US20190128574A1 - Refrigeration cycle apparatus - Google Patents

Refrigeration cycle apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190128574A1
US20190128574A1 US16/089,634 US201616089634A US2019128574A1 US 20190128574 A1 US20190128574 A1 US 20190128574A1 US 201616089634 A US201616089634 A US 201616089634A US 2019128574 A1 US2019128574 A1 US 2019128574A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
exchange unit
heat exchange
refrigerant
heat transfer
transfer tube
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US16/089,634
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English (en)
Inventor
Shin Nakamura
Akira Ishibashi
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Assigned to MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION reassignment MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ISHIBASHI, AKIRA, NAKAMURA, SHIN
Publication of US20190128574A1 publication Critical patent/US20190128574A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F25B39/028—Evaporators having distributing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/006—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass for preventing frost
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
    • F25B47/025—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting by reversing the cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F17/00—Removing ice or water from heat-exchange apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
    • F28F9/0275—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes with multiple branch pipes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a refrigeration cycle apparatus and an outdoor heat exchanger used for the refrigeration cycle apparatus, and particularly to: a refrigeration cycle apparatus including an outdoor heat exchanger equipped with a main heat exchange unit and an auxiliary heat exchange unit; and such an outdoor heat exchanger.
  • an outdoor heat exchanger used in an air conditioning apparatus as an example of a refrigeration cycle apparatus
  • an outdoor heat exchanger configured such that a heat transfer tube through which refrigerant flows is disposed so as to penetrate a plurality of plate-shaped fins.
  • Such an outdoor heat exchanger is referred to as a fin-and-tube type heat exchanger.
  • a flat tube having a cross section formed in a flat shape is used as a heat transfer tube such that heat exchange is efficiently conducted.
  • There is one type of outdoor heat exchanger including a main heat exchange unit for condensation and an auxiliary heat exchange unit for supercooling.
  • the main heat exchange unit is disposed on the auxiliary heat exchange unit.
  • the refrigerant having flown into the outdoor heat exchanger is heat-exchanged with air while the refrigerant flows through the main heat exchange unit, and then, condensed into liquid refrigerant. Then, the liquid refrigerant flows through the auxiliary heat exchange unit, so that the liquid refrigerant is further cooled.
  • PTD 1 is listed herein as an example of a patent literature disclosing a refrigeration cycle apparatus including an outdoor heat exchanger of the above-described type.
  • the air conditioning apparatus including the outdoor heat exchanger as described above poses the following problem.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger is operated as an evaporator.
  • the surface temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger falls below the freezing point in order to maintain the heat exchange performance. Consequently, frost may adhere to the outdoor heat exchanger.
  • frost may adhere also to this auxiliary heat exchange unit.
  • frost adheres to the outdoor heat exchanger the ventilation resistance increases, so that the heat exchange performance deteriorates.
  • a defrosting operation is performed in the air conditioning apparatus.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a refrigeration cycle apparatus including an outdoor heat exchanger configured to prevent adhesion of frost to an auxiliary heat exchange unit.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an outdoor heat exchanger including such an auxiliary heat exchange unit.
  • a refrigeration cycle apparatus is a refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising an outdoor heat exchanger.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger includes a first heat exchange unit and a second heat exchange unit that is disposed adjacent to the first heat exchange unit.
  • the first heat exchange unit includes a plurality of fins each formed in a plate shape, a first heat transfer tube, a second heat transfer tube, and a pressure loss mechanism.
  • the first heat transfer tube is disposed to penetrate the plurality of fins.
  • the second heat transfer tube is disposed to penetrate the plurality of fins and located at a distance from the first heat transfer tube in a direction crossing a direction in which the first heat transfer tube extends.
  • the pressure loss mechanism is configured to lower pressure of refrigerant flowing through the first heat exchange unit.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus operates such that a temperature of refrigerant flowing into the first heat exchange unit is higher than an outdoor air temperature and that the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the first heat exchange unit is lower than the outdoor air temperature.
  • An outdoor heat exchanger is an outdoor heat exchanger comprising a first heat exchange unit and a second heat exchange unit that is disposed adjacent to the first heat exchange unit.
