US20140124098A1 - Coated woodworking tool - Google Patents

Coated woodworking tool Download PDF

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US20140124098A1
US20140124098A1 US14/122,217 US201214122217A US2014124098A1 US 20140124098 A1 US20140124098 A1 US 20140124098A1 US 201214122217 A US201214122217 A US 201214122217A US 2014124098 A1 US2014124098 A1 US 2014124098A1
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Prior art keywords
hard
tool
layer
cutting
woodworking
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Roland Duttlinger
Mauro Schindler
Peter Blosch
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W BLOSCH AG
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W BLOSCH AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0623—Sulfides, selenides or tellurides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C14/024—Deposition of sublayers, e.g. to promote adhesion of the coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C14/024—Deposition of sublayers, e.g. to promote adhesion of the coating
    • C23C14/025—Metallic sublayers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C14/027—Graded interfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a coated woodworking tool as per claim 1 and a method for producing such coated woodworking tool as per claim 12 .
  • Cutting tools are characterised by one or a plurality of wedge-shaped cutting edges arranged on a shaft or blade which are used to shape a workpiece by cutting. Depending on the nature of the cutting process, a distinction is made between machining tools for manufacturing processes involving machining and cutting tools for manufacturing processes involving cutting (see www.wikipedia.de, keyword, cutting tool).
  • the cutting tools used need to meet different requirements.
  • a metallic workpiece such as a high speed steel (HSS)
  • temperatures reach between 800° C. and 1200° C. on the cutting wedge. This leads to chemical reactions on the surface, such as oxidation and diffusion processes.
  • the cutting tool is also exposed to high mechanical and thermal alternating voltage. This results in wear on the cutting surfaces, comb cracks, cutting edge chipping, plastic deformation, erosion of the cutting tip (crater wear) etc.
  • Wood is an anistropic material with a fibrous structure, typically has a residual moisture content of usually >10% and contains resins and tanning agents. Accordingly, cutting wear and tear is also different compared with metal working tools. In contrast with metal working tools, wear in woodworking tools is caused primarily by wear, however corrosion and gumming of the blades also play a major role. It is therefore obvious to a person skilled in the art that, due to the different requirements in respect of woodworking and metal working tools, knowledge from the manufacture of metal working tools is not easily transferred to woodworking tools.
  • Cutting edge radius in the context of the present application means the radius r of the actual cutting edge ( FIG. 1 ). In new, sharpened woodworking tools, said radius is generally between 1 and 4 micrometres.
  • the blade is slightly worn (radius>10 ⁇ m), it begins to press down and compresses the wood fibres. The machined wood surface looks good at first, but when it is painted, the compressed fibres spring back up which produces an unusable result on the surface.
  • working with a blade that is no longer ‘sharp’ creates much more dust with a particle size ⁇ 100 ⁇ m, since the fibres are broken apart, not cut.
  • the cutting edge radius in metal working tools is generally much larger than 10 micrometres.
  • a further difference between metal and woodworking tools generally lies in the wedge angle. This is usually between 40 and 60 degrees in woodworking tools, but may be between approx. 45 and 55 degrees in tools used to machine inter alia solid wood, and in metal working tools generally >70 degrees.
  • blades with very small wedge angles of less than 40 degrees, for example between 16 and 20 degrees, are used for woodworking.
  • the different wedge angles of woodworking and metal working tools are determined by the various forces acting on the cutting tools during operation.
  • hard-material layers serve to reduce wear and are used particularly in metal cutting tools, and less so in wood cutting tools.
  • Known hard-material layers for metal working tools consist of TiC, TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, WC, Al 2 O 3 , BC, SiC, VC, CrN or other ceramic compounds.
  • PCD tools polycrystalline tools
  • the hard-material layers can be applied in a known manner by means of PVD (physical vapour deposition), CVD (chemical vapour deposition) and other methods known to a person skilled in the art.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 7,144,208 describes a metal working tool in the form of a low torque tap made from molybdenum-enriched high-speed steel which is coated with a wear-resistant, friction-reducing layer comprising metal nitrides, carbides or carbonitrides, borides or oxides.
