US20200038933A1 - Method for producing a component by further forming a preformed contour - Google Patents
Method for producing a component by further forming a preformed contour Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20200038933A1 US20200038933A1 US16/488,143 US201816488143A US2020038933A1 US 20200038933 A1 US20200038933 A1 US 20200038933A1 US 201816488143 A US201816488143 A US 201816488143A US 2020038933 A1 US2020038933 A1 US 2020038933A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- forming operation
- edge region
- blank
- forming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
- B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D19/00—Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes
- B21D19/08—Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes by single or successive action of pressing tools, e.g. vice jaws
- B21D19/088—Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes by single or successive action of pressing tools, e.g. vice jaws for flanging holes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D19/00—Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes
- B21D19/08—Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes by single or successive action of pressing tools, e.g. vice jaws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
- B26D7/10—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting by heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2261/00—Machining or cutting being involved
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a component by further forming a preformed contour of a blank according to the preamble of patent claim 1 .
- the inventive method is hereby characterized, when compared to known methods for producing a component, in particular by an increased freedom of design during the forming process in particular of shear-cut edge regions of the blank.
- a blank or sheet metal blank shall be understood as relating to a cut of a sheet metal, in particular a sheet steel.
- the sheet metal blanks can be uncoated or provided with a metallic and/or organic corrosion protection coating.
- a component shall be understood to relate to a component which is produced from a sheet metal blank by being formed using a forming tool at ambient temperature.
- Sheet metal materials include any formable metal materials, in particular steel however.
- Such components are predominantly used in the automotive construction, but also applications in the home appliance industry, in mechanical engineering or civil engineering or in the field thereof are possible.
- Suppliers of source material attempt to meet the required material demands by reducing the wall thicknesses of high strength and super high strength steels, while at the same time improving component behavior during production and operation.
- the cut blank is placed in a forming tool and the finished component, such as e.g. a chassis carrier, is produced in single or multi-stage forming steps.
- the finished component such as e.g. a chassis carrier
- the cutting edges in particular when being raised or placed up, e.g. collar operations in perforated blanks, are particularly exposed to stress.
- the cutting edges may have various preliminary damages. These are caused on one hand by strain hardening of the material, as a result of the mechanical separation, which represents a total deformation up to material separation. On the other hand, a notch effect may be encountered, which is due to the topography of the cut surface.
- the testing of the forming behavior of cut sheet metal edges with regard to their edge crack sensitivity is carried out with a hole expanding test according to ISO 16630.
- the hole expanding test involves introduction of a circular hole into the metal sheet by shear cutting, which circular hole is then widened by a conical punch.
- the measured variable is the change in the hole diameter relative to the initial diameter and is commensurate with the occurrence of the first crack at the edge of the hole at the cutting edge.
- DE 10 2011 121 904 A1 further discloses to cold-form a shear-cut sheet and, prior to further forming procedures, to locally heat the strain hardened regions by means of a laser with the objective of partial softening.
- the disadvantage here is in particular the local softening, which represents a discontinuity in terms of the often used high strength and super high strength material, especially in stress situations and under oscillatory stress.
- it is unclear how and to what extent partial softening is able to improve formability of the already cold-formed metal sheet.
- DE 10 2014 016 614 A1 describes a method for the production of a component by forming a blank of steel, wherein a cut blank, following optional punching and/or cutting operations in the regions of the shear-cut edges, undergoes a short temperature treatment (max, 10 seconds) of at least 600° C. The heat-treated edges are then cold formed at any time after being heated. Even though this method is basically capable to increase formability of strain hardened mechanically separated sheet edges when compared to other previously known methods, it is still desirable for the afore-stated reasons to realize a still higher formability of the shear-cut edges.
- the invention solves this problem with the features of the claims and in particular by a method for the production of a component by further forming an already preformed contour of a blank, wherein the blank being cut to size beforehand at ambient temperature from a strip or metal sheet, undergoes after optional further manufacturing steps carried out at ambient temperature, such as e.g. punching or cutting operations for realizing recesses or openings, in selected edge regions that have been strain hardened by the punching or cutting operations for obtaining a preformed contour a first forming operation at ambient temperature, which method is characterized in that optionally already the edge regions intended to undergo a forming operation, but at least the edge regions that already have undergone the first forming operation are heated to a temperature of at least 600° C. for a period of a maximal 10 seconds and the edge regions undergo at any time after the heat treatment a second forming operation or further forming operations at ambient temperature with respectively preceding heat treatments.