  • the first heat exchange unit includes a plurality of fins each formed in a plate shape, a first heat transfer tube, a second heat transfer tube, and a pressure loss unit.
  • the first heat transfer tube is disposed to penetrate the plurality of fins.
  • the second heat transfer tube is disposed to penetrate the plurality of fins and located at a distance from the first heat transfer tube in a direction crossing a direction in which the first heat transfer tube extends.
  • the pressure loss unit is disposed between the first heat transfer tube and the second heat transfer tube.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus during the operation of the outdoor heat exchanger functioning as an evaporator, when the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the first heat exchange unit is lower than the freezing point of water, the refrigeration cycle apparatus operates such that the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the first heat exchange unit is higher than the outdoor air temperature and that the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the first heat exchange unit is lower than the outdoor air temperature. Thereby, adhesion of frost to the first heat exchange unit of the outdoor heat exchanger can be prevented.
  • a pressure loss unit configured to lower the pressure of the refrigerant is provided between the first heat transfer tube and the second heat transfer tube, each of which is disposed so as to penetrate a plurality of fins.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a refrigerant circuit in an air conditioning apparatus according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an outdoor heat exchanger in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a refrigerant path of a heat transfer tube in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the refrigerant path of the heat transfer tube in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing each flow of refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger at the time when the outdoor heat exchanger is operated to function as a condenser or at the time when the outdoor heat exchanger is operated to function as an evaporator, in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the flow of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger in the case where the outdoor heat exchanger is operated to function as a condenser in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the flow of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger in the case where the outdoor heat exchanger is operated to function as an evaporator in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram for illustrating the relation between the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through an auxiliary heat exchange unit in the outdoor heat exchanger and the temperature of air in the case where the outdoor heat exchanger is operated to function as an evaporator in an air conditioning apparatus according to the first comparative example.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for illustrating the relation between the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through an auxiliary heat exchange unit in the outdoor heat exchanger and the temperature of air in the case where the outdoor heat exchanger is operated to function as an evaporator in an air conditioning apparatus according to the second comparative example.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram for illustrating the relation between the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the auxiliary heat exchange unit in the outdoor heat exchanger and the temperature of air in the case where the outdoor heat exchanger is operated to function as an evaporator, in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in an outdoor heat exchanger in the case where the outdoor heat exchanger is operated to function as an evaporator in an air conditioning apparatus according to the third comparative example.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram for illustrating the relation between the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through an auxiliary heat exchange unit in the outdoor heat exchanger and the temperature of air in the case where the outdoor heat exchanger is operated to function as an evaporator in the air conditioning apparatus according to the third comparative example.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram for illustrating the relation between the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the auxiliary heat exchange unit in the outdoor heat exchanger and the temperature of air in the case where the outdoor heat exchanger is operated to function as an evaporator in the air conditioning apparatus including a heat transfer tube applied as a pressure loss unit, according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a side view schematically showing the auxiliary heat exchange unit equipped with a throttle device as the first example of the pressure loss unit, in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 is a side view schematically showing the auxiliary heat exchange unit equipped with a throttle device as the second example of the pressure loss unit, in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 is a perspective view schematically showing the auxiliary heat exchange unit equipped with an inter-columnar header as the third example of the pressure loss unit, in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along a cross-sectional line XVII-XVII shown in FIG. 16 in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along a cross-sectional line XVIII-XVIII shown in FIG. 16 in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along a cross-sectional line XIX-XIX shown in FIG. 16 in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 is a perspective view schematically showing the auxiliary heat exchange unit equipped with a header as the fourth example of the pressure loss unit, in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 21 is a perspective view schematically showing the auxiliary heat exchange unit equipped with a U-shaped tube as the fifth example of the pressure loss unit, in the embodiment.
  • an air conditioning apparatus 1 includes a compressor 3 , an indoor heat exchanger 5 , an indoor fan 7 , a throttle device 9 , an outdoor heat exchanger 11 , an outdoor fan 21 , a four-way valve 23 , and a control unit 51 .
  • Compressor 3 , indoor heat exchanger 5 , throttle device 9 , outdoor heat exchanger 11 , and four-way valve 23 are connected through a refrigerant pipe.
