Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
  • C10M125/26—Compounds containing silicon or boron, e.g. silica, sand
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M129/68—Esters
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
  • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
  • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
  • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/086—Imides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
  • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
  • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of lubricants, which may notably be used in vehicle engines, in particular lubricant compositions for preventing or reducing preignition in an engine.
• the air/fuel mixture may be prematurely ignited by a lighting source before the ignition by the spark from the spark plug, which leads to a phenomenon known as preignition.
• preignition since this is generally reflected by the presence of a large increase in the temperatures and pressures in the combustion chamber, and thus have a significant negative impact on the efficiency and overall performance of an engine. Furthermore, preignition may cause significant damage to the cylinders, pistons, spark plugs and valves in the engine and in certain cases may even result in an engine breakdown, or even an engine failure.
• LSPI low-speed preignition
• preventing and/or reducing preignition, in particular LSPI must be maintained over time, i.e. during prolonged use of the lubricant composition, for example between two oil changes or after a certain number of kilometres driven.
• patent application WO 2015/023559 describes a method for reducing preignition by adding, to a lubricant composition, an additive for retarding the ignition, said additive being chosen from organic compounds comprising at least one aromatic nucleus.
• preignition intensifies during prolonged use of the lubricant composition.
• preignition is particularly exacerbated in the case of “spent” lubricant compositions.
• Document US 2015/322367 A1 describes a method for preventing or reducing LSPI in an engine lubricated with a composition comprising a base oil and a detergent comprising an alkaline-earth metal of an organic acid.
• the term “spent lubricant composition” is intended to denote a lubricant composition used in the course of at least one oil change interval, i.e. over a distance travelled by the vehicle of between 10 000 and 30 000 km, preferably between 15 000 and 30 000 km.
• fresh lubricant composition is intended to denote a lubricant composition which has never been used in an engine.
• the term “aged lubricant composition” is intended to denote a lubricant composition which has undergone artificial aging, by simulation of the conditions of use of the lubricant composition in an engine.
• This artificial aging makes it possible to reproduce in an accelerated manner the aging of the oil when it is used in an engine in the course of an oil change interval.
• it is a lubricant composition which has undergone iron-catalyzed oxidation at a temperature above 150° C., preferably between 150° C. and 170° C. and for a time of at least 110 hours, preferably between 120 hours and 150 hours, according to the GFC Lu-43A-11 method.
• preignition has a tendency to become worse in the course of use of a lubricant composition, which is thus really efficient only when it is fresh.
• lubricant compositions which have the capacity of preventing and/or reducing preignition, in particular LSPI, of an engine, in particular of a motor vehicle engine, in a prolonged manner in the course of its use, more precisely once the lubricant composition is spent.
• the solutions favored in the prior art recommend selecting particular additives which can play a role in reducing the preignition which takes place in the engine.
• the lubricant compositions may incorporate a large number of different additives, giving them particularly advantageous properties, without it being possible to predict which additives will have a beneficial impact on preventing preignition, all the more so in the long term.
• the lubricant compositions have a tendency to become oxidized. This may result in a variation in the viscosity of the composition, the presence of oxidation residues in the composition or the formation of a deposit on the parts which are in contact with the composition. These phenomena are liable to have a negative effect on all of the properties, notably the working properties, of the lubricant composition, and thus to reduce its service life and/or the oil change interval.
• the present invention is specifically directed toward meeting these needs.
• the present invention relates to the use of a lubricant composition
• a lubricant composition comprising
• preignition for preventing and/or reducing preignition, in particular low-speed preignition, in a vehicle engine, preferably of a motor vehicle,
• composition being used in the course of at least one oil change interval, preferably over a distance travelled by the vehicle of between 10 000 km and 30 000 km, without adding fresh lubricant composition,
• the content of boron present in the composition being between 150 ppm and 350 ppm by weight.
• the term “motor vehicle” is intended to denote a vehicle comprising at least one wheel, preferably at least two wheels, propelled by an engine, notably a combustion and explosion engine, in particular a reciprocating-piston or rotary-piston, diesel or positive-ignition internal combustion engine.
• an engine notably a combustion and explosion engine, in particular a reciprocating-piston or rotary-piston, diesel or positive-ignition internal combustion engine.
• Such engines may be, for example, two-stroke or four-stroke gasoline or diesel engines.
• the prevention and/or reduction of preignition is preferentially measured for spent lubricant composition relative to fresh lubricant composition.
