US20250215531A1 - Copper alloy for a sliding member, a cast member, a sliding member, and a production method thereof - Google Patents

Copper alloy for a sliding member, a cast member, a sliding member, and a production method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US20250215531A1
US20250215531A1 US18/851,396 US202318851396A US2025215531A1 US 20250215531 A1 US20250215531 A1 US 20250215531A1 US 202318851396 A US202318851396 A US 202318851396A US 2025215531 A1 US2025215531 A1 US 2025215531A1
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United States
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mass
copper alloy
less
iron
sliding member
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US18/851,396
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Ryo SHISHIDO
Hiroshi Yamada
Tatsuya Otsuka
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Kurimoto Ltd
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Kurimoto Ltd
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Assigned to KURIMOTO, LTD. reassignment KURIMOTO, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OTSUKA, TATSUYA, SHISHIDO, Ryo, YAMADA, HIROSHI
Publication of US20250215531A1 publication Critical patent/US20250215531A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/025—Casting heavy metals with high melting point, i.e. 1000 - 1600 degrees C, e.g. Co 1490 degrees C, Ni 1450 degrees C, Mn 1240 degrees C, Cu 1083 degrees C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a copper alloy used in a sliding member, and containing no lead as its main component.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses, in its Example, a copper alloy for a sliding member consisting of not less than 5.14% by mass and not more than 15.54% by mass of tin; not less than 0.42% by mass and not more than 1.04% by mass of sulfur; not less than 0.31% by mass and not more than 3.43% by mass of iron; not less than 0.012% by mass and not more than 0.033% by mass of phosphorus; and a balance consisting of copper and unavoidable impurities.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses, as a copper alloy having improved machinability, a copper alloy wrought material consisting of tin, phosphorus, sulfur, and a balance consisting of copper and unavoidable impurities, the copper alloy wrought material containing a dispersed sulfide whose average diameter is 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m and whose area ratio is 0.1 to 10% in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wrought material.
  • the copper alloy of Patent Document 1 has a problem in that if the iron content is smaller than a predetermined amount, the sliding properties are insufficient.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses the effect of machinability of a copper alloy containing tin, sulfur and phosphorus other than iron, but Patent document 2 is silent about the sliding properties. Generally, copper alloys having good machinability and suitable for cutting are not suitable for sliding applications.
  • a copper alloy in which the iron content is large has a problem in that cast defects tend to occur, thus causing many defective products when producing the copper alloy by casting.
  • the present invention provides a copper alloy for a sliding member according to a first embodiment, the copper alloy consisting of: not less than 3.0% by mass and not more than 16.0% by mass of tin; not less than 0.3% by mass and not more than 1.0% by mass of sulfur; less than 0.3% by mass of iron; not less than 0.04% by mass and not more than 0.5% by mass of phosphorus; and a balance consisting of copper and unavoidable impurities.
  • the tin content is not less than 6.0% by mass and not more than 15.0% by mass, and the iron content is not less than 0.005% by mass and less than 0.3% by mass.
  • the tin content is not less than 9.0% by mass and not more than 11.0% by mass
  • the sulfur content is not less than 0.5% by mass and not more than 1.0% by mass
  • the iron content is not less than 0.005% by mass and less than 0.05% by mass.
  • a sliding member comprising the cast member, which is formed of the copper alloy according to any one of the first to third embodiments.
  • the present invention also provides a production method for producing a sliding member, the production method comprising: melting a material such that copper alloy components thereof comprise not less than 3.0% by mass and not more than 16.0% by mass of tin, not less than 0.3% by mass and not more than 1.0% by mass of sulfur, less than 0.07% by mass of iron, and not less than 0.04% by mass and not more than 0.5% by mass of phosphorus; and casting the melted material.
  • the tin content is not less than 6.0% by mass and not more than 15.0% by mass, and the iron content is not less than 0.005% by mass and less than 0.05% by mass.
  • FIG. 1 A is an evaluation cross-sectional photograph of a fracture portion of Example 9 in a castability test.
  • FIG. 1 B is an evaluation cross-sectional photograph of a fracture portion of Example 10 in a castability test.
  • FIG. 1 C is an evaluation cross-sectional photograph of a fracture portion of Comparative Example 6 in a castability test.
  • the copper alloy for a sliding member consists of predetermined amounts of tin, sulfur, iron and phosphorus; and a balance consisting of copper and unavoidable impurities.
  • the copper alloy needs to contain not less than 3.0% by mass of tin. Tin improves the matrix strength of the copper alloy, improves the wear resistance, and keeps the sliding properties good, but if the tin content is less than 3.0% by mass, these effects will be insufficient. On the other hand, the tin content needs to be not more than 16.0% by mass. If the tin content is more than 16.0% by mass, the counterpart component may be significantly worn, and good sliding properties may not be obtained.
  • the tin content is preferably not less than 6.0% by mass and not more than 15.0% by mass, and more preferably not less than 9.0% by mass and not more than 11.0% by mass.
  • the copper alloy needs to contain not less than 0.3% by mass of sulfur.
  • Sulfur reacts with one or both of copper and iron, thereby forming a sulfide.
  • the sulfide has solid lubricity, reduces the friction coefficient, improves compatibility, and provides good sliding properties in a sliding state. If the sulfur content is less than 0.3% by mass, these effects will not be obtained or will be insufficient.
  • the sulfur content is preferably not less than 0.5% by mass.
  • the sulfur content needs to be not more than 3.0% by mass, because if the sulfur content is more than 3.0% by mass, sulfur is likely to reduce the strength.
  • the sulfur content is preferably not more than 1.0% by mass, and more preferably not more than 0.7% by mass.