  • air conditioning apparatus 1 is provided with: two temperature sensors 53 and 55 each configured to detect the temperature of refrigerant in outdoor heat exchanger 11 ; and a temperature sensor 57 configured to sense the outdoor air temperature. Temperature sensors 53 , 55 , and 57 are electrically connected to control unit 51 . As will be described later, in air conditioning apparatus 1 , control unit 51 controls the temperature of the refrigerant according to the relation with the temperature of the outdoor air (air) in order to prevent adhesion of frost to outdoor heat exchanger 11 when outdoor heat exchanger 11 is operated to function as an evaporator.
  • outdoor heat exchanger 11 includes a main heat exchange unit 13 and an auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 .
  • Main heat exchange unit 13 is disposed on auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 .
  • auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a plurality of first heat transfer tubes 33 a and a plurality of second heat transfer tubes 33 b are disposed so as to penetrate a plurality of plate-shaped fins 31 that are disposed at a distance from one another.
  • first heat transfer tubes 33 a and second heat transfer tubes 33 b a flat tube is used, which has a flat cross-sectional shape having a major axis and a minor axis.
  • FIG. 3 shows a flat tube having one refrigerant path 35 formed therein.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flat tube having a plurality of refrigerant paths 35 formed therein.
  • each of the first heat transfer tube and the second heat transfer tube is not limited to a flat tube, but may be a heat transfer tube having a cross section, for example, formed in a circular shape, an elliptical shape, and the like.
  • the plurality of first heat transfer tubes 33 a are disposed to be spaced apart from each other in the direction in which the minor axis extends.
  • the plurality of first heat transfer tubes 33 a are disposed in the first column.
  • the first column serves as an auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a .
  • the plurality of second heat transfer tubes 33 b are disposed to be spaced apart from each other in the direction in which the minor axis extends.
  • the plurality of second heat transfer tubes 33 b are disposed in the second column.
  • the second column serves as an auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b .
  • auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a (a windward column) is located on the windward side while auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b (a leeward column) is located on the leeward side.
  • the plurality of first heat transfer tubes 33 a each have one end (the first end) connected to a distributor 25 .
  • Distributor 25 of auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 is connected to throttle device 9 (see FIG. 5 ).
  • temperature sensor 53 configured to sense the temperature of the refrigerant is provided.
  • the other ends (the second ends) of the plurality of first heat transfer tubes 33 a and the other ends (the third ends) of the plurality of second heat transfer tubes 33 b are connected through a pressure loss unit 17 (a pressure loss mechanism) configured to lose pressure of the refrigerant.
  • a specific structure of pressure loss unit 17 will be described later.
  • the plurality of second heat transfer tubes 33 b each have one end (the fourth end) connected to main heat exchange unit 13 .
  • temperature sensor 55 configured to sense the temperature of the refrigerant is provided.
  • FIG. 2 representatively shows the case where temperature sensor 55 is provided in the refrigerant pipe that is connected to one end of second heat transfer tube 33 b disposed at the lowermost position, but temperature sensors may be provided at portions of the refrigerant pipes that are connected to their respective one ends of the plurality of second heat transfer tubes 33 b.
  • a plurality of third heat transfer tubes 33 c and a plurality of fourth heat transfer tubes 33 d are disposed to penetrate the plurality of plate-shaped fins 31 that are disposed to be spaced apart from one another.
  • a flat tube is used as in the case of first heat transfer tubes 33 a and second heat transfer tubes 33 b .
  • FIG. 2 shows a series of third heat transfer tube 33 c and fourth heat transfer tube 33 d for simplification of illustration.
  • the plurality of third heat transfer tubes 33 c are disposed to be spaced apart from each other in the direction in which the minor axis extends.
  • the plurality of third heat transfer tubes 33 c are disposed in the first column (a windward column).
  • the first column serves as main heat exchange unit 13 a .
  • the plurality of fourth heat transfer tubes 33 d are disposed to be spaced apart from each other in the direction in which the minor axis extends.
  • the plurality of fourth heat transfer tubes 33 d are disposed in the second column (a leeward column).
  • the second column serves as a main heat exchange unit 13 b.
