second covering that is applied to a second side of the supports that is opposite to the first side of the supports.
- the foam material can adhere to both the first covering and the supports in such a manner that the covering is adhered to the supports by the foam material.
- the covering can be drywall, or wood sheathing, or any other type of wall paneling.
- the supports can be made from wood or metal or any other suitable material.
- a torsional and tensional rigidity of the wall section can be increased thereby.
- the thermal resistance (or R value) per inch of flowable material typically surpasses the R value per inch of traditional fiberglass bats.
- R value typically surpasses the R value per inch of traditional fiberglass bats.
- a traditional bat of 3.5 inch fiberglass has an R value of about 12
- three inches of closed foam has an R value of about eighteen.
- traditional fibreglass bats have an R value of about 3.4 per inch of fiberglass
- closed cell foam has an R value of about six per inch.
- the flowable material when the flowable material cures it can provide an air barrier from one side of the wall section to the other side of the wall section.
- the flowable material can be chosen to have a low vapour permeance, and, when coupled with a vapour-barrier primer (applied as a paint to the drywall), then a vapour barrier can be formed that is suitable to substantially eliminate the need for plastic sheeting as a vapour barrier.
- the flowable material can be closed cell foam. Closed cell foam can result in increased strength, increased insulation (thermal resistance), and act as an air barrier and has a low vapour permeance.
- the flowable material can be open cell foam.
- the wall section comprises a first set of substantially parallel supports and a second set of substantially parallel supports that are disposed substantially perpendicular to the first set.
- the parallel and vertical supports are affixed to each other at their junctions.
- the wall section also comprises a covering positioned on one side of the supports. The covering and the sets of supports define cavities in the wall section.
- the method can further comprise applying a second covering to a second side of the supports that is opposite to the first side of the supports.
- the method can further comprise applying the flowable material to both the first covering and portions of the supports that are perpendicular to the first covering and waiting until the foam material cures such that the covering is adhered to the supports.
- the wall sections comprise a first set of substantially parallel supports and a second set of substantially parallel supports disposed substantially perpendicular to the first set of supports.
- the wall sections include a covering applied to one side of the supports. The covering and the sets of supports each define cavities in each wall section.
- the system can also comprise one or more insulation stations for receiving wall sections from the framing stations and for injecting a curable flowable material downwardly into one or more of the cavities while the supports are in a horizontal position.
- the framing stations and the insulation stations can be configured to produce and insulate, respectively, wall sections that have different configurations.
- the system can further comprise automation equipment, such as robotic equipment, for the framing stations and the insulation stations.
- automation equipment such as robotic equipment
- the system can further comprise a computer configured to control the automation equipment in the framing stations and the insulation stations according to a production schedule in order to continuously produce and insulate a plurality of wall sections having different configurations.
- an assembly line comprises one or more framing stations and one or more insulation stations.
- the framing stations are configured to build a wall frame consisting of wall studs and a covering such as drywall.
- the wall studs and drywall define cavities in the frame which are to be insulated.
- mechanical components such as electrical, plumbing, central vacuum, telephone and the like can be installed into the wall section.
- the wall section is then transferred to the insulation station.
- the insulation station is configured to fill the cavities in the wall frame with closed cell foam which is injected in flowable form into each cavity.
- FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a wall section
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an assembly line for manufacturing and insulating the wall section of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the insulation station of the assembly line of FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 4 shows the insulation station of FIG. 3 in greater detail
- FIG. 5 is a partial cross section showing a wall cavity being filled using the injector of the insulation station of FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 6 shows the wall section of FIG. 3 after having been filled by the insulation station of FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 7 is a partial sectional view of the wall section in FIG. 6 with a second sheet of drywall being applied thereto;
- FIG. 8 is a partial sectional view of the wall section of FIG. 6 after the second sheet of drywall has been attached thereto.
- FIG. 9 shows a variation on the wall section of FIG. 6 .