• the inventors have demonstrated that the use of at least one boron derivative in an aged lubricant composition can significantly improve the ignition temperature of said composition and consequently retard the preignition, in particular LSPI, which may occur in the course of its use in an engine.
• the ignition temperature denotes here the temperature of initiation of the exothermic peak during a temperature rise, measured by HPDSC (High-Pressure Differential Scanning calorimetry).
• the boron derivatives present in a lubricant composition according to the invention thus advantageously make it possible to prevent preignition, in particular LSPI, during its use in the course of at least one oil change interval, preferably over a distance travelled by the vehicle of between 10 000 km and 30 000 km.
• a boron content in the lubricant composition of at least 150 ppm by weight is required in order to obtain an advantageous effect in preventing preignition, in particular LSPI.
• a lubricant composition used according to the invention thus advantageously shows limited oxidation over the course of its prolonged use in an engine, notably over the course of an oil change interval.
• a subject of the invention is also the use of at least one boron derivative, in particular as defined below, in a lubricant composition comprising at least one base oil, the content of boron present in the composition being between 150 ppm and 350 ppm by weight, for preventing and/or reducing preignition, in particular low-speed preignition, in a vehicle engine, preferably of a motor vehicle, said lubricant composition being used in the course of at least one oil change interval, preferably over a distance travelled by the vehicle of between 10 000 km and 30 000 km, without adding fresh lubricant composition.
• a subject of the invention is also the use of at least one boron derivative, in particular as defined below, in a lubricant composition comprising at least one base oil, the content of boron present in the composition being between 150 ppm and 350 ppm by weight, for limiting the degradation of the performance in terms of preventing and/or reducing preignition, in particular low-speed preignition, in a vehicle engine, preferably of a motor vehicle, of said composition after its use in the course of at least one oil change interval, preferably over a distance travelled by the vehicle of between 10 000 km and 30 000 km, without adding fresh lubricant composition.
• a subject of the invention is also a process for preventing and/or reducing preignition, in particular low-speed preignition, in a vehicle engine, preferably of a motor vehicle, preferably in the long term, comprising at least the following steps: a) placing the engine in contact with a lubricant composition comprising at least one base oil and at least one boron derivative, the content of boron present in the composition being between 150 ppm and 350 ppm by weight;
• the invention also relates to the use of a lubricant composition
• a lubricant composition comprising:
• preignition for preventing and/or reducing preignition, in particular low-speed preignition, in a vehicle engine, preferably of a motor vehicle,
• composition having undergone iron-catalyzed oxidation at a temperature above 150° C., preferably between 150° C. and 170° C. and for a time of at least 110 hours, preferably between 120 hours and 150 hours, according to the GFC Lu-43A-11 method,
• the content of boron present in the composition being between 150 ppm and 350 ppm by weight.
• a lubricant composition used according to the present invention comprises (i) at least one boron derivative.
• the boron derivative may notably be chosen from boric acid derivatives, boronic acid derivatives, boronates, borates, borated dispersants, such as boron succinimide derivatives, in particular borated polyisobutene succinimide, borated detergents, such as borate carboxylates, simple orthoborates, borate epoxides, borate esters and mixtures thereof.
• the boron derivative may notably be chosen from C 10 -C 24 fatty acid esters of borate, borated dispersants, such as boron succinimide derivatives, in particular borated polyisobutene succinimide, and mixtures thereof.
• boron derivatives that may be used according to the present invention are compounds that are well known to those skilled in the art and may be obtained via any process also known to those skilled in the art.
• Boron derivatives are more particularly known for their use in a lubricant composition in order to preserve a good level of fuel economy in an engine.
• the content of boron present in a lubricant composition used according to the invention is between 150 ppm and 350 ppm by weight.
• the boron derivative may be present in a lubricant composition used according to the invention in a content ranging from 0.01% to 3% by weight, preferably from 0.05% to 2.5% by weight, more preferentially from 0.1% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, as long as the total content of boron in the lubricant composition is between 150 ppm and 350 ppm by weight.
• the lubricant composition used according to the invention comprises from 150 to 300 ppm by weight of boron, preferably from 160 to 260 ppm by weight of boron.
• a lubricant composition used according to the present invention comprises (ii) at least one base oil.
• the base oil(s) may be oils of mineral, synthetic or natural, animal or plant origin, known to those skilled in the art.
• the mineral or synthetic oils generally used in the lubricant composition belong to one of the groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or the equivalents thereof according to the ATIEL classification) as summarized in Table 1 below.
