US20120100013A9 - Method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor using a surge parameter - Google Patents

Method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor using a surge parameter Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120100013A9
US20120100013A9 US12/777,445 US77744510A US2012100013A9 US 20120100013 A9 US20120100013 A9 US 20120100013A9 US 77744510 A US77744510 A US 77744510A US 2012100013 A9 US2012100013 A9 US 2012100013A9
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Prior art keywords
surge
parameter
equivalent
compressor
control
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Abandoned
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US12/777,445
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US20110280738A1 (en
Inventor
Krishnan Narayanan
Paul Reinke
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ENERGY CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES Inc
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Energy Control Technologies Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Energy Control Technologies Inc filed Critical Energy Control Technologies Inc
Priority to US12/777,445 priority Critical patent/US20120100013A9/en
Priority to EP11165767.2A priority patent/EP2386762B1/fr
Priority to EP18178650.0A priority patent/EP3406908B1/fr
Assigned to ENERGY CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. reassignment ENERGY CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NARAYANAN, KRISHNAN, Reinke, Paul
Publication of US20110280738A1 publication Critical patent/US20110280738A1/en
Publication of US20120100013A9 publication Critical patent/US20120100013A9/en
Priority to US15/856,713 priority patent/US10900492B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed toward a dynamic compressor. More specifically, the present invention is directed toward a method of surge protection utilizing an equivalent map surge parameter.
  • a typical dynamic compressor has a gas inlet and a gas outlet wherein the compressor is driven by a compressor driver so that the gas, while flowing through the compressor, is compressed.
  • a problem associated with dynamic compressors is the amount of gas that passes through the compressor. Specifically, if an insufficient amount of gas flows through the compressor, a surge occurs within the system causing damage to the compressor. Because of the high price of compressors great care must be taken to ensure that compressors are not damaged.
  • an anti-surge or recycling valve is utilized by dynamic compressors to take gas from the outlet of the compressor and recycle it back to the inlet of the compressor to ensure that there is always sufficient gas flowing though the compressor to prevent surges from occurring.
  • Compressor surge control systems also known as anti-surge controllers
  • PID controller for regulating the anti-surge valve when flow rate decreases below a predefined point.
  • Control systems in the art monitor the dynamic compressor system and determine a corresponding compressor map as can be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 4,156,578 to Agar and U.S. Pat. No. 4,949,276 to Staroselsky.
  • a function of volumetric flow at the inlet of the compressor is charted against the polytropic head of the compressor to determine a surge line or surge limit line.
  • the surge limit line represents the line on the graph that once passed (a point immediately to the left of the surge limit line) surging of a compressor can occur.
  • a safety margin is determined and a surge control line is plotted to the right of the surge limit line.
  • the control system then continuously calculates a control parameter that measures a distance to the surge limit line. If the control parameter reaches or is to the left of the surge control line, the controller actuates the anti-surge valve to increase gas flow through the compressor to prevent the control parameter from reaching the surge limit line and causing a surge within the compressor.
  • controllers in the industry employ either fan law method or use similitude theory to derive surge control parameters that in theory are invariant to changes in suction conditions or gas composition.
  • existing methods for invariant parameter calculations do not completely account for variability in gas compressibility or gas specific heat ratio.
  • variations in gas composition tend to make the surge parameter and surge limit line move resulting in operating problems.
  • existing methods for the distance to surge calculation method is dynamically insensitive or sluggish especially as the compressor load increases. Thus, for the existing methods, changes in distance to the surge line is smaller for a given change in compressor load.
  • a principal objective of the present invention is to provide a method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor that prevents damage to the dynamic compressor.
  • Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor that accounts for multiple variables in determining a control parameter.
  • a method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor having a corresponding performance map includes continually calculating an equivalent polytropic head parameter and an equivalent flow parameter. Next, the method involves defining a surge limit line on the compressor map as a function of the equivalent polytropic head parameter. Then a control system continually calculates a distance a control parameter is from the surge limit line wherein the control parameter is dynamic to changes in compressor load. Based on the distance an anti-surge valve is adjusted.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic compressor
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control system of a dynamic compressor
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a surge control system of a dynamic compressor.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph having equivalent flow squared versus equivalent polytropic head.
  • FIG. 1 shows a dynamic compressor 10 that includes a compressor 12 that is driven by a compressor driver 14 .
  • the compressor driver is of any type including a motor, gas turbine, steam turbine, expander or the like.
