US20090173301A1 - Surface treated rocker arm shaft - Google Patents

Surface treated rocker arm shaft Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090173301A1
US20090173301A1 US12/348,032 US34803209A US2009173301A1 US 20090173301 A1 US20090173301 A1 US 20090173301A1 US 34803209 A US34803209 A US 34803209A US 2009173301 A1 US2009173301 A1 US 2009173301A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
bearing surface
shaft
rocker arm
core portion
carbon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/348,032
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert Lugosi
Steve Parkinson
James Prescavage
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Roller Bearing Company of America Inc
Original Assignee
Roller Bearing Company of America Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Roller Bearing Company of America Inc filed Critical Roller Bearing Company of America Inc
Priority to US12/348,032 priority Critical patent/US20090173301A1/en
Assigned to ROLLER BEARING COMPANY OF AMERICA, INC. reassignment ROLLER BEARING COMPANY OF AMERICA, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PARKINSON, STEVE, PRESCAVAGE, JAMES, LUGOSI, ROBERT
Publication of US20090173301A1 publication Critical patent/US20090173301A1/en
Assigned to KEYBANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION reassignment KEYBANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: ROLLER BEARING COMPANY OF AMERICA, INC.
Assigned to JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT reassignment JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: ROLLER BEARING COMPANY OF AMERICA, INC.
Assigned to ROLLER BEARING COMPANY OF AMERICA, INC. reassignment ROLLER BEARING COMPANY OF AMERICA, INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KEYBANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
Assigned to ROLLER BEARING COMPANY OF AMERICA, INC. reassignment ROLLER BEARING COMPANY OF AMERICA, INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.,.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention is generally directed to a surface treated rocker arm shaft for an internal combustion engine and is more specifically directed to a surface hardened rocker arm shaft having a case hardened and/or a highly polished surface that is capable of improved wear resistance and deterrence of crack initiation and propagation.
  • Internal combustion engines such as multi-cylinder diesel engines, typically include a crankshaft, a camshaft and a rocker arm shaft.
  • the crankshaft is connected with a plurality of piston rods, which in turn are connected with a plurality of corresponding pistons. Reciprocating movement of the pistons within corresponding combustion cylinders causes rotation of the crankshaft.
  • the crankshaft is typically interconnected with the camshaft via a gear set and thereby rotatably drives the camshaft during operation.
  • the camshaft includes a plurality of cams, with each cam being associated with an inlet valve, and an exhaust valve or a fuel injector valve.
  • the rocker arm shaft carries a plurality of rocker arms, with each rocker arm having a roller follower that engages a corresponding cam on the camshaft. Rotation of the camshaft causes oscillatory pivotal movement of the rocker arms around the rocker arm shaft.
  • the rocker arm shaft is subject to cyclic bending moments as a result of forces applied thereto by the roller follower and cam.
  • rocker arm shafts are manufactured from a high strength through hardened steel such as AISI E52100. Through hardening of the steel imparts a high hardness throughout the entire shaft. The expense of some through hardened steels make them impractical for use as rocker arm shafts in typical internal combustion engines.
  • a shaft for a rocker arm assembly for an internal combustion engine includes a substantially cylindrical outer surface at least a portion of which defines a bearing surface thereon and an interior core portion located radially inward of the outer surface. At least a portion of the outer surface has a hardness greater than that of the core portion, for providing wear resistance and deterring crack initiation and propagation.
  • Rocker arm shafts having a bearing surface that has a hardness greater than that of the core portion can improve resistance to the initiation and propagation of surface cracks inwardly through the core portion.
  • the bearing surface has a Rockwell C scale hardness of at least 59.
  • the bearing surface has a concentration of carbon and/or nitrogen at the outer surface. This concentration extends radially inward from the outer surface to a depth of about 0.063 inches.
  • the bearing surface has an arithmetic mean roughness of less than about 2.5 micro inches.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a rocker arm assembly.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross sectional view of a rocker arm assembly.
  • FIG. 4 is a side cross sectional view of the rocker arm assembly of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the rocker arm assembly of FIG. 3 with a portion of the shaft masked.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic cross sectional view of the rocker arm assembly having a bearing surface having an outer surface treated with a surface finishing process.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a rocker arm assembly generally designated by element number 1 .