• API classification is defined in American Petroleum Institute 1509 “Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System” 17th edition, September 2012.
• the ATIEL classification is defined in “The ATIEL Code of Practice”, number 18, November 2012.
• the mineral base oils include any type of base obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, deasphalting, solvent deparaffinning, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing.
• the synthetic base oils may be chosen from esters, silicones, glycols, polybutene, poly-alpha-olefins (PAO), alkylbenzene or alkylnaphthalene.
• the base oils may also be oils of natural origin, for example esters of alcohols and of carboxylic acids, which may be obtained from natural resources, such as sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, soybean oil, etc.
• the base oil may be chosen more particularly from synthetic oils, mineral oils and mixtures thereof.
• a lubricant composition used according to the present invention comprises at least one base oil chosen from the oils of group III, the oils of group IV and mixtures thereof.
• composition used according to the present invention may also comprise one or more additives as defined more precisely in the text hereinbelow, different from the boron derivative defined above.
• the additives that may be incorporated into a composition according to the invention may be chosen from antioxidants, detergents different from the boron derivative defined above, viscosity index improvers, friction modifiers, wear-resistance additives, extreme-pressure additives, dispersants different from the boron derivative defined above, pour point improvers, antifoams, and mixtures thereof.
• additives used are chosen so as not to affect the properties of the lubricant composition, in particular as regards preventing and/or reducing preignition, notably LSPI, in an engine.
• additives may be introduced individually and/or in the form of a mixture such as those already available for sale for commercial lubricant formulations for vehicle engines, with a performance level as defined by the ACEA (Association des Constructeurs Eurofugs d'Automobiles) and/or the API (American Petroleum Institute), which are well known to those skilled in the art.
• ACEA Association des Constructeurs Eurofugs d'Automobiles
• API American Petroleum Institute
• composition used according to the invention may also comprise at least one antioxidant additive.
• the antioxidant additive generally makes it possible to retard the degradation of the composition in service. This degradation may notably be reflected by the formation of deposits, the presence of sludges, or an increase in the viscosity of the composition.
• the antioxidant additives notably act as free-radical inhibitors or hydroperoxide destroyers.
• antioxidant additives of phenolic type antioxidant additives of amine type and phospho-sulfur-based antioxidant additives.
• Some of these antioxidant additives, for example the phospho-sulfur-based antioxidant additives, may be ash generators.
• the phenolic antioxidants additives may be ash-free or may be in the form of neutral or basic metal salts.
• the antioxidants additives may notably be chosen from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted with at least one C 1 -C 12 alkyl group, N,N′-dialkyl-aryl-diamines, and mixtures thereof.
• the sterically hindered phenols are chosen from compounds comprising a phenol group, in which at least one carbon vicinal to the carbon bearing the alcohol function is substituted with at least one C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, preferably a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, preferably a C 4 alkyl group, preferably with a tert-butyl group.
• Amine compounds are another class of antioxidant additives that may be used, optionally in combination with the phenolic antioxidants additives.
• amine compounds are aromatic amines, for example the aromatic amines of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 in which R 4 represents an optionally substituted aliphatic or aromatic group, R 5 represents an optionally substituted aromatic group, R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula R 7 S(O) z R 8 in which R 7 represents an alkylene group or an alkenylene group, R 8 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group and z represents 0, 1 or 2.
• R 4 represents an optionally substituted aliphatic or aromatic group
• R 5 represents an optionally substituted aromatic group
• R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula R 7 S(O) z R 8 in which R 7 represents an alkylene group or an alkenylene group, R 8 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group and z represents 0, 1 or 2.
• Sulfurized alkylphenols or the alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salts thereof may also be used as antioxidant additives.
• antioxidant additives are that of copper compounds, for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, copper salts of carboxylic acids, and copper dithiocarbamates, sulfonates, phenates and acetylacetonates. Copper I and II salts and succinic acid or anhydride salts may also be used.
• a composition used according to the invention may contain any type of antioxidant additive known to those skilled in the art.
• a composition used according to the invention comprises at least one antioxidant additive chosen from diphenylamine, phenols, phenol esters and mixtures thereof.
• a composition used according to the invention may comprise from 0.05% to 2% by weight and preferably from 0.5% to 1% by weight of at least one antioxidant additive relative to the total weight of the composition.
• composition used according to the invention may also comprise at least one detergent additive different from the boron derivative required according to the present invention.