- both the room temperature for example 20° C.
- the temperature of the forming tool are considered.
- the temperature of the forming tool may lie well above the room temperature.
- the second forming operation may be followed by any number, in particular two, three or four, further forming steps of the edge regions at room temperature, wherein each of the further forming steps is also preceded by a further temperature treatment of the edge regions at at least 600° C. for the period of maximal 10 seconds, in particular for 0.02 to 10 or 0.1 to 2 seconds.
- a component can be produced in a multi-step process, in which the undesired material properties resulting from strain hardening, in particular the increased susceptibility to cracking, are encountered in the material in each forming step, however are eliminated again or at least significantly reduced by the subsequent temperature treatment.
- the second forming operation can be followed according to this embodiment of the method of the invention by any number of alternating forming and heat treatment steps, as a result of which the desired component is ultimately obtained.
- the individual forming and temperature treatment steps of the method according to the invention can be implemented at any time, i.e. temporally decoupled from one another.
- the method according to the invention is particularly applicable to any shear-cut material edges, in particular to punched holes and edges with any contour.
- the heat treatment is preferably implemented over the entire thickness of the blank and in plane direction of the blank in a region which corresponds at most to the thickness thereof.
- the duration of the heat impact depends hereby on the type of heat treatment process.
- Heating itself can be implemented in any desired manner, for example, conductively, inductively via radiation heating, or by laser processing. Especially suitable for temperature treatment is conducive heating, as used for example in the automotive industry in many cases as demonstrated by the example of spot welds.
- the use of a spot welding machine for example with rather short treatment times for the treatment of punched holes in the blank is suitable, whereas at longer edge regions to be treated, the inductive method, radiation heating or laser processing with longer treatment times are considered.
- the heat input is very concentrated into the shear-affected cutting edge regions and is therefore accompanied with a comparatively little energy consumption, in particular with regard to processes in which the entire blank is subjected to a heating or which find application in a stress relief heat treatment that is more time consuming by orders of magnitude.
- the process window for the temperature to be reached in the cutting edge region is moreover very large and includes a temperature range of above 600° C. up to the solidus temperature of approx. 1500° C.
- the treatment is followed by a rapid cooldown as a result of the surrounding cold material, during which a transformation into so-called metastable phases is encountered in transformable steels.
- the resultant microstructure has at least the same or an increased hardness compared to the non-heat-treated region.
- the Vickers hardness increases by up to 1000 HV.
- a microstructural transformation which is normally accompanied with a hardness increase has surprisingly no negative impact on the hole expanding capability, regardless whether, compared to the initial microstructure, a harder and thus less tough microstructure is realized, so that treatment temperatures of the cutting edges up to the solidus limit are also possible.
- an advantageous refinement of the invention provides for flushing these regions with inert gases, for example argon or nitrogen.
- inert gases for example argon or nitrogen.
- the inert gas flushing takes place during the duration of the heat treatment, but may also be carried out, if necessary, in addition shortly before the start and/or in a limited period of time after execution of the heat treatment.
- the forming steps of the method according to the invention can advantageously be executed with forming tools, e.g. cylindrical or conical punches, that already exist in the production.
- thermoforming steps and temperature treatment steps of the method according to the invention By the temporal decoupling of the individual forming steps and temperature treatment steps of the method according to the invention, a particularly high flexibility in the production sequence is rendered possible in the industrial application.
- heating of the cutting edges can also take place immediately after the first forming step or immediately after an optional further forming step.
- a heat treatment apparatus may be placed directly downstream of a forming device for cold forming the blank.
- the blank itself can e.g. be rolled flexibly with different thicknesses or be joined from cold or hot strip of same or different thickness and/or quality.
- the invention is applicable to hot or cold rolled steel strips of soft to high strength steels, which may be provided with a corrosion inhibiting layer as a metallic and/or organic coating.
- the metallic coating may, for example, contain or made of zinc, magnesium, aluminum and/or silicon.
- the suitability of coated steel strips can be explained by the possibility of limiting the treatment of the edge region to a distance from the edge, which corresponds to a fraction of the blank thickness, since in this region the predominant proportion of the damaging strain hardening is present during shear cutting.