  • a wear-resistant, friction-reducing layer comprising metal nitrides, carbides or carbonitrides, borides or oxides.
  • the outer coating region may comprise a single layer with good tribological properties, such as molybdenum disulphide.
  • the outer coating comprises molybdenum disulphide and a metallic additive.
  • Typical metallic additives include Mo, Cr, Nb and/or Ti.
  • alternating layers of molybdenum disulphide and the metallic additive are applied, each at thickness of between 0.1 and 500 nanometres.
  • the total thickness of the coating should range between 0.1 and 10 micrometres.
  • the second inner coating may, for example, have alternating layers of titanium nitride and silicon nitride with a total thickness between 0.5 and 20 ⁇ m.
  • a metallic adherence coating consisting of or containing Al, Si, Ti, Cr, W or Zr can be applied directly to the substrate.
  • the adherence coating may also have layers made up of a nitride of the above metals and a thickness between 1 and 3,000 nanometers.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 7,147,939 also discloses a metal working tool, namely a coated carbide tap, the substrate of which is coated with a wear-resistant layer consisting of metal nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides and/or oxides. Said layer can be coated with a top outer friction-reducing layer comprised of MoS 2 or MoS 2 and transition metals. Both the wear-resistant substrate and the friction-reducing covering layer can be deposited in the form of multiple alternating layers. Moreover, the substrate of the tool can be provided with a metallic adherence coating. A metallic inner layer can also be provided between the wear-resistant layer and the friction-reducing layer.
  • FIGS. 2 to 8 in U.S. Pat. No. 7,147,939 in particular clearly show, the radius of the cutting edge is increased significantly as a result of the coating.
  • the cutting edge radius (as can be seen from the figures) is more than doubled as a result of the coating. If this were transferred to a woodworking tool, cutting edge radii would be produced that are not compatible with the definition of a sharp blade.
  • Molybdenum (MoS 2 ) is a compound with a layer-like structure similar to graphite. Although it has an extremely high melting point of over 2,000° C., it oxidises in air from 315° C. (sublimation temperature is 450° C.). Use up to 1100° C. is possible if no oxygen is present. Since woodworking tools are not cooled during the cutting process and therefore can become extremely hot, molybdenum disulphide has not been considered previously as a sliding layer for woodworking tools. MoS 2 is also known as a soft compound which deteriorates rapidly in a damp environment.
  • EP-A-2 279 837 corrosion resistance is one of the main problems in coated woodworking tools along with wear resistance.
  • a higher residual moisture content of wood accelerates the dissolution of chromium from a hard fundamental CrN layer.
  • EP-A-2 279 837 suggests directly or indirectly coating the fundamental layer containing chromium with a layer containing chromium oxide.
  • layers containing chromium, chromium nitride and chromium oxide respectively are applied alternately at least to the rake face of the cutting tool and consequently the coating remains intact also after the cutting tool has been sharpened, which is generally performed on the flank face.
  • DE-A-195 11 829 discloses a cutting tool, such as a drill, a milling tool, tap drill etc., which is particularly suitable for dry machining or working of light metals, such as aluminium/magnesium alloys, using a reduced quantity of coolant.
  • the cutting part is coated with a hard material layer with a thickness of between 1 and 10 ⁇ m and Vickers hardness between 2,000 and 10,000.
  • a sliding layer with a thickness of between 0.01 and 5 ⁇ m and Mohs hardness between 1 and 2 is deposited on the hard material layer.
  • the wear-resistant layer here may consist of TiN, TiAlN, TiCN, diamond, and the sliding layer of sulphides, selenides, tellurides or transition metals Nb, Ta, Mo and W. It is important that the sliding layer terminates at a distance in front of the main blades and consequently this is formed by the hard, wear-resistant substrate.
  • the layer is between 1 and 5 ⁇ m thick.
  • the use of a solid lubricant layer consisting of MoS2 is advised against since it lacks the required hardness and adequate adhesive force.
  • the solid lubricant layer is between 0.5 and 1 ⁇ m thick.
  • German Patent No. 2 02 898 discloses a hard-material and solid lubricant layer system which is deposited by means of sputtering onto cutting, stamping, drawing and machining tools.