  • the plurality of fourth heat transfer tubes 33 d each have one end connected to a corresponding one of one ends of the plurality of second heat transfer tubes 33 b through distributor 29 .
  • the plurality of fourth heat transfer tubes 33 d each have the other end connected to a corresponding one of the other ends of the plurality of third heat transfer tubes 33 c .
  • the plurality of third heat transfer tubes 33 c each have one end connected to a header 27 . Header 27 is connected to four-way valve 23 (see FIG. 5 ).
  • Outdoor heat exchanger 11 of air conditioning apparatus 1 is configured as described above.
  • high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is discharged from compressor 3 .
  • the refrigerant flows thereafter as indicated by a dotted line arrow.
  • the discharged high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant (a single phase) flows through four-way valve 23 into outdoor heat exchanger 11 .
  • outdoor heat exchanger 11 heat exchange is conducted between the refrigerant flown therethrough and the air supplied by outdoor fan 21 , so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant is condensed into high-pressure liquid refrigerant (a single phase).
  • the high-pressure liquid refrigerant delivered out of outdoor heat exchanger 11 is turned into refrigerant in a two-phase state including low-pressure gas refrigerant and low-pressure liquid refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant in a two-phase state flows into indoor heat exchanger 5 .
  • indoor heat exchanger 5 heat exchange is conducted between the incoming refrigerant in a two-phase state and the air supplied by indoor fan 7 .
  • the refrigerant in a two-phase state is turned into low-pressure gas refrigerant (a single phase).
  • the low-pressure gas refrigerant delivered out of indoor heat exchanger 5 flows through four-way valve 23 into compressor 3 , and then compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant, which is again discharged from compressor 3 . This cycle is repeated thereafter.
  • the refrigerant delivered from compressor 3 flows into header 27 and passes through header 27 . Then, the refrigerant flows through third heat transfer tube 33 c of main heat exchange unit 13 a in the direction as indicated by an arrow. The refrigerant having flown through third heat transfer tube 33 c then flows through fourth heat transfer tube 33 d of main heat exchange unit 13 b in the direction as indicated by an arrow, and thereafter flows into distributor 29 .
  • the refrigerant having flown into distributor 29 then flows through second heat transfer tube 33 b of auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b in the direction as indicated by an arrow.
  • the refrigerant having flown through second heat transfer tube 33 b then flows through first heat transfer tube 33 a of auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a in the direction as indicated by an arrow.
  • the refrigerant having flown through first heat transfer tube 33 a is discharged to the outside of outdoor heat exchanger 11 .
  • outdoor heat exchanger 11 functioning as an evaporator (a heating operation).
  • a heating operation As shown in FIG. 5 , by driving compressor 3 , high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is discharged from compressor 3 . The refrigerant flows thereafter as indicated by a solid line arrow.
  • the discharged high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant flows through four-way valve 23 into indoor heat exchanger 5 .
  • indoor heat exchanger 5 heat exchange is conducted between the gas refrigerant having flown thereinto and the air supplied by indoor fan 7 . Then, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant is condensed into high-pressure liquid refrigerant (a single phase). Through this heat exchange, the indoor area is heated.
  • throttle device 9 the high-pressure liquid refrigerant delivered out of indoor heat exchanger 5 is turned into refrigerant in a two-phase state including low-pressure gas refrigerant and low-pressure liquid refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant in a two-phase state flows into outdoor heat exchanger 11 .
  • outdoor heat exchanger 11 heat exchange is conducted between the incoming refrigerant in a two-phase state and the air supplied by outdoor fan 21 .
  • the refrigerant in a two-phase state is turned into low-pressure gas refrigerant (a single phase).
  • the low-pressure gas refrigerant delivered out of outdoor heat exchanger 11 flows through four-way valve 23 into compressor 3 and then compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant, which is again discharged from compressor 3 . This cycle is repeated thereafter.
  • the refrigerant delivered from throttle device 9 flows into distributor 25 of auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 and passes through distributor 25 . Then, the refrigerant flows through first heat transfer tube 33 a of auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a in the direction as indicated by an arrow. The refrigerant having flown through first heat transfer tube 33 a then flows through second heat transfer tube 33 b of auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b in the direction as indicated by an arrow.