- the range up to a distance to the edge of a few tens of micrometers may already be sufficient, so that, for example, the effective corrosion protection of a metallic corrosion-inhibiting layer is not or only insignificantly influenced.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage over the known measures for reducing edge crack sensitivity that the heat treatment alters only the microstructure of the shear-affected edge regions and the strength is hereby normally not reduced, but increased.
- the insensitivity to edge cracks within the meaning of a greater hole expanding capability can be improved by a factor of 3 or even more than 4.
- the significantly increased formability of the critical shear-affected edge regions of blanks is able to lower rejects of formed components on one hand, and previously necessary joining operations may now be dispensed with for example by now feasible collar operations for realization of e.g. bearing points, on the other hand.
- the method according to the invention also allows due to the improved formability of the cutting edge regions the realization of more complex component geometries and thus a greater design freedom when using the same materials.
- the fatigue strength of the cold formed component is, as expected, not reduced as a result of the realized microstructure that possibly may be harder but more homogeneous compared to the initial state, but is increased especially in pronounced two-phase microstructures such as e,g, dual phase microstructures.
- the method according to the invention can be integrated as an intermediate manufacturing step in a series production which specifies a clock rate in the range of 0.1 to 10 seconds.
- the production of sheet metal components in the automotive sector in several successive steps thus represents a predestined field of application of the method according to the invention.
- the invention further relates to the use of a blank of steel for the production of a component, wherein the blank previously cut to size at room temperature from a strip or a metal sheet undergoes after optional further manufacturing steps carried out at room temperature, such as e.g. punching or cutting operations for realizing recesses or openings, in selected edge regions that became strain hardened by the punching or cutting operations for obtaining a preformed contour a first forming operation at room temperature, and wherein the edge regions that underwent the first forming operation are heated to a temperature of at least 600° C. for a period of a maximal 10 seconds, preferably of 0.02 to 10 second or of 0.1 to 2 seconds, and the edge regions undergo a second forming operation at room temperature at any time after the heat treatment.
- punching or cutting operations for realizing recesses or openings
- the strip or metal sheet, from which the blank used for the production of the component is cut to size can be preformed in a pretreatment step and then the blank can be cut from the already preformed strip or metal sheet, when appropriate for manufacturing reasons.
- the already cut blank may be preformed.
- the blank is cut by shearing, wherein the term shear cutting includes both open and dosed cuts, i.e. both cutting and punching operations.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of the individual steps of the method according to the invention.
- the left-hand image of FIG. 1 shows the optional preforming of a blank already cut to size by shear cutting.
- the second image from the left in FIG. 1 shows the punching of a hole in the blank (step 1 ).
- the cutting edges of the hole are then optionally subjected to a heating according to the invention (step 1 a ).
- the method according to the invention furthermore includes the subsequent forming of the blank in the edge regions thereof into a preformed contour, for example, to an incomplete collar (step 2 ).
- the edge regions then undergo the temperature treatment in accordance with the invention of at least 600° C. for a period of up to 10 seconds for elimination or reduction of the strain hardening (step 3 ).
- the component recovers also in the stressed edge regions its formability to a considerable extent, so that in the next step, a new, further forming operation can take place (step 4 ).
