US2026584A - Method of liberating fibers - Google Patents

Method of liberating fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
US2026584A
US2026584A US1288A US128835A US2026584A US 2026584 A US2026584 A US 2026584A US 1288 A US1288 A US 1288A US 128835 A US128835 A US 128835A US 2026584 A US2026584 A US 2026584A
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United States
Prior art keywords
solution
soap
ber
rinsing
liberating
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Expired - Lifetime
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US1288A
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English (en)
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Joseph A Manahan
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to US1288A priority Critical patent/US2026584A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to DEM133122D priority patent/DE711350C/de
Publication of US2026584A publication Critical patent/US2026584A/en
Priority to FR800438D priority patent/FR800438A/fr
Priority to GB688/36A priority patent/GB452082A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
    • D01C1/00—Treatment of vegetable material
    • D01C1/02—Treatment of vegetable material by chemical methods to obtain bast fibres

Definitions

  • This invention pertainsto an improved method or process of liberating vegetable iiber, useful for textile purposes, from lignin and other connective or incrusting tissues or substances.
  • fiber plants furnishing a plentiful supply of such fibers may be mentioned iiax, hemp, jute, sisal, bagasse, esparto, and ramie or' china grass.
  • the useful fiber is embedded in, incrusted or coated with, or surroundedby connective tissues frequently of agummy or mucilaginous character which must be destroyed and/or removed before the fiber can be made available for textile purposes.
  • Ramie or china grass (Boehmeria m'vec) is a native of Eastern Asia, belonging to thenettle family and has a fiber of great length, which when freed of the abundant and very gummy connective tissue is of a beautiful silky lustre, and capable of being spun into fine yarns. This plant is easily cultivated, and the raw material, ready for ber liberation, may be produced. very cheaply.
  • long staplesubstantially white fiber having a replenish feel, silky lustre and capable of being spun and woven on usual cotton or woolen machinery may be produced from raw ramie at a cost not substantially exceeding that of cotton of equivalent staple.
  • Fig. 1 is a view showing the general appearance of the dry, coarse, stiff, and straw-like raw ramie cut to a predetermined length ,ready for treatment, in accordance with my improved process;
  • Fig. 2y is a similar view showing the liberated 5 ber ready for delivery to usual textile machinery; and i Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a preferred order of steps comprised in my improved process.
  • my present process preferably involves the following steps, it being noted that the dry raw material as received is of considerable length, averaging for example, more 25 than twelve inches,'and that since uniformity of ber length is conducive to the production of yarn of high grade, and since existing cotton or woolen machinery is designed for Working ber which is comparatively short, I nd it desirable, 30 though not essential, as a preliminary step in my process, to cut up the raw'stock toa substantially uniform length, selected in accordance with the nature of subsequent treatment to which the liberated fiber is to be subjected.
  • this preliminary step of cutting up the raw stock may be omitted and the raw material, as received, regardless of length, may be subjected directly to the chemical treatment about to be described.
  • Fig. l shows the raw material l as having been cut to uniform length, for example one and one-half inches, if the material is to be worked upon cotton machinery. lIhis raw material is dark in color, stiff, straw-like, and harsh, and in coarse strands of cohering fibers or bundles of non-uniform cross section and diameter.
  • a tallow soap,lpreferably,a one per cent. solution being preferred, and this liquor is maintained substantially at 212 F. during the treat ⁇ ment of the raw material, which lasts for a period n of. approximately thirty minutes. While a soap solution, diluted to-one per cent. soap, is effective,
  • the process may be Carried Out in 8. mtary drum, 01' other applOpl'late receptacle, for example, capable of being turned iirstv in one direction and then .in the other, or of being rotated continuously in one dirction, as desired. For most eiIective results I believe that the receptacle should be arranged to turn about a. vertical axis.
  • the receptacle turn continuously in one direction, it may be furnished with relatively ixed blades or other stirring devices to assure rapid circulation of the liquid.
  • the drum is driven at a rateof approximately three to four turns per minute during the period while itis undergoing treatment.
  • theilbers mayplacetheminporous bags, nets, or perforate baskets or other receptacles and circulate the liquid in one or opposite directions through such porous or perforate containers, for example by a pressure pump, as in certain well known systems of dyeing.
  • the soap solution is drained off and the container is immediately lled withiot water containing approximately one per cent of a mild alkaline salt capable of 'softening the gummy and incrusting substances surrounding the ber.
  • a mild alkaline salt capable of 'softening the gummy and incrusting substances surrounding the ber.
  • a mild alkaline salt capable of 'softening the gummy and incrusting substances surrounding the ber.
  • a mild alkaline salt capable of 'softening the gummy and incrusting substances surrounding the ber.