• the detergent additives generally make it possible to reduce the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving the oxidation and combustion byproducts.
• the detergent additives that may be used in a composition used according to the invention are generally known to those skilled in the art.
• the detergent additives may be anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon-based chain and a hydrophilic head.
• the associated cation may be a metal cation of an alkali metal or an alkaline-earth metal.
• the detergent additives are preferentially chosen from alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulfonates, salicylates and naphthenates, and also phenate salts.
• the alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals are preferentially calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
• metal salts generally comprise the metal in a stoichiometric amount or in excess, thus in an amount greater than the stoichiometric amount. They are then overbased detergent additives; the excess metal giving the overbased nature to the detergent additive is then generally in the form of a metal salt that is insoluble in the oil, for example a carbonate, a hydroxide, an oxalate, an acetate or a glutamate, preferentially a carbonate.
• composition used according to the invention may contain any type of detergent additive known to those skilled in the art.
• a composition used according to the invention comprises at least one detergent additive chosen from alkaline-earth metal salts, preferably from calcium salts, magnesium salts, and mixtures thereof.
• the detergent additive may be added to the composition so as to supply a content of metal element ranging from 150 ppm to 2000 ppm, preferably from 250 ppm to 1500 ppm.
• composition used according to the present invention may also comprise a viscosity index-enhancing additive.
• viscosity index-enhancing additives examples include polymeric esters, hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated homopolymers or copolymers, styrene, butadiene and isoprene, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates (PMA) or olefin copolymers, notably ethylene/propylene copolymers.
• a composition used according to the invention comprises at least one viscosity index-enhancing additive chosen from hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated homopolymers or copolymers, styrene, butadiene and isoprene.
• it is a hydrogenated styrene/isoprene copolymer.
• a composition used according to the invention may comprise, for example, from 2% to 15% by weight of viscosity index-enhancing additive relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the wear-resistance additives and the extreme-pressure additives protect the friction surfaces by forming a protective film adsorbed onto these surfaces.
• the wear-resistance additives are chosen from phospho-sulfur-based additives, such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
• the preferred compounds are of formula ZnOSP(S)(OR 2 )(OR 3 )) 2 , in which R 2 and R 3 , which may be identical or different, independently represent an alkyl group, preferentially an alkyl group including from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
• Amine phosphates are also wear-resistance additives that may be employed in a composition according to the invention.
• the phosphorus introduced by these additives may act as a poison for the catalytic systems of motor vehicles since these additives are ash generators.
• These effects can be minimized by partially replacing the amine phosphates with additives which do not introduce phosphorus, for instance polysulfides, notably sulfur-based olefins.
• a composition used according to the invention may comprise from 0.01% to 6% by weight, preferentially from 0.05% to 4% by weight and more preferentially from 0.1% to 2% of wear-resistance additives and of extreme-pressure additives, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
• a composition used according to the invention is preferably free of wear-resistance additives and of extreme-pressure additives.
• a composition used according to the invention may be free of phosphate-based additives.
• a composition used according to the invention may comprise at least one friction-modifying additive.
• the friction-modifying additive may be chosen from a compound providing metal elements and an ash-free compound.
• the compounds providing metal elements mention may be made of complexes of transition metals such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu or Zn, the ligands of which may be hydrocarbon-based compounds comprising oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus atoms.
• the ash-free friction-modifying additives are generally of organic origin and may be chosen from fatty acid monoesters of polyols, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, fatty amines or fatty acid esters of glycerol.
• the fatty compounds comprise at least one hydrocarbon-based group comprising from 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
• a composition used according to the invention may comprise from 0.01% to 2% by weight or from 0.01% to 5% by weight, preferentially from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1% to 2% by weight of friction-modifying additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• composition used according to the invention is free of friction-modifying additive.
• a composition used according to the invention may also comprise at least one pour-point depressant additive.
• the pour-point depressant additives By slowing down the formation of paraffin crystals, the pour-point depressant additives generally improve the cold-temperature behavior of the composition.
• pour-point depressant additives examples include polyalkyl methacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes and polyalkylstyrenes.
• composition used according to the invention may comprise at least one dispersant different from the boron derivative required according to the present invention.
• the dispersant may be chosen from Mannich bases, succinimides and derivatives thereof.
• a composition used according to the invention may comprise, for example, from 0.2% to 10% by weight of dispersant different from the boron derivative required according to the present invention, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• a lubricant composition according to the invention is more particularly intended to be used in an engine, notably in a vehicle engine, in particular in a gasoline vehicle engine.