  • the rocker arm assembly 1 includes a hollow shaft 2 having a longitudinal axis A and four rocker arms 4 rotationally secured thereto.
  • the rocker arms 4 rotationally and cyclically pivot with respect to the rocker arm shaft 2 about the longitudinal axis A as indicated by arrows marked P.
  • a valve actuating device for an internal combustion engine is generally referred to as numeral 6 .
  • the valve actuating device 6 includes an intake valve 8 for selectively opening and closing an intake port 10 of a combustion chamber 12 defined in a cylinder head 14 of an internal combustion engine.
  • a camshaft 16 includes an intake valve drive cam 18 for actuating the intake valve 8 and a pair of rocker arms 17 A and 17 B for jointly transmitting the lift of the intake valve drive cam 18 to the intake valve 8 .
  • the rocker arm 17 A is shown rotatably mounted on a solid cylindrical rocker arm shaft 19 .
  • FIGS. 3-4 illustrate a portion of a rocker arm assembly 20 for use in overhead valve cylinder deactivation valve trains forming part of an internal combustion engine.
  • the rocker arm assembly 20 includes two rocker arms 22 rotatably mounted on a solid, substantially cylindrical, rocker arm shaft 24 having a longitudinal axis A. During operation, the rocker arms 22 cyclically pivot as illustrated by the arrow R about the axis A.
  • the rocker arm shaft 24 includes an outer surface 26 at least a portion of which defines a bearing surface 28 thereon.
  • Each of the rocker arms 22 includes a substantially cylindrical inside wall 30 defining a bore extending therethrough. The inside wall 30 rotatably engages a contact portion 29 of the bearing surface 28 .
  • the rocker arm shaft 24 is shown having a core portion 32 defined by the outer surface 26 and located radially inward of the bearing surface 28 .
  • the bearing surface 28 has a surface hardness greater than that of the core portion 32 , for improved wear resistance and deterrence of crack initiation and propagation.
  • the rocker arm shaft 24 is manufactured from through hardened ASM 52100 steel and is further case hardened by carburization for increased wear resistance and deterrence of crack initiation and propagation.
  • the carburization case hardening process includes one of gas diffusion, pack diffusion and liquid diffusion.
  • the rocker arm shaft 24 in particular the bearing surface 28 is exposed to a carbon rich atmosphere (e.g., carbon monoxide, carbon powder, or a molten carbon rich bath) for a predetermined period of time.
  • a carbon rich atmosphere e.g., carbon monoxide, carbon powder, or a molten carbon rich bath
  • the carbon rich atmosphere is at a temperature between approximately 1550° F. to 1750° F. The temperature and time are selected based on a desired surface hardness and penetration depth of the carbon.
  • the rocker arm shaft 24 is cooled to a temperature of approximately 70° F. to achieve a desired surface hardness. Cooling can be accomplished by quenching in a liquid and/or by air cooling.
  • the carburization process causes the bearing surface 28 to have a Rockwell hardness, C scale, of at least 59.
  • the carburization process causes the bearing surface 28 and a portion of the shaft 24 radially inward therefrom to an effective case depth d, to have a carbon concentration greater than that of the core 32 .
  • the effective case depth d is a distance from a case hardened exterior surface to a furthest point, interior to the case hardened exterior surface, at which the Rockwell hardness, C scale, is about 50.
  • the effective case depth d is measured perpendicular to the bearing surface. In one embodiment, the case depth d is about 0.063 inch (1.6002 mm).
  • the present invention is not limited in this regard as the present invention is adaptable to other hardening processes including, but not limited to, nitriding wherein nitrogen is diffused into the bearing surface, carbonitriding wherein carbon and nitrogen are diffused into the bearing surface, flame hardening, induction hardening, laser beam hardening and electron beam hardening.
  • Such a surface treatment process includes lapping-like scratching of the surface under extremely high compression of the surface to reduce slip planes, increase surface hardness, increase impact resistance, and increase surface compressive stresses by about twenty percent to a depth of about 0.012 inches. Surface roughness is reduced to less than 1 micro inch.
  • Mikronite Technologies, Inc. of Eatontown, N.J. has a Mikronite® brand surface treatment processes which can be employed.
  • Another process that can deter crack initiation and propagation and increase impact, wear and corrosion resistance is a process using abrasive or non-abrasive media with or without chemical solutions, applied by vibratory methods.
  • Such a process can provide: 1) a superfinished surface, defined as having an ISO Standard No. 4287 Arithmetic Mean Roughness of less than or equal to 2.5 micro inches; 2) an isotropic surface, defined as a surface having no orientation to its surface irregularities; and 3) a specular brightness, defined as a surface in which a clear reflection of an object can be seen.