  • the refrigerant having flown through second heat transfer tube 33 b then flows into distributor 29 of main heat exchange unit 13 .
  • the refrigerant having flown into distributor 29 then flows through fourth heat transfer tube 33 d of main heat exchange unit 13 b in the direction as indicated by an arrow.
  • the refrigerant having flown through fourth heat transfer tube 33 d then flows through third heat transfer tube 33 c of main heat exchange unit 13 a in the direction as indicated by an arrow.
  • the refrigerant having flown through third heat transfer tube 33 c then flows into header 27 and passes through header 27 . Then, the refrigerant is delivered to the outside of outdoor heat exchanger 11 .
  • the outdoor air temperature is higher than the above-described condition
  • the air dry-bulb temperature is 5° C.
  • the air wet-bulb temperature is 4° C.
  • the dew point temperature of air is about 2.8° C.
  • both the air dry-bulb temperature and the dew point temperature may reach the temperature close to the refrigerant temperature.
  • frost may adhere to the outdoor heat exchanger.
  • the air dry-bulb temperature is 2° C.
  • the air wet-bulb temperature is 1° C.
  • the dew point temperature is ⁇ 0.4° C.
  • the refrigerant inlet temperature (Tref-in) of the refrigerant flowing into auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 is lower than the outdoor air temperature (air inlet temperature (Tair-in)).
  • the air dry-bulb temperature immediately reaches approximately the same temperature as the dew point temperature. Since the dew point temperature is lower than the freezing point of water (for example, 0° C.), frost is to adhere to the most part of outdoor heat exchanger 11 including auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 .
  • the defrosting operation is generally performed in the same operation mode as that in the operation of the outdoor heat exchanger functioning as a condenser.
  • the direction in which the refrigerant flows is opposite to the direction in which the refrigerant flows during the operation of outdoor heat exchanger 11 functioning as an evaporator.
  • the refrigerant flows through auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 after it flows through main heat exchange unit 13 (see FIG. 6 ).
  • Auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 is disposed below main heat exchange unit 13 . Accordingly, the quantity of heat of the refrigerant is removed in main heat exchange unit 13 on the upstream side of the refrigerant flow.
  • auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 on the downstream side the performance of defrosting adhering frost deteriorates, which may lengthen the defrosting time.
  • the indoor temperature gradually lowers, so that a comfortable state may not be able to be maintained.
  • frost may further grow to thereby damage auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 and the like.
  • a significant problem may occur, for example, that a heat transfer tube is damaged to thereby cause leakage of refrigerant, and the like.
  • FIG. 9 shows: a graph showing transition of the temperature of the refrigerant that flows through auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 with respect to the refrigerant flow direction (a dashed line); a graph showing transition of the air dry-bulb temperature with respect to the air flow direction (a solid line); and a graph showing transition of the dew point temperature with respect to the air flow direction (a dotted line).
  • the refrigerant outlet temperature (Tref-out) of the refrigerant delivered out of auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 is higher than the outdoor air temperature (air inlet temperature (Tair-in)).
  • air inlet temperature (Tair-in) the outdoor air temperature
  • frost does not adhere to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 , so that auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 is not damaged.
  • the reliability as auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 is ensured.
  • auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 used as a condenser the refrigerant changes so as to be liquefied. Accordingly, in main heat exchange unit 13 used as an evaporator, for evaporating the liquefied refrigerant, the load for heat exchange in main heat exchange unit 13 is increased. Therefore, the heat exchange performance significantly deteriorates.
  • FIG. 10 shows: a graph showing transition of the temperature of the refrigerant that flows through auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 with respect to the refrigerant flow direction (a dashed line); a graph showing transition of the air dry-bulb temperature with respect to the air flow direction (a solid line); and a graph showing transition of the dew point temperature with respect to the air flow direction (a dotted line).
  • This operation of outdoor heat exchanger 11 functioning as an evaporator is performed on the conditions that, in the case where the refrigerant outlet temperature (Tref-out) is lower than the freezing point of water (for example, 0° C.), the refrigerant inlet temperature (Tref-in) of the refrigerant flowing into auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 is higher than the outdoor air temperature (air inlet temperature (Tair-in)), and the refrigerant outlet temperature of the refrigerant delivered out of auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 (Tref-out) is lower than the outdoor air temperature (air inlet temperature (Tair-in)).
  • auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 The refrigerant flowing through auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 is in a two-phase state including liquid refrigerant and gas refrigerant.
  • adjusting the pressure loss of the refrigerant in auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 means the same as adjusting the refrigerant temperature.
  • pressure loss unit 17 is provided between auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a located in the first column and auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b located in the second column, so that auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a is caused to function as a condenser and auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b is caused to function as an evaporator.
  • auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a located in the windward column When auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a located in the windward column is caused to function as a condenser, the air temperature rises. Thus, even when auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b located in the leeward column is caused to function as an evaporator, the air temperature is less likely to fall below the dew point temperature. Thereby, auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 can be caused to entirely function as an evaporator in the state where the temperature of the refrigerant lowers, and also, adhesion of frost to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 can be prevented.
  • auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 In order to reliably prevent adhesion of frost to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 , it is only necessary to perform the operation in such a manner such that the refrigerant outlet temperature (Tref-out) of the refrigerant delivered out of auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 is higher than the dew point temperature.
  • the refrigerant flows through auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a located on the windward side, and thereafter, flows through auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b located on the leeward side.
  • the refrigerant flows from the windward side toward the leeward side in the same manner as with the flow of air.
  • Such the refrigerant flow is referred to as a parallel flow.
  • the flow of the refrigerant from the leeward side toward the windward side is referred to as a counterflow.
  • the refrigerant having flown through second heat transfer tube 33 b then flows through first heat transfer tube 33 a of auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a in the direction as indicated by an arrow.
  • the refrigerant having flown through auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a is caused to flow through main heat exchange unit 13 and thereafter delivered out of outdoor heat exchanger 11 , in the same manner as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 12 represents the case where the refrigerant flows as a counterflow, and shows: a graph showing transition of the temperature of the refrigerant that flows through auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 with respect to the refrigerant flow direction (a dashed line); a graph showing transition of the air dry-bulb temperature with respect to the air flow direction (a solid line); and a graph showing transition of the dew point temperature with respect to the air flow direction (a dotted line).
  • auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 when the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a located on the windward side is set to be higher than the outdoor air temperature (air inlet temperature (Tair-in)), the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b located on the leeward side is also higher than the outdoor air temperature (air inlet temperature (Tair-in)).
  • auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 entirely functions as a condenser, so that the heat exchange performance deteriorates, as having been described with reference to FIG. 9 .
  • outdoor heat exchanger 11 is operated to function as an evaporator so as to prevent adhesion of frost to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 , it is desirable to perform the operation such that the refrigerant flows as a parallel flow along the flow of air.
  • pressure loss unit 17 is disposed between auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a and auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b .
  • a pressure loss unit for example, the friction loss inside the heat transfer tube such as first heat transfer tube 33 a and second heat transfer tube 33 b may be employed.
  • FIG. 13 represents the case where outdoor heat exchanger 11 is operated to function as an evaporator, and shows: a graph showing transition of the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 with respect to the refrigerant flow direction (a dashed line); a graph showing transition of the air dry-bulb temperature with respect to the air flow direction (a solid line); and a graph showing transition of the dew point temperature with respect to the air flow direction (a dotted line).
  • the temperature of the refrigerant lowers gradually by the friction loss inside the heat transfer tube.
  • the friction loss inside the heat transfer tube is defined by the flow velocity of the refrigerant, the inside shape of the heat transfer tube, and the length of the heat transfer tube. Accordingly, the amount of the refrigerant circulating in the air conditioning apparatus, the dimensions of the heat transfer tube inside the outdoor heat exchanger, the number of paths in the heat transfer tube, and the like are set at their respective prescribed values based on the design. Then, on the condition that the refrigerant temperature establishes a prescribed temperature relation, outdoor heat exchanger 11 is operated to function as an evaporator, with the result that adhesion of frost to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 can be prevented.