- FIG. 10 shows the wall section of FIG. 9 with various programming parameters identified thereon.
- Wall section 50 comprises a plurality of substantially parallel vertical studs 54 transversely affixed to a plurality of substantially parallel horizontal studs 58 . Not all vertical studs 54 and horizontal studs 58 are labeled in FIG. 1 . Studs 54 , 58 define a frame 60 that is covered on one side by drywall 62 or other type of covering such as plywood, wood or the like. Studs 54 , 58 act as supports for wall section 50 .
- Studs 54 , 58 can be wood and/or metal and/or any other suitable type of home framing material for a traditional site-built home. Studs 54 , 58 are affixed to each other using nails, staples and/or any other type of suitable fastener. Drywall 62 (typically a plurality of sheets of drywall) is affixed to frame 60 with nails, staples, screw and/or glue or any other type of suitable fastener.
- drywall 62 can be only partially affixed to frame 60 , so that drywall 62 is secured to frame 60 so as to simply hold drywall 62 in place so that wall section 50 can be further processed, but not secured to the extent that would traditionally be needed to fully secure drywall 62 to frame 60 in final installation on site.
- the Ontario Building Code 1977 states that “Spacing of 5 ⁇ 8′′ long steel drill screws shall be not more than 300 mm along supports, except that on vertical surfaces the screws may be spaced at 400 mm where the supports are no more than 400 mm o/c.”
- the teachings herein can obviate traditional fasteners and/or mitigate the number of screws that are required according to the Ontario Building Code.
- Wall section 50 is thus characterized by a plurality of cavities 64 - 1 , 64 - 2 , 64 - 3 . . . 64 - 9 . (Generically, cavity 64 , and collectively, cavities 64 ). Wall section 50 , in a present embodiment, is also characterized by a door 68 , and a window 70 .
- each wall section 50 will also include all mechanical components, including, for example electrical, plumbing, heating ventilation air-conditioning (“HVAC”) conduits, central vacuum conduits, telephone, cable television, and/or Ethernet and/or outlets relating to any of the foregoing.
- HVAC heating ventilation air-conditioning
- wall section 50 in its entirety, is typically constructed on an assembly line 74 in a manufacturing facility.
- Assembly line 74 thus includes one or more framing station(s) 78 and one or more insulation station(s) 82 .
- Insulation station 82 will be discussed in greater detail below.
- Framing station 78 is configured to produce wall section 50 . It is also contemplated that assembly line 74 is “flexible”, so that while framing station 78 is configured to produce wall section 50 , framing station 78 is also configured to produce wall sections that have configurations that are different than wall section 50 . In other words, various wall sections produced on assembly line 74 can be different, according to a desired production run for different configurations of traditional site-built homes. Assembly line 74 can also be fully or partially automated, with computers instructing robotic equipment to manufacture each wall section.
- assembly line 74 is substantially automated, including the transfer of wall sections from station 78 to station 82 .
- assembly line 74 includes a central scheduling computer 86 that maintains a production schedule 90 with production runs for station 78 and station 82 .
- Production schedule 90 thus includes instructions for the configuration of wall section 50 and configurations for every other wall section that is to be produced using framing station 78 and insulated at insulation station 82 .
- Computer 86 is configured to deliver instructions to operators and/or robotic equipment in framing station 78 as to the configuration of each wall section to be produced.
- Computer 86 is also configured to notify insulation station 82 as to the configuration of each wall section 78 that has been produced so that insulation station 82 can fulfill the insulation task.
- insulation station 82 is shown in greater detail, which shows wall section 50 within station 82 .
- insulation station 82 includes a robotic X-Y Gantry 91 .
- Gantry 91 includes a pair of rails 94 .
- a transverse rail 98 is positioned perpendicular to rails 94 .
- Transverse rail 98 is motorized and configured to run along the length of rails 94 .
- An injector 102 is mounted to transverse rail 98 and is movable along the length of rail 98 .