  • REM Chemicals, Inc. of Southington, Conn. has an Isotropic Superfinish (ISF®) process that can be employed.
  • the case hardened bearing surface 28 of FIG. 4 is treated with the Mikronite® and/or ISF® processes, either before or after carburization case hardening, such that the bearing surface 28 has an Arithmetic Mean Roughness of less than or equal to 2.5 micro inches, a specular brightness and/or is isotropic.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a rocker arm assembly 120 , including two rocker arms 122 rotatably mounted on a solid, substantially cylindrical, rocker arm shaft 124 having a longitudinal axis 1 A.
  • the rocker arm shaft 124 includes an outer surface 126 at least a portion of which defines a bearing surface 128 on portions thereof as described below.
  • Each of the rocker arms 122 includes a substantially cylindrical inside wall 130 defining a bore extending therethrough. The inside wall 130 rotatably engages the bearing surface 128 in the contact region 129 .
  • the rocker arm shaft 124 is shown having a core portion 132 defined by the outer surface and located radially inward of the bearing surface 128 .
  • the contact region 129 of the bearing surface 128 is case hardened by carburization to attain a surface hardness greater than that of the core portion 132 , for example a Rockwell hardness, C scale, of at least 59.
  • portions of the outer surface 126 beyond the contact region 129 are not case hardened and have a hardness about equal to that of the core portion 132 .
  • the effective case depth Id of the case hardened surface of the contact region 129 is about 0.063 inch (1.6002 mm).
  • Portions of the outer surface 126 which do not require hardening are coated with a mask 134 prior to initiation of the case hardening process.
  • the mask 134 is made up of a substance impermeable to carbon, for example copper, to preclude diffusion of carbon into the portions of the outer surface 126 which do not require hardening.
  • the mask 134 is deposited on the portions of the outer surface 126 which do not require hardening by an electro-chemical plating process. After case hardening, for example, carburizing, the mask 134 is removed.
  • case hardening for example, carburizing
  • the mask 134 is removed.
  • the mask 134 is described as being copper, the present invention is not limited in this regard as other coatings are also suitable including but not limited to water soluble coatings.
  • the portions of the outer surface 126 in the contact region 129 , illustrated in FIG. 5 which are selectively case hardened and/or the portions of the outer surface 126 which do not require hardening, are treated with the Mikronite® and/or ISF® processes either before or after case hardening, such that the bearing surface 128 and/or outer surface 126 has an Arithmetic Mean Roughness of less than or equal to 2.5 micro inches, a specular brightness and/or is isotropic.
  • a mask 134 similar to that described above for FIG.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a rocker arm assembly 220 , including two rocker arms 222 rotatably mounted on a solid, substantially cylindrical, rocker arm shaft 224 having a longitudinal axis 2 A.
  • the rocker arm shaft 224 includes an outer surface 226 at least a portion of which defines bearing surface 228 thereon.
  • Each of the rocker arms 222 includes a substantially cylindrical inside wall 230 defining a bore extending therethrough which rotatably engages the bearing surface 228 in the contact region 229 .
  • the rocker arm shaft 224 is shown having a core portion 232 defined by the outer surface 226 and located radially inward of the bearing surface 228 .
  • the bearing surface 228 has a ISO Standard No. 4287 Arithmetic Mean Roughness of less than or equal to 2.5 micro inches, providing a fine polished finish for improved wear resistance and for deterring crack initiation and propagation. In one embodiment the Arithmetic Mean Roughness is less than 1 micro inch. In one embodiment, the bearing surface 228 is isotropic having no orientation to its surface irregularities. In one embodiment, the bearing surface 228 has a specular brightness, defined as a surface in which a clear reflection of an object can be seen. In one embodiment, surface compressive stresses are increased by about twenty percent above pretreated conditions. Such increase in the surface compressive stresses is affected to a depth of about 0.012 inches.
  • rocker arm shafts 28 , 128 and 228 are illustrated as solid substantially cylindrical shafts, the present invention is not limited in this regard as other shaft configurations are adaptable for use in the present invention, including but not limited to case hardening and/or surface treatment of any portion of: hollow rocker arm shafts, rocker arm shafts with grooves for receiving and/or guiding the rocker arms and stepped rocker arm shafts having a plurality of different diameters.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
US12/348,032 2008-01-09 2009-01-02 Surface treated rocker arm shaft Abandoned US20090173301A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/348,032 US20090173301A1 (en) 2008-01-09 2009-01-02 Surface treated rocker arm shaft