• a lubricant composition has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100° C. according to the standard ISO 3104, of between 5 and 20 mm 2 /s, preferably between 5 and 15 mm 2 /s and more particularly between 6 and 13 mm 2 /s.
• composition as described previously is advantageous in that it can, by means of its use in an engine, prevent and/or reduce the preignition which takes place in said engine over the long term, notably after use for a period corresponding to at least one oil change interval.
• the invention relates to the use of a composition as defined previously for preventing and/or reducing preignition, in particular low-speed preignition, in a vehicle engine, preferably of a motor vehicle, said composition being used in the course of at least one oil change interval, preferably over a distance travelled by the vehicle of between 10 000 km and 30 000 km, without adding fresh lubricant composition.
• preignition was observed at low speed in engines (LSPI) and is further exacerbated in direct-injection engines, in particular downsized engines.
• a lubricant composition comprising:
• LSPI low-speed preignition
• the content of boron in the composition being between 150 ppm and 350 ppm by weight.
• the inventors have found that the presence of a boron derivative in an aged lubricant composition makes it possible to significantly reduce the occurrence of preignition in an engine.
• the present invention also relates to the use of at least one boron derivative, in particular as defined above, in a lubricant composition comprising at least one base oil, the content of boron in the composition being between 150 ppm and 350 ppm by weight, said lubricant composition being used in the course of at least one oil change interval, preferably over a distance travelled by the vehicle of between 10 000 km and 30 000 km, without adding fresh lubricant composition, for preventing and/or reducing preignition, in particular low-speed preignition, in a vehicle engine, preferably of a motor vehicle.
• a lubricant composition according to the invention has an ignition temperature higher than that obtained for a lubricant composition not comprising any boron derivative or comprising an additional additive different from the boron derivative required according to the invention.
• composition defined above thus has the advantage of preventing and/or reducing preignition in an engine, by virtue of its prolonged use in an engine.
• the invention also relates to a process for preventing and/or reducing preignition, in particular low-speed preignition, in a vehicle engine, preferably of a motor vehicle, preferably in the long term, comprising at least the following steps:
• a) placing the engine in contact with a lubricant composition comprising at least one base oil and at least one boron derivative, the content of boron in the composition being between 150 ppm and 350 ppm by weight;
• a spent lubricant composition used according to the invention has an ignition temperature higher than that of a spent lubricant composition not in accordance with this definition.
• the ignition temperature denotes here the temperature of initiation of the exothermic reaction measured by HPDSC (High-Pressure Differential Scanning calorimetry).
• the temperature increase is at least 2%, preferably at least 4%, more preferentially at least 5%, measured according to the protocol detailed in the examples, relative to the ignition temperature of a lubricant composition comprising a base oil but free of boron derivative.
• the invention also relates to the use of at least one boron derivative, in particular as defined above, for the purposes of increasing the ignition temperature, measured by high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry, of a lubricant composition, in particular by at least 2%, preferably by at least 4%, said composition being used in the course of at least one oil change interval, preferably over a distance travelled by the vehicle of between 10 000 km and 30 000 km, without adding fresh lubricant composition, relative to a spent lubricant composition free of any boron derivative compound, the content of boron in the composition being between 150 ppm and 350 ppm by weight.
• composition according to the invention make it possible to define uses according to the invention that are also particular, advantageous or preferred.
• the percentages are weight percentages. The percentages are thus expressed are as weight percentages relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius unless otherwise indicated, and the pressure is atmospheric pressure, unless otherwise indicated.
• the oils used in the examples below underwent simulated aging. This simulation is performed by oxidation of the oil catalyzed with 100 ppm of iron at 170° C. for 144 hours, according to the GFC-Lu-43A-11 method.
• the preignition tendency is determined in terms of temperature of initiation of the exothermic reaction, measured by HPDSC (High-Pressure Differential Scanning calorimetry).
• the temperature of appearance of an exotherm on the curve thus obtained is likened to the phenomenon of preignition, such as LSPI.
• This temperature is correlated to the time.
• the oxidation resistance of the lubricant compositions can be evaluated in the course of iron-mediated aging according to the protocol (Method for aging lubricant oils) described above.
• Each sample is characterized by its viscosity fluctuation (RKV100) by comparing the kinematic viscosity value measured at 100° C. according to the method ISO 3104 or ASTM D445 at the time of the sample collection (KV100 i ) relative to its initial value before aging (KV100 0 ).