- the material stress generated by the second forming operation can be eliminated, at least partially, by a subsequent temperature treatment of at least 600° C. for a period of maximal 10 seconds, whereupon a third forming step can take place. Should the desired result not be achieved as a result of the third forming step, the steps of the temperature treatment of at least 600° C. for a period of maximal 10 seconds, followed by a subsequent forming step at room temperature, may be repeated as often as desired.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017103729.2 | 2017-02-23 | ||
| DE102017103729.2A DE102017103729A1 (de) | 2017-02-23 | 2017-02-23 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils durch Weiterformen einer vorgeformten Kontur |
| PCT/EP2018/051978 WO2018153615A1 (de) | 2017-02-23 | 2018-01-26 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines bauteils durch weiterformen einer vorgeformten kontur |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20200038933A1 true US20200038933A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
Family
ID=61094510
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US16/488,143 Abandoned US20200038933A1 (en) | 2017-02-23 | 2018-01-26 | Method for producing a component by further forming a preformed contour |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20200038933A1 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP3585531B1 (es) |
| KR (1) | KR102386137B1 (es) |
| DE (1) | DE102017103729A1 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2930811T3 (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2743046C1 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2018153615A1 (es) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4201578A1 (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2023-06-28 | Fundación Azterlan | Apparatus and method of forming countersinks and/or mouse holes in a stamped high strength aluminium sheet |
| US12053815B2 (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2024-08-06 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Method for the production of chassis parts from micro-alloyed steel with improved cold formability |
| EP4545199A1 (en) * | 2023-10-23 | 2025-04-30 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for manufacturing steel plate component and manufacturing apparatus |
| US12359276B2 (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2025-07-15 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Method for manufacturing steel sheet for cold press and method for manufacturing press component |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2859510A (en) * | 1955-01-13 | 1958-11-11 | Wheeling Steel Corp | Method of forming a boiler head or the like |
| SU795631A2 (ru) * | 1978-11-24 | 1981-01-15 | Предприятие П/Я Р-6543 | Способ отбортовки |
| RU2105626C1 (ru) * | 1993-06-15 | 1998-02-27 | Комсомольское-на-Амуре авиационное производственное объединение | Способ отбортовки отверстий |
| DE102009016027A1 (de) * | 2009-04-02 | 2010-10-07 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils, insbesondere eines Karosserieteiles, sowie Fertigungsstraße zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| DE102009049155B4 (de) | 2009-10-12 | 2017-01-05 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Kantenrissempfindlichkeit eines Blechmaterials und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Prüflings aus diesem Blechmaterial |
| DE102011121904B4 (de) | 2011-12-21 | 2025-06-12 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur scherenden Bearbeitung von Blechen mit einer anschließenden Umformung sowie ein hierzu bestimmtes Schneidwerkzeug |
| EP2679692A1 (de) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-01 | GEDIA Gebrüder Dingerkus GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines pressgehärteten Formbauteils aus Stahlblech |
| DE102012014258A1 (de) * | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-16 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils aus Stahl mit verminderter Kantenrissempfindlichkeit |
| KR101477375B1 (ko) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-12-30 | 현대제철 주식회사 | 강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
| US20140261919A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Usa, Llc | Low carbon-high manganese steel and manufacturing process thereof |
| DE102014016614A1 (de) | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-04 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils durch Umformen einer Platine aus Stahl |
| DE102014116017A1 (de) * | 2014-11-04 | 2016-05-04 | Lissmac Maschinenbau Gmbh | Vorrichtung mit einer Wendeeinheit zum Wenden eines Werkstücks und Bearbeitungsvorrichtung |
-
2017
- 2017-02-23 DE DE102017103729.2A patent/DE102017103729A1/de active Pending
-
2018
- 2018-01-26 WO PCT/EP2018/051978 patent/WO2018153615A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2018-01-26 EP EP18702238.9A patent/EP3585531B1/de active Active
- 2018-01-26 ES ES18702238T patent/ES2930811T3/es active Active
- 2018-01-26 KR KR1020197024438A patent/KR102386137B1/ko active Active
- 2018-01-26 RU RU2019129532A patent/RU2743046C1/ru active
- 2018-01-26 US US16/488,143 patent/US20200038933A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12053815B2 (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2024-08-06 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Method for the production of chassis parts from micro-alloyed steel with improved cold formability |
| US12359276B2 (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2025-07-15 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Method for manufacturing steel sheet for cold press and method for manufacturing press component |
| EP4201578A1 (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2023-06-28 | Fundación Azterlan | Apparatus and method of forming countersinks and/or mouse holes in a stamped high strength aluminium sheet |
| EP4545199A1 (en) * | 2023-10-23 | 2025-04-30 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for manufacturing steel plate component and manufacturing apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3585531B1 (de) | 2022-10-05 |
| KR20190120205A (ko) | 2019-10-23 |
| WO2018153615A1 (de) | 2018-08-30 |
| EP3585531A1 (de) | 2020-01-01 |
| DE102017103729A1 (de) | 2018-08-23 |
| KR102386137B1 (ko) | 2022-04-12 |
| ES2930811T3 (es) | 2022-12-22 |
| RU2743046C1 (ru) | 2021-02-12 |
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| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SALZGITTER FLACHSTAHL GMBH, GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MUETZE, STEFAN;SCHNEIDER, MATTHIAS;WESTHAEUSER, SEBASTIAN;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:050656/0231 Effective date: 20190819 |
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