  • a mild alkaline salt capable of 'softening the gummy and incrusting substances surrounding the ber.
  • a mild alkaline salt capable of 'softening the gummy and incrusting substances surrounding the ber.
  • a mild alkaline salt capable of 'softening the gummy and incrusting substances surrounding the ber.
  • a mild alkaline salt capable of 'softening the
  • - drum is lled with a hot one per cent. soap solution similar to that ilrst employed-but with the addition of some suitable softening reagent, usually of a waxy or oily nature, for example one-tenth of one per cent. of coconut oil, and with the further addition of approximately one-tenth of one per cent. of calcium chloride (CaClzl).
  • suitable softening reagent usually of a waxy or oily nature, for example one-tenth of one per cent. of coconut oil, and with the further addition of approximately one-tenth of one per cent. of calcium chloride (CaClzl
  • the drum is again driven for approximately fifteenV minutes while keeping the temperature of the contents at ⁇ approximately 212 F. and. then drained, and the flbennow completely freed from ⁇ what hysrosoopic by reason of the calcium.
  • each period in the trisodium phosphate may be of the order of forty minutes.
  • the other treatments may likewise be varied in length in substantially the same proportion.
  • the raw material be first treated with a soap solution, as above described, and particularly if the trisodiuml phosphate treatment be divided into a plurality of successive stages, each terminating before the saturation period is reached, and if precautions be observed to prevent the temperature oi the material from dropping substantially in the intervals between successive steps in the operation, the fiber is completely freed from the gummy material even though the period of treatment may vary very Y considerably, and there is apparently no danger of a re-precipitation of the gummy substance upon Vthe fiber after it has once been removed. Possibly, the observed effect may be due to a physio-chemical action,-i.
  • the reagent material may be partly ionized so as to become eii'ective in dissolving the gummy substance, while on the other hand, the soap, being a colloid, may act to disperse the gum and subsequently act as a stabilizer to prevent recoagulation of the latter.
  • the soap being a colloid, may act to disperse the gum and subsequently act as a stabilizer to prevent recoagulation of the latter.
  • sodium phosphate as the preferred liberating reagent, and have found that its mild alkaline action is conducive to the best results thus far obtained.
  • desirable though less valuable results may be obtained by the use of other soluble l alkaline reagents, for exampletripotassium phosphate (KaPOi), sodium carbonate (NasCOalf borax (NazBlO'z) or ammonium sulphide. ((NHosS), the substances which I have thus found useful for the purpose falling within the general category of mild alkaline salts.
  • . may be employed in place of the soap, and-I regard emulsifying reagents in general as useful in this particular.
  • I further contemplate an increase in the number of successive treatments with the alkaline reagent, either with or without a decrease or increase in the ⁇ length of each period of treatment -as within .the scope of the invention. ⁇
  • That method of liberating' plant fiber fromconnective tissue which comprises treating the raw material with water containing an emulsifving agent, thereafter treating the material with a water solution of a mild alkaline salt, rinsing the material, and treating the material with a softening agentprior to spinning.
  • That method of liberating plant ber froml connective tissue which comprises violently agi ⁇ tating the raw material in hot -water containing a .colloidal emulsifying agent until the fiber is thoroughly's'aturated with said agent. drawing oil excess fluid, agitating v,the drained material in a hot aqueous solution of an alkaline salt of phos phoric acid, draining and rinsing the material, treating the material with a hygroscopic agent, and drying the material.
  • That method of Vliberating plant fiber from connective tissue which comprises keeping the material' at a temperature approximating v212" stances-of the connective tissue when such gum-l my substances are liberated, until the material is saturated with said agent, vthereafter agitat- .ating the raw material withy water containing soap in solution, thereafter treating the material with water containing trisodium phosphate in solution, and-rinsing and drying the material.
  • That method of liberating plant fiber from connective ⁇ tissue v which comprises as steps saturating the raw material with hot water containin g substantially one per cent. of soap in solution, thereafter treating the material with hot water containing approximately one, per cent. of
  • That'method of liberating plant fiber from connective tissue for textile purposes which com- Aprises as steps treating the raw material with a hot aqueous solution of soap, thereafter-.treating the material with a hot aqueous solution of trisodium phosphate, rinsing the material, treating the material with a hot aqueous soap solution containing a hygroscopic substance, and drying the material.
  • That method of liberating plant fiber for textile purposes which comprises as steps treating the rawmaterial with hot water containing substantially one per cent. of soap in solution, thereafter treating the materialA with hot water containing approximately one per cent. trisodium phosphate in solution, rinsing the material with h ot water,again treating the material with hot water containing approximately one per cent. ofl