  • the copper alloy needs to contain less than 0.3% by mass of iron. If the iron content is not less than 0.3% by mass, the hardness of the copper alloy will increase significantly, and thus when the copper alloy is used as a sliding member, the sliding member is likely to attack and wear the counterpart component, or the elongation will decrease, thereby reducing the performance of the product. On the other hand, the wear resistance tends to worsen as the iron component decreases. This is because, in view of the fact that iron together with sulfur forms a Fe—S compound that improves the sliding properties of the copper alloy, iron is desirably contained to form the amount of Fe—S compound required to ensure necessary sliding properties.
  • the iron content is preferably not less than 0.005% by mass and less than 0.3% by mass, and more preferably not less than 0.005% by mass and not more than 0.05% by mass.
  • the copper alloy needs to contain less than 0.3% by mass of iron in view of castability. This is because if the iron content is not less than 0.3% by mass, casting defects are likely to exist in the product after casting. Also, in order to ensure sufficient castability, the iron content is preferably not more than 0.07% by mass.
  • the copper alloy needs to contain not less than 0.04% by mass of phosphorus.
  • Phosphorus has the effect of forming a Cu—P compound together with copper, thereby increasing the hardness of the entire copper alloy.
  • the phosphorus content needs to be not more than 0.5% by mass, because if more than 0.5% by mass of phosphorus is present, the hardness of the entire copper alloy will increase significantly, so that the seizure resistance will decrease.
  • the copper alloy preferably contains copper and unavoidable impurities as the elements other than the above-mentioned elements.
  • the amount of elements contained as unavoidable impurities is preferably as small as possible, and more preferably is equal to or below the detection limit.
  • Such elements are, e.g., molybdenum and nickel.
  • Examples of the sliding member in which the copper alloy of the present invention is used include, e.g., a linear bushing and a cylinder liner that include a rolling bearing or a sliding bearing.
  • a suitable production method for producing the sliding member according to the present invention it is possible to use, for example, a casting method such as gravity casting, centrifugal casting or die casting.
  • a casting method such as gravity casting, centrifugal casting or die casting.
  • the occurrence of casting defects is reduced as described above.
  • the cast member exhibits a good balance with respect to strength, elongation, and hardness and wear amount relating to wear resistance, and can be suitably used as the sliding member.
  • a raw material was prepared such that the components after casting would consist of predetermined % by mass of components as shown in table 1; and a balance consisting of copper and unavoidable impurities, the raw material was heated to 1200° C. and melted to obtain a copper alloy, and the copper alloy was cast by the gravity casting method using a casting mold.
  • test piece of 14 A was prepared which includes a parallel portion having a diameter of 5 mm, and which is based on JIS Z2241.
  • test piece Using the test piece, a tensile test was conducted (with Instron 5982, made by Instron Corporation), and the test piece was evaluated by the tensile strength and the elongation when the test piece broke.
  • a Brinell hardness test was conducted (with BO3, made by Imai Seiki Co., Ltd.) with respect to the cast copper alloy after the above heat treatment, and the alloy was evaluated by Brinell hardness.
  • the test conditions are as follows: the test force was 500 kgf, and a cemented carbide ball having a diameter of 10 mm was used as an indenter.
  • Example 1 10.4 0.55 0.003 0.14 Balance 286 22.7 88.8 0.15 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Example 2 10.4 0.53 0.009 0.14 Balance 302 29.9 86.9 0.12 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Example 3 10.6 0.47 0.17 0.15 Balance 321 22.0 91.8 0.12 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Example 4 6.3 0.63 0.02 0.14 Balance 273 28.5 68.3 0.15 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Example 5 13.1 0.59 0.03 0.14 Balance 353 16.7 102.0 0.13 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Example 6 10.6 0.48 0.04 0.16 Balance 327 21.1 91.7 0.24 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Example 7 10.2 0.56 0.04 0.06 Balance 322 29.8 84.0 0.14 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Example 8 10.1 0.
  • Table 1 shows that, in each of Examples 1 to 8, the content of each component is within the range of the present invention, and thus the copper alloy has good properties with respect to tensile strength, elongation, hardness, and wear resistance, which are necessary for use as a sliding member.
  • Examples 2, 7, and 8 show that if the phosphorus content is not less than 0.04% by mass, which is larger than the amounts described in Examples of Patent Document 1, even if the iron content is less than 0.05% by mass, the copper alloy has very good properties.
  • the sulfur content is smaller than the range of the present invention, and, in Comparative Example 5, the sulfur content is conversely larger than the range of the present invention, the copper alloy of Comparative Example 4 has low wear resistance, and the copper alloy of Comparative Example 5 has low tensile strength and elongation properties.
  • Example 9 a raw material was prepared such that the components after casting would consist of predetermined % by mass of components as shown in table 2; and a balance consisting of copper and unavoidable impurities.
  • a tensile test piece was prepared by the same melting, casting, and machining steps as in the above tensile test. Then, a tensile test was conducted with respect to the test piece under the same conditions, and the test piece was evaluated by observing the fracture surface after the tensile test.
  • Example 9 9.8 0.49 0.002 0.06 Balance ⁇
  • Example 10 9.9 0.49 0.07 0.06 Balance ⁇ Comparative 10.5 0.49 0.46 0.07 Balance x
  • Example 6 Note: The iron content in Example 9 is due to unavoidable impurities (not intentionally added)
  • a copper alloy for a sliding member containing tin, sulfur, iron and phosphorus as its main components by adjusting the iron and phosphorus contents, i.e., by containing no iron or reducing the iron content compared to a conventional copper alloy; and increasing the phosphorus content, it is possible to make the copper alloy have sliding properties equal or superior to the sliding properties of a conventional copper alloy. Also, by reducing the iron content, it is possible to make the copper alloy have good castability.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
US18/851,396 2022-03-31 2023-03-31 Copper alloy for a sliding member, a cast member, a sliding member, and a production method thereof Pending US20250215531A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2022059024 2022-03-31
JP2022-059024 2022-03-31
PCT/JP2023/013563 WO2023191053A1 (ja) 2022-03-31 2023-03-31 摺動部材用銅合金、鋳造体、摺動部材とその製造方法