  • the operation is performed such that the refrigerant inlet temperature (Tref-in) is higher than the outdoor air temperature (air inlet temperature (Tair-in)), and that the refrigerant outlet temperature (Tref-out) is lower than the outdoor air temperature (air inlet temperature (Tair-in)), so that adhesion of frost to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 can be prevented.
  • auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 Furthermore, by performing the operation such that the refrigerant outlet temperature (Tref-out) of the refrigerant delivered out of auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 is higher than the dew point temperature, adhesion of frost to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 can be reliably prevented.
  • a throttle device may be used, for example.
  • FIG. 14 shows throttle devices 39 each of which is provided for a corresponding one of a plurality of first heat transfer tubes 33 a disposed in auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a and a corresponding one of a plurality of second heat transfer tubes 33 b disposed in auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b , such that each of throttle devices 39 is disposed for a route (path) extending from a corresponding one of first heat transfer tubes 33 a to a corresponding one of second heat transfer tubes 33 b .
  • FIG. 14 shows throttle devices 39 each of which is provided for a corresponding one of a plurality of first heat transfer tubes 33 a disposed in auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a and a corresponding one of a plurality of second heat transfer tubes 33 b disposed in auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b , such that each of throttle devices 39 is disposed for a route (path) extending from a corresponding one of first heat transfer tubes 33 a to a corresponding one of second heat transfer tubes 33 b .
  • FIG. 14 shows
  • throttle device 39 provided such that the refrigerants having flown through first heat transfer tubes 33 a are joined on the upstream side of the throttle device, and then branched (divided) again on the downstream side of the throttle device so as to be delivered to their respective second heat transfer tubes 33 b.
  • auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 the opening degree of throttle device 39 is adjusted with respect to the temperature of the refrigerant on the upstream side of throttle device 39 , so that the temperature of the refrigerant on the downstream side of throttle device 39 can be adjusted.
  • throttle device 39 when throttle device 39 is placed between auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a and auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b (between the columns), the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a located on the windward side and the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b located on the leeward side can be separately adjusted.
  • auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a located on the windward side can be entirely functioned as a condenser while auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b located on the leeward side can be entirely functioned as an evaporator. Consequently, as having been described in the first embodiment, adhesion of frost to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 of outdoor heat exchanger 11 can be prevented during the operation of outdoor heat exchanger 11 functioning as an evaporator.
  • a header (an inter-columnar header) may be used, for example.
  • FIG. 16 shows an inter-columnar header 41 disposed between auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a and auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b .
  • a flow path through which refrigerant flows is provided inside inter-columnar header 41 for each route (path) extending from first heat transfer tube 33 a to second heat transfer tube 33 b .
  • a throttle portion 43 is provided at some midpoint of the flow path in such a manner that the cross-sectional area of this midpoint in the flow path is narrower than the cross-sectional area of another portion in the flow path.
  • auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a can be functioned as a condenser while auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b can be functioned as an evaporator. Consequently, during the operation of outdoor heat exchanger 11 functioning as an evaporator, adhesion of frost to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 of outdoor heat exchanger 11 can be prevented.
  • auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a As pressure loss unit 17 disposed between auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a and auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b , for example, two headers may be used, including a header connected to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a and a header connected to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b.
  • FIG. 20 shows a header including a header 45 a , a header 45 b , and a header connection tube 47 .
  • Header 45 a is connected to first heat transfer tube 33 a of auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a .
  • Header 45 b is connected to second heat transfer tube 33 b of auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b .
  • Header connection tube 47 provides connection between header 45 a and header 45 b.
  • auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a and the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b can be separately adjusted.
  • adhesion of frost to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 of outdoor heat exchanger 11 can be prevented during the operation of outdoor heat exchanger 11 functioning as an evaporator.
  • flow paths causing friction loss may be separately provided inside the flow paths of headers 45 a and 45 b Then, also by adjusting the shapes of these flow paths to thereby adjust the pressure loss, adhesion of frost can be prevented.
  • a U-shaped tube may be used other than a header.
  • a U-shaped tube 49 is connected for each route (path) extending from first heat transfer tube 33 a to second heat transfer tube 33 b .
  • the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 a and the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 b can be separately adjusted.