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US1993608P 2008-01-09 2008-01-09
US12/348,032 US20090173301A1 (en) 2008-01-09 2009-01-02 Surface treated rocker arm shaft

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20090173301A1 true US20090173301A1 (en) 2009-07-09

Family

ID=40568591

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/348,032 Abandoned US20090173301A1 (en) 2008-01-09 2009-01-02 Surface treated rocker arm shaft

Country Status (2)

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US (1) US20090173301A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2078831A3 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060067824A1 (en) * 2004-09-30 2006-03-30 O'hara Stephen J Turbocharger with titanium component
WO2012082230A1 (en) * 2010-12-18 2012-06-21 Caterpillar Inc. Rocker shaft shim
US20140091063A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-03 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. System for hardening a cylindrical metal component
CN111719109A (zh) * 2020-06-30 2020-09-29 东科克诺尔商用车制动技术有限公司 一种解决转向器摇臂轴光轴和螺纹断裂的方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009007342A1 (de) * 2009-02-04 2010-08-05 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ermitteln einer geltenden Fahrspurmarkierung
CN102242649A (zh) * 2011-07-26 2011-11-16 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 一种摇臂轴

Citations (20)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4491500A (en) * 1984-02-17 1985-01-01 Rem Chemicals, Inc. Method for refinement of metal surfaces
US4705594A (en) * 1986-11-20 1987-11-10 Rem Chemicals, Inc. Composition and method for metal surface refinement
US4818333A (en) * 1987-08-03 1989-04-04 Rem Chemicals, Inc. Metal surface refinement using dense alumina-based media
US4854025A (en) * 1985-06-12 1989-08-08 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Method of producing a turbine rotor
US4906327A (en) * 1989-05-04 1990-03-06 Rem Chemicals, Inc. Method and composition for refinement of metal surfaces
US5005544A (en) * 1990-02-06 1991-04-09 Spangler Earl M Rocker shaft support system for internal combustion engine
US5051141A (en) * 1990-03-30 1991-09-24 Rem Chemicals, Inc. Composition and method for surface refinement of titanium nickel
US5158629A (en) * 1989-08-23 1992-10-27 Rem Chemicals, Inc. Reducing surface roughness of metallic objects and burnishing liquid used
US5158623A (en) * 1990-03-30 1992-10-27 Rem Chemicals, Inc. Method for surface refinement of titanium and nickel
USRE34272E (en) * 1989-05-04 1993-06-08 Rem Chemicals, Inc. Method and composition for refinement of metal surfaces
US5335638A (en) * 1992-12-28 1994-08-09 Suzuki Motor Corporation Evaporated fuel controller
US5507685A (en) * 1993-08-25 1996-04-16 Hoffman; Steve E. Method for surface finishing of difficult polish surfaces
US5848929A (en) * 1997-03-24 1998-12-15 H Technology Centrifugal finisher with fixed outer vessel and rotatable inner vessel
US6227942B1 (en) * 1999-04-21 2001-05-08 H-Semitran Llc Ferrofluidic finishing
US20040000280A1 (en) * 2002-06-27 2004-01-01 Griffin Joseph Traywick Positional fixing of a shaft
US20040074871A1 (en) * 2001-01-10 2004-04-22 Jerry Holland Nonabrasive media with accellerated chemistry
US20050238275A1 (en) * 2003-01-31 2005-10-27 Takeyuki Yoshiba Needle bearing, shaft, compressor for car air-conditioner, and planetary gear mechanism for automatic transmission
US6962134B1 (en) * 2004-08-05 2005-11-08 General Motors Corporation Rocker arm shaft retainer and assembly
US6968819B2 (en) * 2004-01-09 2005-11-29 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Variable valve actuating device
US7093574B2 (en) * 2002-03-05 2006-08-22 Gm Daewoo Auto & Technology Rocker arm shaft for an automobile engine