- a computerized controller 106 is connected to gantry 91 and can issue instructions thereto in order to move injector 102 to any location above wall section 50 . While the present embodiment contemplates a gantry 91 , it should be understood that other robotic configurations are also contemplated.
- Controller 106 is in turn connected to computer 86 and is configured to receive instructions from computer 86 as to the configuration of the particular wall section 50 within station 82 as found on production schedule 90 .
- Injector 102 is configured to dispense closed cell foam 110 in a flowable form into each cavity 64 .
- Injector 102 is connected to a reservoir (not shown) of foam that is located proximal to station 82 .
- rails 94 and 98 are substantially horizontal and wall section 50 is also positioned substantially horizontally, so that injector 102 is above wall section 102 and all foam 110 dispensed from injector 102 flows substantially downwardly.
- Controller 106 is thus configured to instruct gantry 91 so as to move injector 102 above the extent of each cavity 64 , and to issue instructions to a valve associated with injector 102 that causes injector 102 to either dispense foam 110 , or to cause injector 102 to “shut off” and not dispense foam.
- the valve can also be variable so that the rate of flow of foam 110 is variable. Whether injector 102 is dispensing foam or not, injector 102 is movable along rails 94 , 98 according to instructions from controller 106 .
- Wall section 50 a located within station 82 , while being filled with foam 110 by injector 102 , is shown in greater detail.
- Wall section 50 a includes cavities 64 a and a window 70 a .
- Wall section 50 a is also shown with mechanical components, in the form of electrical conduit 114 a run within cavities 64 a - 6 , 64 a - 7 and 64 a - 8 .
- controller 106 is preprogrammed with a plurality of paths to follow in order to fill each cavity 64 .
- Controller 106 is preprogrammed to move injector 102 within each cavity 64 a according to each predefined path, and dispense a bead of foam 110 along that path.
- Controller 106 is also preprogrammed to move injector 102 between each cavity 64 a without dispensing any foam.
- the rate of travel of injector 102 , and flow rate of foam 110 can be chosen in order to optimize speed of filling each cavity 64 , reduce and/or minimize the overall amount of travel of injector 102 within each cavity 64 a and/or reduce and/or minimize the amount of travel of injector 102 between each cavity 64 a where injector 102 is not dispensing any foam.
- the size of the bead that is injected is chosen so as to optimize any settling and/or expansion that may occur within each cavity 64 a and the cure times of the foam. It can be desired to control the manufacturing steps for each station 78 and 82 such that the cycle time for each station 78 and 82 are substantially the same, and thus the operation of injector 102 can be configured accordingly.
- injector 102 for further control over-filling of cavities 64 a , it can also be desired to configure injector 102 to be movable along an axis perpendicular to rail 98 , in order to control the depth of foam 110 .
- the depth of foam 110 for each cavity is chosen so as to be slightly less than the depth of studs 54 , 58 .
- the actual depth of foam that is dispensed may be less than the final fill depth, in order to account for any expansion of foam that can occur during the curing process.
- wall section 50 a is shown having cavities 64 a therein completely filled with foam 110 by a plurality of beads 122 of foam 110 . It will be noted that the pattern of fill for each cavity 64 a is unique to that cavity. Table I provides an exemplary summary of each pattern of fill.
- Table I The contents of Table I can thus be converted into programming instructions for controller 106 , with each cavity 64 a being filled by injector 102 in the order according the sequence in Table I.
- a second covering can be affixed to frame 60 .
- the second covering is in the form of drywall 126 .
- FIG. 8 in particular shows that the depth of foam is such that a small gap exists between foam 110 and drywall 126 .
- foam 110 adheres to drywall 62 , thereby affixing drywall 62 to frame 60 in a manner that can be more secure than at least some prior art methods which include the sole use of nails and/or staples and/or glue. Since the use of mechanical fasteners (e.g. nails and/or staples) can be substantially eliminated, or at least reduced, drywall 62 is much less susceptible to the phenomenon of “nail-pops” whereby drywall nails, over time, appear to be driven out of wooden studs 54 , 58 and protrude from the surface of drywall 62 , with an unsightly effect.