  • a layer with a hexagonal lattice structure, in particular MoS 2 is overlaid onto the first hard-material layer.
  • the overall layer thickness of the hard material and solid lubricant layer system is between 0.1 and 1 ⁇ m.
  • EP-A-0 534 905 discloses tools for machining materials coated with a solid lubricant layer, such as MoS2.
  • the coating is applied at temperatures of below 550° C. by means of cathode sputtering. It is important that as per the teaching of EP-A- 0 534 905, no hard material layer is used, but rather that the MoS 2 layer is deposited directly onto the workpiece.
  • the tools are used for machining light metals.
  • DE-A-198 25 572 discloses a tool made of a hard metal, cermet, ceramic or steel base body and at least one layer deposited thereon, wherein the outer layer substantially consists of MoS 2 . In order to improve adhesion and oxidation resistance, said layer contains between 0.5 and 6 atom %.
  • DE-A-196 22 823 relates to a composite material consisting of a substrate body and a hard-material layer deposited thereon, wherein the outer layer contains a dispersive second phase comprising at least one sulphide and/or selenide of a metal in group IVa, Va and/or VIa of the periodic table.
  • TiS x may be used as the second phase wherein x can be between 1 and 2.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,716,483 discloses a wood cutting tool having a relatively hard first layer and a friction-reducing second layer, which is applied to the first layer. As per the teaching in U.S. Pat. No. 6,716,483, the tool must be cooled for a certain period to an extremely low temperature in order to modify the microstructure of the cutting tool and the coating. Compounds of sulphides, tellurides or selenides with metals in group IVa, Va or VIa of the periodic table are suggested as friction-reducing coatings.
  • a problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a coated woodworking tool with a service life that is as long as possible.
  • a further aim is to provide a woodworking tool with improved ‘cutting ability’ which produces less dust during cutting operations than in the case of conventional tools. More particularly, the aim is to reduce the percentage of dust with a particle size of ⁇ 100 ⁇ m.
  • a further aim is to provide a tool which produces good surface quality of machined wood workpieces.
  • Another aim is to propose a woodworking tool which can be produced at low cost in few process steps.
  • the invention relates to a coated woodworking tool, in particular a cutting tool, comprising a tool body having a cutting part.
  • Such woodworking tools are characterised further in that the wedge angle of the cutting part is less than 65 degrees.
  • At least the rake face of the cutting part or ideally the whole blade, including the cutting edge, is coated with a hard-material layer, wherein the hard-material layer can also be multi-layered and have different compositions.
  • Woodworking tools in the context of the present invention include, for example, knives, blades, cutting edges, drills, milling tools etc.
  • a sliding layer as per the invention or solid lubricant layer respectively, for example, a molybdenum disulphide coating leads to a significantly longer service life of the woodworking tool coated with said layer in spite of oxygen sensitivity and lower sublimation temperature.
  • a possible reason for this surprising result is that the woodworking tool is heated far less than usual due to the friction-reducing coating.
  • the chemical affinity between wood and the sulphur compounds used in the sliding layer could also play a role.
  • the inventors also found to their surprise that the surface quality of wood workpieces, in particular solid wood workpieces, which had been cut using a cutting tool having a coating as per the invention, was considerably better than that of wood workpieces, which had been machined using conventional, uncoated cutting tools or tools with only a hard-material coating.
  • the cutting tools used had the same cutting edge radii in both cases in terms of measurement accuracy, and consequently it could actually be expected that the result would be the same. Surprisingly it was not possible to achieve the same surface quality with woodworking tools, the blades of which were coated with a hard-material layer, as with cutting tools with a sliding layer as per the invention.
  • the measurement of surface quality was performed subjectively by sweeping the palm of the hand over the machined wood. Comparative tests with various people showed that this way of measuring surface quality provided practical results.
  • the cutting tools as per the invention are not only suitable for machining solid wood, but also glued wood such as chipboard or finger jointed, glued wood, which is particularly abrasive due to the adhesives it contains. The inventors also found to their surprise that when cutting wood using a woodworking tool as per the invention, approximately 25% fewer fine dust particles (particle size of ⁇ 100 ⁇ m) were produced over the life of the tool.