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US6230676B1 (en) * 1999-04-23 2001-05-15 Toledo Technologies Inc. Interchangeable rocker arm assembly
JP2004060797A (ja) * 2002-07-30 2004-02-26 Koyo Seiko Co Ltd ローラ部材およびその製造方法
DE10306865B3 (de) * 2003-02-19 2004-08-12 Daimlerchrysler Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen einer gehärteten Welle
US20050061600A1 (en) * 2003-09-22 2005-03-24 Holland Ronald A. Automatic dual-function clutch
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Patent Citations (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4491500A (en) * 1984-02-17 1985-01-01 Rem Chemicals, Inc. Method for refinement of metal surfaces
US4854025A (en) * 1985-06-12 1989-08-08 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Method of producing a turbine rotor
US4705594A (en) * 1986-11-20 1987-11-10 Rem Chemicals, Inc. Composition and method for metal surface refinement
US4818333A (en) * 1987-08-03 1989-04-04 Rem Chemicals, Inc. Metal surface refinement using dense alumina-based media
US4906327A (en) * 1989-05-04 1990-03-06 Rem Chemicals, Inc. Method and composition for refinement of metal surfaces
USRE34272E (en) * 1989-05-04 1993-06-08 Rem Chemicals, Inc. Method and composition for refinement of metal surfaces
US5158629A (en) * 1989-08-23 1992-10-27 Rem Chemicals, Inc. Reducing surface roughness of metallic objects and burnishing liquid used
US5005544A (en) * 1990-02-06 1991-04-09 Spangler Earl M Rocker shaft support system for internal combustion engine
US5051141A (en) * 1990-03-30 1991-09-24 Rem Chemicals, Inc. Composition and method for surface refinement of titanium nickel
US5158623A (en) * 1990-03-30 1992-10-27 Rem Chemicals, Inc. Method for surface refinement of titanium and nickel
US5335638A (en) * 1992-12-28 1994-08-09 Suzuki Motor Corporation Evaporated fuel controller
US5507685A (en) * 1993-08-25 1996-04-16 Hoffman; Steve E. Method for surface finishing of difficult polish surfaces
US5848929A (en) * 1997-03-24 1998-12-15 H Technology Centrifugal finisher with fixed outer vessel and rotatable inner vessel
US6227942B1 (en) * 1999-04-21 2001-05-08 H-Semitran Llc Ferrofluidic finishing
US20040074871A1 (en) * 2001-01-10 2004-04-22 Jerry Holland Nonabrasive media with accellerated chemistry
US7005080B2 (en) * 2001-01-10 2006-02-28 Rem Technologies, Inc. Nonabrasive media with accellerated chemistry
US7093574B2 (en) * 2002-03-05 2006-08-22 Gm Daewoo Auto & Technology Rocker arm shaft for an automobile engine
US20040000280A1 (en) * 2002-06-27 2004-01-01 Griffin Joseph Traywick Positional fixing of a shaft
US20050238275A1 (en) * 2003-01-31 2005-10-27 Takeyuki Yoshiba Needle bearing, shaft, compressor for car air-conditioner, and planetary gear mechanism for automatic transmission
US6968819B2 (en) * 2004-01-09 2005-11-29 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Variable valve actuating device
US6962134B1 (en) * 2004-08-05 2005-11-08 General Motors Corporation Rocker arm shaft retainer and assembly

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060067824A1 (en) * 2004-09-30 2006-03-30 O'hara Stephen J Turbocharger with titanium component
WO2012082230A1 (en) * 2010-12-18 2012-06-21 Caterpillar Inc. Rocker shaft shim
US8915224B2 (en) 2010-12-18 2014-12-23 Caterpillar Inc. Rocker shaft shim
US20140091063A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-03 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. System for hardening a cylindrical metal component
CN111719109A (zh) * 2020-06-30 2020-09-29 东科克诺尔商用车制动技术有限公司 一种解决转向器摇臂轴光轴和螺纹断裂的方法

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Publication number Publication date
EP2078831A3 (de) 2011-08-24
EP2078831A2 (de) 2009-07-15

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