  • the compressor 12 has a gas inlet 16 and a gas outlet 18 wherein gas flows through the compressor 12 to be compressed.
  • An anti-surge or recycle valve 20 is fluidly connected between the gas inlet 16 and gas outlet 18 so that when the anti-surge valve 20 opens a fluid flow path exists to convey gas from the gas outlet 18 to the gas inlet 16 .
  • a plurality of sensors 22 including pressure sensors, temperature sensors, flow measurement sensors and the like are placed throughout the dynamic compressor 10 in order to determine processed conditions for the components of the dynamic compressor including the compressor 12 , the driver 14 , the gas inlet 16 , and gas outlet 18 and the anti-surge valve 20 .
  • the plurality of sensors 22 are electrically connected to the control system 24 where the control system 24 is in communication with all of the components of the dynamic compressor and controls the opening of the anti-surge valve 20 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a control system 24 used for a dynamic compressor 10 .
  • a controller 26 such as a Network Master controller is utilized in combination with a load controller 28 that monitors the inlet 16 of the dynamic compressor 10 and a surge controller 30 that monitors and operates the anti-surge valve 20 .
  • the arrangement and set up of the control system 24 shown in FIG. 2 is merely an example of a control system 24 for a dynamic compressor 10 and is shown as exemplary.
  • other control arrangements that utilize Master controllers, load controllers, and surge controllers in series cascade and parallel cascade can be used without falling outside the scope of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is yet another exemplary embodiment of the control system 24 used with another dynamic compressor 10 .
  • the station and load controllers are not used and instead the control system 24 takes readings straight from the plurality of sensors 22 to determine an input to the surge valve 20 .
  • the control system 24 of the present invention determines a compressor map that corresponds to the dynamic compressor 10 as best shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the compressor map 32 presents a horizontal axis 34 that measures the square of an equivalent flow q 2 eq and has a vertical axis 36 that presents an equivalent polytropic head.
  • a surge limit line 38 that is calculated by the control system 24 wherein at points to the left of the surge limit line 38 , surge within the dynamic compressor 10 typically occurs.
  • a surge control line 42 Spaced at a predetermined distance that is considered a safety margin 40 is a surge control line 42 wherein when a control parameter reaches a point either on or to the left of the surge control line 42 the control system 24 actuates the anti-surge valve 20 to provide flow through the anti-surge valve 20 .
  • operating control lines 44 that represent additional control lines that are used if the safety margin 40 is desired to be increased to protect against a surge within a compressor.
  • the compressor map 32 of the present invention is an equivalent compressor map wherein instead of attempting to measure inlet volumetric flow and apply it against polytropic head the present invention calculates an equivalent flow parameter q 2 eq and an equivalent polytropic head parameter h eq Specifically:
  • V c sonic velocity of gas at flow conditions
  • T temperature of gas at flow conditions
  • h r c 2 ⁇ [ R c ⁇ n - 1 n - 1 ] n - 1 n
  • control parameter (R) is defined as the process variable for surge controller 24 and shown as:
  • control system 24 determines the distance to the surge control line ⁇ :
  • the surge controller acts on ⁇ to actuate the surge valve and prevent surge.
  • control system 24 In operation, as the dynamic compressor 10 is operating the control system 24 continually monitors the dynamic compressor 10 .
  • the control system 24 continually calculates an equivalent polytropic head parameter and an equivalent flow parameter in the manners discussed above.
  • a surge limit line 38 is defined on the compressor map 32 as a function of the equivalent polytropic head parameter.
  • the control system 24 continually calculates a distance 5 that a control parameter R is from the surge limit line 38 wherein the control parameter is dynamic to changes in the compressor load. Then, as a result of the distance the control parameter is from the surge limit line the control system 24 actuates the anti-surge valve 20 accordingly.
  • the equivalent compressor map 32 bases a surge parameter on the polytropic compression process equation and modeling of the dynamic compressor 10 based on flow, pressure, speed (or inlet guide vane), compressibility and temperatures of the dynamic compressor 10 .
  • the equivalent polytropic head parameter and equivalent flow parameter are based on the dynamic similitude theory, a mach number determination using sonic velocity of gas at flowing conditions and gas compressibility.
  • control parameter (R) When determining control parameter (R), the parameter is dynamic to changes in compressor load, both in the increasing and decreasing direction. Therefore, presented is a control parameter that has high dynamic sensitivity along with invariance of the surge equivalent parameter due to changes in suction pressure, temperature, gas composition, rotation speed or inlet guide vane geometry. Thus, at the very least all of the stated objectives have been met.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
US12/777,445 2010-05-11 2010-05-11 Method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor using a surge parameter Abandoned US20120100013A9 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/777,445 US20120100013A9 (en) 2010-05-11 2010-05-11 Method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor using a surge parameter
EP11165767.2A EP2386762B1 (fr) 2010-05-11 2011-05-11 Procédé de protection contre le pompage d'un compresseur dynamique à l'aide d'un paramètre caractérisant le pompage
EP18178650.0A EP3406908B1 (fr) 2010-05-11 2011-05-11 Procédé de protection contre le pompage pour compresseur dynamique à l'aide d'un paramètre de pompage
US15/856,713 US10900492B2 (en) 2010-05-11 2017-12-28 Method of anti-surge protection for a dynamic compressor using a surge parameter