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EP (1) EP4502203A4 (de)
JP (2) JP7602660B2 (de)
WO (1) WO2023191053A1 (de)

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JPWO2007126006A1 (ja) * 2006-04-28 2009-09-10 株式会社カイバラ 軸受性に優れた摺動材料用銅合金
JP4658269B2 (ja) * 2008-11-18 2011-03-23 株式会社栗本鐵工所 摺動部材用銅合金
JP5916464B2 (ja) 2012-03-26 2016-05-11 古河電気工業株式会社 銅合金展伸材、銅合金展伸材の製造方法および銅合金部品の製造方法
JP6139208B2 (ja) * 2012-05-22 2017-05-31 株式会社栗本鐵工所 銅合金摺動部材
JP2015021176A (ja) * 2013-07-22 2015-02-02 株式会社栗本鐵工所 銅合金摺動部材
JP2018194024A (ja) * 2017-05-12 2018-12-06 株式会社栗本鐵工所 銅合金製摺動部材
JP7214451B2 (ja) * 2018-02-13 2023-01-30 株式会社栗本鐵工所 銅合金
AT522440B1 (de) * 2019-05-07 2020-11-15 Miba Gleitlager Austria Gmbh Mehrschichtgleitlagerelement

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JP7602660B2 (ja) 2024-12-18
WO2023191053A1 (ja) 2023-10-05
EP4502203A1 (de) 2025-02-05
JP2024170676A (ja) 2024-12-10
EP4502203A4 (de) 2025-09-10
JPWO2023191053A1 (de) 2023-10-05

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