- mechanical fasteners e.g. nails and/or staples
- the depth of foam 110 is substantially uniform.
- the insulating properties are also substantially uniform along the length of wall section 50 .
- the mechanical adherence of drywall 62 to frame 60 is substantially uniform throughout the entire extent of drywall 62 .
- each wall section 50 can obviate the need for a traditional vapour-barrier of plastic sheeting to be applied, particularly when a vapour-barrier primer is applied to the wall section 50 .
- each wall section 50 with foam 110 can increase the overall strength, both in torsion and in tension, of each wall section 50 .
- wall sections manufactured according to the teachings herein are more resilient during the shipping process and less susceptible to damage than traditional, prior art wall sections.
- the teachings herein can, in certain applications, obviate the use of fasteners for drywall 62 to stud 58 altogether, as the adhesion between the foam and the drywall 62 and stud 58 is sufficient.
- the use of closed cell foam can permit the reduction in the thickness of an exterior wall cavity from six inches to four inches, since the closed cell foam has an R value per inch that is greater than the R value per inch of traditional fiberglass insulation bats. This reduction in wall cavity thickness reduces the amount of lumber used and reduces stresses on the environment.
- a four inch wall cavity using the teachings herein can have the same, or better, air-conditioning and heating costs as a six inch wall cavity that employs traditional fiberglass bats.
- an engineered ventilated station can be configured to thereby reduce exposure to fumes given off during application.
- foam When foam is sprayed vertically into wall cavities on a construction site, the operator has to wear ventilation gear, yet an engineered ventilation system can mean that the operator need wear no gear when foam is sprayed using the teachings herein.
- an engineered ventilation system can mean that the operator need wear no gear when foam is sprayed using the teachings herein.
- the option exists to substantially completely recover the gases and prevent them from release into environment, and there by substantially reduce off-gassing into the environment.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 a variation on wall section 50 a is indicated as wall section 50 b .
- FIGS. 9 and 10 show the specific sequence of passes for each cavity of wall section 50 b .
- Appendix I hereto describes the application parameters of foam for each cavity of wall section 50 b.
- the present invention thus provides, amongst other things, a novel system and method for manufacturing wall sections of houses by providing an assembly line for producing and insulating wall sections.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/216,938 US20110302877A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2011-08-24 | Wall Fabrication System and Method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2,573,687 | 2007-01-11 | ||
| CA002573687A CA2573687C (fr) | 2007-01-11 | 2007-01-11 | Systeme et methode de fabrication de cloisons |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/216,938 Continuation US20110302877A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2011-08-24 | Wall Fabrication System and Method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20080168741A1 true US20080168741A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
Family
ID=39103114
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/676,002 Abandoned US20080168741A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2007-02-16 | Wall fabrication system and method |
| US13/216,938 Abandoned US20110302877A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2011-08-24 | Wall Fabrication System and Method |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/216,938 Abandoned US20110302877A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2011-08-24 | Wall Fabrication System and Method |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20080168741A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2573687C (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2008083478A1 (fr) |
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| NL2006194A (nl) * | 2010-02-12 | 2011-08-15 | Mopac Systems Internat S A | Werkwijze, inrichting en een computerprogramma voor het vervaardigen van een voorgeã¯soleerd skeletbouwsegment. |
| WO2011098984A1 (fr) * | 2010-02-12 | 2011-08-18 | Mopac Systems International S.A. | Procédé, dispositif et programme informatique permettant de fabriquer un segment d'ossature pré-isolé |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20110302877A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
| CA2573687C (fr) | 2009-06-30 |
| CA2573687A1 (fr) | 2008-02-17 |
| WO2008083478A1 (fr) | 2008-07-17 |
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