  • the sliding layer contains MoS 2 , NbS 2 , TaS 2 , W5 2 , MoSe 2 , NbSe 2 , TaSe 2 , WSe 2 , MoTe 2 , NbTe 2 , WTe 2 or mixed compounds thereof as well as nanostructured layers consisting of the last cited compound as a substantial element.
  • ‘Substantial element’ in the context of the present invention means a percentage in terms of weight of over 50%, of more than 70% or of more than 90% of the compound or mixed compound in question.
  • the remaining percentage in terms of weight can, for example, be a metal from the sub-group IVb, Vb or VIb of the periodic table, in particular Ti, Zr, Hf, W, V, Ta, Cr, Mo or Nb.
  • a percentage of one or more of the above-mentioned metals may be added to the sliding layer containing sulphides, tellurides or selenides such that the metals dissolve in the sliding layer.
  • the thickness of the sliding layer has a lower limit of 0.2 ⁇ m, 0.5 ⁇ m, or 0.8 ⁇ m.
  • the sliding layer may, however, also be over 3 ⁇ m thick in the case of particular applications, although previous experience indicates that layer thickness of more than 3 ⁇ m do not lead to a substantial extension of service life.
  • the thickness of the hard-material layer of the coated woodworking tool on the rake face has a lower limit of 0.5 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m 1.5 ⁇ m, and an upper limit of 7 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, or 3.5 ⁇ m. Tests have shown that a resharpening of the cutting edge can be avoided with such layer thicknesses and a long service life achieved.
  • the hard-material layer consists preferably of compounds of metals in groups IVa, Va, VIa of the periodic table having the elements boron, carbon, nitrogen or oxygen.
  • They may contain TiC, TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, WC, Al 2 O 3 , BC, SiC, VC, CrN, CrBN, CrCN, CrAlN, CrSiN, CrTiN, AlTiN, AlTiCrN, BN, ZrN, ZrCN, AlCrN, Ti2N, SixNy, or mixed compounds of two or a plurality of the above-mentioned materials as a substantial element or consist entirely of said materials.
  • the hard-material layer preferably has a Vickers hardness (VH) between 1,000 and 5,000 or between 2,000 and 4,000 HV.
  • VH Vickers hardness
  • the hard-material layer can also be configured as a gradient layer in which the relative percentage of one or a plurality of metal, in particular chromium, decreases from the inside outwards.
  • the base material of the woodworking tool can be HSS, hard metal, cermet or ceramic.
  • the base body of the tool is a hard alloy containing percentages of chromium, wolfram, nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, iron and/or carbon.
  • a metallic adherence layer which may contain transition metals, can first be applied to the base material of the tool body.
  • the hard-material layer can be a mono-layer or multi-layered, wherein metal intermediate layers, in particular containing transition metals, can also be present between the individual hard-material layers.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a woodworking tool as per the invention, wherein the woodworking tool is coated using a PVD method, in particular an arc evaporation method.
  • a woodworking tool is coated in accordance with the following special method:
  • a vacuum coating chamber with an arc evaporation source and place a cutting tool on a moveable substrate holder of the coating chamber. Then create a high vacuum in the coating chamber and increase the temperature to between 100 and 600° C., or between 400 and 600° C., for an hour by means of a radiant heater.
  • the surface of the cutting tool to be coated is subjected here to ion cleaning by means of Ar ions for between approx. 5 and 60 minutes, or between 15 and 35 minutes.
  • a hard-material layer such as a layer containing Cr, which may be between 0.5 and 3 ⁇ thick, is then deposited onto the cleaned surface by means of arc evaporation using a bias voltage of between 10 and 1,000 V.
  • a metallic adherence layer composed of Mo, Cr, Ti, Zr, Si, Al, W, Nb, Ta, B or mixtures and compounds of the same may also be applied to the surface of the cutting tool beforehand to improve adhesive strength.
  • Nitrogen gas is admitted to the coating chamber to deposit a CrN layer.
  • the bias voltage is set here at between 20 and 200 V. It is possible to apply a CrN partial gradient layer where, during deposition of the CrN partial gradient layer, the nitrogen partial pressure is increased linearly from 0.2 Pa up to 20 Pa until a thickness of the Cr partial gradient layer of between 1 and 3 mm is achieved.