  • That method of liberating plant ber for textile purposes which comprises as steps cutting the previously dried raw material into substan ⁇ tially uniform predetermined lengths, agitating the raw material thus cut into uniform lengths in a hot dilute soap solution, draining off the solution, treating the material with a hot dilute solution of trisodium phosphate, rinsing the material in hot water, treating the material with a dilute soap solution containing a hygroscopic substance, and thereafter drying the material.
  • That method of liberating plant ber for textile purposes which comprises as steps placing the cut raw material in a perforate container, causing a hot dilute lsoap solution to circulate through said container for a period of the order of thirty minutes, drainingoif the solution, successively circulating through' the material, for periods of approximately forty minutes, respectively, hot dilute solutions of trisodium phosphate,
  • That method of liberating plant ber from connective tissue which comprises as steps agitating the raw material in water at approximately 212 F. containing substantially one per cent. soap fora period of the order of thirty minutes, draining oi the solution, agitating the material in a one per cent. water solution of trisodium phosphate at a temperature of approximately 212 F.
  • That method of nberaung plant aber from connective tissue which comprises as steps placing the raw material in a perforate container, forcing a uid reagent to circulate through the container, said reagent being a boiling solution of trisodium phosphate, discontinuing the treatment with said reagent before the latter has become saturated with gummy constituents of the raw material, circulating a rinsing liquor through the material, and repeating the above steps until the ber has been substantially freed from gummy substances.
  • That method of liberating plant ber from connective tissue which comprises as steps circulating a boiling solution of trisodium phosphate through the raw material to be treated, discontinuing such circulation of the solution before the latter has become saturated with gummy substances, draining oif the solution, rinsing the material under treatment, and repeating the above steps until the ber has been substantially freed from gummy substances.
  • That method of liberating plant ber from connective tissue which comprises as steps circulating a hot solution of trisodium phosphate through the raw material to be treated for a period less than that beyond which re-precipitation 5 of gummy substances would begin, draining off the solution, rinsing the material in hot water without permitting the temperature of the material substantially to fall, and repeating said steps until the ber has been substantially freed from the gummy substances.
  • That method of liberating plant ber from gummy connective tissue which comprises as steps agitating the raw material in a boiling water-solution of trisodium phosphate for a period of approximating, but less than, that beyond which reprecipitation of gummy substances would begin, draining oil the solution and rinsing the material in hot water without permitting the material substantially to drop in temperature, repeating said steps until the ber is substantially free from gummy substances, and'thereafter treating the ber with a hygroscopic agent.
  • That method of liberating plant ber from connective tissue for textileV purposes which comprises as steps subjecting the raw material to the action of water at approximately 212 F. and containing approximately one-tenth of one per cent. of trisodium phosphate in solution, rinsing the material with hot water without permitting the temperature of the material substantially to drop and without exposing it to the air, repeating the preceding steps, thereafter further rinsing the material in hot water, and drying the material.
  • That method of liberating plant ber from connective tissue for textile purposes which comprises as steps causing water at approximately 212 F. and containing approximately one-tenth of one percent. of trisodium phosphate in solution to circulate in contact with the raw material for 40,. a period of appproximately forty minutes, draining off the liquor without permitting the temperature of the material substantially to drop, circulating a fresh trisodium phosphate solution of substantially the same strength and temperature 45 through the material for a similar period, again draining o the liquor without permitting the temperature to drop, and repeatedly rinsing the material with hot water.
  • connective tissue which comprises as steps repeatedly subjecting the material to be treated to a boiling water-solution of a mild alkaline salt, each successive treatment being in a. fresh'solution and each such treatment being followed by a rinsing in hot water, the entire process being carried out without substantial drop in temperav ture of the material from beginning to end and without free exposure of the material to the open' air.
  • That method of liberating plant ber from connective tissue which comprises as steps rst treating the raw material with a foam-producing reagent, thereafter treating it with a boiling solution of a mild alkaline salt, rinsing the material4 without permitting its temperature substantially to drop, again treating it with a boiling solution of a mild alkaline salt, rinsing the material, treating it with a softening reagent, and drying the material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US1288A 1935-01-11 1935-01-11 Method of liberating fibers Expired - Lifetime US2026584A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US1288A US2026584A (en) 1935-01-11 1935-01-11 Method of liberating fibers
DEM133122D DE711350C (de) 1935-01-11 1936-01-07 Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Gespinstfasern aus rohen Hartfasern
FR800438D FR800438A (fr) 1935-01-11 1936-01-08 Procédé de dégommage des fibres
GB688/36A GB452082A (en) 1935-01-11 1936-01-08 Improvements in method of obtaining fibres for textile purposes from plants