  • adhesion of frost to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 of outdoor heat exchanger 11 can be prevented during the operation of outdoor heat exchanger 11 functioning as an evaporator.
  • refrigerant used in air conditioning apparatus 1 having been described in the above embodiment, by using any kind of refrigerant such as refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R407C, refrigerant R32, refrigerant R507A, refrigerant HFO1234yf, and the like, adhesion of frost to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 of outdoor heat exchanger 11 can be prevented.
  • refrigerant R410A refrigerant R407C
  • refrigerant R32 refrigerant R507A
  • refrigerant HFO1234yf refrigerant HFO1234yf
  • Each of refrigerant R410A and refrigerant R407C is a refrigerant mixture and particularly referred to as a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture.
  • a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture has different compositions in a vapor phase and in a liquid phase in a moist vapor state, and also has a characteristic that it undergoes a phase change of evaporation or condensation while it undergoes a temperature change and a composition conversion between two phases of gas refrigerant and liquid refrigerant under fixed pressure.
  • refrigerant R407C and the like undergo extremely small temperature change during a phase change, and particularly, is referred to as a pseudo-azeotropic refrigerant mixture.
  • Refrigerant R32 and refrigerant HFO1234yf each are refrigerant formed of a single component.
  • Refrigerant R507A is a refrigerant mixture and referred to as an azeotropic refrigerant mixture.
  • the azeotropic refrigerant mixture has a composition that is identical in a vapor phase and a liquid phase in moist vapor in a certain component ratio, and also has a characteristic that it undergoes a phase change of evaporation or condensation at a fixed temperature under fixed pressure, as in the case of the refrigerant formed of a single component.
  • a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture a pseudo-azeotropic refrigerant mixture, refrigerant formed of a single component, or an azeotropic refrigerant mixture
  • the refrigerant outlet temperature is lower than the freezing point of water (for example, 0° C.)
  • the operation is performed such that the refrigerant inlet temperature is higher than the outdoor air temperature and that the refrigerant outlet temperature is lower than the outdoor air temperature, with the result that adhesion of frost to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 of outdoor heat exchanger 11 can be prevented.
  • adhesion of frost to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 can be reliably prevented.
  • refrigeration oil used in the air conditioning apparatus refrigeration oil having compatibility is employed in consideration of the mutual solubility to the refrigerant to be applied.
  • fluorocarbon-based refrigerant such as refrigerant R410A
  • alkylbenzene oil-based refrigeration oil for example, alkylbenzene oil-based refrigeration oil, ester oil-based refrigeration oil or ether oil-based refrigeration oil is used.
  • mineral oil-based refrigeration oil or fluorine oil-based refrigeration oil may be used.
  • the operation is performed such that the refrigerant inlet temperature is higher than the outdoor air temperature and that the refrigerant outlet temperature is lower than the outdoor air temperature, with the result that adhesion of frost to auxiliary heat exchange unit 15 of outdoor heat exchanger 11 can be prevented.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus is not limited to an air conditioning apparatus, but may be applicable, for example, also to an apparatus including an outdoor heat exchanger such as a heat pump water heater configured to perform heat exchange with air. Furthermore, various combinations can be made as appropriate for the refrigeration cycle apparatus including an outdoor heat exchanger, which has been described in the embodiments.
  • the present invention is effectively utilized in a refrigeration cycle apparatus such as an air conditioning apparatus including an outdoor heat exchanger equipped with a main heat exchange unit and an auxiliary heat exchange unit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
US16/089,634 2016-06-24 2016-06-24 Refrigeration cycle apparatus Abandoned US20190128574A1 (en)

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JP7170841B2 (ja) * 2019-03-26 2022-11-14 三菱電機株式会社 熱交換器および冷凍サイクル装置
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CN111238090B (zh) * 2020-01-09 2021-02-02 西安交通大学 一种微通道蒸发器及其控制方法
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EP3477227A4 (fr) 2019-08-07
EP3477227A1 (fr) 2019-05-01
JPWO2017221400A1 (ja) 2019-02-28
WO2017221400A1 (fr) 2017-12-28
CN109312971A (zh) 2019-02-05
ES2844591T3 (es) 2021-07-22
CN109312971B (zh) 2020-11-06

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