  • a further coating of molybdenum disulphide with a thickness of between 0.5 and 3 micrometres may then be applied by means of a generally known magnetron sputtering method.
  • Molybdenum disulphide can be formed here by the evaporation of molybdenum and simultaneous admission of a gas containing sulphur.
  • an MoS 2 target can be used and MoS 2 sputtered on said target. The latter method may be preferred since the sliding layers produced using said method result in a long service life of the coated tool.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the forms of wear in woodworking
  • FIG. 2 shows a comparison of an uncoated (left) and a coated cutting edge in the prior art (right-hand figure);
  • FIG. 3 Edge radius without coating in linear metres
  • FIG. 4 Edge radius with coating in linear metres.
  • FIG. 1 shows forms of wear in woodworking as described in the dissertation by K. Reh, TU Dresden (2001).
  • the arrow r identifies the cutting edge radius.
  • the following wear parameters can also be defined on the flank face of the cutting tool:
  • the left-hand diagram in FIG. 2 shows the cutting wedge 13 of an uncoated woodworking tool 11 .
  • the rake face has the reference number 15 and the flank face the reference number 17 .
  • the rake face 15 and the flank face 17 are separated by the cutting edge 19 .
  • the right-hand diagram shows the same cutting wedge 13 with a coating 21 .
  • FIG. 2 see also FIG. 4 in U.S. Pat. No. 7,147,939), it is generally assumed that the cutting edge radius increases significantly if the cutting edge is coated. In the present case, the coatings would produce more than a doubling of the cutting edge radius.
  • a woodworking tool A having a defined edge radius is coated by means of a generally known PVD arc method in a coating system as per EP 1 524 329 A1 or WO 0250865 with a base layer containing chromium, for example, CrN.
  • the thickness of the CrN layer is between approx. 1 and 3 micrometres.
  • Molybdenum disulphide with a thickness of approx. 1 micrometre is then applied to the tool A in a further coating system by means of a generally known magnetron sputtering method.
  • the measured edge radius was between 2 and 4 micrometres. Resharpening is therefore not necessary.
  • the edge radius was checked before and after coating on a scanning electron microscope ( FIGS. 3 and 4 ).
  • the tool was then used on a Conturex wood milling machine from Michael Weinig AG.
  • the milling parameters were as follows:
  • the cutting edge radius was measured by means of a scanning electron microscope after 750, 1,500 and 3,000 linear metres.
  • the residual moisture in the wood was between 10% and 14% during the tests.
  • the increase in edge radius can be slowed significantly by the coating.
  • the increased wear resistance also means an increase in service life, i.e. of linear meters to be achieved.
  • the invention relates to a coated woodworking tool, in particular a cutting tool, comprising a tool body having a cutting part, on which cutting part a cutting edge is formed. At least the rake face or the rake and flank faces, and the cutting edge of the cutting part are coated with one hard-material layer and one sliding layer arranged above the one hard-material layer.
  • the sliding layer may be made substantially of sulphides, tellurides, or selenides having a transition metal, in particular having Mo, Nb, Ta, W, Nb, Ta.
  • the sliding layer may consist substantially of MoS 2 , which may have a hexagonal lattice structure and with substantially stoichiometric composition, wherein deviations of ⁇ 20%, less than ⁇ 10% or less than ⁇ 5% are possible. In practice, deviation from the stoichiometric composition may be ⁇ 1% or ⁇ 0.3%.
  • Such a layer is obtained by sputtering a MoS 2 target in a known magnetron sputtering method.
  • the invention relates to a coated woodworking tool 11 , in particular a cutting tool comprising a tool body having a cutting part 13 , on which cutting part 13 a cutting edge 19 is formed. At least the rake face 15 or the rake and flank faces 15 , 17 , and the cutting edge 19 of the cutting part are coated with at least one hard-material layer and one sliding layer arranged above the at least one hard-material layer.