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US1288A US2026584A (en) 1935-01-11 1935-01-11 Method of liberating fibers

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US2026584A true US2026584A (en) 1936-01-07

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DE (1) DE711350C (fr)
FR (1) FR800438A (fr)
GB (1) GB452082A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2651571A (en) * 1948-06-26 1953-09-08 Howard E St John Alkaline treating method for obtaining ramie and other fibers
US20070267159A1 (en) * 2002-04-10 2007-11-22 Zigun Zhao Bamboo fibre and its manufacture
WO2019199823A1 (fr) 2018-04-09 2019-10-17 Renissance Fiber, Llc Dégommage et désuintage de matière libérienne pour la production de textile et de fibre de qualité pâte

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE739668C (de) * 1937-09-11 1943-10-01 Johann Eggert Verfahren zur Herstellung von hoch veredeltem Zellstoff aus Stroh
CN108753311B (zh) * 2018-06-25 2020-07-28 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 秸秆基植物毯以及盐碱地排盐方法

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2651571A (en) * 1948-06-26 1953-09-08 Howard E St John Alkaline treating method for obtaining ramie and other fibers
US20070267159A1 (en) * 2002-04-10 2007-11-22 Zigun Zhao Bamboo fibre and its manufacture
WO2019199823A1 (fr) 2018-04-09 2019-10-17 Renissance Fiber, Llc Dégommage et désuintage de matière libérienne pour la production de textile et de fibre de qualité pâte
CN112616316A (zh) * 2018-04-09 2021-04-06 复兴纤维有限责任公司 用于纺织和浆质量纤维的生产的韧皮材料的脱胶和洗刷
EP3765659A4 (fr) * 2018-04-09 2022-06-01 Renaissance Fiber, LLC Dégommage et désuintage de matière libérienne pour la production de textile et de fibre de qualité pâte

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR800438A (fr) 1936-07-04
GB452082A (en) 1936-08-17
DE711350C (de) 1941-09-30

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