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/777,445 US20120100013A9 (en) 2010-05-11 2010-05-11 Method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor using a surge parameter

Related Child Applications (1)

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US15/856,713 Continuation-In-Part US10900492B2 (en) 2010-05-11 2017-12-28 Method of anti-surge protection for a dynamic compressor using a surge parameter

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US20110280738A1 US20110280738A1 (en) 2011-11-17
US20120100013A9 true US20120100013A9 (en) 2012-04-26

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US (1) US20120100013A9 (fr)
EP (2) EP3406908B1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180135637A1 (en) * 2010-05-11 2018-05-17 Energy Control Technologies, Inc. Method of anti-surge protection for a dynamic compressor using a surge parameter

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO333438B1 (no) * 2010-07-14 2013-06-03 Statoil Asa Fremgangsmate og apparat for sammensetningsbasert kompressorkontroll og ytelsesovervaking.
CN105443348A (zh) * 2015-12-23 2016-03-30 上海金自天正信息技术有限公司 气体压缩机系统
FR3099806B1 (fr) * 2019-08-07 2021-09-03 Safran Power Units Régulation anti-pompage d’un compresseur de charge équipant un groupe auxiliaire de puissance
CN118442292B (zh) * 2024-05-29 2025-11-18 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 一种压缩机性能控制方法、装置、设备及存储介质
CN118442291B (zh) * 2024-05-29 2025-11-18 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 一种基于压缩空气储能的压缩机控制方法、装置、设备及存储介质

Citations (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4156578A (en) * 1977-08-02 1979-05-29 Agar Instrumentation Incorporated Control of centrifugal compressors
US4464720A (en) * 1982-02-12 1984-08-07 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Centrifugal compressor surge control system
US4949276A (en) * 1988-10-26 1990-08-14 Compressor Controls Corp. Method and apparatus for preventing surge in a dynamic compressor
US5306116A (en) * 1992-04-10 1994-04-26 Ingersoll-Rand Company Surge control and recovery for a centrifugal compressor
US5508943A (en) * 1994-04-07 1996-04-16 Compressor Controls Corporation Method and apparatus for measuring the distance of a turbocompressor's operating point to the surge limit interface
US5798941A (en) * 1996-01-02 1998-08-25 Woodward Governor Company Surge prevention control system for dynamic compressors
US6503048B1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2003-01-07 Compressor Controls Corporation Method and apparatus for estimating flow in compressors with sidestreams
US7094019B1 (en) * 2004-05-17 2006-08-22 Continuous Control Solutions, Inc. System and method of surge limit control for turbo compressors

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US4971516A (en) * 1988-05-04 1990-11-20 Exxon Research & Engineering Company Surge control in compressors
US5195875A (en) * 1991-12-05 1993-03-23 Dresser-Rand Company Antisurge control system for compressors
US5599161A (en) * 1995-11-03 1997-02-04 Compressor Controls Corporation Method and apparatus for antisurge control of multistage compressors with sidestreams
US5709526A (en) * 1996-01-02 1998-01-20 Woodward Governor Company Surge recurrence prevention control system for dynamic compressors
US5908462A (en) * 1996-12-06 1999-06-01 Compressor Controls Corporation Method and apparatus for antisurge control of turbocompressors having surge limit lines with small slopes
AU2009301191B2 (en) * 2008-10-07 2012-08-23 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Method of controlling a compressor and apparatus therefor

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4156578A (en) * 1977-08-02 1979-05-29 Agar Instrumentation Incorporated Control of centrifugal compressors
US4464720A (en) * 1982-02-12 1984-08-07 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Centrifugal compressor surge control system
US4949276A (en) * 1988-10-26 1990-08-14 Compressor Controls Corp. Method and apparatus for preventing surge in a dynamic compressor
US5306116A (en) * 1992-04-10 1994-04-26 Ingersoll-Rand Company Surge control and recovery for a centrifugal compressor
US5508943A (en) * 1994-04-07 1996-04-16 Compressor Controls Corporation Method and apparatus for measuring the distance of a turbocompressor's operating point to the surge limit interface
US5798941A (en) * 1996-01-02 1998-08-25 Woodward Governor Company Surge prevention control system for dynamic compressors
US6503048B1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2003-01-07 Compressor Controls Corporation Method and apparatus for estimating flow in compressors with sidestreams
US7094019B1 (en) * 2004-05-17 2006-08-22 Continuous Control Solutions, Inc. System and method of surge limit control for turbo compressors

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180135637A1 (en) * 2010-05-11 2018-05-17 Energy Control Technologies, Inc. Method of anti-surge protection for a dynamic compressor using a surge parameter
US10900492B2 (en) * 2010-05-11 2021-01-26 Energy Control Technologies, Inc. Method of anti-surge protection for a dynamic compressor using a surge parameter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2386762B1 (fr) 2018-06-20
US20110280738A1 (en) 2011-11-17
EP2386762A1 (fr) 2011-11-16
EP3406908B1 (fr) 2021-07-14
EP3406908A1 (fr) 2018-11-28

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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:NARAYANAN, KRISHNAN;REINKE, PAUL;REEL/FRAME:026989/0986

Effective date: 20110927

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

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