  • the sliding layer may be made substantially of sulphides, tellurides or selenides having a transition metal of subgroup Va and VIa of the periodic table, in particular having Mo, Nb, Ta, W, Nb, Ta.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
US14/122,217 2011-05-27 2012-05-25 Coated woodworking tool Abandoned US20140124098A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00911/11A CH705029A1 (de) 2011-05-27 2011-05-27 Beschichtetes Holzbearbeitungswerkzeug.
CH911/11 2011-05-27
PCT/CH2012/000120 WO2012162849A1 (de) 2011-05-27 2012-05-25 Beschichtetes holzbearbeitungswerkzeug

Publications (1)

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US20140124098A1 true US20140124098A1 (en) 2014-05-08

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US14/122,217 Abandoned US20140124098A1 (en) 2011-05-27 2012-05-25 Coated woodworking tool

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US (1) US20140124098A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2714964B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2835144A1 (de)
CH (1) CH705029A1 (de)
EA (1) EA201391802A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2012162849A1 (de)

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CN104451542A (zh) * 2014-12-05 2015-03-25 大连维钛克科技股份有限公司 一种耐高温高硬度低摩擦系数的多层涂层及其制备方法
GB2539767A (en) * 2015-05-01 2016-12-28 Teer Coatings Ltd Improvements to a substrate coating
US20170021434A1 (en) * 2015-07-21 2017-01-26 Kennametal Inc. Method for producing a machining tool and machining tool
US20170072474A1 (en) * 2014-03-25 2017-03-16 Kanefusa Kabushiki Kaisha Cutting Tool
US9764986B2 (en) 2015-01-22 2017-09-19 Kennametal Inc. Low temperature CVD coatings and applications thereof
CN108715991A (zh) * 2015-12-02 2018-10-30 肖剑 一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法
WO2019152936A1 (en) * 2018-02-02 2019-08-08 Lockheed Martin Corporation Tribological optimized cutter tool for milling titanium or titanium alloys
US12290862B2 (en) 2021-04-19 2025-05-06 Kennametal Inc. Coating, method for coating, and coated cutting tool
US12544838B2 (en) 2019-12-12 2026-02-10 Ceratizit Luxembourg S.A.R.L. Cutting element and the use thereof

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CN111546449B (zh) * 2020-06-08 2020-12-25 阜南县富昌恒业工艺品有限公司 一种提升木材工艺品加工成型后定型稳定性的处理工艺
DE102022209741A1 (de) 2022-09-16 2024-03-21 Wmf Gmbh Schneidklinge und verfahren zu deren herstellung
DE102022213666A1 (de) 2022-12-14 2024-06-20 Wmf Gmbh Schneidklinge und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

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US10179366B2 (en) * 2014-03-25 2019-01-15 Kanefusa Kabushiki Kaisha Cutting tool
CN104451542A (zh) * 2014-12-05 2015-03-25 大连维钛克科技股份有限公司 一种耐高温高硬度低摩擦系数的多层涂层及其制备方法
US9764986B2 (en) 2015-01-22 2017-09-19 Kennametal Inc. Low temperature CVD coatings and applications thereof
GB2539767A (en) * 2015-05-01 2016-12-28 Teer Coatings Ltd Improvements to a substrate coating
GB2539767B (en) * 2015-05-01 2019-10-30 Teer Coatings Ltd Improvements to a substrate coating
US20170021434A1 (en) * 2015-07-21 2017-01-26 Kennametal Inc. Method for producing a machining tool and machining tool
CN108715991A (zh) * 2015-12-02 2018-10-30 肖剑 一种带镀层的钻头的制备方法
WO2019152936A1 (en) * 2018-02-02 2019-08-08 Lockheed Martin Corporation Tribological optimized cutter tool for milling titanium or titanium alloys
US12544838B2 (en) 2019-12-12 2026-02-10 Ceratizit Luxembourg S.A.R.L. Cutting element and the use thereof
US12290862B2 (en) 2021-04-19 2025-05-06 Kennametal Inc. Coating, method for coating, and coated cutting tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2714964A1 (de) 2014-04-09
CA2835144A1 (en) 2012-12-06
CH705029A1 (de) 2012-11-30
EP2714964B1 (de) 2015-07-08
WO2012162849A1 (de) 2012-12-06
EA201391802A1 (ru) 2014-03-31

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