• the calculation performed is as follows:
• RKV ⁇ ⁇ 100 KV ⁇ ⁇ 100 1 - KV ⁇ ⁇ 100 0 KV ⁇ ⁇ 100 0 ⁇ 100 ⁇ ⁇ ( as ⁇ ⁇ a ⁇ ⁇ relative ⁇ ⁇ percentage )
• the lubricant compositions A0 to A3 were prepared.
• the amount of calcium is 1350 ppm by weight and the amount of magnesium is 300 ppm by weight.
• the amount of boron in composition A1 is 160 ppm by weight.
• the amount of boron in composition A2 is 260 ppm by weight.
• the amount of boron in composition A3 is 180 ppm by weight.
• compositions are prepared by mixing, at a temperature of the order of 30 to 40° C., of the compounds detailed in Table 2.
• the lubricant compositions thus prepared have kinematic viscosity values at 100° C. that are suitable for their use in engines, in particular vehicle engines.
• the lubricant compositions are subsequently aged according to the protocol (aging method) detailed above.
• the exothermic reaction initiation temperature (ignition temperature) was measured for the reference oil and the lubricant compositions of Example 1, according to the measurement method (laboratory preignition tendency method) defined above.
• compositions A1 to A3 according to the invention comprising at least one boron derivative, have higher ignition temperatures than for the same composition not comprising any boron derivative required according to the invention (reference composition A).
• the lubricant compositions are prepared and tested in comparison with a reference lubricant composition not comprising any boron derivative.
• the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. was determined according to the standard ISO 3104.
• the composition was subsequently aged according to the catalyzed aging protocol described above, whilst carrying out oxidation measurements over the course of aging, in accordance with the protocol detailed above.
• the exothermic reaction initiation temperature was measured, according to the measurement method (laboratory preignition tendency method) defined above.
• Viscosity index enhancer of hydrogenated 10.5 styrene/isoprene copolymer type
• Viscosity index enhancer of polymethacrylate type 0.2 Diphenylamine antioxidant (Irganox ® L-57) 0.8 KV100 (mm 2 /s) 11.51 Ignition temperature (° C.) 197 RKV100 at 72 h (%) ⁇ 8.7 RKV100 at 96 h (%) ⁇ 9.0 RKV100 at 120 h (%) ⁇ 8.7 RKV100 at 144 h (%) ⁇ 7.5 HKV100 (%/hour) 0.012
• the additive package is a mixture of different additives that are common in the field of lubricants and commercially available. It comprises wear-resistance additives of zinc dithiophosphate type, detergents based on calcium and magnesium, and dispersants of PIBSI type.
• the lubricant compositions B0 to B2 were prepared.
• It comprises wear-resistance additives of zinc dithiophosphate type, detergents based on calcium and magnesium, and dispersants of PIBSI type.
• the amount of boron in composition B0 is 180 ppm by weight.
• the amount of boron in composition B1 is 45 ppm by weight.
• the amount of boron in composition B2 is 450 ppm by weight.
• compositions are prepared by mixing, at a temperature of the order of 30 to 40° C., of the compounds detailed in Table 5.
• the lubricant compositions thus prepared have kinematic viscosity values at 100° C. that are suitable for their use in engines, in particular vehicle engines.
• the lubricant compositions are subsequently aged according to the protocol (aging method) detailed above.
• the exothermic reaction initiation temperature (ignition temperature) was measured for the lubricant compositions of Example 1, according to the measurement method (laboratory preignition tendency method) defined above.
• the oxidation of each of the lubricant compositions was also evaluated by measuring the fluctuation of the kinematic viscosity measured at 100° C. (RKV100) throughout the aging of the compositions and in accordance with the protocol (Measurement of the oxidation) described above.
• Composition B0 according to the invention comprising at least one boron derivative in a content of between 150 ppm and 350 ppm by weight, has both an ignition temperature that is higher than that measured for the reference composition and very satisfactory oxidation resistance.
• composition B1 comprising less than 150 ppm by weight of boron, has a lower ignition temperature which does not allow the desired level of demand to be achieved.
• composition B2 although it has a higher ignition temperature, its oxidation stability is wholly inadequate for use in an engine in the long term.

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• 2019
  • 2019-02-04 FR FR1901052A patent/FR3092335B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2020
  • 2020-01-31 US US17/428,201 patent/US20220119726A1/en not_active Abandoned
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